Pitts v. Tuitama et al
Filing
80
ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION re: 71 . Signed by CHIEF JUDGE J. MICHAEL SEABRIGHT on 3/20/2018. (afc) 1:15-cv-00483-JMS-KJM1:17-cv-00137-JMS-KJM CERTIFICATE OF SERVICEParticipant s registered to receive electronic notifications received this document electronically at the e-mail address listed on the Notice of Electronic Filing (NEF). Participants not registered to receive electronic notifications were served by first class mail on the date of this docket entry
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF HAWAII
JOSEPH PITTS,
CIV. NOS. 15-00483 JMS-KJM
17-00137 JMS-KJM
Plaintiff,
ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
vs.
NOLAN ESPINDA, et al.,
Defendants.
__________________________________
JOSEPH PITTS,
Plaintiff,
vs.
SGT. TUITAMA, et al.,
Defendants.
ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
I. INTRODUCTION
On February 7, 2018, Plaintiff Joseph Pitts filed one Motion for
Preliminary Injunction in two separate cases — Pitts v. Espinda, et al., Civ. No.
15-00483 JMS-KJM and Pitts v. Tuitama, et al., Civ. No. 17-00137 JMS-KJM.
ECF No. 165. 1 On February 22, 2018, some Defendants in Civ. No. 15-00483
JMS-KJM filed responses. ECF Nos. 173, 174. On February 26, 2018, Plaintiff
filed a Declaration in Response (“Pitts Decl.”), and on March 8, 2018, Plaintiff
filed a “Response to Defendants’ Memorandum in Opposition” (“Reply”). ECF
Nos. 175, 176. No Defendant in Tuitama, Civ. No. 17-00137 JMS-KJM, filed a
response. On February 7, 2018, Walter Schoettle filed a Disclaimer clarifying that
he is Plaintiff’s counsel in a state-court criminal appeal only and not in these civil
cases. ECF No. 167. Schoettle filed declarations regarding Plaintiff’s Motion on
March 9 and 12, 2018. ECF Nos. 178, 179.
Pursuant to Local Rule 7.2(d), the court finds this matter suitable for
disposition without a hearing. For the reasons discussed below, the Motion for
Preliminary Injunction is DENIED.
II. DISCUSSION
A.
Background
Plaintiff’s underlying cases arise from an alleged physical assault by
correctional officers at Halawa Correctional Facility (“HCF”) on July 9, 2014,
Espinda, Civ. No. 15-00483 JMS-KJM, and alleged violations of his constitutional
1
For clarity, unless otherwise noted, the court refers to docket entries from Espinda, Civ.
No. 15-00483 JMS-KJM.
2
rights (1) with respect to prison mail policies and practices, and (2) in retaliation
for filing lawsuits and grievances, Tuitama, Civ. No. 17-00137 JMS-KJM. In both
cases, Plaintiff seeks transfer to another facility in Hawaii, as well as damages and
other injunctive relief. See First Am. Compl. at 22, ECF No. 82; see also Tuitama,
Civ. No. 17-00137 JMS-KJM, Sec. Am. Compl. at 22, ECF No. 30.
Plaintiff now seeks a preliminary injunction ordering his transfer from
HCF to another facility located in Hawaii. Plaintiff does not seek transfer to a
particular correctional facility, but he identifies as possible sites the Federal
Detention Center, Honolulu (“FDC”) and State of Hawaii correctional facilities at
Kulani or Waiawa. Mot. at PageID #997, ECF No. 165-3; Pitts Decl. at 1, 3, ECF
No. 175; Reply at 5 (seeking transfer to “FDC or another facility on the island of
Oahu”).
Plaintiff bases this request on allegations that (1) because he is housed
in the same facility as Defendants, he “could be attacked, assaulted, falsely written
up, killed, starved and denied all constitutional rights,” Mot. at PageID #979;
(2) Defendants are denying him access to his counsel for an appeal of his state
criminal conviction, Mot. at PageID #983-84; Schoettle Decl. at 1-4, ECF No. 178;
(3) Defendants’ are denying him access to the law library, Mot. at PageID #986,
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993, 996; and (4) Defendants are interfering with and/or mishandling his legal and
personal mail, id. at PageID #980-92, 998.
More specifically, Plaintiff alleges that since the July 2014 assault,
while at HCF (1) he sees “several of the defendants who gang assaulted [him]
everyday,” id. at PageID #984; (2) he has been strip-searched multiple times,
removed from his job, and denied food, id. at PageID # 986; (3) he is not scheduled
for law library despite submitting timely requests, id. at PageID # 993; and
(4) Defendants refuse to mail more than one letter per week, regardless of whether
it is personal or legal, and despite assurances to the court that legal mail would be
sent, id. at PageID #981.
B.
Legal Standard
“A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary and drastic remedy
[that] is never awarded as of right.” Munaf v. Geren, 553 U.S. 674, 689-90 (2008)
(citation and quotation signals omitted). To obtain a preliminary injunction, a
plaintiff “must establish that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely
to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of
equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v.
Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). Generally, as long as the other
two parts of the Winter test are met, a preliminary injunction may issue where the
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plaintiff demonstrates the existence of “serious questions going to the merits . . .
and the balance of hardships tips sharply in the plaintiff’s favor.” All. for the Wild
Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1135 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation and quotation
marks omitted).
However, where a plaintiff seeks an injunction requiring the defendant
to take affirmative action — such as ordering Plaintiff transferred to another
facility — it is considered a mandatory injunction 2 and is “particularly disfavored.”
Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873, 879
(9th Cir. 2009) (citations omitted). A mandatory injunction is “not granted unless
extreme or very serious damage will result and [is] not issued in doubtful cases or
where the injury complained of is capable of compensation in damages.” Id.
(quoting Anderson v. United States, 612 F.2d 1112, 1115 (9th Cir. 1980); Park
Vill. Apartment Tenants Ass’n v. Mortimer Howard Tr., 636 F.3d 1150, 1160 (9th
Cir. 2011)). That is, the court “should deny such relief ‘unless the facts and law
clearly favor the moving party.’” Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733, 740 (9th
2
There are two types of preliminary injunctions: (1) a “mandatory injunction,” which
“orders a responsible party to take action,” and (2) a “prohibitory injunction,” which “prohibits a
party from taking action and preserves the status quo pending a determination of the action on
the merits.” Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873, 878-79
(9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks, brackets, and citations omitted).
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Cir. 2015) (quoting Stanley v. Univ. of S. Cal., 13 F.3d 1313, 1320 (9th Cir. 1994))
(emphasis added).
Further, a preliminary injunction may not be issued absent a
“relationship between the injury claimed in the motion for injunctive relief and the
conduct asserted in the underlying complaint.” Pac. Radiation Oncolgy, LLC v.
Queen’s Med. Ctr., 810 F.3d 631, 636 (9th Cir. 2015). Such a relationship is
“sufficiently strong where the preliminary injunction would grant ‘relief of the
same character as that which may be granted finally.’” Id. (quoting De Beers
Consol. Mines v. United States, 325 U.S. 212, 220 (1945)). “Absent that
relationship or nexus, the district court lacks authority to grant the relief
requested.” Id.
Finally, in cases involving prison conditions, a preliminary injunction
“must be narrowly drawn, extend no further than necessary to correct the harm the
court finds requires preliminary relief, and be the least intrusive means necessary
to correct the harm.” 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(2).
C.
Application of Legal Standard to Plaintiff’s Motion
Here, as summarized above, Plaintiff contends that in retaliation for
filing lawsuits and grievances against them, Defendants are currently violating
Plaintiff’s constitutional rights of access to the law library, access to counsel, and
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the handling of his legal and personal mail, and that Defendants could “attack[],
assault[], . . . kill[], [or] starve[]” him. Plaintiff seeks an order compelling
Defendants to transfer him to the FDC or another State of Hawaii prison facility.
But Plaintiff has not met the requirements for the requested preliminary injunction.
Plaintiff’s requested injunctive relief is not “of the same character as
that which may be granted” to remedy the claims asserted in his complaints. De
Beers Consol. Mines, 325 U.S. at 220; Pac. Radiation Oncology, LLC, 810 F.3d at
636. In any civil action involving prison conditions, not only must preliminary
injunctive relief be “narrowly drawn,” any final prospective relief must also be
“narrowly drawn, extend[] no further than necessary to correct the violation of a
Federal right, and [be] the least intrusive means necessary to correct the
violation[.]” 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1). If Plaintiff were to prevail on his claims, less
intrusive prospective remedies could be fashioned to correct any continuing harms,
such as transfer to another housing module within HCF, isolation from the
Defendants at issue in these cases, and modification of prison practices and/or
policies.
Moreover, under settled law, a prisoner has no constitutional right to
be housed in a particular prison facility. Montayne v. Haymes, 427 U.S. 236, 24243 (1978); see also Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 224 (1976) (holding that due
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process protections are not required for discretionary transfers to a less agreeable
prison); Olim v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 238, 245 (1983); Rizzo v. Dawson, 778 F.2d
527, 530 (9th Cir. 1985) (recognizing that prison officials “may change [a
prisoner’s] place of confinement even though the degree of confinement may be
different and prison life may be more disagreeable in one institution than in
another” without violating a prisoner’s due process rights). Plaintiff has no legal
right to be transferred to FDC, Waiawa, Kulani, or any other prison facility.
Further, because Plaintiff has “close custody” status, he is ineligible
for transfer to Waiawa or Kulani. See Pl.’s Ex. A6, ECF No. 176-6 (letter dated
May 3, 2017 from Shari Kimoto, Acting Institutions Division Administrator in
response to Plaintiff’s request for transfer). And because neither the FDC (a
federal facility) nor its administrators are parties to these actions, this court is
without authority to issue an injunction binding the FDC to accept Plaintiff. See
Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2) (providing that an injunction binds only the parties, their
officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys, and other persons actively in
concert or participation with them); see also Zepeda v. United States Immigration
& Naturalization Serv., 753 F.2d 719, 727 (9th Cir. 1985) (recognizing that a court
may issue injunction only “if it has personal jurisdiction over the parties”); Walker
v. Varela, 2013 WL 816177, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 1, 2013) (denying injunctive
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relief for lack of jurisdiction where only individual prison officials were parties
and plaintiff sought an order compelling the state department overseeing prisons to
move plaintiff to another prison facility).
Thus, because Plaintiff would not be entitled to a transfer to another
prison facility even if he prevails on his underlying claims, the court lacks
authority to issue a preliminary injunction ordering a transfer. See Pac. Radiation
Oncology, LLC, 810 F.3d at 636.
Even if the court had authority to grant the relief requested, Plaintiff
has not shown a likelihood of irreparable harm in the absence of a preliminary
injunction. Speculative injury does not constitute irreparable harm. See Caribbean
Marine Servs. Co. v. Baldridge, 844 F.2d 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988) (stating that a
plaintiff “must demonstrate immediate threatened injury as a prerequisite to
preliminary injunctive relief”); Ctr. for Food Safety v. Vilsack, 636 F.3d 1166,
1171 (9th Cir. 2011) (explaining that to establish irreparable harm, a plaintiff must
show that he is “under threat of suffering ‘injury in fact’ that is concrete and
particularized; the threat must be actual and imminent, not conjectural or
hypothetical; it must be fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant;
and it must be likely that a favorable judicial decision will prevent or redress the
injury” (quoting Summers v. Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488, 493 (2009)).
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Plaintiff’s fear of retaliatory harm to his person is purely speculative.
Plaintiff does not allege that Defendants have attacked, assaulted, starved, or
attempted to kill him since he filed his underlying claims. Nor does Plaintiff
provide any factual allegations to support his contention that he is at immediate
risk of such grave harm. At best, Plaintiff alleges only that occasionally he does
not receive as much food as he believes he should get. In short, Plaintiff has
alleged only a hypothetical chance of future injury.
Further, Plaintiff has failed to establish that he is being denied access
to the law library or to his counsel. Nor has he shown that he is likely to be denied
such access in the future. Plaintiff went to the law library on January 16, 17, 22
and 23, 2018. See Harrington Decl. ¶¶ 5, 7, ECF No. 174-2; Defs.’ Exs. 2, 4, ECF
Nos. 174-5, 174-7. And according to Plaintiff’s criminal counsel, he had
confirmed appointments to meet with Plaintiff on March 13 and 14, 2018. See
Schoettle Decl. ¶¶ 13, 16, ECF No. 179. Further, counsel stated that since June
2018, he has “met personally with [Plaintiff] at [HCF] many times for many hours
to discuss the issues on appeal.” Schoettle Decl. ¶¶ 3, 5, ECF No. 165-12.
Finally, a review of the court docket in these cases shows that Plaintiff
has not been hindered in his ability to litigate these cases and meet court deadlines
while at HCF. Nor has he established that he is likely to suffer prejudice from any
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future denial of access to the law library or to counsel. Plaintiff’s allegations that
Defendants are mishandling Plaintiff’s personal and legal mail, raised in
supplemental filings and during a settlement conference, were recently addressed
by Magistrate Judge Kenneth J. Mansfield during a status conference on February
9, 2018. ECF Nos. 164, 168.3 Since that time, Plaintiff does not allege that he has
been unable to send mail to his criminal counsel, or to opposing counsel or the
court in order to litigate these civil cases.4
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3
Plaintiff’s allegations regarding mishandling of personal mail from Leah Sunada to
Plaintiff concern a disagreement between Plaintiff and Defendants whether the mail violated
prison policies. Because the prison may impose restrictions on Plaintiff’s personal mail, it is not
at all clear that these allegations establish any constitutional violation. And at least some
correspondence from Ms. Sunada was sent to Plaintiff’s criminal counsel pursuant to Plaintiff’s
request. See Harrington Decl. ¶¶ 9-10, ECF No. 174-2; Defs.’ Exs. 5-6, ECF Nos. 174-5, 174-6
(forms completed by Plaintiff instructing prison to send prohibited mail to his counsel).
4
Plaintiff alleges that on February 15, 2018, his criminal counsel mailed him legal
documents and that mailroom personnel opened and inspected them outside of Plaintiff’s
presence. Pl.’s Decl. ¶ 9, ECF No. 175. Even assuming Plaintiff’s allegation that Defendants
opened Plaintiff’s legal mail outside of his presence is sufficient to show a constitutional
violation, and even assuming this is sufficient to establish irreparable harm, as explained above,
an injunction ordering a transfer is not warranted because this harm can be remedied by less
intrusive means. See 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(1) (limiting the court’s authority to providing the least
intrusive means of relief necessary to remedy any harm).
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III. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction
is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED: Honolulu, Hawaii, March 20, 2018.
/s/ J. Michael Seabright
J. Michael Seabright
Chief United States District Judge
Pitts v. Espinda, Civ. No. 15-00483 JMS-KJM; Pitts v. Tuitama, Civ. No. 17-00137 JMS-KJM,
Order Denying Motion for Preliminary Injunction
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