DAKER v. BRYSON et al
Filing
108
ORDER denying 101 Motion to Vacate; finding as moot 101 Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages; denying 102 Motion for Recusal; finding as moot 102 Motion to File Excess Pages. Ordered by US DISTRICT JUDGE TILMAN E SELF, III on 02/21/2019. (chc)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF GEORGIA
MACON DIVISION
WASEEM DAKER,
Plaintiff,
v.
CIVIL ACTION NO.
5:15-cv-00088-TES-CHW
Comm’r HOMER BRYSON, et al.,
Defendants.
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO VACATE AND MOTION TO RECUSE
______________________________________________________________________________
Presently pending before the Court is pro se Plaintiff Waseem Daker’s 87-page
“Rule 59(e) Motion to Vacate and Reconsider” [Doc. 101] the Court’s July 18, 2018 Order
and Judgment in this case. Plaintiff has also filed a motion seeking to recuse both the
undersigned and United States Magistrate Judge Charles Weigle. [Doc. 102]. For the
following reasons, the Court DENIES these motions.
A.
Motion for Recusal
Plaintiff has filed yet another motion seeking the recusal of the magistrate judge
in this case. Plaintiff’s motion—the fourth recusal motion he has filed in this case alone1 —
largely repeats his prior allegations that the judges involved in his cases “display a deepseated favoritism or antagonism that would make fair judgment impossible.” See [Doc.
102, p. 8]. Plaintiff additionally repeats, nearly verbatim, arguments made in his
1
Plaintiff also filed a copy of this same motion in Case No. 5:18-cv-000245-TES-CHW.
objections and his motion for reconsideration and contends that the Court’s allegedly
incorrect rulings demonstrate its “bias, prejudice, hostility, and antagonism against Mr.
Daker.” [Id. at p. 22].
Plaintiff bases his motion on 28 U.S.C. § 455. The statute generally provides that a
judge “shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his impartiality might
reasonably be questioned.” 28 U.S.C. § 455(a). The statute also enumerates certain other
circumstances requiring a judge to disqualify himself. Id. at § 455(b)(1)–(5). Plaintiff’s
primary complaint is that the Court is biased towards him. Plaintiff may thus be relying
on either subsection (a) or subsection (b)(1).
The standard under subsection (a) is objective and requires the Court to ask
“whether an objective, disinterested lay observer fully informed of the facts underlying
the grounds on which recusal was sought would entertain significant doubt about the
judge’s impartiality.” United States v. Patti, 337 F.3d 1317, 1321 (11th Cir. 2003) (internal
quotation marks omitted). In the Eleventh Circuit, “it is well settled that the allegation of
bias must show that the bias is personal as distinguished from judicial in nature.” Bolin
v. Story, 225 F.3d 1234, 1239 (11th Cir. 2000) (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted) (per curiam). As a result, “a judge’s rulings in the same or a related case are not
a sufficient basis for recusal,” except in rare circumstances where the previous
proceedings demonstrate pervasive bias and prejudice. Id.; see also Liteky v. United States,
510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994) (“[J]udicial rulings alone almost never constitute [a] valid basis
2
for a bias or partiality recusal motion.”); McWhorter v. City of Birmingham, 906 F.2d 674,
678 (11th Cir. 1990) (“[The bias] must derive from something other than that which the
judge learned by participating in the case.”). In this case, Plaintiff has not pointed to any
specific facts showing that any sort of extrajudicial bias existed, nor has Plaintiff
demonstrated that the Court’s rulings exhibit “such a high degree of . . . antagonism as
to make fair judgment impossible” or that any judge involved in his cases in this district
has a bias toward Plaintiff “so extreme as to display clear inability to render fair
judgment.” See Liteky, 510 U.S. at 551, 555. It is clear that “[r]epeated rulings against a
litigant, no matter how erroneous and how vigorously and consistently expressed, are
not a basis for disqualification of a judge on the grounds of bias and prejudice.” See Maret
v. United States, 332 F. Supp. 324, 326 (E.D. Mo. 1971). Plaintiff’s theory that any judge
who rules against him exhibits pervasive bias and prejudice is simply incorrect.
28 U.S.C. § 455(b)(1) requires disqualification where the judge “has a personal bias
or prejudice concerning a party, or personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts
concerning the proceeding[.]” “Recusal under this subsection is mandatory, because ‘the
potential for conflicts of interest are readily apparent.’” Patti, 337 F.3d at 1321 (quoting
Murray v. Scott, 253 F.3d 1308, 1312 (11th Cir. 2001)). Again, Plaintiff has failed to establish
any personal or pervasive bias on the part of the undersigned or Judge Weigle, and
Plaintiff also fails to identify any specific “disputed evidentiary facts” of which the Court
might have knowledge. Any knowledge gained through the course of a judicial
3
proceeding is not a “disputed evidentiary fact” that requires recusal.
United States v.
Bailey, 175 F.3d 966, 969 (11th Cir. 1999) (per curiam). Instead, knowledge of disputed
evidentiary facts must be gained through an extrajudicial source to warrant recusal. See
id. Plaintiff has not asserted that such knowledge exists here.
In sum, Plaintiff’s contentions that the undersigned and Judge Weigle have not
ruled in his favor are not alone sufficient to merit recusal, and Plaintiff has also failed to
show that the Court harbors the type of pervasive bias or prejudice against Plaintiff that
would otherwise require recusal. Plaintiff’s motion for recusal [Doc. 102] is therefore
again DENIED.
B.
Rule 59(e) Motion
Plaintiff has also filed a motion seeking reconsideration of the Court’s July 19, 2018
Order and Judgment, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e). [Doc. 101]. As
the Court has previously
advised
Plaintiff,
“‘motions
for reconsideration
are
disfavored,’” and “‘relief under Rule 59(e) is an extraordinary remedy to be employed
sparingly.’” Mercer v. Perdue Farms, Inc., No. 5:10-cv-324 (CAR), 2012 WL 1414321, at *1
(M.D. Ga. Apr. 20, 2012) (quoting Krstic v. Princess Cruise Lines, Ltd., 706 F. Supp. 2d 1271,
1282 (S.D. Fla. 2010)); see also Daker v. Dozier, No. 5:17-cv-25 (CAR), 2017 WL 4797522 at
*1 (M.D. Ga. Oct. 24, 2017) (holding same). Furthermore, Rule 59(e) “cannot serve as a
vehicle to relitigate old matters or present the case under a new legal theory . . . [or] give
the moving party another ‘bite at the apple’ by permitting the arguing of issues and
4
procedures that could and should have been raised prior to judgment.” Daker, 2017 WL
4797522, at *1 (internal quotation marks omitted) (alterations in original).
Plaintiff has blatantly ignored the Court’s prior admonitions that motions for
reconsideration should not be filed as a matter of routine practice and that they should
not “re-assert[] the same arguments and evidence this Court previously considered in its
original ruling.” See id. (cautioning Plaintiff that the Court would impose sanctions if
Plaintiff continued to seek routine consideration of the Court’s orders). Approximat ely
half of Plaintiff’s 87-page Rule 59(e) motion is copied, seemingly verbatim, from the
various objections, supplemental objections, and other motions he has already filed in
this case. The Court already expended significant time and resources in its careful review
and consideration of those documents, and Plaintiff’s repackaging and refiling of the
same documents is abusive and perhaps worthy of the sanctions the Court previously
suggested would be appropriate. To prevent this lawsuit from being further prolonged
by additional motions and appeals, however, the Court will address Plaintiff’s motion,
although it will decline to address any argument made in Plaintiff’s Rule 59(e) motion
that has already been presented to the Court.
The Court recognizes three circumstances that warrant reconsideration of a prior
order under Rule 59(e): “(1) an intervening change in controlling law; (2) the availability
of new evidence; and (3) the need to correct clear error or manifest injustice.” Daker v.
Humphrey, Civil Action No. 5:12-CV-461 (CAR), 2013 WL 1296501, at *2 n.1 (M.D. Ga.
5
Mar. 27, 2013) (quoting Fla. College of Osteopathic Med., Inc. v. Dean Witter, 12 F. Supp. 2d
1306, 1308 (M.D. Fla. 1998)). Plaintiff has not identified any intervening change in the law
or new evidence that affects his claims. The Court thus presumes that Plaintiff’s Rule
59(e) motion for reconsideration is based on his belief that there is a need for the Court to
correct clear errors or manifest injustice in this case.
The allegations in Plaintiff’s motion to vacate do not demonstrate that the Court
clearly erred in rendering its decision or that Plaintiff has suffered a manifest injustice as
a result. Instead, Plaintiff’s Rule 59(e) motion misconstrues and misapplies the facts of
this case and the law and asks the Court to ignore Plaintiff’s litigation history and thus
the broader context in which the actions in this case occurred. See, e.g., Daker v. Toole, 736
F. App’x 234, 235–36 (11th Cir. 2018) (per curiam) (noting that Plaintiff has been
“wreaking havoc wherever he goes” by “flood[ing]” the court “with numerous
disputes”); Daker v. Commissioner, 820 F.3d 1278, 1281 (11th Cir. 2016) (identifying Plaintiff
as a “serial litigator”); see also Daker v. Toole, 138 S. Ct. 234, 234–35 (2017) (placing filing
restrictions on Plaintiff due to his “repeated[] abuse[]” of the Supreme Court’s process).
For the following reasons, the Court’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint
was filed maliciously and in bad faith remains sound.
1.
The Court Properly Considered Plaintiff’s Litigation History in
Determining that Plaintiff Acted Maliciously in this Case
First, in several places in his Rule 59(e) motion, Plaintiff suggests the Court erred
in examining Plaintiff’s litigation history in its entirety to support its conclusion that
6
Plaintiff acted maliciously in this case. See, e.g., [Doc. 101, p. 6] (arguing that “[a]ny
attempt by any litigant . . . to consolidate any litigation could be deemed an ‘intent to
manipulate the judicial system’ and therefore characterized as malicious”); [id. at p. 18]
(arguing that the Court erred by “dismissing this case as malicious based on his motions
to intervene in other cases”). The law is contrary to Plaintiff’s assertions. See, e.g., Cochran
v. Morris, 73 F.3d 1310, 1316 (4th Cir. 1996) (en banc) (“A plaintiff’s past litigious conduct
should inform a district court’s discretion under § 1915(d).”); Carter v. Schafer, 273 F.
App’x 581, 582 (8th Cir. 2008) (per curiam) (agreeing with district court that “the history
and circumstances surrounding the complaint support dismissal of [prisoner’s] claims
for maliciousness” where prisoner “has filed at least thirty separate complaints since
2003, and a number of these cases raise issues that are the same or substantially similar
to those in the instant case, against the same defendants”); Maus v. Baenen, No. 13-CV1009-JPS, 2013 WL 5448045, at *1 (E.D. Wis. Sept. 30, 2013) (finding that prisoner who
“routinely creates confusion and additional, unnecessary work for the staffmembers of
this district” acted in bad faith with respect to his most recent filings); see also Order
Dismissing Appeal 6, Daker v. Governor, Appeal No. 15-13179 (11th Cir. Dec. 19, 2016)
(noting that “[i]n light of Mr. Daker’s voluminous federal court filings it is reasonable to
say that Mr. Daker has abused the system” (internal citation omitted)). Cf. also Bilal v.
Driver, 251 F.3d 1346, 1350 (11th Cir. 2001) (“On the question of frivolousness, a litigant’s
history of bringing unmeritorious litigation can be considered.”); Attwood v. Singletary,
7
105 F.3d 610, 613 (11th Cir. 1997) (affirming dismissal of case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1915(d) and imposition of Rule 11 sanctions against plaintiff whose “actions show[ed] a
history of bad faith litigiousness and deceit”). 2 The Court thus properly considered
Plaintiff’s litigation history in determining that his actions in this case were malicious and
abused the judicial process.
Even if the Court did not consider Plaintiff’s entire litigation history, however,
Plaintiff’s conduct in this case alone warrants dismissal.
Plaintiff’s attempts to
characterize his conduct in this case as merely “litigious” and not “abusive” fall flat. [Doc.
101, p. 56] (“Plaintiff concedes his litigiousness, but denies that he is an abusive litigant.”).
For example, Plaintiff appears to contend that even if his Amended Complaint is
duplicative, it is not malicious. See [id. at pp. 84–86]. But the filing of multiple, identical
complaints—in different jurisdictions—with the stated intent of only prosecuting
whichever case was “allowed to proceed” is a glaring example of bad faith and malicious
conduct. See [Doc. 73, p. 7]. “Filing identical lawsuits in multiple district courts is abusive
and wasteful of judicial resources and warrants dismissal under § 1915(e) as frivolous
and malicious.” Rivadeneira v. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 3:15CV-P548-GNS, 2015 WL
4776906, at *3 (W.D. Ky. Aug. 12, 2015); cf. also Cochran, 73 F.3d at 1316 (noting that court
28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) is the predecessor of § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). Both statutes contain a provision allowing the
Court to determine whether a complaint is subject to dismissal as being frivolous or malicious, although
dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is now mandatory if such a finding is made. See, e.g., Bilal v.
Driver, 251 F.3d 1346, 1348–49 (11th Cir. 2001).
2
8
properly considered prisoner’s “attempt[] to escape the final judgment of one federal
court by filing in another” in determining that dismissal was warranted under § 1915(d)).
In his 87-page motion for reconsideration, Plaintiff still fails to provide any credible
explanation for this conduct. While Plaintiff now contends he filed the duplicative cases
an effort to consolidate them, see, e.g., [Doc. 101, p. 6], Plaintiff never actually filed a
motion to consolidate in this Court. Indeed, when Plaintiff filed his motion to amend his
Complaint “as a matter of law” in this case on November 2, 2017, Plaintiff had already
unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate cases in another court in an effort to avoid the §
1915(g) “three-strikes” bar. See Order, ECF No. 17 in Daker v. Bryson, Case 6:16-cv-00057JRH-BWC (S.D. Ga. Mar. 20, 2017). 3 The fact that this tactic had already been rejected casts
significant doubt on Plaintiff’s belated contention that his filing of duplicative complaints
was intended as a good-faith effort to consolidate his claims rather than an attempt to
skirt § 1915(g). Furthermore, at the time Plaintiff filed the Amended Complaint in this
case, he never explicitly revealed to the Court that he had filed identical complaints in
the Southern District and was waiting to see whether that court would permit his case to
move forward. See, e.g., [Doc. 58, p. 1] (indicating the first amended and supplemen tal
complaint would be filed in “two cases” in this Court, 5:15-cv-00088-CAR-CHW and 5:17-
In that case, Plaintiff sought to consolidate a case in which his three-strikes status was unclear with a case
in which he was not considered a three-striker and argued that consolidating the cases would “render it
unnecessary for the Court to address the three strikes issue.” Id. at 12. The court rejected Plaintiff’s efforts,
in part because the “Court’s determinations of whether Plaintiff’s status as a three striker at the time he
filed his Complaint in this case and at the time he filed his Complaint in Case Number 6:14-cv-47 could
differ.” Id. at 12–13.
3
9
cv-00188-MTT-CHW). Plaintiff’s filing of identical lawsuits in multiple jurisdictions
amply demonstrates that Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint in this case is malicious,
intended to manipulate the judicial system, and subject to dismissal.
2.
Plaintiff’s Filings Demonstrate He Has Adequate Access to the
Courts
Plaintiff also contends that the Court erred in finding that Plaintiff had failed to
submit any pleadings suggesting his law library access at Macon State Prison, where he
was recently transferred, had been restricted. [Doc. 101, p. 28]. Plaintiff states that he filed
a complaint in another case in this Court on July 9, 2018 making these allegations. See
[id.]. But Plaintiff’s contention that the Court failed to acknowledge Plaintiff’s filing of
that case does not alter the Court’s original conclusion that Plaintiff has not demonstrated
any meaningful impact on his access to the courts. Despite filing several supplemen tal
objections and motions raising a variety of claims, Plaintiff never stated in this case that
he was unable to access the law library in his new prison. More to the point, however,
Plaintiff has failed to provide the Court with any reason to reconsider its conclusion that
Plaintiff does not have sufficient access to the courts. Plaintiff’s filings—including his
motion for reconsideration—are lengthy and contain numerous citations to many
authorities. His contention that he does not have sufficient access to the courts continues
to lack credibility. 4
The Court also notes that Plaintiff is now housed in the Valdosta State Prison. It is unclear whether Plaintiff
is housed in a lock down unit at Valdosta State Prison. Even if he is housed in a lock down unit, however,
4
10
3.
The Court Properly Addressed Plaintiff’s Efforts to Amend in this
Case
Plaintiff next contends that the PLRA “allows” him to amend his Complaint to join
pre-three-strikes claims with post-three-strikes claims in the same case, and therefore
such conduct cannot be considered “malicious.” [Doc. 101, p. 9]. The cases cited by
Plaintiff in support of this contention stand for the general proposition that a prisoner
who qualifies for the § 1915(g) imminent danger exception may proceed with his entire
complaint, even if some of the claims do not allege an imminent danger of serious
physical injury. See, e.g., Chavis v. Chappius, 618 F.3d 162, 171–72 (2d Cir. 2010); Andrews
v. Cervantes, 593 F.3d 1047, 1053–54 (9th Cir. 2007). Nothing in those cases limits the
Court’s discretion to dismiss a complaint as malicious under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e) and/or
1915A or to deny leave to amend pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a). See
Andrews, 493 F.3d at 1055 (“stress[ing] . . . that § 1915(g) concerns only a threshold
procedural questions—whether the filing fee must be paid upfront or later” and noting
that “[s]eparate PLRA provisions,” including § 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(b) “are directed
at screening out meritless suits early on”). Indeed, a number of courts have exercised this
discretion to limit the amendment of a prisoner’s claims, particularly where—as here—
the prisoner is attempting to raise claims that occurred after the filing of the original
Plaintiff averred in a complaint in another case before the Court that Valdosta State Prison maintains a
satellite law library for its lock down unit. See, e.g., Compl. 26, ECF No. 1-1 in Daker v. Dozier, Case No. 5:18cv-00245-TES-CHW (M.D. Ga. Jul. 9, 2018). It therefore does not appear that Plaintiff’s access to legal
resources is presently limited, and Plaintiff also has not submitted any filings in this case that would
indicate any present difficulty.
11
complaint. See, e.g., Brown v. Blaine, 185 F. App’x 166, 168–69 (3d Cir. 2006) (per curiam)
(“Allowing [prisoner] to allege unrelated claims against new defendants based on actions
taken after the filing of the original complaint would defeat the purpose of the three
strikes provision of the PLRA.”); Jackson v. Dayton, 17-CV-880 (WMW/TNL), 2018 WL
4473403, at *10 (D. Minn. Apr. 2, 2018), report and recommendation adopted, 17-CV-0880
(MWM/TNL), 2018 WL 3696600 (D. Minn. Aug. 3, 2018) (finding joinder of claims was
“improper and transgresses § 1915(g) because [prisoner] could not bring the two claims
unrelated to prison conditions via separate lawsuit given his restricted ability to file new
lawsuits”); Scott v. Kelly, 107 F. Supp. 2d 706, 711 (E.D. Va. 2000) (finding that permitting
a prisoner “to amend his complaint to include new, unconnected claims which have
arisen since his initial filing defeats the purposes of filing fees and the ‘three strikes’
provisions in 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)”). 5
Plaintiff also suggests at several points in his motion that the Court erred by failing
to permit Plaintiff to either amend his Complaint or to revert to his original Complaint.
See, e.g., [Doc. 101, pp. 41, 48]. The Court reiterates its conclusion that allowing Plaintiff
In what appears to be a related argument, Plaintiff contends that the Court effectively “revoked” his in
forma pauperis status by preventing him from joining claims raised in the pre-three-strikes original
Complaint and the post-three-strikes Amended Complaint. See, e.g., [Doc. 101, pp. 10–15]. Again, the cases
cited by Plaintiff are inapposite. The Court has not revoked Plaintiff’s in forma pauperis status; as discussed
above, the Court has merely exercised its discretion to determine that this action is malicious and should
be dismissed as such. While Plaintiff is generally correct that his status as a three-striker is measured at the
time he filed his Complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), the Court based its dismissal in part under §
1915(e)(2)(B)(i), which requires the Court to dismiss the case “at any time if the court determines that . . . the
action or appeal . . . is frivolous or malicious” (emphasis added)).
5
12
to revert to his original complaint in this case would undermine the PLRA and “serve to
overlook his abuse of the judicial process.” Hood v. Tompkins, 197 F. App’x 818, 818 (11th
Cir. 2006) (per curiam). In addition, the law Plaintiff cites in support of his contention that
he should be permitted to amend his Complaint is not on point. First, Plaintiff relies on
Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199 (2007), for the proposition that even if Ҥ 1915(g) did not allow
Plaintiff to amend to add claims arising after his third strike to a pre-third strike case . . .
the solution would be to deny leave to amend to add those claims, or to dismiss only
those claims that are not allowed to proceed, not the whole action.” [Doc. 101, p. 15]. In
Jones, the Court held that where a prisoner has failed to exhaust some, but not all, of his
claims in accordance with the PLRA’s requirements, the court should proceed with the
exhausted claims. See 549 U.S. at 219. Plaintiff contends that dismissal of the entire
Amended Complaint in this case “directly conflicts” with Jones, and that “if a complaint
contains both claims subject to dismissal under § 1915(g) and claims not subject to it, the
court should only dismiss those claims subject to it, not the complaint as a whole.” [Doc.
101, pp. 15–16].
The reasoning of Jones is inapposite here. Again, Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint
was dismissed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e) and 1915A, not § 1915(g). Because the act
of filing the Amended Complaint in this case was malicious and abusive, the dismissal
of the Amended Complaint as a whole is therefore appropriate. See, e.g., Shelton v. Rohrs,
406 F. App’x 340, 340-41 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (affirming dismissal of entire
13
complaint without prejudice for abuse of the judicial process under 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e)(2)(B)(i)); see also Rosiere v. United States, 736 F. App’x 313, 314 (3d Cir. 2018) (per
curiam) (affirming dismissal of entire civil action as malicious where litigant filed several
identical lawsuits in different jurisdictions and “inundate[d] the Government with
various motions” in another case); Hurst v. Counselman, 436 F. App’x 58, 61 (3d Cir. 2011)
(per curiam) (affirming dismissal of litigant’s entire complaint as “abusive of the judicial
process and thus malicious”).
Plaintiff further alleges that the Court erred by failing to allow him to amend his
Complaint in accordance with Brown v. Johnson, 387 F.3d 1344, 1348–49 (11th Cir. 2004).
In Brown, the Eleventh Circuit held that the PLRA would not prevent a prisoner from
amending his complaint “once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive
pleading is served” pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a). See id. The Court
in this case granted Plaintiff’s motion to amend as a matter of course, as it was required
to do, and Plaintiff was therefore required to obtain leave of court to amend his
Complaint a second time. 6 See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). While the rules provide that leave
Plaintiff cites to Coventry First, LLC v. McCarty, 605 F.3d 865, 870 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam), for the
proposition that a plaintiff waives his right to amend once as a matter of course if he files a motion to amend
rather than an amended complaint in the case. Coventry First does not apply to pro se litigants. See Toenniges
v. Ga. Dep’t of Corr., 502 F. App’x 888, 889 (11th Cir. 2012). Plaintiff’s argument that the Court should have
reviewed Plaintiff’s motion to amend and reviewed it for futility, [Doc. 101, p. 44], is therefore misplaced.
See Williams v. Bd. of Regents of Univ. Sys. of Ga., 477 F.3d 1282, 1292 n.6 (11th Cir. 2007) (“When the plaintiff
has the right to file an amended complaint as a matter of course . . . the plain language of Rule 15(a) shows
that the court lacks discretion to reject the amended complaint based on its alleged futility.” (emphasis in
original)); see also Toenniges, 502 F. App’x at 890 (noting that where prisoner “had the right to amend as a
matter of course, . . . the merits of his amendment, at that stage, were irrelevant”).
6
14
to amend should be freely given “when justice so requires,” justice does not require the
Court to allow the amendment of pleadings that the Court has already found were filed
with the intent to manipulate the judicial process. See, e.g., Hood, 197 F. App’x at 818; cf.
also Harris v. Warden, 498 F. App’x 962, 964 (11th Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (finding that
district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing prisoner complaint without
allowing prisoner “to correct” failure to disclose prior litigation history); Jenkins v.
Hutcheson, No. 6:16-cv-59, 2016 WL 5110260, at *1 (S.D. Ga. Sept. 20, 2016) ((“[T]he
Eleventh Circuit has explained that district courts should not allow parties to cure their
lack of candor with . . . after the fact amendments.”) (citing Hood, 197 F. App’x at 818)).
Plaintiff’s bad faith in this action is plainly a substantial reason justifying any denial of
leave to amend. See, e.g., Burger King Corp. v Weaver, 169 F.3d 1310, 1319 (11th Cir. 1999)
(noting that bad faith on the part of the movant is a substantial reason to deny leave to
amend); see also GSS Props., Inc. v. Kendale Shopping Center, Inc., 119 F.R.D. 379, 381
(M.D.N.C. Mar. 15, 1988) (“Bad faith amendments are those which may be abusive or
made in order to secure some ulterior tactical advantage.”).
Plaintiff also cites to one of his previous cases for the proposition that a new habeas
petition filed during the pendency of a previous habeas petition must be construed as a
motion to amend the prior petition, and not dismissed as a second or successive petition.
Daker v. Toole, 736 F. App’x 234, 235–36 (11th Cir. 2018) (per curiam). Habeas petitions are
subject to strict rules that prohibit the district court from examining a second or
15
successive petition unless the petition falls within narrow statutory exceptions and the
petitioner receives authorization from the court of appeals before filing the new petition
with the district court. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b)(2), (3). The authority cited by Plaintiff
interprets these rules and is not applicable or analogous to Plaintiff’s claims in this § 1983
case.
4.
Dismissal of the Amended Complaint Will Not Work a Manifest
Injustice
Finally, to the extent Plaintiff suggests a manifest injustice may occur in this case
absent reconsideration, the Court has already addressed this issue at length. See [Doc. 99,
p. 30]. The Court has dismissed Plaintiff’s claims without prejudice. As the Court
previously noted, however, Plaintiff has created a situation where it is not entirely clear
which of his claims have been previously or finally addressed by the courts or whether
some of his claims may now be barred by the applicable statute of limitations. While it is
true that “where a dismissal without prejudice has the effect of precluding the plaintiff
from re-filing his claim due to the running of the statute of limitations, it is tantamount
to a dismissal with prejudice,” the Court believes that its July 19, 2018 Order makes clear
that even if this dismissal is effectively with prejudice as to some of Plaintiff’s claims,
dismissal is nonetheless appropriate because “a clear record of delay or willful
misconduct exists, and . . . lesser sanctions are inadequate to correct such conduct.”
Stephenson v. Doe, 554 F. App’x 835, 837 (11th Cir. 2014) (citing Justice v. United States, 6
F.3d 1474, 1482 n.15 (11th Cir. 1993)). Plaintiff has repeatedly engaged in conduct
16
calculated to frustrate the orderly processing of his claims and waste judicial resources
even after being warned of the consequences of such conduct. See, e.g., Daker v. Dozier,
Civil No. 5:17-CV-0025-CAR, 2017 WL 3037420, at *5 (M.D. Ga. July 18, 2017) (dismissing
claims as duplicative and therefore malicious where Plaintiff “knowingly brought claims
that were essentially the same as those he was already actively litigating in, not one, but
two other cases before this Court”); Order of Dismissal 6, Daker v. Bryson, ECF No. 17 in
Case No. 5:16-cv-00538-CAR-MSH (M.D. Ga. June 8, 2017) (dismissing Plaintiff’s claims
as malicious where there were duplicative and “filed in an effort to circumvent the
Court’s previous orders”). The Court can conceive of no lesser sanction adequate to
correct this misconduct. Thus, even though the Court intends for the dismissal of
Plaintiff’s claims to be without prejudice—and even though it appears that the statute of
limitations would not prevent the filing of the vast majority of Plaintiff’s claims—
dismissal with prejudice could also be appropriate. 7 For these reasons, the Court
concludes that Plaintiff has not carried his burden of establishing that reconsideration of
the Court’s order of dismissal is warranted.
Further, as was also previously noted, Plaintiff avers that his original Complaint in this case was intended
to challenge only “the February 5 and 20, and March 9 and 20, 2015 uses of force and other adverse actions
taken against him in 2015.” [Doc. 89, p. 2]. Plaintiff has had at least one opportunity to have these claims
addressed by a federal court after they were dismissed in the above-captioned action. See Compl. 16–18,
20–23 in Daker v. Bryson, Case No. 6:16-cv-00057-JRH-BWC (S.D. Ga. May 23, 2016) (raising claims
concerning the February 5 and 20 and March 9 and 20, 2015 uses of force). Dismissal without prejudice
could therefore be appropriate for this reason as well. Cf. Nawab v. Unifund CCR Partners, 553 Fed. App’x
856, 860 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam) (finding that dismissal with prejudice was appropriate where prisoner
had already had one complaint raising same claims dismissed without prejudice).
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C.
Conclusion
The motions addressed by the Court in this Order are prime examples of Plaintiff’s
disregard for the court system from which he purports to seek relief. As noted above, this
is the fourth motion for recusal Plaintiff has filed in this case alone, and it is obvious that
Plaintiff is filing these motions as a matter of course in his other cases as well—Plaint iff
refers to the wrong judges in the presently-pending motion in this action. [Doc. 102, p. 9]
(referring to Judges Smith and Story). And, as also noted above, Plaintiff’s motion for
reconsideration, which contains dozens of pages of content copied from his other filings,
has also been filed in contravention of the Court’s admonitions not to file such motions
as a matter of course. Plaintiff’s conduct is neither isolated nor inadvertent, and nothing
in Plaintiff’s motions persuades the Court to reconsider the dismissal of Plaintiff’s
Amended Complaint or to require recusal. The Court therefore DENIES Plaintiff’s Rule
59(e) motion [Doc. 101] and his recusal motion [Doc. 102]. 8
SO ORDERED, this 21st day of February, 2019.
s/Tilman E. Self, III
TILMAN E. SELF, III, Judge
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
Plaintiff’s motions also contain requests to file excess pages and to exceed type size limitations. The Court
considered Plaintiff’s motions in their entirety regardless of font size or the number of pages, and these
requests are therefore TERMINATED as moot.
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