Kehle v. USAA Casualty Insurance Company

Filing 68

ORDER granting in part and denying in part 60 Defendant USAA Casualty Insurance Company's Motion to Compel Better Discovery Responses. Signed by Magistrate Judge William Matthewman on 5/30/2018. (kza)

UNI
TED STATES DI
STRI COURT
CT
SOUTHERN DI
STRI OF FLORI
CT
DA
CA SE N O .1 80447- - A RRA / A TTH EW M AN
7CV M
M

NELI KEHLE,a Gua din of
DA
s
r a
AN TH ON Y KEHLE,1 1
1,

FL D h
IE y

.C

Pl i if
a ntf ,

MAt 3 g 2 1
23
VS.
STE N M L MORE
VE
ARI

USAA CASUALTY W SURANCE
COM PAN Y,

C E KUi Dl'c .
LR
st T
l
s.. FfA.w.e.
oo i - e

Defnda .
e nt
ORDER GRANTI I PART AND DENYI I PART DEFENDANT USAA
NG N
NG N
C A SU ALTY I SU R AN C E CO M PA NY ' M O TI N TO CO M PEL BETTER
N
S
O
DI
SCOVERY RESPONSES I 601
DE
THI CAUSE i be or t Cour u
S
s f e he
t pon De e nt USA A Cas aly I u a e
f nda ,
u t ns r nc

Co a y s(t f n a f)M oi nt Co e BetrDic v r Re po e .( 6 1 Thsmatr
mp n ' t e d n ' to o mp l te so e y s ns s DE 0 . i te
De
wasr e r d t t under i d by Unie Stt sDiti tJ e Kenne h A.M a r upon a Or r
ef re o he
sgne
t d a e src udg
t
ra
n de
r f ng al dic r ma tr t t unde sgned f a oprat diposton. Se DE 13.
e eni
l s ove y te s o he
ri
or ppr i e s ii
e

Plitf, ld Ke l (plitf ' fld aRe po s t t M oi n ( 6 )a d Dee d n fld
anifNei a h e t anif ) ie
t
s n e o he to DE 3 n fn a t e
aRe y ( 641 TheCour hed ahe i ont M oton onM ac 1 201 TheCour hasas
pl DE .
t l
arng he i
rh 2, 8.
t lo
c r f ly c
a e u l onduc e a i camer r ew ofnum e ous e l a is i t s dic r diput .
td n n
a evi
r
mais t s ue n hi s ove y s e
The m ateri now rpe f r e .
t s
i or evi w
1
.

I TR O D U CTI N
N
O

Thi dic er diput i vesDe enda USAA ' de a t tPl i ifKe epr e:
s s ov y s e nvol
f nt
S m nd ha antf hl oduc
a. Em al ,wihhe d by Pli ifasprvie d wor pr t bewee M r St ve
is t l
antf
i l ge
k oduc , t n . e
Rot a Es , w ho r pr s nt d Pl i if i t unde l ng sa e co t
hm n, q.
e ee e
a ntf n he
ryi
tt
ur

l iain a d M r Ro e tM ao , q. n M r F e Ct i g m, q.wh
i g to , n . b r j r Es a d . r d mn n ha Es , o
t
c r nty r pr en Pl ntf i t c r ntf de alltga i and
ure l e es t ai if n he ure e r ii ton;
b. Addii
tonal i onna i r quesed i I e r t i s 1 1 1 a 22 of
nf
ton e t n nt roga ore 7, 8, 9, nd
Def nda ' Fi s Se ofI e r t i s r a i t M r Hende s s c e t
e nt s r t t nt r oga ore el tng o .
r on' ons nt o

labiiy,t s tlmen ag e ment andt a bir ton pr ee ngs
i lt he e te t r e
,
he r ta i
oc di .
The Cour a s e t r a r sf m iirt wih is prorl ngt Or a DE 49 whi h
t s um s he e de ' a la iy t t i e hy der t
c
r quied pr ton of c ran doc e s r sed by Def nda r a e t t hy i
e r
oduc i
e ti
um nt eque t
e nt elt d o he brdhe
ts i
de ,
Co:l n/ / r t a i a e e a i s i t s c e. Afe t e r oft Cour' prorOr r
e z a bir ton gr em nt t s ue n hi as 1 tr he nty
c ran docu e s we e pr uc d t Def nt and Pli if s r ed Am e
e ti
m nt
r od e o
enda ,
antf e v
nded Dicove y
s r
Res es i lgh oft s Cour' Or r Upon r eptoft e a e
pons n i t hi
ts de .
ec i
hos m nded r pons s De e
es e , f ndan
t

fld t pendi M oi t Compel( 601whih tke is wih t e l wihhed by
ie he
ng ton o
DE
c a s sue t he mais t l
Pli tf aswor pr t aswela Pli ifs r pons s t I e r t i s 1 1 1 a 22.
a n if
k oduc ,
l s a ntf es e o nt rogaore 7, 8, 9, nd

Th sds ues ll iv le tewo kp o u tp iie e Plitf o j cst ted so e ys u h
i ip t o ey n ov s h r -r d c rv lg . anif b e t o h ic v r o g t
by D e e nton w o k- oduc pr vie gr
f nda
r pr
t i l ge ounds D e e ntas e t t tPl ntf ha w a ve a
. f nda
s r s ha ai i f s i d ny

wok-r d c p i lg d et is eijcin a d ta Dee a tha a s b tnilne d f rt e
r p o u t rvi e u o su ne to n h t fnd n s u sa ta e o h
e
doc e t a i or ai t pr e isdef ei t sc e.
um n s nd nf m ton o es nt t ens n hi as
I.
I

M OTI TO COM PEL.RESPONSE AND REPLY
ON

On Fe a y 2 201 Def nt tl is M oton t Com pe Be t D icove y
bnz r 2,
8,
enda i ed t
i
o
l ter s
r

Repo es g 601 l a tont t e isrquese t s ct itrogaore a is ae:
s ns .DE .n ddii o he mal e td,he pe ik ne r t is t sue r
I er ozat v N um ber 1 Pa ag a 1 of t Com pl i i t U nde l ng A c i
nt r
or
7: r r ph 5
he
a nt n he
r yi
ton

(ta he a Exhi t D t yo Ame
atc d s
bi
o ur
nded Compl nt sae t t Sde ron wa
ai ) tts ha t ndes
l
s
o r tng t Ves elwih and a t di e ton of M t s ' Pa ag a 1 of t Sec
pe a i he
s
t
t he r c i
m on.' r r ph 5
he
ond

Ame d Compliti t Undel ng Aci (ta d asExhi tE t yolrAme ed
nde
an n he
ryi
ton atche
bi o z
nd
Compl nt saest ttle ron wa ope ai t Vese wih a a apes fvor
ai ) tt ha t- ndes
l
s r tng he s l t nd s ronal a

1Se Or ron Plitf M oton f Pr eci Or r( 491 Ke ev USAA Cas.I .Co.
e de
anifs i or ot tve de DE ; hl
ns
,
No.1 8
7-0447- 201 W L 67 86( D. a.De 28,201
CV, 7
291 S. Fl c.
7)
.

t M uns ' Pl a esa ewih s ii iy t f l ng:
o
on. e s t t t pecfct he olowi
'

( The ras s a / crumsanc s whih ca e you t rvie Paaga
a)
e ont) ndor ic t et) c us d
o e s r rph
15;

( )De cie a y ds u so sa do c mmu iain r ltn t t e rv so o
b s rb n ic s in n /r o nc to s eaig o h e iin f
Pa ag a 1 a
r r ph 5; nd

()A ls o a ya d al c me t t a s p r y t rv so t Paa rp 1 .
c it f n n ldo u ns h t u po t ol e iin o r g a h 5
r
I e oaat Num ber 1 I t unde l ng aci M r He r on,M r M t s a
nt rr oa
8: n he
ryi
ton . nde s
. m on, nd

Nu cowe ealg dyn gie tc usngij r t M r Ke l. e s saewi s e iii
n i r le e l e l n a i nu y o . he Plae tt t p cfct
g
h
y
t f l wi
he olo ng:

( The r a ont) crumsa et) a s
a)
e s s, ic tnc s, nd uppori e de s
tng vi nce uppori t
tng he
a s ri n t tM r He r o M r M uns a orNunci wa ne i nt
s e to ha . nde s n, .
on, nd/
o s glge ;

( )Thea p rin n o futy u beiv d wa atiu a l t M r He d ro ,
b
p o t me t f a l o le e s trb tb e o . n e s n
o
M r M uns a orNt o;a
.
on, nd/
mci nd

()Thes cfcacst tyouc e d Mr He s pef dne i nty.
c
pe ii t ha
ontnde . nderon ronne glge l
I e roza or Num be 1 I Pa a a 23 of t A m e d Com pl ntyou a l ge t
nt r
t v
r 9: n r gr ph
he
nde
ai
le hat
' hepa te a ee t s
t
t
ri s gr d o ubmi t is oft a
t he s ue he mountofda a s s t ne by M r Ke e
m ge usai d
. hl
as a r s t of t ne i nce of He s t Bi ng Ar ta i ' Plas sae wih
e ul
he glge
nderon o ndi
bir ton'. e e t t t
s cii iy t f l i
pe fc t he olow ng:

() The ra ons a or cic tnc t undel ng a ton wa s te t
a
es
nd/ rumsa es he
ryi ci
s ubmitd o
Bi ng Ar ta i i l ng who s
ndi
bir ton, nc udi
uggese Bi ng Ar ta i a a ls of
t d ndi
bir ton nd it
doc e sr l t t r t
um nt e aed he e o;

( W hehe t is ofneglge ewa s te t t Bi ng Ar taora
b) t r he sue
i nc s ubmitd o he ndi bir t nd
i s p e s sae te r a o t) cru tn es,a d e d n e s p ri g t e
f o la e tt h e s n s, ic msa c t) n vie c u po tn h
a s r i n t tM r H e r o
s e to ha
. nde s n;

()Th r a o t) a do cr l tnc t)wh t is e o n gie c wa n t
c e e s n s n /r icl a e s y he su f e lg n e s o
ms
s itd t Bi ng Ar ta i i l ng a ls ofa and a ldoc e sr a e
ubm te o ndi
bir ton, ncudi
it ny
l um nt elt d
t
heret
o;

( Di M r He ron c de a or admi neglge e? Plas sae wih
d) d . nde s once nd/
t i nc
e e tt t
s ii iy t f l ng:
pec fct he olowi

i The ras s a or crumsa t) why Mr He ron
.
e ont) nd/
ic tnces
. ndes
c ede a ted ne i nce,i udi a ls of a and a1 doc e t
onc d/ dmit
glge
ncl ng it
ny
1 um n s
r lt d t r t a
ea e he e o; nd
i.Pl as des rbe a or s m a i e any a a lc m uni a i w ih M r
i e e c i nd/ um r z
nd 1 om
c tons t
.
Hende s r ltngt hi c
r on e ai o s once son/dm ison ofne i nc
si a s i
glge e.

l er oaat Num be 22:Pla e sae wih s cii t why M r Courne M uns and
nt r oa
r
e s t t t pe fciy
.
t y
on
N unci we e dr
o r opped fom t Underyi A c i a ls of a doc e s r l tng t
r
he
l ng ton, i t
ny
um nt e a i o
t m be ng dr
he
i
opped,a why no ot r def nda was dr ppe fom t Unde l ng
nd
he
e nt
o d r
he
ryi
A ci
ton.

A.De endantsPoston asSt e i l sM oton and Re y
f
'
ii
at d n t
i
pl

Ass tf rh i isM oin ( 6 1 Dee d n camst tPlitf h swav d alofh r
e o t n t t DE 0 , fn a t li ha anif a i e l e
o
wok-r d c o j ci n t te p o u to o te e isa is e a d t te rs n e t te
r p o u t be to s o h r d cin f h mal t su n o h epo s s o h

itro ao istr ug te d crneo is e ij cin.De e d n ag e ta b c us Plitf
n er g tre h o h h o ti f su n e to
fn a t r u s h t e a e anif
s e t r cove t a bir ton a r t o h a Cobl nt- t n a ee e ,2 she ha vol a iy
e ks o e
r he r tai wa d hr ug
e z syk gr m nt
s unt rl

a s re t tt stl nta ee nta abirtonweer as bl a i goodf t ( 60,
s etd ha he eteme gr me nd r tai
r e ona e nd n
aih. DE
pgs 141 Bec us Pl nifhast btr n t pr t elme sofra ona e s a g
. - . a e aitf
he lde o ove he e nt
e s blnes nd ood
f ih i o de t r ove unde a Coblnt agr e e ,Def nda as e t t ti i Pl ntf who
at n r r o ec r
r
e z e m nt
e nt s rs ha t s ai if

h sij ce te is e i t te c s . d. e eo e Plitf s o l n tb pemitdt p o u e
a ne td h su s no h a e 1 Th rf r , anif h u d o e r te o r d c
e d e die l r a e t t is ofgood f ih butsm ulane l pr ve Def ntfom
vi enc r cty elt d o he s ues
at
i t ousy e nt enda r

rltd d so ey t rb f h rcams ( 6 , s 5 6 . fnd n a srsta i i e tte t
eae ic v r o e u f e li . DE 0 pg . - 1 Dee a t se t h t t s nild o
r buf Pli ifscl ms ofgood f ih t ough ç oad dic r 'a t e a lc r ponde e
e f antf
ai
at hr
t
br
s ove y' nd he m i ores
nc
a is ge al c t gorze as ta bir ton, i e teme s'tdimi s ' a t ta e ' i
t s ue, ner ly a e i d
ér tai ' l tl nt' d s s al ' nd t r t gy,' s
' s
s
ne es a y t de e mi i t Coblnt ag e menta is was t i e by ba f t fa or
c s r o t r ne f he
e z re
t s ue
ant d
d aih, r ud,
c l i 1 a 6.
olus on. d. t

To s
uppor t s c e i Def nda ar s t t Pli if ha made t pr t c e
t hi ontnton, e nt gue ha a ntf s
he o e t d
i or a i s cii aly, t e a l be w e Pl ntf s pr or a cur e c
nf m ton, pe fc l he m is t en ai if
i nd
r nt ouns l hi y
e , ghl

r lva tt t c ebe us t e al s
ee n o he as ca e he m is how t tco elc l d i ba f ih a ns De enda
ha uns olude n d at gai t f nt

US ( 6 , g. ) Dee d n a s rst a isp ei naydic v r s p o t t epr p sto
AA. DE 0 p 5 . fn a t s et h t t rlmi r s o ey u p rs h o o i n
i
t a t e atr e s i t s c s ,n mey,Mr Ro h n,M r M ao ,M r Cumi h m,a d M r
h t h to n y n hi a e n l
. t ma
. j r . l ng a n
.
M iha l Knec , Es , co el f Hendes t i ur d, t oted t ehe a j nty
c e
ht q. uns or
ron, he ns e d t og t r nd oi l
pl
c ule ba f ih a t ne .'1 D ef nt cl i s t t t a t ys de de t di m i s M r
ons t d d a t tor ys ' d. enda
a m ha he tonw
ci d o s s
.
2 The Co t not t t t ag e e at is i no a tue Coblnt a e
ur
es ha he r em nt
s ue s t r
e z gr ement r her i i a hybrd
i
, at , t s

Ct e l/r taina re n a dic se i teCo r' p irOr e ( 4 , g. 1
llnzabi to ge me t s s us d n h u ts ro d r DE 9 p 20.
r
4

M uns fom t unde l ng lws t i ba f ih,a f ie t hie a co tr porer a t
on r
he
ryi a ui n d at nd a ld o r
ur e t t he
unde l ng a bir ton i o de t conc alt rba f ih. d.
ryi r ta i n r r o
e hei d a t 1

Fi ly,De e ntas e t t tbe a e e tbls ng t ba f ih,fa and coluson
nal
f nda
s rs ha c us sa ihi hat d at r ud,
l i
e sed i t unde l ng s tl me a e nt i vial t is def ns , De e nt s d be
xit n he
ryi e te nt gr eme s t o t
e e
f nda houl
e tted t br d dic r of t t ppr xi aey 909 e al be we n M r Rohma a M r
n il o oa s ove y
he i o m t l
a
' m is t e
. t n nd .

Mao a d M r Cu n n h m. Dee a tcams t a t e e e is t o t t e v r h a to
jr n
. n i g n 3 fnd n li h t h s mal s o h ey e r f
g
ra o a ln s a d g o fih'g 6 ,p 6 a d alg st a d n a o d s o ey it is e
e s n b e e s n o d at ' DE 0 g. 1 n le e h t e il f ic v r no su s

ta Plitf v l a i ijce it tec s wo l bema ie ty u fi.I .De e d n a srs
h t anif ot rl ne td n o h a e ud
mt y
nf sl n ar d fn a t se t
t tPl i if i t prm a y s zc of e denc t the a t ne l olude wih t i ur d
ha antf s he i r otr e
vi e ha r tor ys i l d t he ns e
c
a i tU SAA Cl 'i c e i t la lt e e i i o a s tl m e a e m e ,a e e i
gans
C' n ons ntng o ibiiy, nt rng nt e te nt gr e nt nd ntrng
a bir to I De e
r tai n. d f ndan a gue t tde ng i a ce st t shi y r l va i o m a i woul
t r s ha nyi t c s o hi ghl e e nt nf r ton
d
pr cud De enda fom pr ng i o t is of ba f ih,fa a c l i a woul
e l e f nt r
obi nt he s ues
d at r ud, nd oluson nd
d
hi risa lt t de e is l a ns Pli ifscli s I
nde t biiy o f nd t ef gai t a ntf
am . d
B . Pl ntf Pos t on as St e i H er Res
ai irs ii
at d n
pons
e

P an iffld h rRe p n eo Mac 2, 01 .( 6 1 Plitf ag e ta s eha n t
litf ie e s o s n r h 2 8 DE 3 . an if r u s h t h s o

ij ce teis e o b d fih fa , n c lu init t ec s smpy b fl s t oe o c
ne td h su s f a at , rud a d ol so n o h a e i l y i uit nf re
ng
aCo lnza r e n .( 63 pg 2 . n ta , h cams i i Dee d n wh h sij ce t e e
b e t g e me t DE , . ) l se d s e li ,t s f n a t o a ne td h s
is i o t ltgai be us De e
s ues nt he ii ton ca e f ndan i a s ri ba f ih, f a a c l i as
t s s e tng d at r ud, nd oluson
a tr tve de e es 1 The e or a c di t Pl i if De e ntbea s t bur n ofpr
fima i
f ns . d. r f e, c or ng o antf, f nda
r he de
oof

a d i t eij ci p ry. d Plitf ag e t ttee i n b a k twav ro p iie eme ey
n s h ne tng a t I anif r u s ha h r s o ln e i e f rvlg r l
be a e s ha fl d s tt e o ce a Cobl z a e m e .1 Pl i if f t r a gues t tt
c us he s i e ui o nf r
ent gr e nt d. a ntf urhe r
ha he

e isc n ttt o i inwo kp o uc, ihç no san al a s lt i nt 'a dc n o y
mal o si e p no r r d twh c é j y e ry b ou e mmu iy' n a nl
u
e
3 Alhough t pates dic s t e l a numbe i ûa o mael 99 ' t r wee 1 tbbe e i
t
he ri
s us he mais s
rng tppr xi t y
' he e r 27 a d mal
c rs
ore ponde ss it t t Cour f i ca e ar viw . efn.4,i r .
nce ubm ted o he
t or n m r e e Se .
nfa

be dic r d i ve y r r a e r or na y cr
s ove e n r a e nd xta di r icumsa s.Ther f e,s dam st tnone of
tnce
e or he i ha

tee iss o l b p o u e t De e d n .DE 6 , g 5 .
h mal h ud e r d c d o fn a tl 3 p . )
C. D e endant sPos ton as St e i I sR epl
f
'
ii
at d n t
y

Dee d n t nfldaRe l g 6 1 i whc i rieae isag me tt t an ifh s
fn a t he ie
py DE 4 ,n ih t etrts t r u n ha Plitf a

wave h rwo k p o u to j cin b ij digt is e o g o fiha ra o bln s it
i d e r - r d c b e to s y n e n he su s f o d at nd e s na e e s n o
t i c s . DE 6 , g. ) De e d n rq e t t a t eCo r o d rt e isb p o uc da dt
hs a e g 4 p 3 . f n a t e u ss h t h u t r e he mal e r d e n he
i t rog t re a is bt a we e be us bot dic r r quess tg t t ve y hea tof
n e r a o is t s ue
ns r d ca e h s ove y e t do o he r
r

wh t rb dfih fa d, n c lu i naep e e t'nti c s .g 6 , g. q
ehe a at , ru a d ol so r r s n'i h s a e DE 4 p 5 .
11
1.

I C AM ER A R EV I
N
EW

I is M o i n t Compel De e
n t
to o
, f ndan s ug a i c r r vi w by t Cour of t
t o ht n n ame a e e
he
t he
e al a is t de e m i i Pli ifha i i il wave a prvie o i t e al a e
m is t sue o t r ne f antf s mplcty i d ny i l ge r f he m is r
pr e t d wor pr t Att M ar h 1 201 hea i t pa te a e t i c r r vi w
ot c e
k oduc . he
c 2, 8 rng, he ris gr ed o n ame a e e
on a e pare ba i by t unde sgne a t Cour t r or dieced Pl i ift s
n x t s s he
r i d, nd he
t he ef e r t
antf o ubmi t
t he

C is a is e ( 6 j Plitf s b te te e iso M ac 1 ,2 8. The Co r h s
ma1 t su . DE 7 . an if u mi d h mal n rh 2 01 4
t
ut a
c e uly r viwe t e a l whi a eatt c nt roft sdic r diput
ar f l e e d he m is ch r he e e
hi s ove y s e.
IV.

AN A LY SIS
A . W ork ProductD oct ne
ri

Pli ifa gue t tt wihhel e al a i erogaor r pons a e pr eded by t
antf r s ha he t d m is nd nt r t y es es r ot
he

wok p o u td crn a d ta te d crn ofwav rb is e ij cin d e n ta pl Th
r - r d c o tie n h t h o tie
i e y s u n e to o s o p y. e
Cour not t tt onl pr vie Pl i t f has a s re i t i t ntdi put i t w or pr uc
t es ha he y i l ge a n i f
s e t d n he nsa
s e s he
k- od t

4The e l s ted t t Cour f i c r r viw ae conti d i t l ge bi r . The frtbi r i
mais ubmit o he
t or n ame a e e r
ane n wo ar nde s
is nde s
t d 164,an t s co bi ri t bbe 65-1 AI oft doc nt a eBae sa
abbe d he e nd nde s a d
27. l he ume s r ts tmpedandwilber e e ed
l efr nc
i t s Or rby t r r pe i Baes samped numbe s Alo,i s d be notd t s
n hi de
hei es ctve t t
r . s t houl
e hat ome of t emal ae
he
is r
du iatsorne d i ts
plc e
ar uplcae .

prvieg The e or t sOr ronl a es est i s ofwave ofwor pr
i l e. r f e, hi de
y ddr s ht s ue
i r
k- odud prviege by
il

is eij cin.
su ne to
As t s i a f der l di r iy ac i f de a l w gove nswor pr tdocrne
hi s
e a ve st
ton, e r l a
r
k- oduc
ti
i s . ua ant e I . Co.
s ues G r e ns

He r an I s Br k r, I c,
ye n n . o es n .No. 1 - 8 -CI 2 4 W L
3 23 81 V, 01

5305581 a * ( D. a.Oct 5,201 , n Ca t Parne s I .v Twi Cf FieI .Co.
, t 2 S. FI
.1
4) Su pial t r , nc . n / r ns ,
.
y

No.1 81 97C1 2015 W L 925 9,a * ( D. a.De 1 201 .Fedea Rul ofCi l
2- 3 - V,
701 t 3 S. FI c. 8, 5)
rl e
vi
Pr ed e26( ( , chs t f t t wor pr uc docrne,saesi r e ntpa t
oc ur b)3)whi es orh he k- od t ti tt n elva r:
( Doc nt a Ta bl Thi .Or narl apm' maynotdic rdocumensa
A) ume s nd ngi e ngs di iy, t
y
s ove
t nd
t ngi e t ngs t t a e pr pa e i an i pa i of ltga i or f ti l b or f
a bl hi
ha r e r d n tci ton
ii ton
or ra y
or

a he pa t orisrprs nttve (ncudi t ot rpa t sat ney,c ula ,
not r ry t e e e ai i l ng he he ry' tor
ons tnt
s rt id mni r is rr o a e t.Bu ,s be tt Ru e26b)4) t s maeil
u ey, n e t , n u e, r g n ) t u j c o l ( ( , ho e tras
o
m a bedic e i:
y
s over d f

1.
Theyaeot m iedico rbl unde Rul 26( ( ) a
r he s s vea e
r e b)1 ; nd
2.
The pa t s
ry hows t t i ha s t nta ne d f t m aera s t
ha t s ubsa i l e or he t il o
pr par is c s a c nno , wihout undue ha ds p, obt i t r
e e t a e nd a t t
r hi
an hei
s t nta equi e by ot rm e ns
ubsa il valnt
he a .

( PrtcinAg i s Dico t e I t c u t r esd so e yo tos maeil,tmu t
B) oe to an t s lsz .f he o r o d r ic v r f h e tras i s
r
pr ec a i tt dicos e of t m e ali pr sons c usons opi ons or
ot t gans he s l ur
he nt m es i , oncl i , ni ,
l ga t oresofa pa t s a t ne orot rr pr ent tve c er ng t ltga i
e l he i
ry' tor y
he e es a i onc ni he ii ton.

Fe R. v. 26( ( .
d. Ci P. b)3)
Rul 26( ( esa ihes t tes of pr e i frt wor pr t prpa e i
e b)3) tbls wo ir
otcton: is, k oduc e r d n
an i pa i ofltgai n by a a t ne orhi a ti dic r e onl upon a s
tci ton ii to
n tor y
s gen s s ove abl y
howi ofne
ng
ed
a ha ds p; a s c
nd r hi nd e ond, ûc e' or S ni ' k pr tt t e om pa s s t ç nt l
ûor '
ç on'wor oduc ha nc
opi
s e he % a
me
i pr s i ,c l i ,o ni l galt ores ofan a t ne orot r r pr e a i ofa pa t
m e sons onc usons pi on, e
he i
tor y
he e es nt tve
ry

c tr ng t ltga i 'i ç ne al a f r ne ra ol e pr e ton fom dico r 'Kahn
onc ni he ii ton' s k r ly f o ded a bs ut ot c i r
ge
s vey.
'

Unie St e ,No.13243 C1 201 W L 411 ,a * ( D.Fl J y 8, 5 (ii f
td ats
- 66- V, 5
2081 t 4 S. a. ul 201 ) ctng n
r Cend Cor Sec Lii ,343 F. 658( Ci.
e
ant p. . tg.
3d
3d r2003)( tngFe R. P.26( ( )a I r
cii d. CW.
b)3 nd n e
Fo dMot Co. 11 F. 95 96 n. ( Ci.997).
r
or , 0 3d 4, 2 7 3d r1 )

FACT W ORK PRODUCT
Fa twor pr ti udesaldoc e s i or ai a t ngi et ngspr pa ed a
c
k oduc ncl
1 um nt , nf m ton, nd a bl hi
e r nd

gahee i a ii ton ofltgain orf tilStr v O' nn,253F. D.663,685( D. a.
t rd n ntcpai
ii to
or ra. e n . Qui
R.
S. FI
2008) Thepa t s ki s h dicovey mus s ai ubsa ilne d' a t uehads p'
.
ry ee ng uc s r
t how t tnta e ' nd ç
s
und
r hi '
i ob ani t ma e i l o t i s tnta e vae by o he m e ns unde Rul
n t i ng he
t ras r her ubsa i l qui lnt
t r
a
r
e

2 ( )3 ( (i. la y v Pa J h s US I c, .0 - 9 9 C1 2 0 W L 4 2 8 ,a
6 b ()A)i) Calwa . pa o n' A, n .No 9 61 8 - V, 01
0 48 3 t
*7( D. a. 12,2010 .
S. Fl Od.
)
OPI I W O RK PR OD U CT
N ON

Opi on wor pr uc e m pa s s a1 ma e i l t t r fec s t m e a i es i ,
ni
k od t nco s e l t ra ha e l t he nt l mpr sons
c us ons opi ons o l ga t or e of an a t ne or ot r pr e a i of a pa t
oncl i , ni , r e l he i s
tor y
her e es nt tve
ry

c e nngt ltg ton.Fe R.Ci P.26( () Wilams v Moor ,221D.3d 117 118
onc r i he iiai
d.
v.
b)3 ; li on .
e
7, 2
(ii Hikman v Ta or 329U. 495,67 S. .385,393,91L. 451( 947:.Rul 26( (
ctng c
. yl ,
S.
Ct
Ed.
1
e b)3)
pr des t t e n i t pa t s ki dicove y of i or ai ot r s pr t ctd by
ovi
ha , ve f he ry ee ng s r
nf m ton he wie o e e

t wor pr uc doc rneha m a t r quiie s
he k- od t ti
s de he e st howi ofnee a undue ha ds p,c t
ng
d nd
r hi ours
mus silpr t c a i tt dicos e ofopi on wor pr t Kahn,201 W L 411 1 a *
t tl o e t ga ns he s l ur
ni
k oduc .
5
208 , t 4

(ii l r Cen
ctng n e dantCor Se .Lii ,343 F.d 658 ( Ci. ) I t Elvenh Cic t
p. c tg.
3
3d r2003). n he e t rui,

o no wo kp o u te j y an al a ou ei nt a dc nb ds o rd o yi veyrr
piin r r d c n o s e ry bs lt mmu i n a e ic vee nl n r ae
y
a e r or na y c r um sa es Cox v Admi sr or U. Stel( Car gi,1 F. 1
nd xta di r ic t nc .
.
nitat
S. e Q
ne e 7 3d 386,

1 ( 1h Ci.994) Se fak Shor Radi or I .v Radi orEx e s War s ,2007W L
421 1 t r1 ; e e
e
at ) nc . at pr s
ehou e
8 9, *4 ( . Fl.
4298
M D. a2007)Cs ni wo k pr t i abs ut y i
opi on
r
oduc s
ol el mmune fom
r
dic r ';Unde ie sl .Co.v. l a GasLi Co.248F. D. 2008W L 48901
s ovey.'
l
rwrtr ns
Atant
ght ,
R. 663,
6,

*6 ( D.Ga.2008)(:T) ltrltxtofRul 26( ( a isi e eai by c t i t s
N.
$g he iea e
e b)3) nd t ntmrtton
ours n hi
cic ts es t tt Rul pr vi s a a ol t ba t di c r ng t m ent li pr s i of a
r ui ugg t ha he e o de n bs u e r o s ove i he
a m e s ons n

8

at neyorrpr snttve.) Fe a wor pr ti
tor
e ee ai ' . derl k- oduc mmuniy e endst doc nt prpaed i
'
t xt
o ume s e r n
a tci ton ofunde l ng sae c tltga i M ii z 247 F. D . t700.
n i pa i
ryi t t our ii ton. lnaz o,
R. a
B. A t ls W ai
- sue
ver

Thes b e tmatrwav rd crn p o i e t a ap rywhoij csi t t c s a is
u j c- te i e o tie r v d s h t a t
n e t no he a e n sue
t ti f ines r quiesa e m i ton ofcommunia i ot r s pr e t d by t a tr yha n ar s e r n xa na i
c tons he wie ot c e
he to ne
ci tprvie l e t tprvieg
len i l ge os s ha i l e.Cox v Adm ' U S.St l( Car gi ,1 F.d 1 6, 1
.
r
ee f
ne e 7 3 38 422

( 1h Ci.9 4 (iigGAB Bu . Se
1 t r1 9 ) ctn
s nw, I c v S n c t 6 ,8 9 F.d 7 5, 7 2 ( 1h
n . . y diae 27 0 2 5 6 1 t
Ci.9 7 ) i-l e pan ln u g o Fe R. V. 26b ( )s g e t ta o no wo k p o u t
r1 8 ).tlh li a g a e f d. Ci P. ()3 u g ss h t piin r r d c
gs o l n tb s b e tt s c a i idwav r a t a t erto l b hn t ed crn (h
h ud o e u j c o u h n mpl
e ie , nd h t h ainae e id h o tie te
f a t tapa t mi l
e r ha
ry ght make a fr tve t si
fimai e tmonilus ofa c
a e'
omm uni ton a t n s e t
cai nd he e k o

s ed ifom dicos e doesnota yt me a i e sonsa l lt ore .'Co 1 F.
hil t r
s l ur)
ppl o ntl mprs i nd ega he is' x, 7 3d

a 1 2 (ingI r M a t Ma ita Cop. 8 6 F.d61 6 6 ( t Ci.98 ) c r.d ni4 4 0
t 4 2 ct n e ri ret r t 5 2 9, 2 4h r1 8 , e / e e 9
i
n
U. 1 1 (98 )( u tn Du a Cop.v De rn M il e ,I c,5 F.d 1 5 1 2 ( t
S. 01 1 9 q o ig pl n r . e ig li n n . 40 2 21 , 2 3 4h
k
Ci.976).The docti ofça-sue'wave rss on t prnci e off nws .Ma e
r1 )
rne stis ' i r e t
he i pl
ai s plwood
Parnes L. v.ndi Har l .Co.295F. D. 624( D. a 201 .
t r, P. l an bor ns ,
R. 550, S. FI. 3)

l Co ,he Elv nh Cic i sae t tte t u j c matrwav r d crn d e n t
n xt
e e t rut ttd ha h ç b e t te ie o tie o s o
s
e e t m ae i l pr e t d by t opi on wor pr t prvie ' Co 1 F. a 1
xtnd o tras ot c e
he ni
k oduc i l ge. x, 7 3d t 422
'

(ii I r Mari Maret Cor ,856F. 61 625- ( h Ci.1 ).Cox c i rd t
ctng n e tn ita p.
2d 9, 26 4t r 988)
onsdee he
C r r r a e r or na y cic sa es' under whi o ni wor pr t ca be
é y a e nd xta di r r um t nc '
ve
ch pi on
k oduc n
di c r d.The El ve t Cic tf und t tt c i e f a e pton pr ent one oft ve y
s ove e
e n h r ui o
ha he rm - r ud xce i
es ed
he r

r r a e e i lcic sa esi whih opi on wor pr ti dic r e,butdeci
a e nd xc ptona r um t nc n
c
ni
k oduc s s ove abl
lned

t d ca e t e s b e t matr wav r d crn a a rr a d e c p in l cr u tn e f .
o e lr h u j c te ie o tie s ae n x e to a ic msa c . #
Howe r s r lc t ha he d,s e ntt Co t ta pa t ca wave is opi on wor
ve , eve a ours ve l ubs que o x, ha
ry n i t ni
k-

pr tprvie pur ua t t docrne ofa-s uewa ve i i c
oduc i l ge s nt o he ti
ti s
i r f t once nst me a i es i
r he nt l mpr sons
a o ni ofc
nd pi ons ouns li t c e ofba f ih ltga i See Tol v Geio Ge I .Co.No.
e n he ontxt
d at ii ton.
z . c
n. ns
,

08 8
- 0663- V,201 W L 384745( D. a J n. 201 )(ponpr rs wi a i tr rmay
C1
0
S. FI. a 27, 0 u
ope ho ng, n nsle
be e tte t dic rwor pr tm a e i s c ai d i t fl ofc
n ild o s ove
k- oduc t ral ont ne n he ie
ouns lwho r pr s ntd
e
e ee e

t i urd i t undel ngaci ;s eMa e
he ns e n he
ryi ton) e plwood Parner L. v I an Har l .Co.
t s, P. . ndi
bor ns ,
No.08- 43- V,2011W L 3 85 a * ( D.Fl Se .6,2011,a rd t o deni of
233 C1
91 97, t 2 S. a. pt
) dhee o n al
r onsdeai 295 F. D.550 ( D.Fl 201 ) (i ng t t pl ntfs ha wave wor
ec i rton,
R.
S. a. 3 fndi ha ai if d i d k-

p o u tp oe to b p tigt i atr e s a s s me t a is e ; e nv O ' in 25 F. D.
r d c rtcin y utn her to n y ' se s n s t su l Str . Qun , 3 R.
6 3 6 6 7 ( D.F1 2 0 ) (p yn t e a-su d crne a a wav r o o i o wo k
6 , 7 -7 S. a 0 8 a plig h tis e o ti s
ie f pnin r
pr t;Batheo v Gei Cas Co.No.6: 1CV- 071ORI,201 W L 3697691 a * ( .
oduc) c lr . co . ,
1- 1 - , 4
, t 4 M D.
Fl Apr 22,201 ,afd,
a. .
4) f No.6: - 1 11CV- 071 ORL- 201 W L 3687 ( . Fl J 20,
37, 4
490 M D. a. une
201 (lo ng t pr ton ofopi on wor pr tt tdiecl r ae t t a t ed
4) alwi he oduci
ni
k oduc ha r ty eltd o he tempt

stlme to p an ifsis rn ecam, ihwa t s be to t i tn a t n .
ete n f litf n u a c li whc s he u j c f he nsa t ci )
o
I Tol v Geco Gen I .Co.No.0880663- V,201 W L 384745 ( D. a J n.27,
n z . i
. ns ,
C1
0
S. FI. a
201 ,t Honor eUnie Stt DititJ
0) he
abl td aes src udgeKe h A.M arac i r dwhehe t amwt
r onsde e
t r he t
is docrne a i t a at ne s t ug s a m e a i pr s i i t c e of ba
s ue ti ppled o n tor y' ho ht nd nt l m e sons n he ont xt
d
f ih ltgai n.I t t c e,a pl ntf s de e nt GEI f a tng i ba f t i t
at ii to n ha as
ai if ued f nda
CO or c i n d aih n he
ha i oft unde l ng s a e cl i . d.a *1 A s a a fnna i def ns ,GEI a s t d t t
ndlng he
ryi t t a m 1 t .
n fi tve e e
CO s ere ha

apat i t undel ng c e (ç a dos' t ea ona y r f ed t a ce GEI Stnde of
ry n he
ryi as s na ' mr s bl eus o c pt CO' e r
Gr
)
t polcy lm is I GEI m ove t c pelt pr
he i i t . d
CO
d o om
he oduc i oft ltga i fl m a nt i d by
ton he ii ton ies i a ne

t 1w fr (û ry' who rprs nt Grnadosi t underyi lws t 1 Spe fc ly,
he a im sseac '
)
e e e ed a
n he
l ng a ui. d. ciial
GEI
CO s
ought C l doc e t a t ngs r l e t t f r ul ton a pr e a i n of
tl
a
um n s nd hi
e at d o he o m a i
nd es nt to
s tl m e de a a of e s a t de e m i ton oft va ue ofGr na 'cl i s '1
e te nt m nds nd f r , nd he t r na i
he l
a dos a m . d
'

TheHo a eUnie Stt M a sr t J e Li
nor bl
t d a es gita e udg nneaJ
ohns gr nt d GEI Sr que t
on a e
CO' e s,
r as ng t :
e oni hat

t t ug sa me a i es i ofGr dosa he a t ne wih r pec
he ho ht nd nt l mpr sons
ana
nd r tor ys t es t
t t unde l ng pr edi a e die ty r e
o he
ryi
oce ng r r c l elvantt t i tnt a ton f ba
o he nsa c i or d
f ih, a s
at s uch t
hought a me a i es i pr de t bes e denc of
s nd nt l mpr sons ovi he t vi e
whe he Gr na unr s bl r u e t a ce t polc lmisa i s di
t r a dos ea ona y ef s d o c pt he i y i t nd, f he d,
whehe GEI ha a r as bl o runiy t s tl t c am .The f usi on
t r
CO d e ona e ppo t t o e te he l i
oc s
t s t nceoft i onna i s
he ubsa
he nf
ton oughti t underyi a ton a whehert t
n he
l ng c i nd
t ha
i o ton s
nf nna i heds lght on t dee mi i is i ve i t pr e
i
he tr natve s ues nvol d n he es nt
llgai n, twhih pm i s t ht a m e a i e sonsa ei vol d.
ii to no
c
e ' houg s nd ntl mpr s i
r n ve

Tol v.GEI Gen.I s Co.No.08z
CO
n. ,
80663- V,201 W L 11
Cl
0
509325,a *1( D.Fl Fe 9,
t S. a. b.
201 .
0)

S a c o j de t M a itaeJ dg J h s n' r ln , u J dg M ar f u dt a J d e
e r y b e d o gsrt u e o n o s uig b t u e ra o n h t u g
J hns s r lng r ga di opi o w o k pr
o on' u i e r ng ni n r oduc ç annot be s i t be c ea l e r ous or
tt
c
ad o
l ry r one

c nrr t lw. J d eM ar u h l t ma itaej g ' fn n t a ç pn o wo kp o uc
o ta y o a ' u g ra p ed he g srt ud es idig h t i ii n r r d t
'
o
i no i olt a ma be i de when t i or ai con a ne wihi t wor pr uc
s t nvi a e nd y
nva d
he nf m ton t i d t n he
k- od t
ma e i s i diecl a is ,'a f rhe ,t t s h i or ton i ofen û r ty a is i
t ral s r ty t s ue' nd u t r ha uc nf ma i s t s ec l t s ue n
di
c s agans a i tr rf al ge vi a i oft dgt ofgood f t ' Tol,201 W L 38
a es i t n nsle or le d oltons he y
aih. z
'
0
4745
a *4.Bec us t c ai an ' unw ilngnes t s tl t c a m w a r l nt as t w he he t
t
a e he l m t s
li
s o e te he l i
s e eva
o
t r he

i ur r a t d i ba f ih,t c tf md t t t i ur r upon t pr r s
ns e c e n d at he our ot ha he ns e ,
he ope howi m a be
ng, y
e il t dic rwor pr
ntted o s ove
k- oduc ma e i l co a ne wihi t tl ofc
t t ras nt i d t n he ie ouns who r pr en e
el
e es t d
t i ur d i t unde l ng labiiy a ton.I ;See Bat he o N o.6: 1 CV - 071 O RL,201
he ns e n he
ryi i lt c i d
c l r,
1- 1 4
W L 3697691 a *4.
,t

The M a e
plwood Parne s c t a s f
t r our lo ound t t a pa t ca wave is opi on wor
ha
ry n i t
ni
kpr
oduc prvieg i t i or a i s
t i l es f he nf m ton oughtc er t m e a i pr s i a o ni oft
onc ns he nt l m e s ons nd pi ons he
pa te 'a t ysi ba f t ltga i t ough a - s ue w a ve . a e
ri s tonw n d aih ii ton hr
ti s
i r M pl wood Par ne s L. ,2011
t r , P.
W L 3 597, a *7.l t t c e,t c ta l e di cove y i t a a t r y' opi on w or
918
t
n ha as he our low d s
r n o n to ne s ni
k

pr ductpe ti ng t ç tma e ,evauatons a o as e s e s' of pot i l l l la lt
o
ra ni o s i t s
es
l i , nd/ r s s m nt'
enta ega ibiiy

a / s tl me vaues i a s t s e y f r b e ch of c r c of a die t s a ofi r
nd or e te nt l
n
ui oll o r a
onta t
r c or nd fce s

is rnc p iy t id mn f t e c s o d f n e fe a d j d me to s tlme ta u t,
n u a e ol o n e iy h o t f ee s e s n u g n r ete n mo ns
c
be us i wa r lva t t pl i ifs ca m t t t de e
ca e t s ee nt o he antf li ha he f ndan f ie t f il a l a e t
t a ld o a ry loc t he
co e l s
ver d os .

Bot Fof a M a e
h z nd plwood Par ne s de
t r monsr t t tt r a e c ran st tons ofe
ta e ha he e r e ti iuai , tn
i vi c e ag ns a i tr rf alege vi a i oft du y ofgood f ih,or asi t
nvol ng as s ai t n nsle or l d oltons he t
at , n he
i tntc e,a lged vi ai nsof t dut ofgood f t a r s bl nes on t pa toft
nsa as le
ol to
he y
aih nd ea ona e s
he r
he
pl i if orc l i n,whe et docrneofa -s uewaverc d c tt e oneoft S r r r
antf, oluso
r he ti
tis
i oul onsiut
he t y a e
ve
a e r o di z cr umsa e ' i whih o ni n wor pr uc may be dic r bl The
nd xta r na y ic t nc s' n
c pi o
k od t
s ove a e.
Cour not t tt docrne oft tis 'waverr ss on t prncpl off m e s M a e
t es ha he ti
d -s ue' i e t
a
he i i e ai s . plwood
Parne s 295 F. D.a 624.Asno e i Tol,4 he wor pr
t r,
R. t
td n z f
t
k- odud prvieg i noti olt a
i l e s
nvi ae nd
m a be i de when t i or aton c a ned w ihi t w or pr
y
nva d
he nf m i ont i
t n he
k- oduc m a e i l i die ty a
t tra s s r c l t
i s .' 0 W L 38 45 a *
s ue ' 201
47 t 4.

The i t ntca ei vol a lge vi ai oft dut ofgood f ih a r s bl s
nsa
s n ves le d ol tons he y
at nd ea ona ene s
on t pa tofPl i if I woul beunf i t pr ve De e n fom dic y i o i o ton
he r
antf . t
d
ar o e nt f nda t r
s over nt nf nna i
w hi c d po e i ly s d lghton t a l ge ba f t condud oft pa tes or l c ofgood
ch oul t nta l he i
he le d d aih
he r i , a k
f ih a unr s bl ne s when i i Pl i tf who i i e tng t i s s ofr s bl nes a
a t nd ea ona e s ,
t s a n if
s ns ri he s ue
ea ona e s nd

g o fi o t a r e n it ti c s . e Br d l v M i- n ie Ca u l Co n ,1
o d at f he ge me tn o h s a e S e ahed . d co tn nt s at mpa y 5
h
y
F.Supp.3d 1 ( . Fl 201 ( di t ti plitfsmus i r
253 M D. a. 4) hol ng ha f anif
t ntoducee de a t t
vi nce s o he
r a o blnes a lc ofba f ih i or rt pr vai,t y c nnott n hi be nd t s ed
e s na e s nd a k
d at n de o e l he a
he de hi he hi l

ofprvieg t prve dee n fom efe tvel c lngi s h e de e .Theeor ,i t
i l e o e nt fnda t r
fci y hale ng uc vi nc ) rf e f he
e a l i diput i e c a n i or a i whi h i di e ty r l ntt t g
m is n s e nde d ont i nf m ton
c s r c l e eva o he ood f ih bas s or
at
i

r as bl ne soft hybrd Cobl z a e m e r ta i a r t a -s ue wa ve docrne
e ona e s
he
i
ent gr e nva bir ton wa d, he tis
i r ti
may a y.Se Tol,2010 W L 38
ppl e z
4745 a # M a ewood Parne s L. ., 2011W L 3918
t 4; pl
t r, P
597,a
t
*7.Thi i onl f i.
s s y ar
C . Pl ntf K e e' A t l s W ai i t l t C as
ai if hl s - s ue
ver n he ns ant
e

Toe tb ih t a Plitf h si e d wave he o ii n wo k-r d c o j cin t t e
sa ls h t anif a nd e i d r pn o r p o u t b e to s o h
e a l whih pe ti t t good f ih a r as bl nes of t hybrd Cobl nt
m is
c
ran o he
a t nd e ona e s
he
i
e z

a e m e / bir ton a r bew e n Pli if a M r He r on,De e ntm us s ts y t
gr e ntar ta i wa d t e antf nd . nde s
f nda
t a if he
tle - r H e n t t He nv. y,68 F. D. ( D.W as 1 . A p r yw a ve w o kl e pa t ar es . ar Rha
r
R. 574 E.
h. 975)5 a t i s r

p o u tp oe to wh n ( )a s ri no t ep oe to rs lsfo s mea fr t a tb t
r d c r tcin e 1 se t f h rt cins e ut r m o fimai c y he
o
ve
pa t i ng t prtcton;( t ough t s afr tve ac,t ase tng pa t pus t
ry nvoki he oe i 2) hr
hi fimai
t he s ri
ry t he
pr eced i or to a is by ma ng i r e ntt t c e;a ( a iai of t
ot t nf main t sue
ki t tlva o he as nd 3) pplc ton he
pr e i woul deny t opposng pa t a es t i or ton vialt is de ens Str v
otcton
d
he
i
ry cc s o nf ma i
t o t f e. e n

.

O ' in 2 3F. D. 6 , 6 ( D. a 2 0 )( iigGr ni Pa t r, . v Be r Sta n t
Qun , 5 R. 6 3 67 S. FI. 0 8 ctn a t rnes L P. . a , e r s o
e
Co, I c,1 4 F. D. 49 5 ( D. Y.9 9 ( ingHe r v Rh y 68 F. D. 5 4 5 1
. n . 8 R.
, 5 S. N. 1 9 ) ct
i
an . a,
R. 7 , 8
( D. a h.975).
E. W s 1 )
The Co ttndst tDe e ntha m e t trte e e o t He n t s be us i has
ur s
ha f nda
s t he s s lm nt f he ar e t ca e t
s
hown t t t a s to of t opi on wor pr t prvie wa a tr tve y r ie by
ha he s eri n
he ni
k- oduc i l ge s fs ma i l a s d

P an ifwh ns efldtelws tS eBr d ll,1 F. u p. da 1 5 Hee Plitf, oi
litf e h ie h a ui. e a jed 5 S p 3 t 2 7. r , an if wh s

tep ryiv kngt ewo k p o u tp oe to wi h v t ma eaprmaf ces o n t the
h a t n o i h r - r d c r tcin, l a e o k
l
i a i h wig ha t
hybrd Cobl nt a e m e / z t a i a a d w as r as
i
e z gr e nta bir ton w r
e onabl and m a i good f t i or r t
e
de n
aih n de o

e o ce t a e m e .1
nf r he gr e nt d.The e or Pli ifca
r f e, a ntf nnott de be nd t s e d of prvie ' t
d
hi
hi he hil
i lge' o
pr ven Def nda f om e f tve y cha l ngi t e de s pr e s 1
e t e nt r
f ec i l
le ng he vi nce he es nt . d.
5TheHe n t tha be n a edbyt El nt Cicui. SeeCo v.
ar es s e dopt
he eve h r t
x Adm ' UniedSt e Ste t Ca ne e 1
r t ats e l t r gi, 7

F.d 1 8 ( 1hCi.1 9 )
3 36 1t r 9 4.

De e ntha m e t s c
f nda
s t he e ond ee e oft He n t s by de onsr tng t tPli tf
lm nt he ar e t
m ta i ha a n if
has putt pr eced i or ton a i s by m a ng i r e ntt t s c e. ( 6 p .5 .
he ot t nf ma i t s ue
ki t elva o hi as DE 0, g 1
Pli ifhasm a t e a l bewe Pli tf sf m e co ms a he cure c
antf
de he m is t en a n if or r t el nd r r nt ouns lr lva
e ee nt
t t sc e be a e s mus s
o hi as c us he
t how t tt hybrd Coblnt a e m e /r tai n a r wasnot
ha he
i
e z gr e nta bir to wa d

t n e wih f d f ih,fa o c l i ' 1
ait d t i
ba at r ud, r oluson.' #.Afe r vi wi t diput d e al i came a,
tr e e ng he s e m is n
r
on a e parebass t Cour fndst tc ra n oft e al consiut f c wo k pr t whie
n x t i , he
t i ha e ti
he m is
tt e a t r oduc , l
o he s c tt e opi on wo k pr t a ot r c an bot f c a opi on wor pr ud .
t r onsiut
ni
r oduc , nd he s ont i
h a t nd ni
k od
Ast t e r lva e l whih consiut f ctwor pr t t Cour fnds t De e
o hos ee nt mais c
tt e a
k oduc , he
t i hat f ndant
has esa ihe s t nta ne d and an i biiy t o a n t ma e i l or t r s t tal
tbls d ubsa i l e
na lt o bt i he t ra s
hei ubsan i
e ui l n by ot rm e ns Ast t r l va e a l whih co tt e o ni n wo k pr t t
q va e t
he
a . o he e e nt m is c nsiut pi o
r oduc , he
Cour fndst tc ran oft t ht a me ali pr sonsoft a t ne i t sc s wih
t i ha e ti
he houg s nd nt m es i
he tor ys n hi a e t
r pe t t t s tl m e a e m e a t a bir ton a a d a e die ty r l va t t good
es c o he e te nt gr e nt nd he r t a i w r r r c l e t nt o he

f t a r s na e s oft a e m e a a r They a e a s r l ntt a l a i of
aih nd em o blne s he gr e nt nd wa d.
r lo eeva o leg tons
coluson.Ce t n oft emaiswoul pr de t be te denc ofwhet rM r Hende s , t
l i
rai
he
l
d ovi he s vi e
he
.
r on he

i ur d,t id down' durng t u ryi negotatons a i he di whe he he a Pl ntf
ns e i e
l
' i he nde l ng
i i , nd f
d, t r
nd ai if
Ke e ma t hybrd Coblnt a e m e / r ta i a r i ba f ih. y a e as r l va
hl de he
i
e z gr e nta bir ton wa d n d at The r lo e e nt
t whehe t r s ns Pl ntf c e t dimi s M uns n a Nl co we e t nt by faud,
o
t r he ea o
ai if hos o s s
o nd m i
r ai ed
r
c l i or ba f ih. De e nt ha a ne d f t e document a c nno obt n t m
oluson,
d at
f nda
s
e or hes
s nd a t ai he
e s w he e.
le r
Fi ly,t Cour fnds t t a l w i Pl i if t m a nt i he w or pr
na l he
ti
ha lo ng a ntf o i a n r
k- oduc pr vie
t i l ge

woul de USAA a ce st i o ma i via t is de e e be a e i wo d pr l USAA
d ny
c s o nf r ton t l o t f ns c us t ul ecude
fom pr ng i t t prm a y s c of e de e of alege bad f ih,fa , a colus on.
r
obi n o he i r our e
vi nc
l d
at r ud nd l i
Pl i if ha br
antf s ought a br a h of c r t aci a s ks t e o c t hybrd Cobl nt
ec
ontac ton nd ee o nf r e he
i
e z

a r me /r ta i a r a i tDe e ntUSA A i t a mtof $8, 804.As sa e
g ee nta bir ton wa d gans f nda
n he mot
818,
ttd
a ve t s rt of t a -s ue w a ve doc rne i t e our f ine s Enf ci t hybrd
bo , he pii
he t i s
i r t i s o nc age a r s .
or ng he
i

Coblnt a e nta bir ton a d r quie Pl ntf t e t bls by a prma f ci s
e z gr eme / r ta i war e r s ai if o sa ih,
i a e howi ,
ng
t t hybrd Cobl nt ag e m e / r tai n a r wasr a ona ea madei good f t , but
hat he
i
e z r e nta bir to wa d
e s bl nd
n
aih
t uli t bur n ofpr wilr twih USAA.Se Wr ge v Pe yl ani Lumbe mans
he tma e de
oof l es t
e an n
nns v a
r
.

MutI s Co.593F.Supp. 1 1 ( D. a. ) ( tng Chomatv Norhe nI s Co
. n. ,
2d 273, 279 S. Fl 2008 cii
. t r n. .

o w Y r ,91 S 2 5 5 5 8( a 3 DCA. 0 6 ) I wo db ma f sl t art p o ii
fNe o k 9 o.d 3 , 3 F1. d
2 0 ).t ul e nie ty mfi o r hbt
Defnda t fom dico y i o t c mt c tons be wee Pl i ifs f m e a c r
e n r
s ver nt he om mi a i
t n antf or r nd urent
at r
to neys r ga di t s tlm e a e nt t a bir ton pr e ngs and t a bir ton
e r ng he ete nt gr eme , he r ta i
oc edi ,
he r ta i

a r whi h a e die ty r e
wa d
c r r c l elvantt t r a ona ene s a good f t oft hybrd Cob e z
o he e s bl s nd
aih
he
i
l nt
a r e nfa bir ton a r a t is sofa l d c l i
g e me r ta i wa d, nd o s ue
lege oluson.

As sae i t e Co r' p i rOr e ( 4 ,pg 2 1 t e Co r wiln t t n tig
ttd n h u ts ro d r DE 9 . 0 , h u t l o t msrn
h
De e nt USAA fom purui dic r i o whe he t s tlm e bewe n Pli if a
f nda
r
s ng s ove y nt
t r he e te nt t e antf nd
He r on was r a ona e i good f t or a s m . To notalo De e
nde s
e s bl, n
aih,
ha '
'
lw
f ndantdic y i o
s over nt
s ii a ea of t underyi lws t woul de i Def nda of is o y s ur e of
pec fc r s
he
l ng a ui
d prve
e nt
t nl o c
i onnai n nee d t dee mi i t s tl me a ee nta ar tai a r we e i f c
nf
to
de o tr ne f he e te nt gr me nd bir ton wa d r n a t
r as bl ,fe fom c l i a m a i good f ih,a i wo d i ed de USAA a e s
e ona e r e r
oluson, nd de n
at nd t ul nde
ny
cc s

t i or ai n vialt isde e e.
o nf m to t o t f ns Thus De e nthasm e t t r e e
, f nda
t he hid l mentoft He n t t
he ar es.
The e or , t Cour fnds t t by s ki t e or e t hybrd Coblnt
r f e he
t i
ha ,
ee ng o nf c he
i
e z
a e m e / r ta i a a d, Pl i if ha put l t i s 't pa n e e s of t hybrd Cobl nt
gr e nta bir ton w r
a ntf s
t -s ue' he r m t r
a
he
i
e z

ag e mentar ta i a r i udi Pl ntf s a ee
re
/ bir ton wa d, ncl ng ai if gr ment t dim is M uns a Nunci
o s s
on nd
o
fom t lws ta pe mi t m t a d a la lt whie s eki t i pos a1 la lt upon
r he a ui nd r t he o voi ny ibiiy
l e ng o m e 1 i biiy
De e
f ndan USAA.Pli ifha wai d heropi on wor pr ti muniy s el overt wo k
t
antf s ve
ni
k- oduc m
t ol y
he r

pr twhih c ai i o ma i die ty r l va t t g f t a r as blnes oft
oduc
c ont ns nf r ton r c l e e nt o he ood aih nd e ona e s he
hy i Coblnt ag ee nta bir ton awa d, a a l a i
brd
e z r me /r ta i
r nd leg tons of c l i Thi i l
oluson. s ncudes
i onna i pe t ni t t dimi s l of M uns , t f t a cr sanc unde l ng
nf
ton rai ng o he s s a
on he ac s nd icum t es
ryi

Hende s and M uns sa lge la lt t a e ntt pr e t ar ta i be or a sngl
ron
on' le d ibiiy, he gr eme o oc ed o bir ton f e i e
abir t r a t s e ton o t a bir t .
r ta o , nd he elc i f he r ta or
V.

C O N CLU SI N
O

l lghtof t f e ng,i i ORDERED t tDe enda ' M oton t CompelBet
n i
he or goi t s
ha f nts
i o
ter

Dic v r Repo s sg 6 )i GRANTED I PART AND DENI I PART, sf lo :
s o ey s n e DE 0 s
N
ED N
a o lws
The Cour has c
t
onduced a c r ul i c r r vi w of t dipu e e al
t
a ef n ame a e e
he s t d m i
co muni a i be wee St ve Rot a Es , of J s Fos er J
m
c tons t n e n
hm n, q.
one ,
t , ohns a
on, nd
St
ubbs,P, who r pr s nt d Pl i ifi t unde l ng s ae c tl ws t a Fr
A,
e e e e antf n he
ryi t t our a ui, nd ed

Cu nng m, q.o Do nc Cu nng a & W h ln,a Ro e tM ao , fVe
n i ha Es , f miik n i h m
ae nd b r j r o r
Pl & Lumpki P. who c r nty r pr s ntPl n ifi t sf de a lw s t A s a
oeg
n, A.
ur e l e e e
aitf n hi e r l a ui.

t e hol ma t ,t Cour fndst tc t n oft e e al sm pl c an r i
hr s d ter he
ti
ha erai
hes m is i y ont i outne
a munda mes a orc
nd
ne
s ges omm t cai r a i t meei tm e a s he i
mi tons eltng o
tng i s nd c dulng
i s and a e l r l ir e nt t t s di c
s ues
r a ge y r el va o hi s over dipu e. The Cour ha ca e uly
y s t
t s rf l
c l t o h al t e a l i a e f t t de er i w hi h e ais, i f i e s
uled hr ug 1 he m is n n f or o t m ne
c m l n am s ,

s d be pr e Cera n ema l ar die ty r e n t whe he t hybrd
houl
oduc d. ti
is e r c l elva t o
t r he
i
Coblnt ag e
e z r emen / bir ton a r wasr s bl a made i good f ih, or t
tar ta i wa d
ea ona e nd
n
at
he
pr tofa lged i ope coluson a t ar beng or e pr ed. Som e of
oduc
le
mpr r l i nd hey e i
der d oduc
t s e a l co tt ef c wo k pr t s e c tt e opi on wor pr t and
he e m is nsiut a t r oduc , om onsiut ni
k oduc ,
s
ome c an bot opi on a f c wor pr t I alca e ,t Cour hasa id
ont i
h ni nd a t k oduc . n l s s he
t
pple
t a iabl l w cied i t s Or rt is de son as t whe he or n t or r
he pplc e a t n hi de o t cii
o
t r
ot o de

pr ton.Upon r viw and a yss t Cour wilr quie t pr ton ofonl
oduc i
e e
nal i, he
t l e r he oduc i
y
t e e al s c fed beow by Baes number The Cour r ie a es t t i i onl
hos m is pe i
l
t
.
t et r t ha t s y

or rng pr ed t e e is whi h a e diecl r lva t t is s o ba f ih,
de i
oduc hos ma l
c r r ty ee nt o he s ue f d at
r a ona e s ,or alege c l i The ef r ,m a of t e al a e notbei
e s bl ne s
l d oluson. r o e
ny
he m is r
ng

or r d pr uc d;r t r onl t e diecl r e nt e a l ar beng pr ed.
de e od e a he , y hos r ty elva m is e i
oduc
De e n ' M o i t Com pe Be tr Res es a t De enda ' Re s f
f nda ts ton o
l te
pons s o f nts que t or
Pr ton 2 i GRANTED i pa tasf l .Pl i ifi O RDERED t pr e t
oduc i
s
n r
olows antf s
o oduc o

De e nt wihi 1 da of t da e of t s Or r t f l ng e al ,
f nda , t n 0 ys
he t
hi
de , he olowi m is
de i t d by t i r peci Ba e numbe s
sgna e
her es tve t s
r:
Ke e 006908hl
6909
K e e 006922
hl
Ke e 007 2- 3
hl
01 701
Ke e 007022hl
7023
Kehl 0070 7
e
40- 043
Ke e 007044hl
7047
K e e 007052hl
7054
Ke e 007905
hl
K e e 007908hl
7909
K e e 00791 7911
hl
0K e e 00791
hl
2
Ke e 008068hl
8070
K e e 0081
hl
01
K e e 0081 81
hl
29- 39
K e e 0081 81
hl
88- 96
Kehl 0083 83
e
23- 26
Ke e 008338- 40
hl
83
K e e 008351
hl
Ke e 008 9- 640
hl
63 8
Ke e 00881 88
hl
4- 20
Ke e 008821- 22
hl
88
Ke e 0088 88
hl
24- 25
Kehl 008939
e
K ehl 008961e
8962
Ke e 00901 901
hl
4- 5
K e e 01
hl
0462
K e e 01
hl
0582- 0583
01

as

De e
f ndan ' M oton t CompelBe trRes e t l e r t i 1 , 1 a 22 i
ts
i o
te
pons s o nt roga ores 8 9, nd
s
GRANTED.Pli if s l wihi 1 da oft da e oft s Or r pr de be t r
antf hal, t n 0 ys he t
hi de , ovi
te

ans r t t e i e r t i as t a e die ty r l va t t good f t and
we s o hos nt roga ores hey r r c l e e nt o he
aih
r as blnes of t hy i Cobl nt ag ee e / r ta i a r , i l ng t
e ona e s
he brd
e z r m nta bir ton wa d nc udi he
dimi s l of M uns n, alege c l i , t f t a cic sa s unde l ng
s sa
o
l d oluson he ac s nd r um t nce
ryi
He s a M uns s a lged la lt , t agr e e t pr e t a bir ton
nderon nd
on' le
i biiy he e m nt o oce d o r ta i

be o easngl a bir t ,a t s eci n oft a bir t .
f r i e r ta or nd he el to
he r taor
3. De e nts M o i t Compe Be tr Re pons t I e r t y 1 i DENI
f nda '
ton o
l te
s es o nt rogaor 7 s
ED

wih u p eu ie a t i tme Th Co r h s c n e rg r ig t e o r r a
t o t rj d c t hs i . e u t a o c ms e a dn h veb o d
wor ng of I e
di
nt noga or 1 a t r or wilnotor Pli ift r pond t t s
t y 7, nd he ef e l
der a ntf o es
o hi
I erogaor l eroga o y 1 r quess t t Pli if e an t r as Pl i if
nt r t y. nt r t r 7 e t ha antf xpli he e ons antf
a e d pa a a 1 oft c
m nde r gr ph 5 he ompli i t unde l ng a to . The r ques f t
ant n he
ryi c i n
e t or he
t e ons and/ cr um sa s' f t a e e of pa a aph 15 a t ny
s as
r
or ic tnce ' or he m ndm nt
r gr
nd t
a
dic sons a or communia i r ltng t t r vii of par gr ph 1 ' i
s us i
nd/
c tons ea i o he e son
a a
5' s
ove br
r oad,vag i c t n r pecs and undul i sve.The e or Pl ntf s l
ue n erai es t,
y nva i
r f e, ai if ha l
notbe r r d t r s
equie o e pond t I e
o nt noga or 1 .
t y 7

DONE AND ORDERED i C a be sa W e tPam Bea h, Pam Bea h Count i t
n
m r t s l
c
l
c
y, n he

So t enDitito Flrd ,h s
u h r src f o ia t i 3Od yof y 2018.
a Ma ,
W I AM M A TTHE M AN
LLI
UNI
TED STA TES A G I
STM TE J D GE
U

18