Van Orden et al v. Caribou County et al
Filing
173
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER denying 161 Motion for Attorney Fees; denying 163 Motion for Attorney Fees. Signed by Judge B. Lynn Winmill. (caused to be mailed to non Registered Participants at the addresses listed on the Notice of Electronic Filing (NEF) by (cjm)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO
ALAN K. VAN ORDEN, Personal
Representative of the Estate of Crystal
Rhea Bannister; ROBERT BANNISTER,
a legal heir of Crystal R. Bannister; and
MICHELLE WALESKE, a legal heir of
Crystal R. Bannister,
Case No. 4:10-CV-385-BLW
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND
ORDER
Plaintiffs,
v.
CARIBOU COUNTY; CARIBOU
COUNTY SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT;
RIC L. ANDERSON, in his individual
and official capacities; MICHAEL
HADERLIE, in his individual and
official capacities; BROCK LOPEZ, in
his individual and official capacities;
HEATH S. DOWNS; BRANDY
BREDEHOFT; JUDY PROBART
LONG; JODI SUTER; BRETT SMITH;
and JOHN DOES 1-10,
Defendants.
Before the Court are Motions for Attorney Fees (Dkts. 161, 163) by Defendant
Smith and Defendants Caribou County, the Caribou County Sheriff’s Department, Ric L.
Anderson, Michael Haderlie, Brock Lopez, Heath S. Downs, Brandy Bredehoft, Judy
Probart Long, and Jodi Suter (collectively, County Defendants). The Motions are fully
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER - 1
briefed and at issue. The Court has determined that oral argument would not
significantly assist the decisional process and will therefore consider the matters without
a hearing. Being familiar with the record and having considered the parties’ briefing, the
Court will deny the Motions (Dkts. 161, 163), for reasons set forth in this decision.
BACKGROUND
On August 25, 2009, Chrystal Rhea Bannister committed suicide while in custody
at Caribou County jail. Plaintiffs Van Orden, Bannister, and Waleske – Chrystal’s
personal representative and parents – sued Caribou County and a number of its
employees, as well as the County jail’s contracted physician’s assistant, Brett Smith.
Plaintiffs alleged negligence and constitutional violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, among
other claims. The County Defendants, Defendant Smith, and Plaintiffs each moved for
summary judgment. On June 8, 2012, the Court entered its Memorandum Decision and
Order (Dkt. 154) granting summary judgment to Defendants, and denying summary
judgment to Plaintiffs.
Defendants now move for attorney fees (Dkts. 161, 163).
LEGAL STANDARD
A court may award reasonable attorney fees and costs to the prevailing party in an
action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 42 U.S.C. § 1988(b). The parties here do not
dispute that Defendants prevailed on motions for summary judgment. However, where
defendant is the prevailing party, § 1988 only allows attorney fees for those claims found
to be “frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation.” Fox v. Vice, 131 S.Ct. 2205, 2213
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER - 2
(2011) (citing Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412 (1978)). In Fox v.
Vice, the Supreme Court noted that one or more reasonable allegations will not immunize
a plaintiff against attorney fees for frivolous claims also in the complaint. Id. at 2214.
Thus the Court must consider whether any of Plaintiffs’ claims were frivolous.
In determining whether claims were frivolous so as to warrant attorney fees, the
district court must evaluate the claims at the time the complaint was filed. Tutor-Saliba
Corp. v. City of Hailey, 452 F.3d 1055, 1060 (9th Cir. 2006). This means the court must
avoid concluding that a claim was unreasonable or unfounded simply because it
ultimately failed. Christiansburg, 434 U.S. at 421.
ANALYSIS
In this case, Defendants brought a motion to dismiss the initial complaint, for
failure to state a claim on which relief could be granted. Motion, Dkt. 23. After
considering the complaint and parties’ oral and written arguments, the Court denied the
motion.1 Order on Mot. Dism., Dkt. 47. Thus, accepting the factual allegations as true,
the Court concluded that the initial complaint stated a plausible claim for relief.
Consistent with that decision, the Court now finds that Plaintiffs’ initial claims, although
ultimately unsuccessful, were not unfounded.
1
Because Plaintiffs conceded the Eighth Amendment was inapplicable here, the Court directed Plaintiffs
to exclude that claim from their amended complaint. Order on Mot. to Dism., Dkt. 47 at 4.
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER - 3
Indeed, the Court’s decision granting summary judgment2 to Defendants was
based on careful review of the record developed through months of discovery. Order on
Mots. for Summ. Jmt., Dkt. 154. In that decision, the Court concluded that Plaintiffs
failed to show that a genuine issue of fact remained to support their claims of deliberate
indifference to Crystal Bannister’s constitutional rights. Because those constitutional
claims failed, the Court also dismissed the remaining claims premised on a successful
deliberate indifference claim: the institutional claims under Monell v. Dept. of Soc. Svcs.
of New York City, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), and the claim – added in the amended complaint
– for deprivation of familial rights. First Am. Compl., Dkt. 52.
Although the record left no genuine material issue of fact for trial, the Court
cannot conclude that Plaintiffs’ claims were frivolous or unreasonable at the time the
complaint and amended complaint were filed. Arguing otherwise, Defendants contend
that Plaintiffs’ suit was plainly at odds with the Ninth Circuit’s holding in Simmons v.
Navajo County, Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011 (9th Cir. 2010). In Simmons, the Ninth Circuit
considered an action against various jail personnel, by parents of a pretrial detainee who
committed suicide while in custody. Id. The Simmons court held that, to establish
deliberate indifference, a plaintiff must show that defendants were subjectively aware of
2
In their opposition to attorney fees, Plaintiffs contend that they asserted a wrongful death claim against
Defendants pursuant to Idaho common law. Opp., Dkt. 165 at 6-7. However, Plaintiffs’ Amended
Complaint plainly did not assert a wrongful death action under Idaho Code § 5-311. First Am. Compl.,
Dkt. 52 at 12-13. Plaintiffs’ prayer for relief requested wrongful death damages on their first and second
causes of action under § 1983, but not on their third cause of action, which asserted negligence. Id. at 1314.
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER - 4
a serious medical need, but disregarded it. Id. at 1017-18. Mere imprudence or
negligence does not suffice. Id. at 1020.
The Court agrees that Simmons, decided just over a month before Plaintiffs’ suit
was filed, controls the outcome here. However, the fact that Plaintiffs pursued this action
despite Simmons does not demonstrate that the action was frivolous or unreasonable. In
the Court’s view, the decision to pursue this action reflects Plaintiffs’ honest, but
ultimately mistaken, belief that they would be able to establish at trial that the Defendants
(1) were subjectively aware of a serious risk that Crystal would attempt suicide, and (2)
chose to ignore the risk. For that reason, Defendants are not entitled to attorney fees.
The Court will therefore deny the motions.
ORDER
IT IS ORDERED THAT:
1.
The Defendant Smith’s Motion for Attorney Fees (Dkt. 161) is DENIED.
2.
The County Defendants’ Motion for Attorney Fees and Non-Taxable Costs
(Dkt. 163) is DENIED.
DATED: October 25, 2012
_________________________
B. Lynn Winmill
Chief Judge
United States District Court
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER - 5
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