Kehle v. USAA Casualty Insurance Company

Filing 49

ORDER ON PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR PROTECTIVE ORDER [DE 25]:granting in part and denying in part 25 Plaintiff's Motion for Protective Order. Signed by Magistrate Judge William Matthewman on 12/28/2017. (kza)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
SOU TH ERN D I
STRI O F FLOR I
CT
DA
C ASE N O .I 8O447- - A RRA / A TTH EW M AN
7CV M
M

NELI KEHLE, Gua din of
DA
as r a
A N TH ON Y KEHLE,1 1
1,
Pl i if
a ntf ,
II E0 t
Jt )
y

D.P .
x,

V S.

DE2 2 82 1
27

U SA A CA SU ALTY W SU RAN C E
COM PA N Y ,

STE ! M.L SCRE
VIN
AR/I
cu-lK u.s. os- cT.
' rk
sc
s.) oFFu .. Ff.
r.
A w !?

De e
f ndan .
t
/

ORDER ON PLAI FF' M OTI N FOR PROTECTI ORDER I 251
NTI S
O
VE
DE
THI CAUSE i be or t Cour upon Pli if Ne i Ke e', as Gua din of
S
s f e he
t
antf , lda hl s
r a

Ant
hony Ke e,ll (s antf ' M oi f Pr eci Or r ( 251 Thes matr wer
hl I t i if) ton or ot tve de . DE . e tes e
pl
r f r d t t unde sgned by Unied St t Diti tJ
e ere o he
ri
t
aes src udge Ke t A .M a r upon a Or r
nne h
ra
n de
r f rng a 1dic r t t u r i d f r fna diposton. Se DE 1 De e nt USAA
e eri l s ove y o he nde sgne o i l s ii
e
3. f nda ,

Cas ly l urnce Compa (ç f nf' fl a Res e t t M oton ( 28 a
uat ns a
ny s enda ) ied
De
pons o he
i DE 1 nd
Pli if fld a Re y g 291 Afe t Re y was fl Defnda fld a Noi of
antf ie
pl DE . tr he pl
ied, e nt ie
tce
Su e nt Auhort ( 31 .TheCour hel ahe rngont M otononNovembe 7,201
pplme al t iy DE 1
t d ai
he i
r
7.
Subsque t t he rng,Plitf fld a Notce of Supplme alAut iy.g 371 The
e nt o he ai
anif ie
i
e nt
hort DE .
m a t ri now rpe f r vi .
te s
i or e ew
1
.

I roduct St em ent ast I
nt
orv at
o ssue ofFi t I press on
rs m
i

Thi noveldi c
s
s over di put a i es f o a c r ge a ton i w hi h Pl ntf Ke e s eks
y s e rs r m
ove a c i n
c ai i f hl e

t e or e a Sete e Agr e e agans De enda USAA i t a
o nf c
tlm nt e m nt i t f nt
n he mountof$8, 1 80 Thi
8 8, 4. s
diput r quies t Cour t r s ve a i s of fr ti pr s i t t i ,w ha di c r i a
s e e r he
t o e ol n s ue
is m e s on, ha s
t s ove y, f ny,
1

Def nt USAA i pe m it d t unde tke i o t r as bl s a good f t of t
enda
s r te o
ra nt he e ona enes nd
aih
he
unde l ng
ryi

Sete e
tlm nt Ag e m e
r e nt whe e t t agr eme
r ha
e nt i a hybrd
s
i

Coblnt
e z

Agr e e / bir ton Awa d.
e m ntAr ta i
r
Pli if Ke e a g t te n t ug t Sete e Agr men s s e t enf c
a ntf hl r ues ha ve ho h he tlm nt ee t he e ks o or e
ag ns De enda USAA i a Cobl z-L z a ee
ai t f nt
s
ent syk gr ment a t labiiy, t t ag ee e
s o i lt ha
r m nt
c e aed and utlz bi ng a bir ton be or a sngl a bir t t de e m i da ag .
ont mpl t
iied ndi r ta i
f e i e r ta or o t r ne m es
Pli if a gue t t t s a ton of bi ng a bir ton on dnmage t a Coblnt syk
a ntf r s ha hi ddii
ndi
r ta i
s o
e z-t c
a ee nt on la lt c plt l at r t dic r l nds a .Ac r ng t Pl ntf,eve
gr me
ibiiy om e ey le s he s ove y a c pe co di o ai if
n
t
hough Fl i 1 w pe t a de e nts a USAA t c uc dicove y i o t good f t
orda a
nnis
f nda uch s
o ond t s r nt he
aih
a r s na e s ofat pialCoblnt a e m e ,t uni uet ofag e m e a is i t s
nd ea o blne s
y c
e z gr e nt he q ype
r e nt t s ue n hi
c e pr cl
as
e udes Def ndan USAA fom c uc i dicove y i o t good f t or
e
t
r
ond tng s r nt he
aih
r as bl nes oft a e men ,a t us ofa ar taort de e mi da
e ona e s he gr e t s he e
n bir t o t r ne mage r nde si s s
s e r s ue
of good f t or r s na e s ir e t and be a e of t o r ton of Fl i ' ar tal
aih
ea o bl ne s relvan ,
c us
he pe a i
ordas bir

i
mmuniy sat e,Fl Stt j682. ( .
t t ut a. a.
0514)
Def nda USAA a guest tPli ifi ,i f ct pr e di undera Coblnt a ee nt
e nt
r
ha antf s n a , oc e ng
e z gr me
a s s e t hol USAA r ponsbl f da
s he e ks o d
es i e or mage i e s oft polc lmispur ua t t
s n xce s he i y i t s nt o he
Se te en A g e m e .The e or U SA A s is t t i i e il d t br di c
t l m t r e nt
r f e,
ubm t ha t s ntte o oad s over i o t
y nt he

r a ona ene soft agr e e ,whe he i wasmade i good orba f t orwheheri wa a
e s bl s
he e m nt
t rt
n
d aih,
t t s
s m . Def nda USAA a gue t t Pl i if Ke e a USAA' i ur M r Ge al A.
ha
e nt
r s ha antf
hl nd
S ns ed, . r d
H e r on, e e e i o a Cobl z a ee en w he eby H e r on cons nt d t labiiy a
nde s
nt r d nt
ent gr m t
r
nde s
e e o i lt nd

e f c i l 'i down, t pa tesa ee t s
fe tve y 'ed
l
' he ri gr d o ubmi t m a trofdnmage t a sngl a bir t ,
t he te
s o i e r taor
t pa tesag ee t tt nm ountofda a f
he r i
r d ha he
m ges ound by t a bir t w oul be r duc d t a fna
he r ta or
d
e e o i l

j d me ta ans He es n a d,h ttej d me ta ans He d ro wo dn t erc r e o
u g n g i t nd ro , n t a h u g n g i t n e s n ul o b e o d d r

2

enf c d a i t He r on a He r on woul not be pe s ly la e s l as he
or e gans
nde s
nd nde s
d
r ona l i bl o ong
c
ompled wih t t nnsoft Se te e Ag e m e .USA A a guest tt m e e a ton t a
i
t he e
he tlm nt r e nt
r
ha he r ddii o

t ca Cobl z ag e m e of a pr son r quii t us of a ' ndpike 'a bir t t
ypi l
ent r e nt
ovii e rng he e
'
ha c d' r ta or o
deer nedamage doe notpr cl i fom e gi i t br dic y i s ks
t mi
s s
e ude t r
nga ng n he oad s over t ee .
Alhough t unde sg d pr f r t be bre whe de lng wih dieo r diput s t
t
he
r i ne e e s o
if
n ai
t s ve y s e , he
no l a fr t i pr s i na ur of t s s c t diput r quie t Co tt co i r a
ve nd is m e son t e
hi pe ik s e t r s he ur o nsde nd
a l e Cobl z a e nt , a opra e dicove y i r a i t Cobl nt ag ee
nayz
ent gr eme s ppr it s r n elton o
e z r ment, t
s he
na ur and s
t e
copeofa bir li uniy,a uli ael her ,t a o it s peofdi c r by
r ta mm t nd tm t y e he ppr pra e co
s ove y
a i ur rdef nda i o a hybrd Coblnt ag e m e / bir ton a d.Thus i t s Or r
n ns e - e nt nt
i
e z r e ntAr ta i war
, n hi de ,
br viy mus yil t at ough,a betlng hy,a yssoft is sr l va t t sdiput
e t
t ed o hor
l i e t nal i he s ue e e nt o hi s e.
II.

B ackzround

Thi c s aie fo a2 3 bo t a cd n whc rs le i s v r b d l ij r t
s a e rs s r m 01 ai c ie t ih e utd n e ee o iy n u y o
ng
Ant
hony G.Ke e 11 The drve or o r t oft boa durng t ac de was Ge al A.
hl , 1.
i r
pe a or he t i he ci nt
r d

He ron (ihe i urd' orçle ron' who wa i tr by USAA. l Fe uay of201
ndes é ns e ' s- ndes '
t
l
)
s nsled
n br r
4,
Ne i Ke e a Gua di n ofM r Ke e e it d a a t ne t c a tU SAA i or rt s tl
lda hl, s
r a
. hl, nlse n tor y o ont c
n de o e te
hi c intscai sa i tHe r on.USAA cli e t tt ac i nti whi M r Ke e wa
s le ' l m gans nde s
am d ha he c de n ch . hl s

ij rdwa n tc v r db tepoiy a dd ne t ecam.DE 12, . J
n u e s o o e e y h lc , n e id h li ( - pg 7 .
On M a ch 20,201 M r Ke e,asGua di n ofM r Ke e,fl a lws ta ns Ge a d
r
4, s. hl
r a
. hl ied a ui gai t r l
Hende s t drver of t boa ; N unci l tng Li ie t ow ne of t boa ; and
r on, he i
he
t
o nves i
m t d, he
r
he
t
Courne J. uns t pr i nta s e of i e , r c or a s r hol rofN unci l tng
t y M
on, he es de nd ol fc r die t , nd ha e de
o nvesi
Li ied s nc is i pton,i t Ci c tCour oft Fit ent J ci lCicui,i a f Pa m
m t i e t nce i n he r ui
t he fe h udi a r t n nd or l

Be c Co ny, e kn d ma e f rb d l ij re M r Ke es fr di t a cd n .g 12,
a h u t s e ig a g s o o iy nu is . hl ufee n he c ie t DE pg.8,9 97 . Ac or ng t Pl ntf,i 201 Hende s s couns ls nta lte t USAA
6- 1
c di o ai if n 6,
ron'
e e
etr o

3

r que tng USAA t wihdr w is de a of c a a pr vi a def ns a i
e si
o t a t ni l
over ge nd o de
e e nd ndemniy t
t o
He
nder on i t unde l ng l w s t purua t Hende s ' i tr nc polc l d.U SA A a i
s n he
ryi a ui, s nt o
ga n
r on s nsla e i y. I

denid c a and de i d t de e He r on i t sa e lws t I USA A ca me t t
e over ge
clne o f nd nde s n he tt a ui. d
li d ha

t ebo iy ij r s fee b M r Ke l dd no a ieo to o i c n e to wi at u ie s
h dl n u y u fr d y . h e i t rs u f r n o n ci n t ' sn s
h b
e ge i by a i m edy a t r o e t i i ntwoul notbe co r d by He r o s
nga d n
n ns
' nd he ef r he nc de
'
d
ve e
nde s n'

p iy.DE 12 p 9 .
ol ( - , g. 1
c
I Odoberof201 Pli tf en e ed i o a s tlm e a e ntwih He r on t r
n
6, a n if t r nt
ete nt gr eme
t nde s mde

whih:()t pate agredt s tt is oft amot ofda gess t ne a ars t
c 1 he ris e o ubmi he sue he
mt
ma usai d s e ul
ofHe s sneglge et bi ng a bir ton be or ane r la bir t ,whos dee na i
nderon'
i nc o ndi r ta i
f e
uta r ta or
e tnni ton
woul be r duc d t a c e Fi lJ
d
e e o ons nt na udgm e i f vor ofKe e a aga ns He r on i t
nt n a
hl nd i t nde s n he

lws t ( Pli ifag e d t e ut t Fi J
a ui; 2) antf r e o xec e he nal udgme a i tUSAA i t e t tt
nt gans
n he vent ha he
Cour dee mi t t USAA' deni of c r was lgaly i ope ,r t r t n agans
t tr ned ha
S
al
ove age
e l mpr r ahe ha
i t

He ron;a ( Hendes agee t asi t Pl ntf alcl msandc esofaci whih
nde s nd 3)
ron r d o sgn o ai if 1 ai
aus
ton c
He r on pos e s a i t USAA, a ii out of U SAA' de al of cove age f ,a is
nde s
s s ed gans
rsng
S ni
r
or nd t

rf a t d f n a an t teu eli glws i. DE 12 p s 1 ,1 2 2 1
eusl o ee d g i s,h nd ry n a ut ( - , g . 0 2 - 5 .
On Oc obe 1 201 a bi ng a bir ton on da a s wa c
t r 3, 6, ndi r tai
m ge
s onduc e by t pa tes
td
he ri
be or J mes M uns y,Es ofM arx M e a i i W e t Pal Be h,Fl i who s r e a
f e a
e
q.
ti
diton n
s
m ac
orda,
evd s
a bir t r i t pr e ng. 1 The ar t a or di no c i r t i s of la lt a
r t a o n he oce di
d.
bir t
d t onsde he s ue
i biiy, s
H e r on had a r a c e e t t he w a la e f t a ci t Tw o weeks l er on
nde s
l e dy ons nt d ha
s i bl or he c den .
at ,
O c obe 27, 201 t ar t a or de e m i d t t t t al n ount of da ag s t i d by
t r
6, he bir t
t r ne ha he ot m
m es us a ne

Pli ifwas$8, 1 804.1 The sa e c tt n e e e a o de a ovi t s tl me ,a
antf
8 8,
d.
tt our he ntr d n r r ppr ng he e te nt nd

t cou te ee Fi J
he r ntrd nal udgme a ns He s i t s amount ( 12,pg.11 .
nt gai t nderon n he nme
. DE 1
1M r He r o sl ur ncePolc wihUSAA i uded la lt i ur e,whih c ai d apolc f Perona
.
nde s n' ns a
iy t
ncl
ibiiy ns anc
c ont ne
iy or s l

Liblywi almio $1 00 0.0a dM e ia Pa me toOteswi al t $10 0.0 ( 12, . 6 .
a it t i t f 0 ,0 0 n dc l y n t h r t i of ,0 0 .DE - pg 1 )
i h
h mi
4

On M a c 21 201 Pli iftld s ta i tDef nda USAA i t Cic tCour of
r h , 7, a ntf ie ui gans
e nt
n he r ui
t

t Fite t J d ca Cic i,i a df rPam Be c Co n y Flrd . DE 1 pg 1 .n ti c s ,
he fe nh u iil rut n n o l a h u t , o i a ( , . ) I h s a e
Pl ntf,a s ri t rght of He r on,alege t count of br ac ofc r c ,ba e on
ai if s e tng he i s
nde s
l d wo
s
e h
onta t s d

Dee n ' de a ofc r a br a h ofisalege dut t defnd a t i mniy.k 1
fnda ts nil oveage nd e c t l d y o e nd o nde f DE -

2, s 1 ,1 1 Dee a t e v dt c s fo saec u tt t i Co r o Ap i 7, 01 .g
pg . 1 3 . fnd n r mo e he a e r m tt o r o h s u t n rl 2 7 DE
1.
1
11
1.

M ot on f Pr ec i O rder R e pons a R e v
i or ot tve
. s
e nd nl

On Augus 28,201 USAA s v d is notc of i entt is a s
t
7,
er e t
ie
nt o s ue ubpoe duc s t um
na
e ec
wihoutde ii t t r co dsc t a ofM a rx M editon,and on Augus 31 201 USAA
t
poston o he e r usodin
ti
ai
t , 7,
s r e isno i ofi e t is f a tonals
e v d t tce nt nt o s ue our ddii
ubpoe s duc s tcum w ihoutde ii t
na
e e
t
poston o
M r Ge ad He r on,t drve oroper t r oft boa ,M r Courne M uns t ownerof
. r l nde s he i r
ao
he t .
t y
on, he
t boa ,a t r r s c i a t e .The e fve s
he t nd hei e pe tve tom ys
s i ubpoe s ha notyetbe s ve upon
na ve
en er d

to efv no p rist t i a to a Plitf h so j ce t tes b o n s OnSe tmb r2 ,
h s i e n-a t o h s cin s an if a be td o h u p e a .
e
pe e 6
201 Pli iffl a M oton f Pr e tve Or rfom t s
7, a ntf ied
i or ot c i
de r
he ubpoe duc s t um is d by
nas e ec
s ue
USAA a die t d t
nd r c e o:
The Cor r t Re ds Cus odi n ofM a rx M e a i t e iy w ho e pl d t
po a e cor
t a
ti
di ton, he ntt
m oye he

a bir t a f ciia e t a bir to pr e ngs The M a rx s
r ta or nd a lt t d he r tai n oce di .
ti ubpoe s ksçal
na ee $1
m ae i l a or doc
tra s nd/
ument r viwed and/ r ceve whih we e s it d t t
s e e
or e i d
c
r ubm te o he
a bir t by a c
r ta or
ny ouns lwih r ga d t t ar tai whi h t plc on Oc obe
e t e r o he bir ton
c ook a e
t r

1 201 i t ma t ofNei Ke e as Gu di o hon G.Ke e 11v
3, 6, n he ter
lda hl,
ar an fAnt y
hl, I .
Nunci l e tn Li t J Cou t y J M u on and Ge al He r on,tl d i t
o nv s ig mie
r ne
ns
r dA. nde s i e n he
y orda, s
Cic tCour oft l t J di i lCi c ti a f Pal B e c Count , Fl i Ca e
r ui
t he 5h u c a r ui n nd or m a h

No.50 4CA003
201
422XXXXM B,i l ng,bu no lm ied t I or ton r aed
ncudi
t t i t o: nf ma i elt

5

t Ant
o
hony Ke e i udi me c r c ds medialr pors m e c bil,as itd
hl, ncl ng dial e or ,
c e t, dial ls sse
lvi f iiy i o m a i mora iy tbls busne s r c ds a al addii na
i ng ac lt nf r ton,
tlt a e , i s e or ' nd 1
,
to l

if n to p o ie f ra btao ' rv e i ld n b tn tl tdt :u yvedc
n o uain r vd d o r i t rs e iw,ncu i g u o i e o j r r it
r
mi
rpors de ii ta ci s ta ci s oft abirton pr ee ngs (ncudi
e t, poston rns rpt, r ns rpt
he r tai oc di i l ng
ta ci sofwine st tmo durng t abir ton) e r rpo t a i c s
rns rpt
t s esi ny i he r tai , xpe t e rs nd nvoie ,
a a a l doc e s r vi wt or r ceved t ndi t s
ny nd l
um nt e e d
e i
e ng o uppo t o ne t t
r r ga e he
De e ntsne i nce- i l ng M r He r on;a a al doc e sr vi wed
f nda ' glge
ncudi
. nde s
ny nd l um nt e e
or r ceved r l tng t da a s i udi docume s r le upon t f m t
e i
e ai o m ge , ncl ng
nt e id
o or he

abirtona r a a notsoft abirtr'( 35- pg.21
r tai wa d nd ny e he r tao . DE 2,
'
.

()
2

Th r c r c t da o M ih e Kn c t Es , He d ro ' a tr y i te
e e o ds uso in f c a l e h, q. n e s n s to ne n h
unde l ng l ws t The Kne ht s
ryi a ui.
c ubpoe s ks t
na ee s
Your e ie fl i t m a tr of
ntr ie n he te

Neia Ke e a Gu r a o Anto y G.Ke l,11v Nu co I v sig,Li td
l
d hl, s a din f h n
h e 1 . n i n e tn mi ,
e
Courne J M uns n and Ge al A.H e r o fl i t Cic tCour oft 1 h
t y
o
r d
nde s n, ied n he r ui
t he 5t
J ci l Cic t i a
udi a
r ui n nd f
or Pa m
l

Be h Count Fl i , Cas N o.
ac
y, orda
e

50201
4CA 003422XX X X M B ,i l ng butno lm ie t
nc udi
t i t d o:
i A l c r ponde a ora t ney not .
. l or es
nce nd / tor
es
i . A 1 docum e s r e ve doc e s pr
i
l
nt ec i d,
um nt
oduce a
d, nd a
ny di co r
s ve y
r pons s ofa pary.
es
e
ny t
ii A l t a c i sofany wines .
i. l r ns rpt
t s

i Trns i t)oft abirtonpr e ngs
v. a crpts he r tai oce di .
A l m ed c r c ds m edi alr por s m e ca bil ,a s s e lvi f c lt
1
i al e or ,
c e t , di l ls s it d i ng a iiy
i or a i m oralt t bl s bus ne s r c ds of Pl ntf , Ant
nf m ton,
t iy a e ,
i s e or
ai if
hony
Kehl
e.

6

vi Al i or ton pr ded f a bir t ' r e ,i udi butnotlm ie
. l nf ma i
ovi
or r t aors eviw ncl ng
i td

t j r v r itrpo t, e o i o ta s rp s ta s rp so t abtain
o:u y e dc e rs d p st n r n cit,r n cit f he r i to
i
r
pr edi (ncl ng ta ci s of wine s tsi
oce ngs i udi rns rpt
t s e tmony durng t
i he
abir ton) e r rporsa i c ,any a aldoc nt rviwe
r tai , xpe t e t nd nvoies
nd l ume s e e d
or r ceved t ndi t s
e i
e ng o uppor or negae t Def nda ' neglg nc
t
t he
e nts
i e e,
i l ng M r He r on.
ncudi
. nde s
vi. Al doc e s s nt t t a bir or r a i t dnmage or neglge ,
i
l um nt e o he r tat eltng o
s
i nce
i l ng t doc e s r le upo by t ar taort f nn a bir ton
ncudi he um nt ei d
n
he bir t o o
r ta i

a r a da yn tso teabtao . ( 252, . )
wa d n n o e f h r irtr' DE - pg 7 .
'
(
3)

Ther or c t a ofTo r Ha on,a Hape,LLC,M uns satr y i
ec ds usodin
mbeg, ns nd l r
on' to ne n
t unde l ng lws t2The Tomber s
he
ryi a ui.
g ubpoe s e :i
na e ks t
Youren iefl i t m a tr
tr ie n he te

o NeiaKe l,a Gu r a o t o y G. he IIv Nu co I v sig Li t4
f ld he s a din fAn h n Ke l, 1 . n i n e t , mie
n
Courne J M u on and Ge al A. H e r on,f l i t Ci c t Cour of t 1 t
t y
ns
r d
nde s
ied n he r ui
t he 5 h
J c a Cic t i a
udii l
r ui n nd f r Pal
o
m

Be ch Count Fl i
a
y, orda, Ca e No.
s

50201
4CA003 XXXXM B,i l ng butnotlm ie t
422
ncudi
i t d o:
i A l cor e ponde a or a t ne not s.
. l rs
nce nd / tor y e

doc e s r ceve doc e s pr
um nt e i d,
um nt
oduce a a dico r
d, nd ny s ve y
rs
e pons s ofa pa t
e
ny r y.

ii A1 ta c i sofa wines .
i. l r ns rpt
ny t s

i Trnsrpts oft abirtonpr e ngs
v. a c i t) he r tai oce di .

2Mr Co rn yMu s nwa teo e (ho hhsc mp n , n i l et , mi d o teb a o whc Mr
. u te n o s h wn r trug i o a y Nu co nv si Li t ) fh o t n ih .
ng
e
Ke ewa ijrd.
hl s nu e
7

v. Al medi lr c ds medi lr pors m e ca bil ,as it lvi f eiiy
l
ca e or ,
ca e t, di l ls ssed i ng a lt
i o ton, moraiy tbl , busnes r cor of Pli if An hony
nf nna i
tlt a es
i s e ds
antf , t
Kehl
e.

vi A1 i or ai pr de f ar taor sr vi w,i l ng butno lm ied
. 1 nf m ton ovi d or bir t ' e e nc udi
ti t

t j r ved c r p rs d p sto ta s rp s ta s rp so t abtain
o:u y r it e o t, e o i n r n cit,r n cit f he r i to
i
r
pr edi (ncl ng ta ci s of wine s t tmony durng t
oce ngs i udi rns rpt
t s esi
i he
ar tai ,e r rporsa i c ,any a aldoc nt rviwe
bir ton) xpe t e t nd nvoies
nd l ume s e e d
or r eved t ndi t s
ec i
e ng o uppor or negae t Def ndants neglge e,
t
t he
e
'
i nc
i l ng M r He r on.
ncudi
. nde s
vi. Al docu e s s nt t t ar taor r ltng t damage or neglgenc
i
l
m nt e o he bir t ea i o
s
i e,
i l ng t docume s r le u
ncudi he
nt e id pon by t ar taor t f m a bir ton
he bir t o or r ta i

a r a a notsoft abir t . ( 25- pg.11.
wad nd ny e he r taor' DE 2,
'
)

()
4

Co rn y M u s n t e o e o t e b a o wh c Mr Ke l wa ij rd.The
u te
n o , h wn r f h o t n ih . h e s nu e
M u on s
ns ubpoe s ks ( ny a a1doc e sa orm aeral r a i t t cvi
na ee t
a nd l um nt nd/
t i s eltng o he i l

a to tte NeiaKe l,a Gu r a o to y G. he I1v Nu co I v sig
cin ild ld he s a din fAnh n Ke l, I . n i n e tn ,
Li t4 Courne J M un on and Ger d A.He r on,fld i t Cic tCour of
mie
ty
s
al
nde s ie n he r ui
t
t
he

J c a Cic t i a f Pa m Bea h Co t Fl rda, Ca e No.
udii l r ui n nd or l
c
un y, o i
s

50201
4CA003422X X XX M B,i l ng butnot lm ied t a com m uni a i w ih
nc udi
i t o: ny
c tons t

your co el r ar ng asi
uns eg di
sgnment of rg s t Pl ntf ( h1) stlme
iht o ai if Ke e , ete nt
ne i tons a 1 i or a i a or doc e a i pr de t t a bir t
gota i , l nf m ton nd/
um nt ton ovi d o he r t a or

(ncl ng bu notlmie t c r pondenc rcor ,e i c
i udi
t
i td o ores
e, e ds mal ommuniai ,a
c tons nd

a ohe i o mai pr de , reponde r eve a orsntt yo c e
ny t r nf r ton ovi d) co rs
nce ec i d nd/ e o ur ouns l

8

r r ng t unde l ng cvi ltga i a
ega di
he
ryi
i l ii ton nd a
ny ot r doc e s a o
he
um nt nd/ r

c mmu iain rg r i teu eli gcvia to '( 2 - , g. 5 .
o nc to s e adng h nd ry n i l cin. DE 5 2 p 1 )
'
()
5

Geal A.Hendes t USAA i ur and drve oft boa.The Hendes
rd
ron, he
ns ed
i r he t
ron
s
ubpoe s e Sa a a 1doc
na e ks çny nd 1
umen s a orm a e i s r l tng t t cvi a i
t nd/
t ral e a i o he i l cton

t ld Neia Ke l,a Gu r in o Anh n G.Ke l, 11 v Nu co I v sig
i e ld
t
he s a da f to y
he 1 . n i n et ,
n
Li t Cou t y J M uns and Ge al A.He r on fl i t Cicui Cour of
mie4
r ne
on
rd
nde s , ied n he r t
t
r ui n nd or
m
c
y
t 1 t J ii l Cic t i a f Pal Bea h Count , Fl i Ca e No.
he 5h ud c a
orda, s
50201
4CA003422XXXXM B,i l ng butnotlm ie t a c
nc udi
i t d o: ny omm t c i wih
miatons t

your cou el rgar ng asi
ns e di
sgnment of rg s t Pl ntf ( h1) stl nt
iht o ai if Ke e , eteme
ne ta i , a 1 i onna i n a or doc e a i n pr de t t a bir t r
go itons 1 nf
to nd/
um ntto
ovi d o he r ta o

(ncudng butno lmie t c rs
i l i
t i td o ore ponde ,r or ,e i c
nce ec ds mal ommuni to ,a
cains nd

a ot ri or tonpr vi d) core ponde r eve and/ sntt yourc e
ny he nf mai o de , rs
nce ec i d or e o
ounsl
r r ng t unde l ng cvi ltga i a
ega di
he
ryi
i l ii ton nd a
ny ot
her doc
umen s a or
t nd/

c mmu c to srg r n teu el ngcvi a to '( 2 - , g 1 1
o niain e adig h nd ryi i l cin. DE 5 2 p . 9 .
'
A . Pl nt f ' Pos ton as St e i H er M ot on
ai i f s i i
at d n
i

As stf rh i h rM oin g 2 1 Plitf ag st ta y i f r to rq e td i t e
e o t n e to DE 5 , an if rue ha n n o main e u se n h
s
ubpoe s whi h r lt t t t e s bl ne s' a ç
na
c e ae o he s a ona e s ' nd d
r
good f ih r quie e s'of a c e
at e r m nt '
ons nt

j d me to Co lnza re n i n trlv n i tei tn c s b c u et eis ea da u t
u g n r b e t g e me t s o ee a t n h nsa t a e e a s h s u n mo n
o d ma e wa d tr n d b an ur labtao rt e t n ac n e t u me tn g tae b
f a g s s eemie y e ta r irt r ah r ha o s n j dg n e oitd y
t t pate .g 25,pg.3) Pli ifa g t ta doc nt perani t abirton
he wo ris DE
. antf r ues ha ny ume s ti ng o r tai
pr ee ngsar pr e td fom dico r unde bot Fl i Stt esa Fl i c s l (
oc di
e otce r
s vey
r h orda aut nd orda a e aw. DE
25,pgs 4-1 Pli ifague t ta1 tve s
. 5 . antf r s ha l s ubpoe ss d bequas a apr e tve ode
na houl
hed nd otci r r
s d bee er d pr ventngt s
houl
nt e e i he ubpoe sfom be ng s v d upon t non- ris.
na r
i er e
he
pa te

9

B. D ef ndant s Pos t on asSt e i I s R e pons
e
'
ii
at d n t s
e

l isRe p n e ( 2 1 Dee d n ag e t trg r ls o t ea btai n a r ,Plitf
n t s o s DE 8 , fn a t r u s ha e a de s f h r i to wad an if
r

i si p o e dn u d ra Co lnz a re n ,b c u et ep risa r e t la l y ( 28
s tl r c e ig n e
l
be t g e me t e a s h a te g e d o ibit . DE ,
i
p 3 . Th , h s tlme ta r e n a d abtain c n a d s ud b rviwe ( 2 , g.
g. ) us t e ete n ge me t n r irto a n ho l e e e d. DE 8 p
3 . fn a ts mist t p ru n t Cobe t,De e d n ha t b d nt d mo taei a
) De e d n ub t ha, u s a t o lnz fn a t s he m e o e nsrt f n
unde l ng s tl nt ag e m e wa r s bl and i good f t a t e or De e nt
ryi eteme
r e nt s ea ona e
n
aih, nd her f e f nda
as e t t tt s
s rs ha he ubpoe a e r e nti or t o a n t dic r ne s a y t me tt s
nas r elva n der o bt i he s ove y ce s r o e hi

b r e g 2 , g . - 1 Be a eted c me t r l du o i teabi ai nf r dteb ss
u d n. DE 8 p s 3 4 . c us h o u n s ei p n n h r t to o me h a i
e
r
oft a e m e on la lt t s m e doc e sr le u i t a bir ton die ty r lt t
he gr e nt ibiiy, he a
um nt ei d pon n he r tai
r c l ea e o

tera o a ln s o b t t a r e n a dt ed ma e a r .g 28 pg 4q
h e s n be e s f o h he g e me t n h a g s wa d DE , . .
De e ntf t r al gest tt underyi s tl ntag ee e wa m a i ba f ih,
f nda urhe le
ha he
l ng eteme
r m nt s de n d at
a t dic r i nec s a y i or r t pr ve t tHende s and hi c
nd hus s ove y s e s r n de o o ha
r on
s ouns ûled down'
el di
'
a a t d i bad f t i ne itng wih Pl i if f De e
nd c e n
aih n gota i
t antf . #. f ndan ct s t t bre ,da l
t ie o he i f y-ong
a bir ton as welas t l k ofa co tr poreri t pr e ngst s
r ta i
l
he ac
ur e t n he oc edi
o ugge tt tt r i a
s ha he e s
pos i lt ofc l i bewe Pl i ifa Hende s 1 De e ntsat t t dic r
sbiiy
oluson t en antf nd
r on. d. f nda t es hat he s ove y
s ug by t s
o ht
he ubpoe s i ne s a y i or r t de e ne t ve a iy oft a bir ton and
na s ce s r n de o t nni he r c t
he r ta i
s tl me pr ee ngs. d
e te nt oc di I
Furhe ,Def nda diput s Pl i ifs cl m t tt a bir ton doc e s a e prvie
t r
e nt s e antf
ai ha he r ta i
um nt r i lged

u d r Fo i a lw.g 2 p ) Fis,Plitf c n o a s r a y p iie e o be afo
n e lrd a DE 8, g.5 . rt anif n n t se t n rv lg n h l f
He r on, M uns a t i l w ye s be a e i i not he pr vie t as e t 1 Se ond,
nde s
on nd he r a r c us t s
r i l ge o s r . d. c
be a e U SA A i not s ki doc e s r a e t t a bir t ' qualfc tons m e a
c us
s
ee ng
um nt el t d o he z t a or s
ii a i , nt l

pr s es ordelber tons butr t rt doc e she r le o i m a ng hi dee na i
oce s ,
i ai ,
ahe he um nt
ei d n n ki
s tnni ton,
D e e n a gues t t t s a ut y prviege does not a y. 1 D e enda cl i s t t t
f nda t r
ha he t t or i l
ppl d. f
nt a m ha he

10

doc
umen s underyi t a bir ton awa d a e e s i lt de e m i whe he t a r wa
t
l ng he r tai
r r s enta o t r ne
t r he wa d s

ra o a ea dma ei g o fih. d Dee d n tld aNoieo S p lme tlAuho i g
e s n bl n d n o d at 1 . f n a t le
t f u p e na t rt DE
c
y
31 cii t sverlc e whi s
1 tng o e a as s ch uppor t pr ii t ta abirt c n be de e i
t he oposton ha n r taor a
posd n
s ii cr
pecfc icumsa s
tnce .
C . Pl i i rs Pos t o as St t d i H e R e v
a nt f
ii n
a e n r pl

Plitf t n fldaRe y ( 2 1 i wh c s erie ae h ra g me tt tt a r e n
anif he ie
pl DE 9 , n ih h etr ts e r u n ha he g e me t
i t i tntc s dif r fom a Cobl z a r m e bec us t pa test m s l s di nots t
n he ns a a e fe s r
ent g ee nt a e he ri he eve d
e

t a u to te stlme ti ti c s .( 2 ,p . )Th p risi ta a r e t b b u d
he mo n f h et n n h s a e DE 9 g 2 . e a t nse d g e d o e o n
e
e
by a a bir ton a r e e e by a ne r l t r pa t I Pl i if alo a g s t t t
n r tai wa d ntr d
uta hid ry. d antf s r ue ha he

ab tain d cso ( 12 ps 1 1 1 3 a c rtl s ms u t e e d n e prs ne a te
r irto e iin DE - , . 3 - 3 1 c u aey u
p h vie c e e td t h
a bir ton pr ee ngs a m a s ii fndi of f ctba e on t t e de e.Pl ntf
r tai
oc di
nd kes pecfc i ngs
a
sd
ha vi nc
ai if
cai t tt s s
l ms ha hi umm a i al
ton lows Def nda t a c ra n whe he ba f ih ne i tons t k
e nt o s e ti
t r d at gotai
oo

plc wihoutobt ni dic r fom t abirt .g 29,pg. .Pli ifr le onFl Stt
ae t
ai ng s ovey r he r taor DE
4) antf eis
a. a.
j68 0514)t s
2. ( o uppor he cai t tFl i lw i
t r l m ha orda a mmuniesa abirt fom bengrquie t
z n r taor r
i e rd o

p o u erc r r ltdt a abtai npr c e ig.DE 2 , . )
r d c e o ds eae o n r irto o e dn ( 9 pg 5 .
l .
V

D ic
s ovea H ear n:
i

Bot pa te a a e f rt N ove r7,201 hea i a pr s nt m'lm e . D urng t
h ri s ppe r d o he
mbe
7 rng nd e e ed gz nt
i he
hea i Pl i if a gue t t USAA c d no l r a t k t is of la lt be a e i
rng, antf r d ha
oul
onge tac he s ue
ibiiy c us t
wave t is when i r us t de end or i mniy t lws t Pli tf alo s htt
i d he sue
t ef ed o f
nde f he a ui. a n if s oug o
dif r ntae bewee a t c lc e ag e m e i a Cobl nt c e a t a bir ton a r a
fe e i t t n ypi a ons nt r e nt n
e z as nd he r ta i wa d t
is he e.Pl ntf sc
s ue r ai if ouns la gued t tbec us a a bir ton a r i bi ng, i i m or a n
e r
ha
a e n r tai wa d s ndi t s
e ki

t aj r d tr n to t n t ac n e ta re n .Ass c ,t a r s o l b i n t
o u y eemiain ha o o s n g e me t
u h he wad h u d e mmu e o
c lt r lat ck or dico r Pl i ifs c
olae a ta
s ve y. antf ouns l c am e t t Fl i ca e 1w a sa ut y
e l i d ha orda s a nd tt or

pr so m a i cla t t bot t sa e cours a t sat l sa ur i e
ovii ns ke t e r ha
h he t t
t nd he t e egilt e nt nded t m a
o ke
a bir ton pr e ngs c i nta a i mt fom dicove y.Pl i ifs poston i t t
r ta i
oc edi
onfde i l nd m me r
s r
antf
ii s ha
De e
f ndan s d notbe a e t obt n a oft doc nt s
t houl
bl o ai ny he ume s oughti is fve s poe s duc s
n t i ub na
e
t
ecum .

De e ntdimi s Pl i ifsm'um e ta a l dt ti e r c e ct d by Pl i if t
f nda s s ed antf
g n nd lege ha n ve y as ie
antf, he
de e
f ndan wase il t br d f c dicove y.He ar d t tt t s f whe he t dic r
t
ntted o oa a t s r
gue ha he e t or t r he s ove y
s ul be per te i r as blnes ,a i i r as bl unde t cr um sa es t f rher
ho d
mitd s e ona e s nd t s e ona e
r he ic t nc o u t
i si t t a bir i pr es . f nda ct d t s ve alas t oft a bir ton,i l ng
nve tgae he r taton oc s De e nt ie o e r pec s he r ta i ncudi
t a enc ofa c tr pore ,t br t oft pr e ngs a t l c ofc os - xa nai n
he bs e
our e tr he eviy he oce di , nd he a k
r se mi to
ofM r He r on,t esa ih t pos i lt of a bad f t pr e ng.l a gue t tbr
. nde s
o t bls he sbiiy
aih oc edi t r d ha oad
dic r oft a bir ton pr es i t o y wa t e ur t a bir ton awa d wa nott
s ove y he r tai
oc s s he nl y o ns e he r ta i
r
s
he
r s t of coluso Ac di t Def nda ,Fl rda c e 1 w esa ihe t t a a bir ton
e ul
l i n. cor ng o
e nt o i as a
t bls s ha n r tai

a r s o l b s b e tt tes me fc d s o r a ac n e t ud me two l b i at pc l
wad h ud e u j c o h a a t ic vey s o s n j g n u d e n y ia
Cobl nt ag ee
e z r ment A pa t i e ild t c le et r s na ene sa t good f ih oft
.
ry s ntte o ha lng he ea o bl s nd he
at
he
s tl m e ag e m e and a bir ton a ar a t r or doc e spe t ni t a bir ton a e
e te nt r e nt
r ta i w d, nd he ef e um nt rai ng o r ta i r

r e nta wihi t s peofdico r
elva nd t n he co
s ve y.

Afe t ehe rng Plitf fld aNoie o Su pe n a Au h rt ( 3 )i wh c s e
tr h ai , an if ie
tc f p lme tl t o i DE 7 n ih h
y
cie t t ta c i ofpr ee ngsi t Cic tCour oft 1 bJ cilCicui i a f
td o he r ns rpt
oc di
n he r ui
t he 3t udi a r t n nd or

Hilb r u h Co ny F o ia whee a crut c u tj d e g a td plitf mo in f r
ls o o g
u t , lrd , r
ic i o r u g rn e anifs to o
pr t c i or r a de ed di c
o e tve de nd ni
s over r
y eque t s e ng docum ent pera ni t t a bir ton
s s e ki
s t i ng o he r t a i

p o e dn i t e u d ry n c s .S e Lo d t Co,PLC v Ce t n Un e wrtr a LIyd o
r c e ig n h n eli g ae e r f .
r
. rai d r ies t o s f
Lo n, Ca e N o. 201 CA- 7682, 1 t J i i l Cic t Hilbor
ndo
s
2- 01
3 h ud c a r ui, ls ough Count Fl i
y, orda

12

( a s rp o P o e d n sd td No e e 7,2 7 b f r Ho o a l EmmttLa rBatt ,
Trn cit f r c e i g ae v mb r 01 e o e n rbe
t ma tls
Cic tJ )
rui udge.
V.

D i c s on and A na vs s
s us i
l i

Fed a Rul ofCi lPr e le26()1 pr dest tapa t ora pes ma movef a
erl e
vi oc dtr c () ovi ha
ry ny ron y
or
pr e tve or r a t ûc tm a f good c us is a or rt pr t ta pa t orpe s
ot ci
de , nd he sour y, or
a e, s ue n de o o ec
ry
r on
fom a
r
nnoya e,e r a s e ,oppr son orundue bur n or e ns ' The pa t s ki
nc mba r s m nt
es i
de
xpe e.
'
ry ee ng

t pr e ve or r ha t bur n t pr vi t Cour wih tgood ca e' f t pr e ton
he ot di
de s he de o o de he
t t s
us ' or he ot c i

s t Fe R.Ci P.26() C
ough . d.
v.
c.s
Good ca e'hasbe n dei d asats
us '
e fne
tound ba i orl ii t
ss egtmae

n e t tk j d ca a to . Wr n e v Pe nyla aLu e man Mu.I s Co , 9 F. p
e d o a e u iil cin' a g n . n s v ni mb r s t n . . 5 3 Su p.
'
2d 1 1 ( D.Fl 2008)( tngl r Alx de Gr ( Co.Lii i 820 F. 352,
273, 277 S. a.
cii n e e an r ant f
tgaton,
2d
35 ( 1h
6 1t

1 . The pat rquesi a pr e tve or mus ma a s ii
985)
ry e tng
otci
der t ke pecfc

de onsr to off c s i s
m tai n
a t n uppor oft r ques.f A c tmus t n baa e t c pei
t he e t #. our
t he lnc he om tng

fcor i ve i deemi ng whehe g c e hasbee s
a t s nvol d n tr ni
t r ood aus
n hown.f (ii Far worh v
J. ctng ns t .
Pr trdrGambl,Co. 758F.2d 1 1 47( 1h Ci.1 ) Hee,Pl ntf cli t tt r
oce
e ,
545, 5 1 t r 985 . r ai if ams ha he e
i good c us f a pr ec i or rbe us t i or ton s
s
a e or ot tve de ca e he nf ma i oughti t fve s
n he i ubpoe sduc s
na
e
t um i notr l vantt t m ate s bef e t Cour ,a be aus t i or a i i prvieg
ec
s
ee
o he
tr
or he
t nd c e he nf m ton s i l ed

unde bo h Fl i St t e a Fl rdaca elw pr t c i a bir ton a r
r t orda aut s nd o i
s a o e tng r tai wa ds.

Rul 26( ( ) dei t s ope of dicovey a %a non- i lged matr t t i
e b)1 fnes he c
s r s tny
prvie
te ha s
r e ntt a pm y' cl i ordef ns a pr tonalt t ne oft ca e,'c i rng
elva o ny
s am
e e nd opori
o he eds he s ' onsde i
t i pora e of t i s s a s a , t pa tes r a i ac es t r l nt i or a i t
he m t nc
he s ue t t ke he r i ' el tve c s o e eva nf m ton, he

pa tes r our es t i
ri ' es c , he mpora e of t dicove y,a whehe t bur n of t dico r
tnc
he s r nd
t r he de
he s ve y
out i hst lkey be i.I i we le t ihe t tt co t mus empl a lbe alsanda d
we g he i l neft t s l sabls d ha he urs
t
oy i r t r
i kee ng w ih t pur e of t di c r r es Wr
n pi
t he pos
he s ove y ul . ange , 593 F.
n
supp 2d a 1
t 278.H owe r
ve ,

13

Rul 26b ( )e au t sd s o ey t r u h ice s d r la c o t ec mmo sns c n e to
e ( )1 v lae ic v r h o g n r a e ein e n h o n e e o c p f
pr tona iy. n ReFt/ t Aiba Pr Li .Lii ,No.1 24009- 201 W L 1
opori lt I
zc z r g od. ab tg.
lf
4CV, 6
4601 at
43,

* ( D.Fl 201 ;Re e v Ph ii Cas RikRee i Gr p,No.1 8
2 S. a. 6) utr . yscans . s tnton ou
6- 0581- 201
CV, 7
W L 395242,( D. a. 7)
S. Fl 201 .
a. A pplcabl La Pe t ni t Cobl z Aere e s
i e w r ai nz o
ent
em nt

l or rt de e m i whe he t doc e s s
n de o t r ne
t r he um nt oughtby De e ntUSAA pur ua t is
f nda
s nt o t
fve s
i ubpoe duc s tcu a er lva a pr ri t t sca epur ua t Fe R.Ci P.
nas e e m r ee nt nd opo tonal o hi s
s nt o d.
v.

26( () t Cour mus l t Fl i c e1w r r ng s tlme agre nt smia t t
b)1 ,he
t t ook o orda as a egadi ete nt e me s i lr o he
a e m e a is i t s c s The e ag e m e s ohe r e r d t as Cobl z a e nt ,
gr e nt t s ue n hi a e. s r e nt, n ef re o
ent gr eme s
r c i d t rna e fo aFit Cic tc s oft s na Cobl zv Ame ian skrcy Co.
e e ve hei m r m
fh r ui a e he ame me,
ent .
rc
f
e z h o r h l h t n nue
o w Y r,41 F. d 1 5 ,1 6 ( t Ci.1 6 )3l Coblnt, te c u t ed ta a i s r r
fNe o k 6 2 0 9 0 3 5h r 9 9 . n

who ha çr f e t ha e' is i ur s defns ,l a ng is i ur d t d s o r s c ,'
d se us d o ndl ' t ns ed' e e e vi t ns e o t wn e our es'
hi

wa b u d byt etnnsofa n g tae fna c n e t u g n e trd a an tt ei u e I
s on
h e
e o itd i l o s n j d me t n ee g is h ns rd. d
Coblnt ag e ment a e vai a bi ng i Fl i
e z re
s r ld nd ndi n orda.Unied St e Fie I .Co.v Ha
t
ats r ns
. yden

Bo d dS o a eCo,9 0S 2 6 6 6 0 91( a 4h D. A. 0 6 .
n e tr g . 3 o. d 8 , 9 - F1. t C. 2 0 )
Thus i a Coblnt a ee e , a i tr wil be bound t t s tlm e
, n
e z gr m nt n nsler l
o he e te nt

a re n/o s n j d me t e oitdb t e a i u e a dacama t ee 1 d ma e ae
g e me tc n e t u g n n g tae ewe n n ns rd n li n wh r ) a g s r
c v rd b te p lc 2 te i u e wr ng ul r f s d t d f n ;a d 3 te s tlme ti
o ee y h oiy; ) h ns rr o fly eu e o ee d n ) h ete n s
ra o a l a d ma e i g o fih.S e Wr n n 5 3 F. p 2 a 1 78 (iig Ch ma v
es n be n
d n o d at e a ge , 9 su p d t 2 ctn o t .
Norhe n I .Co.o w Yor ,91 So. 535,538 ( a.3r D. A.2006) s e Unie St e
t r ns
fNe
k 9 2d
F1 d C.
;e
td ats
FieI .Co. 930 So. a 690- Gala rv.Du ,918 So. 342,3 ( a.5h D. A.
r ns ,
2d t 91; lghe
pont
2d
49 F1 t C.
2005).
)
3Pur uan t Bonnerv Prc a d 6 F 2 1 6 1 0 ( lhCi.l 81, piin o teFit Cic iise p iro
s to
.
ih r, 61 . d 20 , 2 9 1 t r 9 )o no s fh fh rut su d ro t
Ocobe 1 1 1 a ebi ngpr cede i t El nt Cicui.
t r , 98 , r ndi e nt n he eve h r t

14

W he e a i ur wr uly r f e t de e isi ur d, he i ur d' la lt ha be
r n ns er ongf l e us s o f nd t ns e t ns e s ibiiy s en
e tbls d by t s tlm e a t i ur rma notl trr ltga et s is Aher v Od s y
sa ihe
he ete nt nd he ns e y
ae e ii t hi s ue.
n . ys e

Re ( n o ) Lt ,7 8 S 2 3 9 3 ,( a Dit Ct App 2 01;s e as I .a 3 3 (po
Lo d n d. 8 o. d 6 , 71 Fl. s. . . 0 ) e lo d t 7 u n
r f s lt p o d a d fns ,t y sy (h is r r l tisc a c t ltg t te fcu lis e
e u a o r vie ee e s se t e n u e) os t h n e o iiae h a t a su s
od
s r
uroundi dut br a h,a pr m ae c a i t twe e pi t lt t uli ae r ol i of
ng y, e c nd oxi t aus ton ha r vo a o he tm t es uton

Ah an scams' . is r rc n o r iea yd fn et apanifscam i t ep n i c s
e r ' li .) An n u e a n t as n te s o li tf li n h e dng a e
'
t ts d ha be ried i t undel ng a ton.Wr n 593 F. 2d a 1 (ii
ha houl ve en as n he
ryi ci
ange ,
supp t 278 ctng
Galagh ,91 So. a 347).
l er 8 2d t )

Ho v r wh r a ij rd pat wihe t rc v ru de a Cobe t a re n ,t e
we e, ee n n u e ry s s o e o e n r
lnz g e me t h
cli a mus silde
am nt t tl monsr t a prm af ci s
ta e i a e howi t tt a e m e i r as bl a m a
ng ha he gr e nt s e ona e nd de
i good f t (e n t
n
aih, tve hough t uli t bur n ofpr wilr s wih t c ri r' I a 1
he tma e de
oof l e t t he a re . d. t 279
'

( tngChomat 91 So.2da 538( i Stl v.Fl i Ph cans' ns Re pr al 448 So.
cii
, 9
t
quotng el orda ysii I . ci oc ,

2 5 9 5 2 ( a 2 d D. A.1 8 )) Th s rq rme t e s r ta te stlme to l bit
d 8 , 9 Fl. n C. 9 4 ). e e e uie ns n u e h t h ete n f i l y
a i
a a oun of dn a
nd m t
m ges a e a o it i r l i t t sr ngt of a pl i ifs cli
r ppr pra e n eaton o he te h
antf
a m,
es cily whe e an i ur m a ne rbe oblga e t pa a hasltl t l e i s si a e
pe a l
r
ns ed y ve
i t d o y nd
ite o os f he tpult s
t alr s tlmen fg ewih t pli if Si
o a ge e te t i ur t he antf . dman v Tr e e s Ca t and Sur t 841F.3d
. av l r sual
y
ey

11 1 ( 1hCi.201 (ii Stl,448So. a 59 .
97, 202 1 t r 6) ctng el
2d t 2)
I Fl i , t t s a t whet r t s tl m en a ee ent i r as
n or da he e t s o
he he e te t gr m
s e onabl i ç ha a
e s û t
w

ras bl pr ntpes i t postonoft defnda ghei urr woul ha s tld fron
e ona y ude ron n he ii
he e nt t ns el
d ve ete o
t meisofpli ifscam.'
he rt
antf' li 'HomeI .Co.v Adv Machi Co.443 So. 1 1 ( a.
ns
. ance
ne ,
2d 65, 68 Fl
ltD. A.1983 .l dee ni whehe a s tlme i r s bl a Fl i c tc ier
s C.
) n tnni ng t r ete nt s ea ona e, orda our onsd s

no o l s h o j die fco sa t e e tn o panifsij re ,b tas C eti s b e tv
t ny uc b e v a t r s h x e t f litf n u is u lo t ran u j ci e
c
fdo s . icudn te d g e ofe rany oft et rf ao ' s be to t l bi t,ters o
a r . n l ig h e re e tit h o te s rs u j cin o i l y h iks f
.
a i

15

g i t til n t ec a c st a tej r v r i mi h e c e t estlme to fr'Ho I s
ong o ra a d h h n e h t h u y ed d g t x e d h e t n fe . me n .
e
'
Co, 43 S .d a 1 (iig Milr v S u a t 31 N. .d 7 9 7 t in.1 8 :.Th
.4 o2 t 68 ctn le . h g r, 6 W 2 2 , 35 M n 9 2
e
de e nai ofwhe he a s tlm e i r s bl i made by a t ea ona e pe s sa d,''
t nni ton
t r e te nt s ea ona e s
t s bl r on t ndar
r
a i us ly esa ihed by e r t si
nd s ual t bls
xpe t e tmony a
bouts m at r lke t e entofde e nts
uch te s i he xt
f nda '

la lt t r as blne soft da a s a
i biiy, he e ona e s
he m ge mounti c
n ompa ion wih a r i sm ia c s s
rs
t wa ds n i lr a e ,
a t e ns whih w o d ha be n r quie f de e ntt s tl t s t Chomat 91
nd he xpe e c
ul ve e e r d or f nda o ete he ui.
9
,
So.2d a 538.A co ts d l t t de e ofpr
t
ur houl ook o he gr e
obabiiy oft i ur d' s ce sa t
lt
he ns e s uc s nd he
sz of t pos i e r ove y i or r t detr i t r a ona e s of t s tl nt
ie
he
sbl ec r n de o e m ne he e s blne s
he e teme

a e nt Wr ge 593 F. 2d a 1 ( tngI pe ntFieI .Co.v Paulk ,633
greme . an n,
supp t 279 cii nde nde r ns
. e as
So.2d 1111 1 4 ( a.3r D. A.1
, 11 Fl d C. 994:.
l addto t ma ng a prm a f ci s
n
ii n o ki
i a e howi o r s na e s t pli ifmus a s
ng f ea o bl nes , he a ntf
t lo
m a a prm af i s
ke
i ace howi ofgood f ih.Chomat 91 So.2d a 538.l de e ng a i tt s
ng
at
, 9
t
n f ndi gans hi

prma f ci ca e ofgood f ih,a de e ntc n al ge bad f ih,whih i ude f le cl m sor
i a e s
at
f nda a le
at
c ncl s a s ai
C oluson' i whih t pli if ag ee t s r t r ove y wih t i ur Ba f t
s l i 'n
c
c he antf r s o ha e he ec r
t he ns ed. d aih

'n ov ljt eu d ry n fcso t ec s . 1
û v le s h n eli g a t f h a e' d.
i
'

I Wr n n p an ifW rn e s e h se ly r Omir n S p is I c, o ij re h
n a ge , litf a g n u d i mpo e , co u pl ,n .f r nu is e
e
s f r d i i gl f e whie a wor Om ir n was i ur by def nda Pe ms va a
ufe e nhalng ue um s
l t k.
co
ns ed
e nt r yl ni

Lu e me s M uu ll s rn e a te tme o te ij r ,b tLu r n d n e t cam.
mb r n
ta n u a c t h i f h nu y u mbeme s e id he li
W r ng n s d Om i o i sae c t a uli ae y s tl d t s ae s t f $4. milo
a e ue
cr n n t t our nd tm t l e te he tt ui or 5 li n.
Pur ua t a Coblnt ag e m e ,Om ir as i d is cl m s a ca e of a tons a i t
s nt o
e z r e nt
c on sgne t ai nd us s
ci
gans
Lumbe m e t W r n, nd W r nge s d Lum be m e .The Unied St t sM a sr t J
r ns o ange a
a n ue
r ns
n
t
ae
gita e udge
Robi Ros nba hel t tLum be m e wa pe mit t i r i o t a t la ountoft
n
e um
d ha
r ns s r ted o nquie nt he c ua m
he
s tl e a w el a i s of la lt a ca a i dur ng di c r i o de t de er i t
e tem nt s l s s ues i biiy nd us ton i
s ove y n r r o t m ne he

16

r s blnes of t s tl nt ag e nt be wee W r nge a Om ir Wr
ea ona e s
he eteme
r eme
t n
a n nd
c on. angen 593
,

F.u p 2 a 1 7 M a itaeJ d eRosn u who i n w aj d e o t eElv n h Cic i
s p d t 2 9. gsrt u g
e ba m,
s o u g n h e e t r ut
Co tofAppe l ,r s d t i woul be difcul f a def nda t fnd e denc r r ng
ur
a s ea one hat t
d
fi t or
e nt o i vi e ega di
t is s underyi r a ona e s wihout la la t i rng i o t unde l ng f cs
he sue
l ng e s bl ne s t
st e s nquii nt he
ryi a t
c e i c us i a labiiy. I t 1
onc m ng a aton nd i lt ' d.a 280. J
'
udge Ros lm f
enbal ound t t i or ton
ha nf ma i
r r ng c us ton a la lt ha a diec
ega di a a i nd i biiy d
r tbea i on t is of r as blnes of t
rng
he s ue
e ona e s
he
s tl nta ee nt whi wa a es e i lis be or t c t I Thus t i or ton
eteme gr me , ch s n s nta s ue f e he our. d.
, he nf ma i
wa r l va a f lwihi t r al ofdic a e i or ton.1 Addii l t Co t
s e e nt nd el t n he e m
s over bl nf ma i d.
tonaly, he ur
hel t i o m a i r r ng labiiy and ca ai alo bor o t es e i elm e ofgood
d hat nf r ton ega di i lt
us ton s
e n he s ntal e nt
f ih,a t r f e s r ed asa he ba i f r e
at nd he e or e v
not r ss or elvanc oft i onna i unde t dic r
y he nf
ton
r he s ove y

r es I
ul . d
b. The Pr i v of Di co r i o t Set l m e Azr e e i t s C a e
opr et
s ve v nt he te nt
e m nt n hi s

Pli tf a gue t t e n t
a n if r s ha ve hough di c r was pe te i Wr
s ove y
nnit d n ange t dic y
n, he s over
s htby Def nda USAA i t sca e s d notbe a l d.Pli ifa guest tt i tnt
oug
e nt
n hi s houl
lowe
a ntf r
ha he nsa
c e dif r fom Wr
as fe s r
angen be us t pari i Wr
ca e he tes n ange de e mi d t n
n t r ne he mountofdama i
ges n
t unde l ng lws tt ough ne i ton,a nott oug t pr s nt ton of e de e t a
he
ryi a ui hr
gotai
nd
hr h he e e a i
vi nc o
ne tala bir t r Pli ifa gue t tbec us t a r ofda
u r r ta o . antf r s ha
a e he wa d
mage i t sca ewasdee mi
s n hi s
t r ned
by a ne r la bir t ,a lt doc e ss
uta r ta or l he um nt oughtby Defnda USAA i is fve s
e nt
n t i ubpoe s a e
na r
ir lva a out i t s ope ofdicove y bec us oft Ss lt a e or a e naur of
ree nt nd sde he c
s r
a e he i na iy nd nf ce bl t e
t

anabir i awad. Schnur erHol ng,I v Nore 5 So.2d 1 ( a.1 9)
r taton r '
'
mach
di nc. . iga, 42
327 Fl 98 .
TheCour hasc r f l consde ed Pl ntf sa g e a ha r viwe t Se te e
t
a e uly
i r
ai if r um nt nd s e e d he tlm nt
nt ve f ce t
A gr e e a i s 4 H ow e r Pl ntf s a gum e , e n i ac p ed by t Co t w oul onl
e m nt t s ue.
ve , ai i f r
he ur ,
d y

pe ti t t is ofda a s.The a bir t di notdee mi whe he Hende s wa la e
ran o he s ue
m ge
r ta or d
t r ne
t r
r on s ibl
4TheSetlm e Agr m en i f unda DE 1 8.
te nt ee t s o
t
0-

f t a ci nt The a bir t a s di no dim isM uns fom t aci n.The a bir t di
or he c de .
r ta or l o d t s s
on r he to
r ta or d

n td tr n t a He des nwo l ha en p ro a l bit f rteutmaej dg n e trd
o eemi e h t n ro ud v o e s n l i l y o h li t u me t n ee
a i
a ns hi or t t i woul no be r c de The ar taor mer l r ed on t a
gai t m
ha t
d t
e or d.
bir t
ey ul
he mount of
da a s
m ge .

The e or i wo d s e t t a a mi mum ,De e ntUSAA i e il t dico r
r f e t ul e m ha t
ni
f nda
s ntted o s ve y
i o t la lt agr e e w hi h i s m ia ,a l as i pa t t a Cobl z a e m e . s i s
nt he i biiy e m nt c s i l r t e t n r , o
ent gr e nt Thi s o

be us He r on co en e t la lt when he en e e i o t ag e m e w ih Pl ntf.l
ca e nde s
ns t d o i biiy
t r d nt he r e nt t ai if n
t t a ee nt He r on as co en e t s i t bi ng ar tai bef e a sngl
ha gr me , nde s
lo ns t d o ubm t o ndi
bir ton or
i e
a bir t t de e net amountofdn a s butonl on t c ton t tPl ntf t r e t
r taor o t nni he
m ge ,
y
he ondii ha ai if s e d o
ag
e ut t Fi lJ m e a i tUSAA i t eve t tt Cour de e ne t tUSAA '
xec e he na udg nt ga ns
n he nt ha he
t t nni d ha
S

de a ofc r gewa l ly i o r r t rt n a i tHe s n. @ 1- pgs 1 1
nil ove a
s egal mprpe , ahe ha gans ndero ' DE 2, . 0, 22'

21
5.
I t i t ntca e,t ag ee e e e e i o by Pl i if a He r on doesco a n
n he nsa
s he r m nt ntr d nt
antf nd nde s
nt i
e e e s of a t c l Cobl nt ag ee e lke t a e m e a i s i Wr
l m nt
ypi a
e z r m nt i he gr e nt t s ue n angen. But t
he

a e m e i t i t ntca e ha a a d wrnkl - t us ofa sngl ar taort dee m i
gr e nt n he nsa
s s n dde i e he e
i e bir t o tr ne
da
mage a tr t pa tes entr i o a Ct:/ nf/ibiiy-ype agr me .The prmar f cor
s fe he ri
e ed nt
l e z la lt t
ee nt
i y at
whih dif e i t t i t nt a e nt fom a t pial Cobl z agr e e i t pa te
c fer ntaes he nsa gr eme r
y c
ent
e m nt s he ris'

de ii t ha t is of da a
c son o ve he sue
m ges de ded by one a bir t a a bi ng a bir ton
ci
r ta or t
ndi r ta i
pr e ng.Alhough t sditnc i i not wo t t Cour fndst tt sditnc i doe not
oce di
t
hi si ton s e rhy, he
t i ha hi si ton s
nec s a iy i m uni e or i ul t t unde l ng agr e e f om D e e
e s rl m
z
ns a e he
r yi
e m nt r
f ndan ' r ue t f
t s eq s or
di co r
s ve y.
The ke i s i whe he t di c r s ugh i r l va a pr
y s ue s
t r he s ove y o t s e e nt nd opor i l unde Rul
tona
r
e

26( ( ) Fl i ca elw defnest i r i ot tras blnes'ofaCoblnt a e me
b)1. orda s a
i he nquiy nt he se ona e s'
e z gre nt

18

a n tlmie t j s t ea ta a u to tes tlme t b t omo eb o dy icu et ed xe t
s o i td o u t h cu l mo n f h ete n , u t r r a l n l d h t tn
e
oft dee tsla lt ' Wr
he fndan ' ibiiy. angen 593F. 2da 1 ( tngChomat91 So. a 5 )
'
,
supp t 279 cii
, 9 2d t 38 .
Theeor i or ton and dic y pe t ni t He ron' la lt ornon-ibiiy (nd
rf e, nf mai
s over rai ng o nde s s ibiiy
la lt a

Mu o s la l y o no l bit ) r g r i g t e b aig a cde t dr cl be r o t e
ns n' ibit r n-i l y e ad n h o tn c i n ie ty a s n h
i
a i
r as blnes a good f ih of He ron' ag ee e wih Pl i if Li t i ur r i
e ona e s nd
at
nde s s r m nt t antf . ke he ns e n
Wr ge USAA i e ild t di c r r r ng t e f c s whi gi rs t He s s
an n,
s ntte o s ove y ega di hos a t
ch ve ie o nderon'
a lge la lt f t ac i nt Thus a a a li or ton r a i t t al ge la lt of
le d i biiy or he c de .
, ny nd l nf ma i eltng o he le d i biiy
M r He r on i r l va a pr tona a i noti uni d ori ult d fom dico y
. nde s s e e nt nd opori l nd s
mm ze
ns a e r
s ver
m er l be us t pa te a e d t s bm i dn a s t a a bir t .A ddii na l pr or t t
e y ca e he ri s gr e o u t m ge o n r t a or
t o ly, i o he

a bir ton,t pa te a e d t dim isM uns n fom t s t USA A i entted t i r i o
r tai he ri s gr e o s s
o r he ui.
s il o nquie nt
t good f ih a r a ona e s of t s a ee
he
at nd e s bl nes
hi gr mentas wel,a i t t f c or r ltng t
l nd n o he a t s ea i o
M uns s la lt ornon-i lt Furhe mor ,USAA i alo e ild t dic y r a e t
on' ibiiy
labiiy. t r e
s s ntte o s over elt d o
t dec son t at nd bi ng mediton bef r a sngl ar taorand t pa tes s l c i oft
he ii o te
ndi
ai
o e i e bir t
he ri ' e e ton he
a bir t .The agr e e t go t a sngl a bir t wa a de ii i l
r taor
e m nt o
o i e r taor s
c son ncuded i t a e m e
n he gr e nt
wher He s a it d la lt Thi dec son,cla l no madeby an a bir t r i pa ta
e nderon dm te i biiy. s ii
e ry t
r ta o , s r nd
pa c of t s tl e a e m e be w e n Pl i t f a H e
r el he e tem nt gr e nt t e a n if nd nder on,a U SA A i entted t
s
nd
s il o

i r i o t good f ih a r as blnes oft de i i t s i t a bir ton bef e a
nquie nt he
at nd e ona e s he c son o ubm t o r ta i
or
sngl a bir t r a w e last s l c i oft a bir t .
i e r ta o , s l he e e ton he r t a or

The e or USAA i e ild t any dic r de aii Pli if a Hende s s
r f e,
s ntte o
s ove y t lng a ntf nd
r on'
de son t e e i o a bir i and t s e ton ofM a rx M editon,LLC,a J mesM uns y,
cii o nt r nt r taton
he elc i
ti
ai
nd n
e
Es ast i a bir or U SAA i al o e il d t di c r i o f t w hi h underi t la lt of
q. he r r tat .
s s ntte o s ove nt ac s c
le he i biiy

He r on a M uns a i o how t a r e e a is i t sca e wasr a he bewee
nde s nd
on nd nt
he g e m nt t s ue n hi s
ec d t n
Pl n if Hende s a M uns Thi i onl f i,e pecaly i a c e whe e da a sexc ed
aitf ,
r on, nd
on. s s y ar s i l n as
r m ge
e

19

eght milo dola s.The Cour i not goi t hn srng De e nt USA A fom ptr ui
i
li n
lr
ts
ng o m ti
f nda
r
ls ng
dicove y i o whehe t s tlm e be we n Pl ntf a He r on wasr as bl , i good
s r nt
t r he ete nt t e ai if nd nde s
e ona e n

fih o as a Th sv r welma b a is e t b d cd d b aj y i t i c s a d tu
at, r h m. i e y l y e n su o e e ie y ur n h s a e n h s
rm tr
antf nd nde s s e teme
r e nt he
di co r i a o i t 5Thepa a ee sofPli ifa He r on' s tl ntag e m e , t
s ve y s ppr pr a e.
f c s unde l ng t s tl men a r e e ,i l ng t dim is l of M uns , t f c s a
at
ryi he ete t g e m nt ncudi he s s a
on he a t nd
cr umsa sunde l ng He s a M uns sal ge la lt , t agr e e t pr edt
ic tnce
ryi
nderon nd
on' le d ibiiy he e m nt o oce o

a bir to be or a sngl a bir t ,a t s e ton of t a bir t , are a1 r evant and
r tai n f e i e r ta or nd he elc i
he r ta or
1 el
pr tonala ea ofdic r
opori
r s
s ove y.
c W he her D e e
.
t
f ndant U SA A i Ent ted t Di c ve i o t D am ac Aw ar
s
il o s o a nt he
e
d
E nt e atA r t at on
er d
bir i

The Cour mus ne dee m i whehe De e nti e il d t a d s ove y i o t
t t xt t r ne
t r f nda s ntte o ny i c r nt he
f dsunde l ng t m or t n e g m ilon dola dn a a r e er d by t a bir t . The
a
ryi he
e ha i ht li
l r m ges wa d nt e
he r taor
pa te de son t ha t a
ris' cii o ve he mountofdn a sde e m i d by t a bir t i notnor l pa t
m ge t r ne
he r ta or s
maly r

of a t pi lCoblnt a ee t Thi i whe e t a e nt i t s c s dif s fom t ta
y ca
e z gr men . s s
r he gr eme n hi a e fer r ha t
is i Wr
s ue n ange The a e
n.
gr emen i t s c e a a s t be s ehi of a hybrd Cobl nt
t n hi as ppe r o
om t ng
i
e za bir ton a ee nt Tha i,t is oft la lt ofHe r on,t as i
r ta i gr me . t s he s ue he ibiiy
nde s he sgnme ofrgh sby
nt i t

He d ro a d t e a re n b Plitf t n t atmp t c le t t e j d me t fo
n es n, n h g e me t y anif o o te t o o lc h u g n r m
He ron,a e a lpa tof a t ca Coblnt ag ee t butt s
nde s
r l r
ypi l
e z r men ,
he ubmi son of da a s t a
si
m ge o n
a bir t i not N e t r t pa tes nor t Cour ha f t d a ca e i t di cove y c ext
r t a or s . ihe he r i
he
t ve o m
s n he s
r ont

die ty on poi t s h a hybrd t pe ofag e m e .The ef e t is ofwhe he U SAA i
rcl
nt o uc
i y
r e nt
r or , he s ue
t r
s
e ild t a 1oft dicove y i s ekspur uantt t fve s
ntte o 1
he s r t e
s
o he i ubpoena ,i udi t doc e s
s ncl ng he um nt
5FO e a l yn Ji zv Go 'EmplyesIs Co, 1F. p' 8 0( 1hCi. 01 ) tejr wa p ee td
r x mpe i mene
vt o e n . .65 Ap x 5 1 t r 2 6 ,h u y s rs ne
wi t is e: l Wheh rd fn a tGEI a td i ba fih a 2 Wheh rt e c n e tj d me twa
t wo su s ) te ee d n
h
CO ce n d at, nd ) te h o s n u g n s
.

r as
e onabl i amounta nott ntd by bad fih,fa orc l i orwihoutany efor t mi mie labiiy. I
en
nd
ai e
at r ud, oluson
t
f t o ni z i lt d

a 8 2. ej r a s rdtefrtq eto d e ' a dt s c n q eto ,t o'a dte eo etn lu g n wa
t 5 Th uy n wee h is u sin t s' n he e o d u sin t ' n h rfr i a j d me t s
y
n
e e e i f orofGEI 1 Ji ne e mplfe why Def ntUSAA s d be a f dedbr d dic y i o
ntr d n av
CO. d me z xe iis
enda
houl
for
oa s ovel nt
t u l ngs tlme a e me s t i ca f l de e is fandar iscas beor t tiroffct
he nderyi ete nt gr e nt o hat t n uly f nd tel
gue t e f e he re a .

20

s bmitd t t a bir t t de e mi t a
u te o he r taor o t r ne he mountof da
mage ,a
s ppea s t be a is of frt
r o
n s ue is
i pr s i
m e s on.

Thecr x ofPli if sa gum e f apr eci or rr sson t pr ii t tUSAA
u
antf r
nt or ot tve de e t
he oposton ha
s d notbepe mit t o ai a oft doc e ss
houl
r ted o bt n ny he um nt oughti isfve s
n t i ubpoe duc st c
nas e e um
be us a a bir ton a r t s fna a ca
ca e n r ta i wa d d i l nd nnot be c lt r l at c d by U SAA,' a
i
ola e aly ta ke
' nd
t r o edocume sr a i t t a bir ton pr e ng a e ir l ntt t scas Se DE 25,
he ef r
nt eltng o he r ta i
oc edi r r eeva o hi e. e
pgs 3- Be aus t da a po ton oft a r wa s it d t a bir ton,Pli ifa g s
. 4. c e he m ges ri
he wa d s ubm te o r ta i
antf r ue
t tCob e zt pe dic y i i r s i e Pl ntf ar st tt a r i fna a c nnot
ha
l nt y
s over s mpe misbl . ai if gue ha he wa d s i l nd n

b c lae al atc e b US i t i pr c e ig.( 2 ,pg 5 .Al o g i i t e t a
e o ltrl t k d y AA n h s o e dn DE 5 . ) t u h t s nz h t
y a
h
De e nt USAA i not s eki t s tasde t a bir t ' a r i t s ca e a r vi w of
f nda
s
e ng o e i he r ta ors wa d n hi s , e e
Fl i 1 w on s t i as de an a bir ton a a d m a be he pf lt a s s t Cour i r c ng a
orda a
e tng i
r ta i w r
y
l u o s i t he
t n ea hi

de ii n as t wha di c r i o t da a a r e e ed a t a bir ton,i any, i
c so
o
t s ove y nt he m ges wa d nt r t he r ta i
f
s
a opra ei t sc
ppr it n hi omplcaed dic y diput
i t s over s e.

Th u h rr ,fn labtain a r sa es mei ss be tt s r tn .Flrd Rueo
o g ae i a r irto wa d r o tme u j c o c ui y o ia l f
Cii Pr c d r 15 ( )3 p o d sta ac u tma r le eap ry fo afn l u g n f r
vl o e u e .40 b ( ) r vie h t o r y eiv a t r m i a j d me t o
t r s of d r ud,mir pr s nt i or ot mi c
he ea on
ta
f
se e e aton,
her s onduc of a a r e pa t ' Howe r
t
n dve s ry.'
ve ,

S e e ofa bir ton pr e ngsi exte e y lm ie ' Dav por v Di tiev c 857 So.2d
k viw
r
r ta i oce di s r m l i t d.
' en t . mirj i ,

957,961( a Dit Ct App.2003) A c tma notsta i a a birtona dexc ptupon
F1. s. .
. our y
e sde n r tai war e
t e gr
hos ounds s tf t i Fl i Stt e j 68 134) The saut saest ta cour ts l
e orh n orda aut
2. 1.
tt e tt ha
t thal
vac t ' a a bir ton a a d i t a a d w as pr e by c r i f aud, or ot r undue
a e ' n r t a i w r f he w r
ocur d
or upton, r
he
m e ns ori t e w a e de pa ta iy,c nl i orm i c
a , f her s vi nt ri lt or pton,
s onduc by t ar ta or
t he bir t .

Se r cours ha al d lmied dico r i o a unde l ng a bir ton i t r i
ve al
t ve lowe i t
s ve y nt n
ryi r ta i f he e s
bi s or micond t a lge on t e par of t a bir t .I Anteam I
a
s uc le d
h
t he r ta or n
it
ndus,I . v M or
. nc .
gan

21

Ke ga & Co,No.6:2- 1 0 ORL-6
e n
1 CV- 25 3 TBS,2 2 W L 45 3 63 a 1 ( . F a Oc.2
01
1 7 , t* M D. l. t ,
201 ,Unie SttsM a srt J
2) td ae gitae udge Tho B.Smih alowe a defndantt s poe a1
mas
t l d
e
o ub na 1
doc e s c er ng t ( ont nt of t a bir t fl s..ncl ng b not lmie t al
um nt onc ni he ç e s
c
he r ta or ie .i udi ut
i td o l
a bir t r dic os es a bir t r a i to , r s
r ta o
s l ur , r ta o pplcai ns e umes ba kgr
, c ound i or ai
nf m ton, co lc
niit

if r to ,gn )ba ds l s r s' ft a btao a sg e t teu d ryngabtaina r
n o main a d is ico u e 'o he r i t r sin d o h n e li r irto wa d
r
a is i t ca e J
t s ue n he s . udge Sm ih f
t ound t t r que t i or ton was r e n t
hat he e sed nf ma i
elva t o
Def ntsmoton t va a e t e a bir ton a r bec us t i or ton ç a t nd t s
enda '
i o c t h r tai wa d a e he nf ma i t y e o how
m
t toneoft a bir t sf ie t dicl eorm ir pr e e i or i whih be e upon hi
ha
he r ta or a ld o s os
s e es nt d nf maton c ar d
s

n ur ly'i te u d ryn a btai . d.a 2 S e as Admi. s.Cou i 1o l.O te
e tai ' n h n e lig r i ton 1 t ; e lo
t
r
n Dit ncl fll f h

I ' Uno o Brc lye sa dAlid Crh-Wo k r,AFL O v Ma o r Co,I c No.1 C
nt in f ika r n le a
l
r es
-C1 . s n y . n x
2
233,201 W L 1831 4 ( D.11 M a 18,201 (e ogni ng t rg ofapa t t de ea
2
45 N. 1. y
2) r c zi he iht
ry o pos n
abir t i lm ied cic sa es s l ng ast e m i ton doe notq si t c r cne s
r taor n i t r um t nc , o o
he xa na i
s
ue ton he ore t s

oft de iin)
he cso .
H owe , i Raz ano v. Sentne f ' C0. N o. 2: cv- 41 FTM ver n
z
i l ns
. ,
12- 1 29DN F, 201 W L
2

1 91 0 6 a * ( . Fl.Oc.2 ,2 2 Untd S ae M a itae J g Do g a N.F a ir
2 6 5 , t 1 M D. a t 9 01 ) ie tts g sr t ud e u ls r ze
pr cl d an i ur r fom de i t ar taor who i s
e ude
ns e r
posng he bir t
s ued t a r i t unde l ng
he wa d n he
ryi
diput The ca e ar e whe de enda Se i l a a omobie i ur nc c r ir ale dl
s e.
s os
n f nt ntne , n ut
l ns a e a re , lge y
br a d is c r twih pl i ifRa a t i ur d,by f ii t i mniy Ra za whe
e che t ontac t antf zz no, he ns e
alng o nde f z no
n
he wa i ve i an a omobie a de wih t W at r .I The W a tr s Ra a i
s nvol d n
ut
l cci nt t he le s d.
le s ued zz no n
s a e c t a t pa-i s a e t a bir ton,w he e Raz no a ee t pur ue Se i on
t t our nd he l e gr ed o r t a i
t
r
za
gr d o
s
ntnel
be l of hi s l a t W aler t r c r t i ur nc pr e a l gedl due t Raz no
ha f
m e f nd he
t s o e ove he ns a e oce ds le y
o
za

u rhi Se i li ur l polc 1 The a bir t ,Ronal M .Fredma Es ,e e e a
nde s ntne ns awe i y. d.
r ta or
d
i
n, q. nt r d n
a bir ton a a d c i m i Raz no w a labl f t a i nt a a a d ng da a t t
r t a i w r ontr ng
za
s i e or he cc de nd w r i
m ges o he

22

W ale s Sen i s r d t ar ta or wih a notc of de ii i or r t dic r i t
tr . tnel e ve he bir t
t
ie
poston n de o s ove f he
a bir ton wa bi ng or non- ndi bec e i cai
r tai
s ndi
bi ng, aus t l med t t i t ar tato was nonha f he bir i n
bi di t n Ra ano' la lt wa e t ihe t ough a s tlm e a e men , a t
n ng, he
zz
i biiy s sabls d hr
e te nt gr e t nd he

s tlm e a e m e mus ber a ona eand i good f t f J
ete nt gr e nt t e s bl
n
aih. #. udge Fr zirf und t tt swa
a e o
ha hi s
nota k e ly s fce r a on t de e't a bir t .J Se i lf ie t 4al ge one oft
t ga l ufi int e s o pos ' he r taor J. ntne al d o tle
l
he
lmie cr um sa s s h as bi s or i pa taiy whi h wo d m a t de ii of t
i t d ic tnce uc
a
m rilt
c
ul
ke he poston
he
a bir t r a opra e. 1 J
r t a o ppr i t ' d. udge Fr i al o not d t tSe i had t he a
'
az er s
e ha ntnel
s r venue a l e t
ot
s vaiabl o

i wihouthavi t de ean a bir t t dico ri t ar ta i .wa bi ng. 1 W hiei
t t
ng o pos
r taor o s ve f he bir ton.. s ndi ' d. l t
'
i cl a t tdi ti tc t have a l e nar ow di c r i o t a bir ton pr s whe t r
s e r ha sr c our s
low d r
s ove y nt he r t a i
oce s
n he e

i a a opra e l lbassf unde ni a va tng a a bir ton a r a c twilnot
s n ppr it ega
i or
nni ng nd ca i n r ta i wa d, our l
alow a pa t t dico ri t t e pe s
l
ry o s ve n o h r onalo e va i a t
bs r tons nd hough pr s s oft a bir t r
t oces e
he r ta o

wi o ts fiin j siiain. eFl. tt j 2.3 9U. C. 0 a.
t u u fce t u tfc t Se a S a. 68 1 ; S. j1 ()
h
o
d. Ar t al I m univ-bir m
t The Lanzuaze a Le satve I e of Fl St 1
nd zil i nt nt
a. at
682.
051

Pli ifaguest t i Fl i abirtoni i
antf r
ha,n orda, r tai s mmunefom dico r andt tFl Stt j
r
s vey
ha a. a.
682. r r t therM o i f Pr ec i O r rbe g a ed.
051 equies ha
ton or ot tve de
r nt

Fl Stt j68 051prvi t t
a. a. 2.
o des ha:
() An abir orora abir ton or ni ton a tng i t c pa iy i i
1
r tat
n r tai ga zai ci n hat a ct s mmune fom cvi
r il
la ii t t es mee tn a aj d eo ac u t ft ssaea tn i aj diil a a i
iblt o h a x e t s u g f o r o hi tt cig n u ca c p ct
y
y.
( Thei
2)
mmuniyafor dunde t ss ci s e nt anyi
t f de
r hi e ton upplme s
mmuniyunde ot rlw.
t
r he a
( The fiu eofa abir t t ma a dicos e rquie bys 682. doe notc us
3)
alr
n r taor o ke s l ur e rd
. 041 s
a e
a l sofi uniyunde t ss to
ny os
mm t
r hi eci n.

( ) l aj d ca,a mi srtv ,o smia p o e dn ,a ab tao o rp e e ttv o a
4 n u iil d nitaie r i lr r c e ig n r irt r r e r sn aie f n
a bir to o gani ton i notcompe e t t tf a ma no be r quie t pr
r tai n r zai s
t nt o esiy, nd y t
e r d o oduce
r or as t a s a e e ,c
ec ds o ny t t m nt onduc ,dec son,or nzi oc rng durng t a bir ton
t
ii
lng cur i
i he r t a i

p o e dng t t s me e tn a aj d e ofa c u to ti sae a tn i aj d ca
r c e i , o he a x e t s u g
o r f h s tt cig n u iil
c pa t Thi s ec i doe nota y:
a ciy. s ubs ton s
ppl

23

a. To t e e nec s a y t de e m i t cai of an a bir t r ar tai n
he xt nt e s r o t r ne he l m
r ta o , bir to
o gani to orr pr e a i oft a bir i or ni a i agans apa t t t
r zai n, e es nt tve he r taton ga z ton i t ry o he
ar tai pr edi ,
bir ton oce ng'
or

To a he i on a moton t vac t a a r unde s 68 1 1()or( i t
arng
i o ae n wad
r . 2.3( )a
b) f he
mova esa ihesprma f c et ta g ound f va tng t a r exit.
nt t bls
i a i ha r
or ca i he wa d s s

( l a peron co
5) f
s
mmenc a cvi acin agans a ar taor abir i or ani ton,or
es i l to
i t n birt , r taton g zai
r pr s nt i ofa a bir ton or ni a i a ii fom t s r i s of t a bir t ,
e e e atve
n r ta i
ga z ton rsng r he e vce
he r ta or
or ni a i or r e e ai or i a pe s s e t co pel a a bir t r or a
ga z ton,
epr s nt tve
f
r on e ks o m
n r ta o
r pr e a i ofa a bir ton or zai n t t tf orpr e r cor i vi ai n of
e es nt tve
n r tai
gani to o esiy
oduc e ds n olto

s bscin ( ) a d t e c u td cd s t tt e a btao ,a btai n o g n z to o
u e to 4 , n h o r e ie ha h r i t r r i to r a iain, r
r
r
r pr s nt i of a ar ta i o ga zai i i une fom ci l la lt or t tt
e e e atve
n bir ton r ni ton s mm
r
vi i biiy
ha he
a bir ororr pr s nt tve oft or z ton i notc
r tat
e e e ai
he gania i s
ompe e t t tf t c ts l
t nt o esiy, he our ha l
a d t t e a bir t r or ni to orr pr s nt tve r s bl a t ne f esand ot
war o h r t a o , ga za i n, e e e a i ea ona e tor y e
her
r a ona ee
e s bl xpens ofltga i
es ii ton.
The saut ma t t t a ar taor a a a bir ton or ni ai m a notbe r quie t
t t e ndaes ha n bir t nd n r tai
ga z ton y
e rd o
t tf orpr
es iy
oduc c t i s cii r or co c e t a ar t a i pr edi Thos s cii
e era n pe t c ec ds nne t d o n bir ton oce ng.
e pe f c

r c ds a e i ntted i t sat e as S ny sa e t conduc ,de son,or r i occ rng
e or r de ii n he t ut
t
a t t men ,
t cii
ulng
uri

d rn t eabi ainp o e dn , otes mee tn a aj d eo ac u t ti saea tngi a
u ig h r t to r c e ig t h a x e t s u g f o r of h s tt ci n
r

j d ca c pa iy'e c p t tee tn n c sayt d tr n tecam o a ab tao a an ta
u iil a ct , x e t o h x e t e e s r o eemie h li f n r irt r g is
'
pa t t t abirton ort a he rng on amoton t va aean a r Fl Stt j 682. 4 .
ry o he r tai
o ai
i o ct
wa d. a a.
0514)
Prort t ena
i o he dmen oft ssaut Fl i pr vi d af m ofa bir li muniy t a bir t s
t hi t t e, orda o de or
r ta m
t o r ta or ,

a wel a meditr a me aortane . Fl Stt Ann.j44.07.TheFl i Le saur
s ls
ao s nd dit ri es See a. a.
1
orda gilt e
c e td j 68 051 i 201 when i l g y a e t pr sonsoft 2000 r vii oft
r ae
2. n 3
t arel doptd he ovii
he
e son he
Unionn Ar tatonAc (i
f
bir i
tç
RUAA') asa ove byt Nai Confr eofCommisones
', ppr d he tonal eenc
si r
on Unio St t La .Fl i St f Ana yss S. 530,3/ / 3.Se i n 1 of t RUAA
f nn a e ws orda a f
l i, B.
15 201
cto 4
he

e ansi i llnguag t Fl Sttj68 051.Thedr fe s c
onti dentca a
e o a. a
2.
atr ' omme t t spr sonsaes
nt o hi ovii tt
t t a bir l i m uniy a ies f om t çf to l co pa abiiy of t r e of a bir or a
ha r ta m
t rs r
he tunc i na m r lt
he ol
r tat s nd

j d e . Uni. btainAc ( 0 )j 1 c .l Th c mme tea o ae :
u g s' fAr irto t 20 0 4, mt . e o n lb rts
'
l n a ton t t gr of i m uniy f om a c vi a t o ar ta or a e al o ge a l
l ddii o he ant m
l
t r
i l c i n, bir t s r s ner ly

a c r e i nt fo p o e swh n s b o n e o s mmo e t tsiy i aj dca
c o d d mmu iy r m r c s e u p e a d r u n d o etf n u iil

pr e di i a c s a i i fom t r s r ce as a bir t .See e g.Andr Compani
oc e ng n a e rs ng r
hei e vi
r t a or
,
os
a
.

M a ii v Mar Ri 579F. 691( Ci.1 ,Gr ig v FoodMac ( Chem.
rtma . c ch,
2d
2d r 978) amln .
.
h. f
24

Cop. 1 F. S p 8 3 ( . S. 1 5 ) Ths f l i
r , 51
u p. 5 W D. C. 9 7 . i ul mmunt fo a y cvl
i rm n ii
y
pr ee ngsi wha i ende byt l
oc di s t nt d he angua i j1 a)'
ge n 4( .
'
l . ec mme tfrh rsae t a j 1 ()(d p e b Flrd lw a e a td a j6 2.51 1)
d Th o n ' te tts h t 4 a a o t d y o i a a nd n ce s 8 0 ( )
u
pr de a a bir ton or ni ton wih t s me i m u t as pr ded t a a bir t . Thi
ovi s n r ta i
ga za i
t he a m niy
ovi
o n r taor
s
i
l
nmuniy i a opra e be aus t dute pe f m e by a bir ton or aniatons i
t s ppr it
c e he
i s ror d
r ta i
g z i
n

a nitrng t a bir ton pr es a e t f tona eq va e of t r e a
dmi se i
he r ta i
oc s r he unc i l ui l nt
he ol s nd

rs o sblt so j d e a miitrn tea j dc to p o e si ac u t flw. e eg , w
e p n iiie f u g s d n seig h d u iai n r c s n o r o a Se , ..Ne
i
En and Clani Se v,l .v Ame ianAr tatonAs n,1 F.d 542 ( s Ci.1 ,Honn
gl
e ng r . nc . rc
bir i s' 99 3
1 t r 999)

v Na in l sno c De lr, n . 1 2F.d 1 4 (t Ci. 9 9 ) wkn v Na in l sn
. to a As ' fse . a es I c, 8 3 01 8h r 1 9 ) Ha is . to a As '

o S c De lr,I c, 49F.d 3 0( t Ci.1 9 ) Olo v Na in l sno c De lr,I c,
f e . ae s n . 1 3 3 5h r 9 8 ; s n . to a As ' fse . ae s n .
85F.d 381( h Ci.1 ; rj - ner Cor v. rcanAr tatonAs n,478F. 248
3
8t r 996) Ae oetGe al p. Ame i
bir i s'
2d
( hCi.1 .Co tv.Ame ianAr tatonAs n,795 F.Supp.970 ( D.Cal 1 ,Bor s
9t r 973) r
,
rc
bir i s'
N.
. 992) ak
*
v Ame i Ar taton As n, 205 M i App. 1 51 N. . 771 ( 994) Candor
. rcan bir i
s'
ch.
49, 7 W 2d
1 ;

Ame ia Ar i a inAs ', 7M ic 2d2 7 41 N. S.d 1 2( p. .Ti g Ct 1 78 .
rc n bt to sn 9 s . 6 , 1 Y. Z 6 Su Ct, o a y. 9 )
r
Fl Stt j682. ( i bas upon j 1 d)oft RUAA,a i t s ci a is i
a. a.
0514) s ed
4(
he
nd s he e ton t sue n
t s c s Bot s e tons sa e t t a a bir t , or a r pr e a i of a a bir ton
hi a e. h ubs c i
tt ha n r taor
e es nttve
n r tai
or ni a i a e notc
ga z ton, r
ompe e t t tf a m a no be r r d t pr
t nt o esiy nd y t equie o oducer c dsa t t ny
e or s o s
a
sa e t c
tt men , onduct de i i orr i oc rng du i t ar ta i pr e ng. The dr tr
, c son, ulng curi
rng he bir ton oc edi '
'
afe s
of t RUAA' c
he
S omm e t t s pr son sat t t t s s c i çi i e
nt o hi ovii t e ha hi e ton ss nt nded t pr e t a
o ot c n
a bir t or a r pr s nt tve of a a bir ton or ni ton fom bei r quied t t tf or
r taor
e e e ai
n r ta i
ga zai r
ng e r o esiy
pr
oduee r or f om a a bir ton pr e ng,or r l t d m a t r ' The dr f e s adde t ti t
ec ds r
n r tai
oce di
ea e
te .'
a tr
d ha f he

1w o a gv n S aewo d r q ie aj d e t tsiy i a p o e dng f rsr n p bi poiy
a f ie tt ul e ur u g o e tt n r c e i o to g u l l
c c
r s ns lke i vem e i a c i i l m a t , a a bir t or r pr e a i woul be a s
ea o , i nvol
nt n
rm na
ter n r t a or
e es nt tve
d
lo

r q ie t tsiy. i. b tainAc ( 0 )j 1 , mt 5
e urd o etf Unf Ar irto t 20 0 4 c . .
25

RUAA j1 ( )i b s do teCaio aEvd n eCo e j7 35 wh c sae t a :c
4 d s a e n h l mi ie c d 0 ., ih tts h t ç
f
No

p ro p e ii a a yj iilo q s-u iil r c e ig a d n abtao o me itr s al
es n rsdng t n udca r ua i d ca p o e dn , n o r i tr r d ao , h l
j
r
be c
ompe e t t siy, i a s eque ci l pr e ng, as t a sa e
t nt o e tf n ny ubs nt vi oce di
o ny t t ment cond t
,
uc ,

d cso ,o r l ,o c rig a o i c n t to wih t e p i rp o e dn ,e c p a t a
e iin r ui c u rn t r n o jmci n t h ro r c e ig x e t s o
ng
sae n o c n u tt tc u d()gv rs t cvi o c i n lc n e t ( c nsiu eaci ,
ttme t r o d c ha o l a i e ie o i l r rmia o tmp , b) o ttt rme

()bete s b e to iv siain b te S aeBa o Co s in o J dca Pef r n e o
c h u j c f n e tg to y h tt r r mmiso n u iil ro ma c , r
( ) gv rs t d s u ltc to p o e dng u d rp r g a h ( )o ( ) o s b vso () o
d ie ie o iq ai ain r c e i s n e a a rp 1 r 6 f u diiin a f
i
S cin 1 0 1o teCo eo Cii P o e u e'Caio ni c u t h veitr rtd j7 3. t b r
e to 7 . f h d f v l r c d r . lfr a o rs a ne p ee 0 5 o a
'
onl t abirt fom t tfi ( t rpes nal orby de a ai ats e tci l
y he r taor r esiyng whehe ro ly
clr ton) ubs quen vi
pr e ngs l doesnotba pa te t t a bir ton fom t tf ng a
oc edi . t
r ris o he r ta i r esiyi boutt pr e ngs See
he oce di .

Car v Smih,59 Ca.App.4t 725,734,69 Cal Rpt.2d306,31 ( 997) Skul c v Robe t
o. t
l
h
. r
2 1 ; nik . rs

Ex e s I c 2Ca . p. t 8 4 8 0( 9 2 ( li t a j 0 5e l e t s tlme t ud e
pr s, n . lAp 4 h 8 , 9 1 9 ) hodng h t 7 3. xcud d he ete n j g
fom t siy ng a
r
e tf i boutc
onver ai made du i s tlm e co e e es butalowe a t
s tons
rng e te nt nf r nc ;
l d tonwy

d caain .
e lrto s)
W ih t f egoi i mi t Cour wilnow add e st fve s ii s
t he or ng n nd, he
t l
r s he i pec fc ubpoena duc s
s e
t cum a i s .
e
t s ue
a. Subpoe D uc s Tec t M a r x M e at on. C
na
e
um o t i
di i LL

The pr ed s
opos ubpoe t t r or c t a of M arx M editon,LLC,s e t
na o he ec ds usodi n
ti
ai
e ks he
f l ng'
olowi .
t nf
s onna i r l t t A nt
l
ton e a ed o
hony Kehl i udi m e c r c ds m e c r pors
e, ncl ng
di al e or , di al e t ,
m e c bil,a sse lvi f iiy i or i m oralt t bls busnes r co ds a
dial ls s it d i ng aclt nf maton, t iy a e , i s e r ; nd
a 1addii li or to pr ded f ar ta ors r viw,i l ng butno lm ie t
l
tona nf ma i n ovi
or bir t ' e e ncudi
t i t d o:

j y ve dit rpo t,de ii ta ci s ta ci s of t abirto pr ee ngs
ur r c e rs poston rnsrpt, r ns rpt
he r tain oc di
(ncudi ta ci s of wine st tmony durng t abirton) e r r pors a
i l ng rns rpt
t s esi
i he r tai , xpe t e t nd
i ce ,a a a 1docum e s r vi w e or r c ve t ndi t s ppor or nega e t
nvoi s ny nd 1
nt e e d
e ei d e ng o u
t
t he
De e ntsne i nc - i l ng M r He s ,a and a 1document r vi
f nda ' glge e nc udi
. nderon' ny
1
s e ewed or

26

r eve r l tng t da a ,i udi doc e s r i u
ec i d e ai o m ges ncl ng
um nt eled pon t f
o onn t a bir to
he r tai n
awa d a a not soft a bir t .
r nd ny e
he r taor'
'
Thedic r r quese i t pr e s
s ove y e t d n he opos d ubpoe t M arx c n be s i i ot ge r l
na o ti a
plt nt wo ne a

caeg is Fis,t e de e s te t t abirt by Pli it Hendes M uns a
t ore : rt he vi nc ubmitd o he r taor
antfl
ron,
on, nd
t rco el i l ng m e c lr co ds medi lr pors me ca bil , as it lvi f c lt
hei uns , neudi
di a e r ,
ca e t, di l ls s sed i ng a iiy

i or ai m oralt t bls busnes r co ds e r r pors a i ce , a doc nt
nf m ton,
t iy a e , i s e r , xpe t e t nd nvoi s nd
ume s
r l tngt da a s a s c
e ai o m ge ' nd, e ond,
,
docume ss ii a l r i upon by t ar ta ort f m t
nt pectc ly eled
he bir t o or he
a bir to a r t not s oft a bir t ,and t e de oft a t la bir ton pr s
r tai n wa d, he e
he r ta or
he vi nce he c ua r ta i
oce s
is l, i l ngta c i soft a bir tonpr ee ngs6
te f ncudi r ns rpt he r tai
oc di .

Purua t bot t pli lngua ofFl Stt j68 0514)a t lgiltvei e ,a
s nt o h he an a ge a. a. 2. ( nd he e sai ntnt s
wel a t ea e lw pr e ng t delber tons de son- a ng,a t
l s he s a
ol di he i ai , cii m ki
nd hought pr es e of
oc s s
a bir t s t Cour tnds i c ea t t M a rx M e a i LLC s lnotbe r quied t pr
r ta or , he
ti
t l r ha
ti
di ton,
hal
e r o oduc
e

dic r i o t de sons ove y nt he cii maki or de i r i pr es e of J mes M uns y, Es ., t
ng
lbe atve oc s s
a
e
q he
a bir t r ori o t mn ri whi h he a rved a hi dama a r Se Pr de i r ta o , nt he nne n
c
ri
t s
ges wa d. e u ntalBache

S c, n . . h ma 48 S 2 8 8 8 9( 1 . s. . p.1 8 )(r tainp o e dn sS r
e .l c v S u n, 3 o. d 8 , 8 F a Dit Ct Ap 9 6 abi to r c e ig û e
r
a
ge r ly nott be e m i d by a ti l c tor a a la e c ti de e m i ng how t
ne al
o
xa ne
ra our
n ppe lt our n t r ni
he

abirt sarved a t ra r ' 'Rechman v r atv Re Esat Con ulant,I ,476 F.
r taor ri t hei wa d.', i
l
.C'e ie al t e s t s nc.
Supp.1 1 6,1 U. Dit LEXI 9962,*31( D. Y Se e r7,1 ( nyi t
276, 28 979 S. s.
S
S. N. ptmbe 979) de ng he
de ii n of a a bir t f r t d or dde pur e ' of pr ng t a bir t ' dec s o
pos to
n r t a or o he * bi n
f
pos '
obi he r ta or s
i i n-

ma ng pr s .) Specfc ly,t Cou tor r t M arx s lno be r uie t pr e
ki oce s'
'
iial he r des hat ti hal t eq rd o oduc
do um e s whi h dic os t Ar ta o ' saeme , c ue ,r a oni l al r ea c o
c nt
c s l e he bir t r s t t nt ond t e s ng, eg es r h, r
c r s nde e wih hi s a f or l s r h as i t nt N or s l M a rx ha t i ntf a
or e po nc
t s tf
' ea c
e
s s a s.
ha l t i
ve o de iy nd

dicl e t s cii doc nt r le upon by t a bir t i r c ng hi da a s a r .
s os he pe fc
ume s ei d
he r ta or n ea hi
s m ge wa d
6Defnda ' s
e nts ubpoe t M arxonl s ksdoc en s i doesnots kt obt n de tont tm onyfom t
na o ti y ee
um t ;t
ee o ai posii esi
r he
ar taor
bir t .

Furhe ,t s
t r he ubpoe t t extnti s ks a not s of t a bir t ,i ce l i ope i
na, o he e t ee ny e
he r ta or s lary mpr r n

lghtofFl Stt j682. ( a s l notbepe te ?
i
a. a.
0514) nd hal
nnitd.
Howe r neihert pli lnguag ofFl Stt j 682. ( ,nort l sai i e
ve , t he an a
e
a. a.
0514)
he egiltve ntnt
a e ane by t N ai l Cont e e of Conm iso r o Unio m St e La of t
s xpli d
he tona
kr nc
l s i ne s n
fr
at ws
he

abta i nt sau e j 68 051 lal p o ii a abtai n o g n z to fo ben
r i l mmu iy ttt
r
2. ,ce ry r hbt n r i to r a iain r m ig
r
s
ubpoe d t pr
nae o oduc doc nt t t we e s it d t t a bir t by t pa tes i t
e
ume s ha
r ubm te o he r ta or
he ri n he
m' ta i pr e ng. The Cour fnds t t al doc en s s it t t ar t a or by t
bir ton oce di
ti
ha I um t ubm ted o he bir t
he

pari o t rcouns ca beobt i by Def nda USAA pur uan t is s
tes r hei
el n
aned
e nt
s t o t ubpoe ofM a rx.
na
ti

Fl. tt j68 05 ( )d e n td caeac nr r rs l. nteCo r' a ayss i i i o tn t
a S a. 2. 14 o s o itt o ta y e ut l h u ts n l i, t s mp ra t o
not t ti t s c s t pa te beow e er d i o bi ng a bir ton bef e a sngl a bir t
e ha n hi a e he ri s l nt e nt ndi r ta i
or i e r taor
pur ua t a Cobl nt -yvz ag ee en w he e a i ur d adm i t la lt a as i d hi rght
s nt o
e zt
r m t
r n ns e
ted i biiy nd s gne s i s
t a l c a m s a c us of ac i he pos es e aga ns U SAA ,i e ha
o l li
nd a es
ton
s sd
i t
n xc nge f Pl ntf s
or ai if

pr s t e c et Fi J me a ns USAA tnd nott i urd)i t e ntt tt
omie o xe ut he nal udg nt gai t
a
he ns e n he ve ha he
Co tde e mi d t tUSAA ' de a ofcove ag wa lgaly i ope .ThusHe ron ha
ur t r ne ha
S nil
r e s e l mpr r
nde s
d
not ng t l eby entrng i o t a e m e and t a bir ton pr s asa la lt woul
hi o os
e i nt he gr e nt
he r ta i
oce s ny ibiiy
d
uli ael be s fe t t i ur r The a bir ton is fwasc uc e wihouta c tr tr
tm t y
hitd o he ns e .
r ta i tel
ond t d t
our epore
a t pr e ngs a t pr ee ngs onl l s e one day. The e w as a l edl no c os
t he oc edi , nd he oc di
y atd
r
leg y
r s

e mi to of M r He ron,t i urd.The n
xa nain
. ndes he ns e
mount a r ( 81 804. gral
waded $8, 8, 00) e ty
e e d t polc lmis The Cour ca t r or unde sa why Def nda USAA may be
xc ede he i y i t .
t n he ef e
r t nd
e nt
s ewha s ptca oft s tl m e a e e a a bir ton pr es a w a s t e
om
t ke i l he e te nt gr em nt nd r ta i
oc s nd nt o ngage i
n
di co r r ga di bo h.
s ve y e r ng t
1TheCou tnotst t abir tonawa d is d byt ar taorhasale bee pr
r e hat he r tai
r s ue
he birt
r ady n oducedt De e ntUSA A
o f nda
by Pl ntf a t ef ea s
ai if nd her or ubpoe t M arxf t tdoc en i unnec s r a t tis i moo . t r t
na o ti or ha
um t s
es ay nd ha sue s
t Furhe ,he
parist t sl ui a eet tnotans rptoft ar ta i pr edi e ssandno cour r pore wa pr ent
te o hi aws t gr ha
r ci
he birton oce ng xit
t e tr s es ,
t r by rnderngt tpori oft s
he e e i ha ton he ubpoe whi s ksata c i oft a bir tonpr edi a Pl ntf'
na ch ee
r ns rpt he r tai oce ng nd ai ifs
M otonf Pr e tveOr rdiece t t tis m oota w el
i or otc i
de r td o ha sue
s l.

28

Gi en t contxt of t a bir ton pr e ng,t naur of t m ulimilon dolar
v he
e
he r ta i
oce di he t e
he
t- li
l

j d me t a d te l td ln ua e o F a S a. j 6 2.514 ,whc s ll p oe t a y
u g n , n h i e a g g f l. tt
mi
8 0 ( ) ih oey r tcs n
çs at ent c
%t em , onduc ,de son,orr lng occ rng d i t a bir i n pr ee ng,'t Cour
t cii
ui
uri urng he r tato oc di ' he
t

fndst tt docume s s
i ha he
nt ubmitd by t pa test t ar taormus be pr e a t y a e
te
he ri o he bir t
t
oduc d s he r
r lvan ,pr tona ,a wihi t s ope ofRul 26.The Cour fndst ti i r as
ee t opori l nd t n he c
e
ti
ha t s e onabl t
e o
pe mi Def ntUSAA t c
r t enda
o onduc lm ied dic r r ga di t ar tai pr e ng.The
ti t
s ove y e r ng he bir ton oc edi
Co tfnds t tt docume s s itd by t pa te or t r c
ur i
ha he
nt ubm te
he ri s
hei ouns t t a bir t ly
el o he r ta or a

o sde t prtcin of Fl Stt j 682. 4 , be a e 1 publc polc alows f t
uti he oe to
a. a .
0514) c us )
i iy l
or he
pr uci n ofdocume si or rt as ur good f t and f i dea i i Cobl z a e m e s
od to
nt n de o s e
aih
a r lng n
ent gr e nt ;

2) t a ee nt a is i a hy i Cobl z-r tai a ee nt a 3) t lmied
he gr me t sue s
brd
ent abirton gr me ; nd
he i t
doc nt or r t be pr uc d do not unde ne t sa ut s pur e of pr ec i t e
ume s de ed o
od e
nni he t t e'
pos
ot tng h
a bir t t r h a bir li m uniy.
r t a or h oug r t a m
t

Be a e De e nt i alegi ba f t i s d be e ild t t e docume s
c us
f nda s l ng d aih, t houl
ntte o hos
nt ,
ma e i s or e denc pr s nt d or s
t ral,
vi e e e e
ubmit t t a bir t by t pa tes r l tng t t
ted o he r taor
he ri e ai o he

a cd n ,ijly,o d ma e o M r Ke e Th s s o d g n rly icu e a y d u n s
c ie t nt
r r a g s f . hl. i h ul e e al n ld n oc me t,
m a era s c r s
t i l , or e ponde ,or s a e e s m ade orpr s nt t t a bir t by a oft pari s
nce
t t m nt
e e ed o he r t a or
ny he te

r ltng t la lt orda a s Thi alo i udesbuti no lm ie t m e ca r or ;m e ca
ea i o ibiiy
m ge . s s ncl
s t i t d o di l ec ds di l
r pors as i t d lvi f iiy i br a i m oralt t es bus nes r c ds c r ponde e
e t ' s s e i ng ac lt nt m ton;
,
t iy abl ; i s e or ' or es
,
nc ,
r ea c , e r r po t a i c 'a ot doc e ss it d by t pa te .
es r h xpe t e r s nd nvoi es nd her um nt ubm te
,
he r i s 8

Fl i 1w doesnotprcl t spr ton.ti noe t t tFl St .j68 0514)
orda a
e ude hi oduci I s tworhy ha a. at 2. (

a p ast p o i ea abtao wi ab ta i nt tot es mee tn a aj d eo ac u t
p e r o r v d n r irtr t r ir l mmu iy d h n x e t s u g f o r
h
t
8 l r r t t ta c i s oft abir ton r qu t d by U SAA , t pa tes ha i or ed t Cour a t
n egads o he rns rpt
he r tai e ese
he ri
ve nf m
he
t t he
hea i t tt r i no tans rptoft ar ta i pr di a no cou rpore waspr en .Thus t tpori
rng ha hee s r c i
he birton ocee ng nd
rt e tr
es t
, ha
ton
oft s
he ubpoe t M arx,a wela t tpo ton oft moton t qua h t s bpoe a i r ae t tans rpt of
na o ti s l s ha ri
he i o s he u na s t elts o r c i s
t a bir to ar m oot
he r tain, e
.

29

o t i sae a tn i aj dca c p ct ' I . l t a l y o a abtao t aj d e i
f hs tt ci g n u iil a a i ' d f he naog f n r i tr o u g s
y.
r
c n iu d, n ad fn a twees e i t d s o e d u nso e ie c s b te t aj d e
o tn e a d e e d n r e kng o ic v r oc me t r vd n e u mitd o u g
durng a be h ti l a def nda woul s e y be entted t dic y of t e bis a
i
nc ra ,
e nt
d ur l
il o s over
he xhi t nd

d c me t prs ne t t eCo r.Co ves l,ad fn a two d n tb e t ld t tej d es
o u ns e e td o h u t n rey e e d n ul o e ni e o h u g '
t

n ts te j d es c re po e c wih he lw ceks o d c me t r g r ig t j d es
oe , h u g ' o r s nd n e t r a lr , r o u n s e a dn he u g '
de i i ma ng or de i r tve pr es Thus alowi U SAA dic r i o t evi nce
c son- ki
lbe a i
oc s.
, l ng
s ove y nt he de ,
doc e s c r s
um nt, ore ponde , a m aeral s it d t t a bir t by t pa te or t r
nce nd t i s ubm te o he r ta or
he ri s
hei

c u e d e n t u d r n Fl.S a. j 68 0 ' pupo e o i n zng abtao s a d
o ns l o s o n emie a tt
2.51s r s f mmu ii r irtr n

abi aino g nz to st tes mee tn a j dg s9
r t to r a iain o h n xe t s u e .
r
The Cour r tr t a tndst tDe enda USAA ma s r e a s
t eie aes nd i
ha f nt
y ev
ubpoe u M arx
na pon ti
M e ai f docume s ma e i s c r ponde
diton or
nt , t ral, ores
nce,ore de s
vi nce ubmit by t pa test t
ted
he ri o he
a bir t r Thi i l
r ta o . s ncudes buti notlmie t medialr c ds m e c lr pors as it lvi
s
i td o
c e or ' di a e t ; ssed i ng
,
f iiy i or ton;m oralt t bl 'busnes r cor ;e r r t a i c 'afi vis
aclt nf ma i
t iy a es
, i s e ds xpe t epors nd nvoies fda t ;
,
de a a i ;expe tr pors a a a a ldocume s pa r ,core pondenc s
clr tons
r e t; nd ny nd 1
nt , pe s r s
es ubmit by or
ted
on behaf of t pa tes t t a bir t .Def ndant s l not s k, a M a rx s l not be
l
he ri o he r taor
e
hal
ee nd ti ha l
r quie t pr
e r d o oduce a docume swhih s e t deve i o t a bir t ' de ii m a ng or
, ny
nt
c e k o l nt he r ta or s c son ki
de i r tve pr e s , t ,ora ot rr a e m a e i l .
lbe a i
oc s es no es
ny he el t d t r a s

9Plitf' ctto t t ta srpso h aig b fr t dfee t u g sd e n t itt ac nrr r s tAt
anifs i in o wo rn cit f e rn s eoe wo ifr n j d e o s o dcae o tay eul
a
.
DE 37,Pl ntf s itd ata crptofahe i be o eaHilbor
ai if ubm te r ns i
arng f r
ls oughCount Cic tCour J
y r ui
t udgewhe et t
r ha

J d essan da o jcint asb o n t a abtao a dga tdtepat smoinfrp oe t eo d r (
u g u tie n be to o u p e a o n ri tr n rne h ry' to o r tci r e.DE
r
v
3 , g l ) Ho v r teoa o d rrtetdi teta srp d e n t r vd ad ti da ay i o terlv n
7 p . l. we e,h rl r e elce n h rn cit o s o p o ie eal n lss f h ee a t
e
is i t sca e. t r Pl n ifciest afder c ewher U . M agitaeJ
sue n hi s Furhe , aitf t o e al as
e S.
sr t udgeA lci Ot z Reye or l
i a a os aly

rldo adso e rq etrgriga abtaina r.DE2541Jd eOtz - ye dne tedso ey
ue n icvy eu s e adn n ri to wad ( - .u g aoRe s eid h ic vr
r
r s butm ai al t pos i lt t tdicove ycoul ber - pe depe ngupont Cour' nli on a
eque t
nt ned he sbiiy ha s r
d e o ned
ndi
he
ts lng

moinfr u me to tepe dng . wrt no d rwa e trdb J d eOtz - ye a t ta dic v r
to o jdg n n h la i sNo it r e s nee y u g a o Re s s o h t s o ey
e

diput a t f t i t sc eaes wha dismiart t tc e.Aferc r ulyr viwi bot ta c i s t
s e, nd he acs n hi as r ome t si l o ha as t a ef l e e ng h r ns rpt, he
Co tfndst tt ar ofltl asitncei deer i ng t uni is i t sca e.
ur i ha hey e ite ssa n t m ni he que sues n hi s

30

b. The Four Subpo
enas D uc s Te
e
cum t H ender on. M uns
o
s
on. and t r
hei
R espectve A t
i
tornevs

De e
f ndan hass ve f o he notce ofi e t is s poe f doc
t
er d our t r i s nt nt o s ue ub nas or umen supon
t
He r on, M t on, a t r or c t an of t i r s c i a t e ' ofies The
nde s
ms
nd he ec ds usodi
her e pe tve tom ys fc .
pr e s
opos d ubpoena duc s t um t Tombe g,Hans n & Hal r LLC,a M i elC.Knec ,
s e ec o
r
o
pe ,
nd cha
ht
P. .s ek:
A e

( 1doc e spr uc d,a a dic y r pons s ofa pa t tans rpt ofa
i
A1
um nt od e nd ny s over es e
ny ry; r c i s
ny

wine s tansrpts oft abirtonpr e ngs a1me c lr or ,medialr pors
t s ;r c i t) he r tai oc edi ; l dia ec ds
c e t,
m e c bil , a s s e lvi f c lt i or a i m or a iy t bl ,bus nes r c ds of
di al ls s it d i ng a iiy nf m ton,
t lt a es
i s e or
Pl ntf,Ant
ai if
hony Ke e;a li o m a i pr de f a bir t ' r viw,i l ng but
hl l nf r ton ovi d or r taor s e e ncudi

n tlmie t :j r v r c rp rs d p sto ta c it,ta s rp so t e abtain
o i td o u y edit e o t, e o i n rnsrps r n c it f h r irto
i
pr ee ngs (ncudi ta ci s ofwine s t tmony durng t ar tai ,e r
oc di i l ng rns rpt
t s esi
i he bir ton) xpet
r pors a i c s any a a1 doc nt r vi we or r c ved t ndi t s
e t nd nvoi e ,
nd l ume s e e d
e ei
e ng o uppor or
t
ne t t De e
ga e he f ndants ne i nce i udi M r Hende s a a 1doc e ss ntt
' glge , ncl ng .
r on; nd 1
um nt e o
t ar ta or r l tng t da age or ne i nce i l ng t doc e s r i upon by
he bir t e a i o m s
glge , nc udi he um nt eled
t a bir t t f m a bir i a a d a a not oft a bir or'
he r t a or o or r taton w r nd ny es he r tat .
'

( 25- pgs 7,11 .Defnda ' pr e s
DE 2, . q e nts opos d ubpoe sdu stcu f He s a Muns
na ce e m or nderon nd
on
se
e k:
t oc e s a m a e i l r l tng t t underyi s a e ca e,i l ng butno lm ie
s um nt nd t r a s e a i o he
D
l ng t t s nc udi
t i td
t a c m uni tons be w e n t pa tes a t i c
o: ny om
ca i
t e he r i nd he r ouns l r r ng as i nm e of
e ega di
s g nt
rght t Ke e,s tl men ne itons a 1i or a i a ordoc e a i pr dedt
i s o hl e te t gota i , 1 nf m ton nd/
um nt ton ovi o

t abirt (ncl ng but no lmie t cor s
he r taor i udi
t i td o reponde , rcor , e i
nce e ds mal
c
ommuni to ,a a ot ri or to pr de ,c r s nde rc ved a /
cains nd ny he nf main ovi d) orepo nce e ei ndor
s ntt couns r r ng t unde l ng ci lltga i a a ot rdoc e sa or
e o
el ega di he
ryi
vi ii ton nd ny he
um nt nd/
c
omm uni tonsr r ngt unde l ng ci la ton.
cai ega di he
ryi vi c i '
'

( 2 - , g .1 , n 1 1
DE 5 2 p s 5 a d 9 .
The Co t has de e m i
ur
t r ned, a not d pr or i t s or r t t a e denc or f c s
s
e
i n hi de , ha ny vi e
at

pe t ni t He r on' a e m e t cons ntt la lt and a sgn hi rgh st Pli if t
rai ng o nde s s gr e nt o
e o ibiiy
si
s i t o a ntf, he

d cso t n t e c t o rc r t e j g n a an t He d ro t e d cso t ds s
e ii n o o xe ue r e o d h ud me t g is n e s n, h e iin o imis
M uns f om t ca e,t decii t e er bi ng a bir ton be or a s ngl a bir t as t
on r
he s he
s on o nt ndi r ta i
f e i e r t a or o

da
mage , t s e ton of t a bir t , a t f t unde l ng t hybrd Coblnt
s he elc i
he r taor nd he ac s
ryi
he
i
e z
a e m e / bir ton A w a d a e a 1 r e nt a pr
gr e ntAr ta i
r r 1 el va nd opor i l t t ne of t s c e. The
tona o he eds
hi as
31

Co r as fnd ,a n td p e iusy i t so d r ta Fl.S a.68 0514 d e n ta p y t
u t lo i s s oe r vo l n hi r e , h t a tt 2. 4 ) o s o p l o
i
mmuni e or pr cl
z
e ude pr ton of doc e s c r ponde , afi vis de ii ,
oduc i
um nt , ores
nce fda t, postons
sa e e t ,oro he pa r o ma e i l s itd by t pari ort i c
tt m n s
t r pe s r t ra s ubm te
he tes he r ouns lt t ar ta or
e o he bir t
orr ei d by t pari ort rc
ec ve
he tes hei ouns fom t a bir t .Furher i r gar t t s f
el r he r ta or
t , n e ds o he e our
s
ubpoe duce t um,t s ope ofa bir i muniy whi pr e t a a bir t ora bir ton
nas
s ec
he c
r tal m
t
ch ot c s n r taor r ta i

or niai doe note e t pa tci nt i t abirton.The l
ga z ton s
xtnd o ri pa s n he r tai
anguage of Fl.Stt j
a a
68 0514)sat t tonl an k bir ororrpr enttve ofa abirton or ni ton' ma
2. ( t es ha y ' tat
ar
e es ai
n r tai ga zai ' y
notber quie t pr
e r d o oduc r or oft a bir ton.
e ec ds he r ta i Addii l t Cotr not t tCaior a
tonaly, he tt es ha lf ni

Rul o Evie c j7 3.,o wh c RUAA j 1 ( )a d Fl. tt j68 0514)weeb s d h s
e f d n e 0 5 n ih
4 d n a S a. 2. 4 r a e , a
bee i e pr t d t m e n t tt sa ut r a bir li muniy a i s s el t t ar tat or
n nt r e e o a ha he tt o y r ta m
t pple ol y o he bir or
rpr s a i oft e ar taton or ni a i and nott pa tes i ve i an a bir ton.Se
e e enttve
h bir i
ga z ton,
o ri nvol d n
r ta i
e

Car v Smih,59CalApp.4t 725,734,69 CalRpt.2d 306,31 ( 997) Sk nikv Robet
o . t
.
h
. r
2 1 ; ul c . rs

Ex e s I c 2Ca . p 4h 8 4 8 0( 9 2 (oligt a 5 0 5e l e t es tlme t u g
pr s, n . lAp . t 8 , 9 1 9 ) h dn h t 7 3. xcud d h et n j d e
e
fo tsiyng aboutc
r m e tf i
onve s i ns made durng s tlm e c e e es butalo d a t ney
rato
i e te nt onf r nc ,
l we tor

d caain . Th Co r a r e wihti itr eai a dfnd t a Fl. tt j68 0514 d e
e lrto s) e u t g e s t hs neprtton n i s h t a Sa . 2. () o s
no i muni t pa te t t a bir ton fom dic r r que t pera ni t t ar tai n
tm
ze he ri s o he r ta i r
s ove y e s s ti ng o he bir to
pr e di .
oc e ngs

Thus f r a lt r s s ii d a
, o l he ea ons pecfe bove t doc e s s ug fom t s f pa te
, he um nt o ht r he e our ri s
a e de d t be r e ntand pr tona t t ne oft s ca e,and l outi oft
r eme o
elva
opori l o he eds
hi s
ay sde
he

pr e ton ofFl Stt j 682. 4 .Howe r t doc nt rman s j tt a poe il
otci
a. a.
0514)
ve , he ume s e i ubec o ny tnta
c ai s ofw or pr
lm
k- oduc o a t ney c i ntpr vie w hi h H ende s M uns or t r c
t r tor / le
i l ge, c
r on,
on, hei ouns l
e
ma c
y hoos t as e tonce t y a e s r ed w ih a s
e o sr
he r e v
t
ubpoe duc s t um as a horze by t
na
e ec
ut i d
he

32

c ti t s or . 1 1 such wor pr t ora t ney- le prvie cai s a e as e td by
our n hi der 0 f
k- oduc
tor c int i lge l m r s re
Hende s n,M uns or t r r pe i c
ro
on, hei es ctve ouns onc t y a e s r d w ih a s
el e he r e ve
t
ubpoe duc s
na
e

t um, heCoul wilde e m i t e prvie is si duecour e
ec t
' l t r ne hos i lge s ue n
t
s.
C oncl i
us on

l s mmay t Co r rj csPlitf sa g n t a a1o t e d s o ey s u h b
n u r , he u t ee t anif r ume t h t l f h ic v r o g t y
De e nt pur ua t is tve s
f nda
s nt o t i ubpoe
nas i ir e t and pr e t d by a bir i
s relvan
ot c e
r tal mmuniy.
t

Li e s ,heCo r rj csDe e d n ' p sto t a i i e tte t aloft d s o ey i s e
k wie t
u t ee t fn a ts o iin h t t s n ild o l he ic v r t e ks
pur ua t is fve s
s nt o t i
ubpoe s Ra he , t Cour c
na . t r he
t hoos t a y t r l nc a
es o ppl he e eva y nd

pr tonaiy c e sofRul 26( ( )t t sdicovey diput t t rwih t a oprae
opori lt onc pt
e b)1 o hi s r s e ogehe t he ppr it
s ope ofFl i sa bir li muniy saut i a e f tt be f i and e t bl t bo h pa te .
c
orda' r ta m
t t t e n n for o
ar
quia e o t ris
Ac or ngl f t f e ngr as ,i i he e ORDERED a f l :
c di y, or he or goi e ons t s r by
s olows

Pl ntf sM oi f Pr tci Or r( 25 i DENI I PART AND
ai if
ton or oe tve de DE 1 s
ED N
GR ANTED I PART, f l :
N
as olows
a. As t t r cor c t a of M ihae Kne ht Es , a t r cor
o he e ds usodin
c l
c , q. nd he e ds
c t an ofTom be g,Ha o and Hal r LLC. Def nda i pe ted t
usodi
r
ns n,
pe ,
,
e nt s nnit o
sres
e v ubpoe s s e ng:1 A1 c r s nde e a orator not r lt d
na e ki
. l or e po nc nd / t ney es ea e
t t s te
o he etlmentag ee e ,t labiiy or non-i lt of He r on a
r m nt he i lt
labiiy
nde s nd
M uns t ag e m e t s i t bi ng a bir ton,t s l ton oft
on, he r e nt o ubm t o ndi r ta i he eec i
he
a bir t ,and a lla lt a da age i s ;I .A 1 doc e s r c i d by
r ta or
l i biiy nd m
s ues l 1 um nt e e ve
t c
he ouns l docum e s pr uc d by c
e,
nt od e
ouns l a a di cove y r s
e , nd ny s
r e pons s of
e
a pa t 1 1 A1 m e c l r co ds m e ca r
ny r y; 1 . 1 di a e r , di l epors m e c l bil , as it d
t, di a ls s s e

lvi f ciiy i or a i
i ng a lt nf m ton,m oralt t bl s busne s r cor of Pli tf,
t iy a e , i s e ds
a n if
1 Pl ntf doe notha sa ng t a s r an at ne cle orwor pr
0 ai if s
ve tndi o s e t tor y- int
k oductprviegeon be foft s f nonil
hal he e our
pa te t t slwsui.Any agum en t tt s
ris o hi a t
r
t ha he ubpoe s k ato ne cintorwor pr tprviege documen s
nas ee tr y- le
k- oduc i l d
t
fom Hende s n,M uns andt rr s ctvec elm us ber s b t enon- te i atm eym anne .
r
ro
on,
hei e pe i ouns
t aied y hos
paris n i l
r

33

Ant
hony Ke e;I Any a a 1doc e s r viwe or r ceved tndi t
hl V.
nd 1
um nt e e d
e i
e ng o
s
uppor or ne t t Def nda ' neglge e,i udi M r Hende s V.
t
ga e he
e nts
i nc ncl ng .
r on;
A1 doc e s s nt or s
l um nt e
ubmit t t ar taor r ltng t dama
ted o he bir t ea i o
ges o
r
neglge e;VI A1 doc nt r a i t t labiiy ofM r Hende s a
i nc
. 1 ume s eltng o he i lt
.
r on; nd
Vl. Al doc e s r lt t t de son t a t
1 l um nt e aed o he cii o tend a bir ton a t
r ta i nd he
s e ton oft s c fc ar tat .
el c i
he pe ii bir or

b. Ast Courne M uns and Ge ad A.Hende s De e nti pe m it d t
o
t y
on
rl
r on, f nda s r te o
sr s
e ve ubpoe s eki 1 A ny c m uni ato w ih yourc
nas e ng: .
om
c i ns t
ouns r r ng
el ega di

asi nt of rg s t Pli if ( hl) I. Setlme negotai ,a1
sgnme
iht o antf Ke e ; I te nt
itons 1
i or tona / docume ai pr de t t abirt (ncl ngbutnot
nf mai ndor
ntton ovi d o he r taor i udi
lm ied t c r s
i t o or e ponde , r or , e a l co m uni a i , a any ot
nce ec ds m i m
c tons nd
her

i or ton pr vi d) a 11 Cores
nf mai o de ; nd 1. r ponde r c ve a ors ntt yolr
nce e ei d nd/ e o z
couns l r ar ng t unde l ng cvi ltga i a any o he doc nt
e eg di he
ryi i l ii ton nd
t r
ume s
a / c m uni a i r ga di t unde l ng ci la ton.
nd or om
c tons e r ng he
r yi
vi c i

c. As t t r c ds c t a ofM a rx M e ai Def nda i per te t
o he e or usodin
ti
di ton, e nt s mitd o
s r e as
ev
ubpoe s eki doc e s m a e i s ore de s itd t t
na e ng um nt , t ral, vi nce ubm te o he
a bir t by oron be ft pari s ort i c
r ta or
hal he te , her ouns l Thi i udesbuti not
e . s ncl
s
lm ied t m e ca r co ds medial r pors as it d lvi f iiy
i t
o
di l e r ,
c
e t, s se i ng ac lt
i or a i m ora iy t bl s bus nes r cor ,e r r po t a i c ,
nf m ton,
t lt a e , i s e ds xpe t e r s nd nvoi es

c r ponde es saeme s de ii ,afi vis deca ai ,ora o he
ores
nc , t t nt , postons fda t , lr tons
ny t r
pa s or c m uni tons s it d by Pl ntf , H e r o M uns o
per
om
ca i
ubm te
ai if
nde s n,
on, r
t i couns lt t a bir t r H ow e r D e e
he r
e o he r t a o .
ve , f ndanti notpe m it d t r que t
s
r te o e s
or obt n, a M ati s l not be r quie t pr
ai nd
rx hal
e r d o oduce a not s of t
, ny
e
he

34

a bir t ,r s a ch oft a bir t orc
r ta or e e r
he r taor omm uni a i bewe t a bir t
c tons t en he r ta or
a hi sa forr s r as it nt,t t htpr es e oft a bir t ,t
nd s t f
e ea ch s sa s he houg
oc s s he r taor he
de son ma ng or de i r tve pr es of t ar taor or t s ii
cii
ki
lbe ai
oc s
he bir t ,
he pec fc
doc e supon whi t ar taorm a ha r i i r c ng adec son.
um nt
ch he bir t
y ve eled n ea hi
ii
DONE AND ORDERED i Ch mber a W e tPam Be h,Pam Bea h Count i t
n
s t s l
ac
l
c
y, n he

S uhenDitito F o ia t s z #day ofDecem ber 2017.
o t r src f lrd , hi
<
,
@

I A M M A TT EW M AN
LLI
UN I
TED STA TES A G I
STM TE J DG E
U

35