McGlasson v. BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC et al
Filing
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ORDER & OPINION entered by Chief Judge James E. Shadid on 5/18/2017: IT IS ORDERED that Defendants' BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC and Vazquez's Motion 9 to Dismiss and Defendant Harris' Motion 17 to Dismiss and Quash Service are GRANTED and Plaintiff McGlasson's Motion 15 for Default Judgment and Entry of Default against Defendant Harris is DENIED. SEE FULL WRITTEN ORDER & OPINION.(JRK, ilcd)
E-FILED
Thursday, 18 May, 2017 12:24:20 PM
Clerk, U.S. District Court, ILCD
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
JOHN B. MCGLASSON, JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
BYB EXTREME FIGHTING SERIES,
LLC, a Florida limited liability company,
MICHAEL VAZQUEZ, and
DHAFIR “DADA 5000” HARRIS,
Defendants.
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Case No. 16-1259
ORDER AND OPINION
This matter is now before the Court on Defendants’ BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC
and Michael Vazquez’s Motion [9] to Dismiss, Plaintiff McGlasson’s Motion [15] for Default
Judgment and Entry of Default against Defendant Harris, and Defendant Harris’ Motion [17] to
Dismiss and Quash Service. For the reasons set forth below, Defendants’ Motions [9] [17] are
GRANTED and Plaintiff’s Motion [15] is DENIED.
BACKGROUND
On February 22, 2016, Plaintiff John B. McGlasson, Jr. (“McGlasson”) filed a complaint
for damages and equitable relief against BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC (“BYB”), Michael
Vazquez, (“Vazquez”), and Dhafir “DADA 5000” Harris (“Harris”) in the Circuit Court of the
Tenth Judicial Circuit of Peoria County, Illinois. McGlasson v. BYB Extreme Fighting Series,
LLC, et al., Case No. 2016-CH-63 (Feb. 22, 2016). On June 14 and June 20, 2016, respectively,
BYB and Vazquez were served with the Summons and Complaint. According to a process
server’s affidavit of service, Defendant Harris was served by way of substitute service on June
18, 2016 by leaving a copy of the Summons and Complaint with Harris’ son, Dhafir Harris Jr., at
1
10421 SW 179th Street in Miami, Florida. McGlasson is a citizen of Illinois; BYB is a Florida
limited liability company with its principal place of business in Florida. BYB has one member,
Lights Out Productions, LLC (“Lights Out”). Lights Out consists of two members, Vazquez and
Jose M. Suris, who are both citizens of Florida. Defendant Harris is a citizen of Florida. On July
12, 2016, Defendants BYB and Vazquez removed this action to the United States District Court
for the Central District of Illinois under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1441 and 1332(a). 1
(A) Plaintiff’s Complaint and Amended Complaint
Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are taken from Plaintiff’s Amended
Complaint. Doc. 8. Plaintiff McGlasson is in the business of music production and promotion
and he creates television and film concepts. He is also the founder of OIE Creative, an
independent record label, and MYTVNOW.com, an independent web-based television startup
company. In late 2011, McGlasson created the television series concept known as “Fightship,”
which involves mixed martial arts (“MMA”) fighters in a tournament on board a ship sailing on
international waters. Fightship was envisioned as a reality-based television series with global
syndication, live pay-per-view events, and international mass-merchandising sales. In late 2012,
McGlasson began working with Harris to secure a television production agreement for Fightship,
featuring Harris as co-host and later as host of the series. In September 2013, McGlasson sent
Harris copies of an agreement memorializing the alleged partnership between McGlasson,
Harris, and Tineo, but Harris never signed the documents.
McGlasson and Harris worked together through January 31, 2015, after which the
relationship fell apart and Harris ceased communication with McGlasson. During a January 31,
1
Although Defendant Harris did not join in the removal, his Motion to Dismiss [17] asserts that he was not properly
served. See 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(2)(A). However, because Plaintiff did not object, and the time for doing so has long
passed, the Court need not address the issue. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c).
2
2015 phone call, Harris informed McGlasson that he had secured Vazquez as an investor and
partner in BYB. Harris informed McGlasson during this call that Defendant Vazquez “loves
Fightship” and wanted McGlasson to “get to Miami in the next two weeks to meet [Vazquez] and
make a deal” regarding Fightship, and that they were ready to schedule the first BYB/Fightship
event. On April 15, 2015, McGlasson overheard a telephone conversation between Harris and
McGlasson’s former business partner, Charlene Tineo, during which Harris allegedly told Tineo
that “I’m stealing John (McGlasson’s) idea, I’m doing it. This is the United States of America
and I can do what I want.” On April 25, 2015, BYB announced the Battleship I event, scheduled
for June 5, 2015. It was billed as a mixed martial arts-style tournament fight on board a ship
sailing off the Florida coast, which Plaintiff alleges is “a clear and blatant infringement upon the
intellectual property created and owned by Plaintiff.”
In the interim, Tineo began negotiating a production partnership with Ultimate Fighting
Championship (“UFC”) fighter Frank Shamrock, which would involve a production agreement
with Viacom/Spike Network or a television network of similar or greater stature to air Fightship
on television as early as 2016. During a March 6, 2015 phone call between Shamrock, Tineo, and
McGlasson, Shamrock said that in exchange for his percentage of ownership in Fightship as part
of the overall agreement, that he had access to funding from boxers such as Oscar Delahoya and
Floyd Mayweather Jr., and that “[t]he president of Spike Network asked me directly to bring him
combat-sports related content.” On March 12, 2015, Tineo, Shamrock, his attorneys Montaneri
and Musacchio, and McGlasson agreed upon partnership terms regarding the long-term
production and marketing of the Fightship television series, which was to include the Fightship
television series, live pay-per-view events, live events on land, and an extensive merchandise
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line. Plaintiff does not state whether the meeting was in person, where it occurred, or where the
contract was formed.
McGlasson made his new partners aware of the possible theft of Plaintiff’s Fightship
venture by Defendants’ Battleship spinoff. All partners agreed that the Battleship I event could
not be allowed to happen due to possible harm to Fightship’s brand at a critical time during
negotiations with investors, networks and production companies. All partners agreed that before
legal action was taken, Shamrock should attempt to speak with Vazquez to work out an
agreement where all parties would all partner together to produce Fightship. This was proposed
by Shamrock to Vazquez during a phone call on May 17, 2015. Vazquez refused the offer on the
phone call and in a later email. McGlasson also reached out to Vazquez via email on May 11,
2015, explaining that he had created the Fightship concept and had previously worked with
Harris to secure a production agreement for Fightship. However, on May 11, 2015, Vazquez
emailed Shamrock stating that he was going “full steam ahead” with their planned Battleship
event at sea.
McGlasson served Defendants with a cease and desist order on May 11, 2015 and May
12, 2015 regarding the June 5, 2015 Battleship event. 2 Defendants continued to promote the
event post-service. As the June 5, 2015 event drew near, Shamrock informed Tineo and
McGlasson that many people in the MMA world were watching Defendants’ event as a “trial
run” for Fightship, and that if there was a tragic event which created “liability issues” or “image
problems” for the brand, networks would be reluctant to produce Fightship. Defendants’ event
2
McGlasson’s cease and desist letter, which was prepared by a California attorney, was the basis for a tortious
interference action in a Florida state court. Ultimately, default judgment was entered against McGlasson after the
Florida Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit in Miami-Date County found that McGlasson was properly
served and failed to appear. See BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC v. McGlasson, Case No. 2015-013145 (Dec. 4,
2015).
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took place as scheduled. Soon after Defendants’ event, Shamrock informed McGlasson and
Tineo that their “brand has been damaged, people know about the legal battle involving
Fightship and nobody will touch Fightship until this is cleared up.” Shamrock saw no choice but
to dissolve the partnership and move on from the project.
Freelance writer Jeb Lund attended the June 5, 2015 Battleship event and wrote an article
which was published in the August, 2015 issue of Rolling Stone Magazine entitled “BLOOD
BOAT.” Within this article, Harris describes in detail how he was inspired to found BYB and to
hold fights at sea. Harris claims credit for the idea in the article and never mentions Plaintiff or
the Fightship concept. Plaintiff alleges that “[t]he damage to Plaintiff’s intellectual property
through the direct actions of Defendants is terminal” and “Plaintiff’s chances of securing a
production contract for his Fightship concept are destroyed through the direct actions of
Defendants.”
McGlasson’s Amended Complaint asserts claims for tortious interference with a
prospective business relationship, implied contract and unjust enrichment, misappropriation of
trade secrets, and for temporary and permanent injunctive relief.
(B) BYB and Vazquez’s Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction
On August 23, 2016, Defendants BYB and Vazquez filed a Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 9)
and Memorandum in support (Doc. 10) alleging that this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over
them. Therein, Defendants identify six contacts alleged by Plaintiff:
(i) “one or more Defendants individually or in combination of efforts or results,
placed a phone call into Illinois;” (ii) “one or more Defendants individually or in
combination of efforts or results . . . sent numerous emails to Plaintiff about the
subject matter of this case;” (iii) Plaintiff mailed numerous documents from
Illinois to Florida that “Defendants never discouraged him from sending;” (iv)
Plaintiff sent a “Cease and Desist” letter to Defendants from Illinois; and (v)
Rolling Stone Magazine published an article about Defendants’ Battleship I event.
(Am. Cmpl. at p. 2.)
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Doc. 10, at 3-4.
Defendants assert that the above contacts alleged by Plaintiff are insufficient to confer personal
jurisdiction over them because BYB and Vazquez never communicated with McGlasson; rather,
the contacts are between McGlasson and Harris or McGlasson and an unaffiliated non-party
(Shamrock). Additionally, Defendants assert that McGlasson’s claim that he mailed numerous
documents to Defendants is insufficient to confer personal jurisdiction because it concerns the
Plaintiff’s activity, not the Defendants’ activity.
(C) Harris’ Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and to Quash Service
On March 2, 2017, after Plaintiff filed a Motion for Default Judgment against Defendant
Harris (Doc. 15), Harris entered his appearance and filed a Motion to Dismiss and to Quash
Service. Doc. 17. Therein, Harris raises arguments to those of BYB and Vazquez. Additionally,
Harris asserts that he was not properly served. In support, Harris provides affidavits from himself
and his son denying that either was ever served with the summons or complaint and alleging that
the address identified in the process server’s affidavit is not his primary residence.
LEGAL STANDARD
Courts have traditionally held that a complaint should not be dismissed unless it appears
from the pleadings that the plaintiff could prove no set of facts in support of her claim which
would entitle her to relief. See Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41 (1957); Gould v. Artisoft, Inc., 1
F.3d 544, 548 (7th Cir. 1993). Rather, a complaint should be construed broadly and liberally in
conformity with the mandate in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8(e). More recently, the
Supreme Court has phrased this standard as requiring a showing sufficient “to raise a right to
relief beyond a speculative level.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1965 (2007).
The claim for relief must be “plausible on its face.” Id.; Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1953
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(2009). For purposes of a motion to dismiss, the complaint is construed in the light most
favorable to the plaintiff and all well-pleaded factual allegations are taken as true. Albright v.
Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 268 (1994); Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69 (1984); Lanigan v.
Village of East Hazel Crest, 110 F.3d 467 (7th Cir. 1997); M.C.M. Partners, Inc. v. AndrewsBartlett & Assoc., Inc., 62 F.3d 967, 969 (7th Cir. 1995); Early v. Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 959
F.2d 75 (7th Cir. 1992).
In addition to the pleading requirements, the defendant must be subject to the Court’s
jurisdiction. The Due Process Clause requires that individuals have “fair warning that a particular
activity may subject them to the jurisdiction of a foreign sovereign,” Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S.
186, 218 (1977) (Stevens, J., concurring), thus providing “a degree of predictability to the legal
system that allows potential defendants to structure their primary conduct with some minimum
assurance as to where that conduct will and will not render them liable to suit.” World-Wide
Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980); see also Burger King Corp. v.
Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 472 (1985). As such, the “plaintiff bears the burden of demonstrating
personal jurisdiction.” Cent. States, Se. & Sw. Areas Pension Fund v. Reimer Express World
Corp., 230 F.3d 934, 942-45 (7th Cir. 2000). However, “[w]hen challenged at the motion to
dismiss stage, the plaintiff need only make a prima facie showing of facts establishing personal
jurisdiction.” United States ex rel Conyers v. Kellogg, Brown & Root, Inc., 2015 WL 1510544
(C.D. Ill. Mar. 30, 2015) (citing Felland v. Clifton, 682 F.3d 665, 672 (7th Cir. 2012)). Thus, the
Court takes as true all well-pleaded facts alleged in the complaint and resolves any factual
disputes in favor of the plaintiff. Tamburo, 601 F.3d at 700.
Where a “State exercises personal jurisdiction over a defendant in a suit arising out of or
related to the defendant’s contacts with the forum, the State is exercising ‘specific jurisdiction’
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over the defendant.” In contrast, “[w]hen a State exercises personal jurisdiction over a defendant
in a suit not arising out of or related to the defendant’s contacts with the forum,” the state is
exercising ‘general jurisdiction’ over the defendant. Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A.
v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 414 n. 8, 9 (1984). And a federal district court exercising diversity
jurisdiction has personal jurisdiction only to the extent that the court of the state in which it sits
would have personal jurisdiction. RAR, Inc. v. Turner Diesel, Ltd., 107 F.3d 1272, 1276 (7th Cir.
1997). Because the Illinois long-arm statute “permits the exercise of jurisdiction to the full extent
permitted by the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause . . . the state statutory and federal
constitutional inquiries merge.” Tamburo v. Dworkin, 601 F.3d 693, 700 (7th Cir. 2010); 735
ILCS 5/2-209.
“The nature of the purposeful-direction/purposeful-availment inquiry depends in large
part on the type of claim at issue.” Felland v. Clifton, 682 F.3d 665, 674 (7th Cir. 2012). In
breach of contract suits, personal jurisdiction “generally turns on whether the defendant
purposefully availed himself of the privilege of conducting business in the forum state.” On the
other hand, “[w]here a plaintiff’s claim is for an intentional tort, ‘the inquiry focuses on whether
the conduct underlying the claim[ ] was purposefully directed at the forum state.’” Felland, 682
F.3d at 674 (quoting Tamburo, 601 F.3d at 702). Thus, with respect to intentional torts, the
Seventh Circuit has identified three requirements from Calder v. Jones and Tamburo for
determining whether conduct is “purposefully directed” at a forum state:
(1) intentional conduct (or “intentional and allegedly tortious” conduct); (2)
expressly aimed at the forum state; (3) with the defendant's knowledge that the
effects would be felt—that is, the plaintiff would be injured—in the forum state.
601 F.3d at 703. If the plaintiff makes these three showings, he has established
that the defendant “purposefully directed” his activity at the forum state.
Felland v. Clifton, 682 F.3d 665, 674–75 (7th Cir. 2012).
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ANALYSIS
Plaintiff asserts that this Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendants BYB and
Vazquez because the actions of Defendant Harris, which Plaintiff asserts are imputed to BYB and
Vazquez as agents or partners. Doc. 20, at 2. Thus, the Court will first address whether Plaintiff
has met his burden of establishing personal jurisdiction over Defendant Harris.
(A) Personal Jurisdiction with Respect to Defendant Harris
As alleged in Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint, accompanying affidavits, and responses,
Harris’ contacts with Illinois can be summarized as follows:
On August 19, 2013, McGlasson sent an e-mail to which Harris responded on the
same day, asking to see McGlasson’s YouTube trailer for Fightship and indicating
that he wanted to show it to others who might be interested in promoting the
event. On August 20, 2013, McGlasson sent Harris the link for the trailer and
indicated that it was set to “public” on YouTube. Harris confirmed that he was
able to view the video. Doc. 20, at 3.
McGlasson emailed Harris on September 9, 2013, informing him that he had
received the agreement from Tineo, printed and signed three copies, and would be
sending them to Harris for his signature. McGlasson asked Harris for his address,
which Harris provided. McGlasson’s phone number was listed in the e-mails
showing an Illinois 815 area code, and in discussions with Harris, McGlasson
informed him that he lived in Illinois Doc. 11, at 7.
On January 19, 2015, Harris contacted McGlason about McGlasson’s Fightship
concept and idea. On January 31, 2015, Harris texted McGlasson and informed
him of a deal he was making regarding Fightship and a new bare knuckle boxing
series called BYB Extreme Fighting Series which he was founding with Vazquez
from Miami, Florida. Doc. 11, at 2.
During a January 31, 2015 phone call between Harris and McGlasson, Harris
stated that he had secured Vazquez as an investor and partner in BYB and that
Vazquez, “Loves Fightship” and wanted Plaintiff to travel to Miami in the
following weeks to meet Vazquez and make a deal regarding Fightship, and that
he was ready to schedule the first BYB/Fightship event. Id. at 2-3.
On February 3, 2015, Harris texted McGlasson stating he would be contacting
him again, but failed to do so. Id. at 7.
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During an April 15, 2015 phone call between Harris and McGlasson’s former
business partner, Charlene Tineo, Harris told Tineo that he was stealing
McGlasson’s idea. Id. at 3-4.
During the June 5, 2015 Battleship event, Jeb Lund wrote an article which was
published in the August, 2015 issue of Rolling Stone Magazine titled “BLOOD
BOAT” wherein Harris describes in detail how he was inspired to found BYB and
to hold fights at sea. Harris never mentions McGlasson or the Fightship concept
within the article, which has been and will continue to be viewed by millions of
people worldwide. Id. at 5.
In the context of intentional torts, which Plaintiff asserts in counts one and three of his
Amended Complaint, “[a] forum State's exercise of jurisdiction over an out-of-state intentional
tortfeasor must be based on intentional conduct by the defendant that creates the necessary
contacts with the forum.” Walden v. Fiore, 134 S. Ct. 1115, 1123 (2014). Here, Plaintiff alleges
that Defendants tortuously interfered with a prospective business relationship. Because the nature
of a specific tort is relevant to the analysis of a defendant’s alleged contacts, Id. at 1124, a brief
discussion of the elements of an Illinois tortious interference claim is necessary. In order to state
a claim for tortious interference with a prospective economic advantage under Illinois law, a
plaintiff must prove “(1) his reasonable expectation of entering into a valid business relationship;
(2) the defendant's knowledge of the plaintiff's expectancy; (3) purposeful interference by the
defendant that prevents the plaintiff's legitimate expectancy from ripening into a valid business
relationship; and (4) damages to the plaintiff resulting from such interference.” Fellhauer v. City
of Geneva, 142 Ill. 2d 495, 511, 568 N.E.2d 870, 878 (1991).
The contacts alleged by McGlasson fall into three general categories: communications by
Plaintiff to Harris, communications by Harris to third-parties, and communications by Harris to
Plaintiff. In the context of intentional torts, it is “insufficient to rely on … the ‘unilateral activity’
of a plaintiff.” Id., citing Burger King v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 475 (1985). Indeed, the
Supreme Court has “consistently rejected attempts to satisfy the defendant-focused ‘minimum
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contacts’ inquiry by demonstrating contacts between the plaintiff (or third parties) and the forum
state.” Id., citing Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 455 U.S. 408, 417 (1984).
Thus, McGlasson’s emails and phone calls to Harris are not relevant to the jurisdictional
analysis. Similarly, Harris’ alleged statements to Tineo fall outside the scope of the personal
jurisdiction analysis because Plaintiff does not allege any connection between Tieno and Illinois.
And Harris’ statements to the Rolling Stone, unlike the Calder defendants’ libelous article in the
National Enquirer, do not establish a contact with Illinois because they were not “expressly
aimed” at Illinois. See Walden, 134. S. Ct. at 1124; cf. Calder v. Jones, 465 U.S. 783, 788-89
(1984). Accordingly, of the three categories of alleged contacts, only the last is relevant for
jurisdictional purposes, and only if Harris’ communications with Plaintiff show that Harris has
formed a contact with Illinois. See Walden, 134 S. Ct. at 1125 (“Regardless of where a plaintiff
lives or works, an injury is jurisdictionally relevant only insofar as it shows that the defendant
has formed a contact with the forum State.”).
Harris’ contacts with Illinois are limited to his phone calls, text messages, and emails sent
to McGlasson in Illinois. But see Advanced Tactical Ordnance Sys., LLC v. Real Action
Paintball, Inc., 751 F.3d 796, 803 (7th Cir. 2014) (“As a practical matter, email does not exist in
any location at all; it bounces from one server to another, it starts wherever the account-holder is
sitting when she clicks the “send” button, and it winds up wherever the recipient happens to be at
that instant. The connection between the place where an email is opened and a lawsuit is entirely
fortuitous.”). These contacts include Harris’ 2013 email to McGlasson asking for the link to the
publicly available 3 YouTube video and follow-up email providing McGlasson with his Miami
3
Although this matter is not before the Court on a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the Court notes that
Plaintiff’s admission that the video was publicly available likely dooms his trade secret claim. See 765 ILCS
1065/2(d) (defining trade secrets as information that “sufficiently secret” and “the subject of efforts that are
reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy or confidentiality.”).
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address, Harris’ January 2015 text message and phone call to McGlasson informing him of the
creation of BYB with Vazquez, and Harris’ February 2015 text message to McGlasson stating he
would be contacting him again. Plaintiff also alleges that Harris was aware that McGlasson was
from Illinois and his Illinois area code was present in each of the email exchanges.
In addition to the above contacts, Plaintiff claims that the effects of Harris’ alleged
tortious conduct caused Plaintiff to suffer an economic injury in Illinois. The essence of
Plaintiff’s claim is that Defendants, through Harris, “goaded Plaintiff into transmitting material
that would show specifics of his idea which Defendants then took over for their own uses and
tortious purposes.” Doc. 20, at 10. The idea which McGlasson alleges Defendants appropriated
was the Fightship concept. Specifically, McGlasson’s tortious interference claim alleges that
Defendants interfered with his expectation of entering a business relationship with Shamrock and
Tineo. However, Plaintiff has not alleged that either Shamrock or Tineo have any connection
with Illinois. Although McGlasson may have suffered an economic injury in Illinois, that alone is
insufficient to establish personal jurisdiction. See Walden, 134 S. Ct. at 1125 (“The proper
question is not where the plaintiff experienced a particular injury or effect but whether the
defendant's conduct connects him to the forum in a meaningful way.”). Hang Glide USA, LLC v.
Coastal Aviation Maint., LLC, No. 16 C 6905, 2017 WL 1430617, at *3 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 18, 2017)
(“There must be more than economic impact to support personal jurisdiction over Coastal or
Stinson under the long-arm statute's due process requirement—a principle that our Court of
Appeals has adhered to for at least three decades …”).
Similarly, the Fightship concept itself had no relation to Illinois. As alleged in the
Amended Complaint, McGlasson envisioned Fightship as an MMA tournament “on board a ship
sailing on international waters.” Doc. 8, at 3. The only geographic connection Illinois arguably
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has to “international waters” would be Lake Michigan, but it is clear from Plaintiff’s filings and
the promotional video that Fightship was envisioned as an event “at sea,” i.e., off the Florida
coast. Thus, the effects of Defendants’ allegedly tortious conduct would likely be greatest in
Florida, not Illinois. In sum, the only connections Plaintiff alleges between Harris and Illinois are
a handful of emails, text messages, and phone calls, and the fact that McGlasson, an Illinois
resident, felt the economic impact of the alleged tort in Illinois. Plaintiff’s argument “improperly
attributes [McGlasson’s] forum connections to the defendant and makes those connections
“decisive” in the jurisdictional analysis.” Walden, 134 S. Ct. at 1125. Harris’ alleged conduct was
not purposefully directed at Illinois, nor does it connect him to Illinois in a meaningful way.
Accordingly, Harris’ Motion to Dismiss must be granted.
(B) Personal Jurisdiction with Respect to Defendants BYB and Vazquez
Plaintiff asserts that this Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendants BYB and
Vazquez because the actions of Defendant Harris, which Plaintiff asserts are imputed to BYB and
Vazquez as their agent or partner. Doc. 20, at 2. “Personal jurisdiction over an entity is
appropriate when minimum contacts are established through an agent of the entity.” Capgain
Properties Inc. v. Landmaster Partners, LLC, No. 15 C 9234, 2016 WL 3035534, at *2 (N.D. Ill.
May 29, 2016) (citing Wisconsin Elec. Mfg. Co. v. Pennant Prods., Inc., 619 F.2d 676. 677-78
(7th Cir. 1980)). However, as discussed above, Harris’ contacts with Illinois are insufficient to
confer personal jurisdiction over him.
Vazquez’s contacts with Illinois—either individually, or as an agent for BYB—are
nonexistent. Vazquez never traveled to Illinois, conducted activities within Illinois, contacted
anyone in Illinois, or sent anything or anyone to Illinois. See Walden, 134 S. Ct. at 1124
(“Petitioner never traveled to, conducted activities within, contacted anyone in, or sent anything
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or anyone to Nevada. In short, when viewed through the proper lens—whether the defendant's
actions connect him to the forum—petitioner formed no jurisdictionally relevant contacts with
Nevada.”). Thus, the jurisdictional analysis with respect to Harris “confirms with even greater
force that the fragmentary relationships with Illinois referred to in the previous [section] are
insufficient to subject” Vazquez and BYB to suit in Illinois. Hang Glide, 2017 WL 1430617, at
*3–4. Accordingly, the Motion to Dismiss by Defendants Vazquez and BYB must be granted as
well.
(C) Plaintiff’s Motion for Default and Defendant Harris’ Motion to Quash Service
The last issue to be addressed is Plaintiff’s Motion for Default with respect to Defendant
Harris (Doc. 15), and Harris’ Motion to Quash Service (Doc. 17). Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure provides in relevant part, “[s]erving a summons or filing a waiver of service
establishes personal jurisdiction over a defendant … who is subject to the jurisdiction of a court
of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located …” Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(k).
Because the Court finds that personal jurisdiction over Defendants is lacking, Plaintiff’s Motion
for Default against Harris must be denied, since a judgment against him would be void. See
Durukan America, LLC v. Rain Trading, Inc., 787 F.3d 1161, 1163 (7th Cir. 2015) (“[I]f the
district court lacked personal jurisdiction over the defendant at the time it entered the default
judgment, the judgment is void, and it is a per se abuse of discretion to deny a motion to vacate
that judgment.”) (internal citations omitted). Similarly, having found that personal jurisdiction
over Harris is lacking, it is unnecessary to consider whether Harris was properly served. 4
4
For the same reasons, and because Plaintiff has not presented the court with a motion under Rule 11, the Court
finds it unnecessary to provide a detailed analysis of Harris’ representations in his affidavits. Suffice it to say they
are troubling. See, e.g., Doc. 22-1, at 10 (twelve month lease with no terms, for $800 per month, for a total of
$8,000). Nor is it necessary, assuming Harris was properly served, to consider whether he could show “good cause”
for setting aside a default under Rule 55(c), or “just terms” for relief from a final judgment under Rule 60(b). The
Florida court’s balancing of those factors with respect to McGlasson would certainly be persuasive here.
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CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, Defendants’ BYB Extreme Fighting Series, LLC and
Vazquez’s Motion [9] to Dismiss and Defendant Harris’ Motion [17] to Dismiss and Quash
Service are GRANTED and Plaintiff McGlasson’s Motion [15] for Default Judgment and Entry
of Default against Defendant Harris is DENIED.
This matter is now terminated.
Signed on this 18th day of May, 2017.
s/ James E. Shadid
James E. Shadid
Chief United States District Judge
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