Walker v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. et al
Filing
29
MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order Signed by the Honorable Virginia M. Kendall on 9/5/2012:Judicial staff mailed notice(gl, )
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
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12 C 3120
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Judge Virginia M. Kendall
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DAMARIS WALKER,
Plaintiff,
v.
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A.; U.S. BANK,
N.A.; and MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC
REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, INC.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Damaris Walker brings this suit against Defendants Wells Fargo Bank, U.S.
Bank, and Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems (hereafter “MERS”) for Wells Fargo’s
alleged violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (hereafter “FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C.
§ 1692, et seq. (Count I); unjust enrichment (Count III); violation of the Illinois Consumer
Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (hereafter “ICFA”), 815 ILCS 505/1, et seq., and
the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (hereafter “DTPA”), 815 ILCS 510/1, et seq.
(Count IV); and to quiet title against Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank, and MERS (Count II). Walker
attempts to assert an additional claim for “Violation of Illinois Fair Debt Collection Act,”
but Illinois has no such act on record. Walker’s claim in Count V of her Complaint alleges
wilful, malicious, and egregious violations of the ICFA and DTPA on the part of Wells
Fargo.
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This suit arises out of the securitization of a Mortgage and Note on Walker’s
property, which were deposited into a securitized trust called CSFB Mortgage‐Backed Pass‐
Through Certificates, Series 2005‐10. Wells Fargo was the servicer for Walker’s loan, along
with other loans in the Trust. Walker alleges that the Trust was terminated and dissolved
on March 30, 2006, based on a document entitled “Form 15 Certification and Notice of
Termination of Registration under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or
Suspension of Duty to File Reports under Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934” (hereafter “Form 15”), a copy of which Walker attached as an Exhibit to her
Complaint. Walker argues that as a result of the alleged dissolution, the Trust no longer
owns the Note and Wells Fargo, as servicer for the Trust, is no longer Walker’s servicer and
lost all rights to collect payments under the Note. As a result, Walker alleges that the
Defendants’ subsequent activities with respect to the Note and Mortgage were illegal.
The Defendants argue that Form 15, which is attached to the Complaint, flatly
establishes that the Trust was not terminated or dissolved. Thus, according to the
Defendants, Walker’s claims under the FDCPA, the ICFA, the DTPA, as well as her claims
for unjust enrichment and to quiet title are scotched because all of her claims rely on the
presumption that the Trust was terminated. Accordingly, the Defendants’ move to dismiss
Walker’s Complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state
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a claim upon which relief can be granted. For the reasons set forth herein, the Defendants’
Motion is granted and Walker’s Complaint is dismissed with prejudice.
I. Background
In deciding the instant Motion, the Court assumes the veracity of the well‐pleaded
facts in the Complaint and construes all reasonable inferences in favor of Walker, the
nonmoving party. See Killingsworth v. HSBC Bank, 507 F.3d 614, 619 (7th Cir. 2007) (citing
Savory v. Lyons, 469 F.3d 667, 670 (7th Cir. 2006)); accord Murphy v. Walker, 51 F.3d 714, 717
(7th Cir. 1995). Although the well‐pleaded facts are entitled to the presumption of truth,
documents attached to the Complaint control over contrary pleadings and where an
Exhibit conflicts with the allegations of the Complaint the Exhibit controls. See Massey v.
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., 464 F.3d 642, 645 (7th Cir. 2006) (citing Centers v. Centennial Mortg.,
Inc., 398 F.3d 930, 933 (7th Cir. 2005)); see, e.g., McClinton El v. Potter, Nos. 06 C 5329 and 06
C 6839, 2008 WL 5111182, *4 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 4, 2008). Therefore a plaintiff may plead herself
out of court by attaching documents to her complaint that indicate that she is not entitled
to relief. See Massey, 464 F.3d at 645.
Walker owns and possesses the Subject Property, which is identified by its PIN 20‐
10‐110‐006‐0000, in Cook County, Illinois. On July 5, 2005, Walker signed a mortgage Note
in favor of RBC Mortgage Company (hereafter “RBC”), the original mortgagee of the
Subject Property. On the same date, to secure this loan Walker signed the Mortgage that
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conveyed a security interest in the Subject Property to RBC, as lender, with MERS “as a
nominee.” Soon thereafter, RBC endorsed, sold, and transferred the Note and the
Mortgage to Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corporation (hereafter “Credit
Suisse”).
On or about September 1, 2005, Credit Suisse securitized and transferred the Note
and the Mortgage to CSFB Mortgage‐Backed Pass‐Through Certificates, Series 2005‐10
(hereafter “Trust 2005‐10”), a mortgage‐backed‐securities trust settled under the laws of
the State of New York and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(hereafter “the SEC”). The SEC publishes Trust 2005‐10’s founding agreement and its Rule
424(b)(5) Registration Prospectus online through its EDGAR system. The 424(b)(5)
Registration Prospectus identifies the servicer of the loan as Wells Fargo, the Trustee as
U.S. Bank, and the date on which the Note and the Mortgage were transferred to Trust
2005‐10. Thus, Wells Fargo was the servicer for loans secutitized in the Trust, including
Walker’s loan.
On January 26, 2006, Trust 2005‐10 allegedly filed its Form 15‐15D, “Notice and
Certification of Termination” with the SEC. Walker alleges that on March 20, 2006, Trust
2005‐10 filed its final 10‐K Annual Report and was terminated and dissolved. The final
Form 10‐K states that, as of the alleged date of termination, the Trust allegedly had no
business, no public trading market, no select financial date, no disclosures, no financial
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statements and supplementary date, no directors and executive officers, no relationships
and related transactions, and no account services. Walker alleges that therefore, on
information and belief, Trust 2005‐10 was dissolved on or before January 26, 2006.
On the same date, under the laws of the State of New York, all of the assets of Trust
2005‐10 were allegedly distributed to the certificateholders of the Trust, and they allegedly
became the only mortgagees—the only legal holders of the Note and Mortgage. After the
Trust was allegedly terminated, Wells Fargo, allegedly without any interest in the Note or
the Mortgage, and without any privity of contract with the mortgagees, held itself out as
the servicer of the Note and Mortgage and sent purported mortgage bills to Walker each
month. Walker, relying on Wells Fargo’s allegedly false representation that it was the
servicer of the Note, paid many of these bills.
On December 30, 2006, Wells Fargo, through its America’s Servicing Company
division, sent a Form 1098 to the IRS showing the amount Walker paid to it in 2006. On
February 28, 2012, Wells Fargo, through its America’s Servicing Company division, sent
a letter to Walker and enclosed a “Payment History/Customer Account Activity Statement”
showing all amounts paid by Walker to Wells Fargo since March 1, 2009.
Walker alleges that there is no evidence that MERS was ever a “holder” of either the
Note or the Mortgage in this case. According to Walker, MERS exists—in accordance with
its name—simply as an electronic registration system to track the transfer of notes and
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mortgages. Walker claims that MERS, pursuant to its standard practices and procedures,
does not exercise physical control or custody over actual notes or mortgages. Walker
alleges that there is no recorded or other evidence that Trust 2005‐10 ever sold the Note or
the Mortgage to any other entity.
Walker alleges that beginning on or about March 30, 2006, Wells Fargo knowingly
and intentionally communicated, and continued to communicate, deceptive, false,
fraudulent, and misleading statements to Walker representing or implying that it was and
is the servicer of the Note and the Mortgage. At this time, Walker alleges that Wells Fargo
in its communications with her falsely represented that the mortgage debt payments were
owed to it. Furthermore, Walker alleges that Wells Fargo falsely represented that it had
standing and authority to foreclose on the Mortgage. She also alleges that Wells Fargo
used false, deceptive, and misleading representations in connection with the collection of
the alleged debt and falsely represented to Walker the character, amount, and legal status
of the alleged debt. Walker alleges that Wells Fargo falsely represented to her that
nonpayment of the alleged debt would result in the sale of the Subject Property. Walker
alleges that Wells Fargo has used false representations and deceptive means to collect or
attempt to collect the alleged debt from her in an amount not expressly authorized by the
agreement creating the debt and not permitted by law. Walker further alleges that Wells
Fargo has failed to validate her alleged debt as required by 15 U.S.C. § 1692g.
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Defendants Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank, and MERS are joined as they are allegedly
claimants to an interest in the Subject Property adverse to that of Mr. and Mrs. Pirard.
MERS’s name appears on the title as “nominee,” and Walker alleges that its interest has
never been properly and formally released. Walker alleges that the claim of MERS, as
“nominee,” and the claims of Wells Fargo and U.S. Bank, as servicer and former holder of
the Note, constitute a cloud on the title of the Subject Property. Wells Fargo and U.S. Bank
are not named anywhere on the Note or the Mortgage.
Trust 2005‐10 was the only owner and legal holder of the Note and the Mortgage
from September 1, 2005, until the moment the Trust was allegedly terminated. The title
abstract reveals that no assignment of the Note or the Mortgage from Trust 2005‐10 to any
party was ever recorded on the Subject Property. Walker alleges that Wells Fargo, U.S.
Bank, and MERS have no legal interest in the Note or the Mortgage that could allow them
to collect payments under the Note and the Mortgage. She alleges that there is no genuine
evidence of ownership: no valid assignment, no allonge, no bill of sale, no contract, no
receipt, no substitution of trustee, and no payment. Walker claims that mortgagors have
a duty to make payments to the correct mortgagee and a right to negotiate with the true
owner of their mortgage. Walker alleges that only with a declaratory judgment from this
Court can she know to which party to make her mortgage payments; payments which she
does not dispute she owes.
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Walker also alleges that Wells Fargo, without having purchased either the Note or
the Mortgage, without any servicing rights, and without privity of contract with the
mortgagees, sent Walker false monthly statements purporting to have authority to collect
mortgage payments. Walker, relying on these representations, paid many of the purported
mortgage bills sent by Wells Fargo. Walker alleges that Wells Fargo, by collecting funds
from her without authority, has unjustly retained a benefit to the detriment of herself.
Walker alleges that Wells Fargo accepted and retained the mortgage payments without
applying them to the balance she owed to the true mortgagees.
Walker alleges that Wells Fargo willfully passed off its services as those of
another—as those of the mortgagee of the Note and Mortgage. She further alleges that
Wells Fargo has wilfully caused a likelihood of confusion and misunderstanding as to the
source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of its services. She claims that Wells Fargo
pretends to be a lender where it is not. Walker alleges that Wells Fargo has wilfully
represented that its services have approval, characteristics, uses, and benefits that they do
not have. She alleges that Wells Fargo is not authorized by the mortgagee, and that Wells
Fargo cannot release the Mortgage if Walker were to make all payments under the Note to
it. In short, Walker alleges that Wells Fargo has willfully engaged in conduct that creates
a likelihood of confusion and misunderstanding as to who the true mortgagee of the
Subject Property is.
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Finally, Walker alleges that Wells Fargo acted as a debt collector, not as a creditor,
because it was not providing credit to her and because she allegedly owes it no debt as a
result of the alleged termination of the Trust. She claims that Wells Fargo’s actions in
allegedly wrongfully collecting mortgage loan payments from her constitute willful,
malicious, and egregious violations of the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business
Practices Act and the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Walker alleges that Wells
Fargo committed these wrongs in the manner described above, by, for example, using
false, deceptive, and misleading representations in connection with the collection of the
alleged debt and falsely representing to Walker the character, amount, and legal status of
the alleged debt.
II. The Standard of Review
When considering a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the Court accepts as true all of
the well‐plead facts alleged in the complaint and construes all reasonable inferences in
favor of the nonmoving party. See Killingsworth, 507 F.3d at 618 (citing Savory, 469 F.3d at
670); accord Murphy, 51 F.3d at 717. To properly state a valid claim, the complaint must
contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to
relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). “Detailed factual allegations” are not required, but the
plaintiff must allege facts that, when “accepted as true. . .state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp.
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v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)) (internal quotations omitted). To determine whether
a complaint meets this standard the “reviewing court [must] draw on its judicial experience
and common sense.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. If the factual allegations are well‐plead, the
Court assumes their veracity and then proceeds to determine whether they plausibly give
rise to an entitlement to relief. Id. at 679. A claim has facial plausibility when its factual
content allows the Court to draw a reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
misconduct alleged. See Id. at 678. In deciding a motion to dismiss “courts should not
accept as adequate abstract recitations of the elements of a cause of action or conclusory
legal statements.” Brooks v. Ross, 578 F.3d 574, 581 (7th Cir. 2009). Furthermore, although
the well‐plead facts alleged in a complaint are entitled to the presumption of truth,
documents attached to a complaint control over contrary pleadings and where an exhibit
conflicts with the allegations of a complaint the exhibit controls over the contrary
pleadings. See Massey, 464 F.3d at 645 (citing Centers, 398 F.3d at 933); see, e.g., McClinton
El, 2008 WL 5111182 at *4. Therefore a plaintiff may plead herself out of court by attaching
documents to the complaint that indicate that she is not entitled to relief. See Massey, 464
F.3d at 645.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) thus imposes two requirements on every
complaint in order for it to survive a motion to dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6). See EEOC v. Concentra Health Servs., Inc., 496 F.3d 773, 776 (7th Cir.
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2007) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555); accord Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. First, a complaint must
describe the plaintiff’s claims and the grounds supporting them in “sufficient detail to give
the defendant fair notice” of the claims alleged against it, which requires more than mere
“labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action.”
Concentra, 496 F.3d at 776. Notice to the defendant alone, however, is not sufficient. To
survive a motion to dismiss, the complaint must, in addition to providing notice to the
defendant of the claims alleged against it, include factual allegations which “plausibly
suggest a right to relief, raising that possibility above a speculative level.” See Id. “The
plausibility standard. . .asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted
unlawfully. Where a complaint pleads facts that were merely consistent with a defendant’s
liability, it stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to
relief.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557) (internal quotations
omitted). Accordingly, Rule 8 “does not unlock the doors of discovery for a plaintiff armed
with nothing more than conclusions.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678‐679. Thus, a motion to dismiss
may be properly granted in favor of the moving party where the plaintiff does not allege
a plausible entitlement to relief either by failing to provide the defendant with notice of the
claims alleged against it or by asserting only speculative or conclusory allegations in the
complaint.
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III. Discussion
All five of the Counts alleged in Walker’s Complaint are premised on her allegation
that Trust 2005‐10 was “terminated and dissolved” in March 2006. Walker bases that
assertion on the Form 15 that the Trust filed with the SEC, and which she attached as
Exhibit D to her Complaint. A review of the Form 15 shows that the Trust was not
dissolved or terminated. As exhibits attached to a complaint control over contrary
allegations in the pleadings, the Court must read Form 15 according to its terms, even if
that means drawing inferences against Walker. See Massey, 464 F.3d at 645.
Form 15 is an SEC form that serves two purposes. Neither of those purposes is the
termination of the entity filing the form. Form 15 is used to notify the SEC if (1) an entity
is going to terminate its registration with the SEC, or (2) an entity is going to suspend filing
of its required quarterly reports with the SEC because the entity’s securities no longer fall
under the SEC’s filing requirements. See 15 U.S.C. § 78o(d)(2)(A); 17 C.F.R. § 249.323. In
this case the Trust filed its Form 15 to notify the SEC that it intended to suspend the filing
of its quarterly reports. The Form 15 that is attached to Walker’s Complaint states that it
was filed under two SEC rules: Rule 15d‐6 and Rule 12h‐39b)(1)(i). Rule 15d‐6 relates to the
suspension of the duty to file reports pursuant to Title I of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. See 17 C.F.R. § 240.15d‐6. Rule 12h‐3(b)(1)(i) states that the duty to file quarterly
reports may be suspended if the subject securities are held by less than three‐hundred
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persons. See 17 C.F.R. § 240.12h‐3(b)(1)(i). Neither of these rules, nor any part of Form 15,
provide for the termination of the filing entity. Thus, the Form 15 attached to Walker’s
Complaint did not terminate the Trust; rather it simply provided notice to the SEC that the
Trust was suspending its reporting duties because less than three‐hundred persons held
securitized interests in the Trust. Indeed, the document attached to Walker’s Complaint
as Exhibit E describes the Trust’s Form 15 as a “Notice of Suspension of Duty to File
Reports.” Form 15 does not establish that the Trust was terminated, and Walker’s
allegations to the contrary are baseless and contradicted by the Exhibits attached to her
Complaint, which control over her contrary pleadings. See Massey, 464 F.3d at 645.
Walker alleges that Form 15 is entitled “Notice and Certification of Termination,”
thus evidencing that the Trust was terminated and dissolved. This is not the case. Because
the plain language of the Form 15 attached to Walker’s Complaint controls over her
allegations to the contrary, the Court rejects as true Walker’s assertion that the Trust was
terminated and dissolved. Walker has therefore failed to plausibly allege that the Trust
was terminated and dissolved. Furthermore, the February 28, 2012 letter sent by Wells
Fargo’s servicing unit, America’s Servicing Corporation, which is attached to Walker’s
Complaint as part of her Exhibit F, establishes that the Trust still exists and owns the Note.
Because the contents of an exhibit control over contrary allegations in the pleadings, see
Massey, 464 F.3d at 645, Exhibit F controls and establishes the ongoing existence of the Trust
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and the Trust’s continued ownership of the Note. This in turn establishes Wells Fargo’s
right to collect on the debt from Walker as the servicer of her loan.
In Walker’s response to the Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss she argues that the
question of the existence of the Trust is an issue of fact that can only be resolved through
discovery. But this argument ignores Walker’s failure to satisfy her threshold pleading
obligation to assert sufficient factual matter to state a plausible entitlement to relief. See
Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Walker is merely speculating that the Trust was terminated, both in
her Complaint and in her response to the Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss. The SEC Form
15 attached to the Complaint shows that there is no factual basis for the claim contained
in Walker’s pleadings that the Trust was terminated and dissolved. The speculation that
the Trust was terminated contained in Walker’s response is not adequate to meet her
pleading requirements. As a result, the Defendants should not be forced to incur the time
and expense of discovery based on Walker’s speculative and conclusory assertions which
do not give rise to a plausible entitlement to relief. See Brooks, 578 F.3d at 581.
Walker’s claims for violations of the FDCPA, the ICFA, and the DTPA, as well as her
claims for unjust enrichment and quiet title are all premised on the mistaken assertion that
the Trust was terminated and that therefore Wells Fargo had no right to collect mortgage
payments as the servicer of the loan. No other conduct is alleged that could plausibly give
rise to liability under any of the claims asserted in the Complaint. Walker acknowledges
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that, assuming the Trust exists, U.S. Bank is the Trustee and Wells Fargo is her loan
servicer. Because the Exhibits attached to the Complaint refute Walker’s allegation that the
Trust has been terminated and dissolved, the acts that allegedly form the basis for Counts
I through V, namely the collection and application of payments for Walker’s loan by Wells
Fargo, were lawfully taken by it as the servicer of the loans in the Trust. There are no other
allegations that can satisfy the pleading requirements for any of the five Counts asserted,
and the conclusion that the Trust did not terminate or dissolve scotches any claim
contained in Walker’s Complaint upon which relief can be granted.
In her response to the Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss Walker claims that the FDCPA
claim contained in Count I of her Complaint should not be dismissed because the Act
applies to mortgage loan servicers and because Wells Fargo fraudulently uses its status as
servicer of an allegedly dissolved Trust in order to unjustly profit to the detriment of
Walker and the true mortgagee. Walker argues that Wells Fargo pretends to enforce the
security interest of a Trust which no longer exists. She claims that such activity defrauds
not only herself, but also the true mortgagee and this Court. In addition to the fact that the
Court concludes based on the Exhibits attached to the Complaint that the Trust did not
dissolve or terminate, Walker’s claim under the FDCPA must be dismissed for the
additional reason that her Complaint does not contain sufficient allegations to establish that
the FDCPA applies in this case.
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The Act only applies to debt collectors, which includes persons or entities whose
principal business purpose is to collect the debts of others, or loan servicers that receive
servicing rights after a debt is in default. See 15 U.S.C. § 1692c(a); Obi v. Chase Home
Finance, LLC, No. 10 C 5747, 2011 WL 529481 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 8, 2011) (Kendall, J.) (dismissing
with prejudice plaintiff’s FDCPA claim against defendant loan servicer because the loan
was not in default when the defendant began servicing it and the FDCPA excludes loan
servicers of debts not in default at the time it was obtained); see, e.g., Cocroft v. HSBC Bank
USA, N.A., No. 10 C 3408, 2012 WL 1378645, *11 (N.D. Ill. July 19, 2004) (dismissing FDCPA
claim where plaintiff did not allege any facts demonstrating that the defendants were debt
collectors). Walker’s allegation that Wells Fargo acted as a debt collector under the FDCPA
is asserted in the most conclusory way possible. Her only allegation with respect to this
issue asserted in her Complaint is that “Wells Fargo acted as debt collector, not as a
creditor, under the FDCPA.” (Compl. ¶ 30). The Complaint therefore lacks any plausible
allegations that rise above a purely speculative level to establish that Wells Fargo was a
debt collector and this is therefore fatal to Walker’s claim pursuant to the FDCPA.
Furthermore, the district court decisions from other jurisdictions cited by Walker in
her response do not support her claim, but rather undermine it. In two of the three cases
cited in Walker’s response the courts dismissed the FDCPA claims pursuant to Rule
12(b)(6) because, as here, the plaintiffs in those cases failed to plead sufficient facts to state
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a plausible claim to relief. See Friend v. Fryberg, Buchanan, Smith & Frederick, P.A., No. 11‐
CV‐1584 PJS/LIB, 2012 WL 503796, *6‐*7 (D. Minn. Feb. 14, 2012) (plaintiff’s FDCPA claim
could not survive a motion to dismiss where the plaintiff set forth nothing more than
“naked assertions” that the defendant violated the FDCPA without alleging sufficient facts
as to how the Act was allegedly violated); Katz v. Aurora Loan Serv., LLC, No. 11‐cv‐1806‐
IEG (POR), 2012 WL 78399, *4‐*5 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 10, 2012) (where a plaintiff’s claims provide
no more than conclusions without any factual support they fail to state a claim under the
FDCPA). Furthermore, in both Katz and Williams v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., the third case
cited in response by Walker, the courts explicitly acknowledged that a mortgage servicer
is exempt from liability under the FDCPA where it obtained the servicing rights of the loan
before the loan was in default. See Katz, 2012 WL 78399 at *2; Williams v. Wells Fargo Bank,
N.A., No. C10‐5880BHS, 2012 WL 72727, *5 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 10, 2012). These cases are in
accord with those decided in this District; indeed by this Court. See Obi, 2011 WL 529481
at *5‐*6. In this case Walker alleges that Wells Fargo obtained the servicing rights for her
loan in 2005 and nowhere in the Complaint does she allege that her loan was in default at
that time. Nor does Walker allege that Wells Fargo’s principal business purpose is to
collect the debts of others. Walker’s Complaint therefore fails to state a plausible
entitlement to relief under the FDCPA and her claim in Count I is dismissed for this
additional reason.
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Walker’s claim to quiet title fails because she has not alleged that there is a cloud on
her title, and because she admits that there is a valid mortgage on the Subject Property for
which she owes a debt and therefore there is no cause in this case to remove the mortgage
from the title of the Subject Property. “A ‘cloud on title’ is the semblance of title, either
legal or equitable, appearing in some legal form but which is, in fact, unfounded or which
it would be inequitable to enforce.” Gambino v. Boulevard Mortg. Corp., 922 N.E.2d 380, 410
(Ill. App. Ct. 2010); see also El‐Bey v. Housing & Urban Development, et al., No. 11 C 7260, 2012
WL 1378680, *3‐*4 (N.D. Ill. April 20, 2012) (dismissing claim to quite title where there was
a valid mortgage on the property). A “cloud” on title is thus an unfounded legal or
equitable semblance of title to property. Walker does not carry her burden to plead
sufficient factual allegations establishing the Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank, and MERS have put
a cloud on her title to the Subject Property because she admits that the Mortgage correctly
secures a valid loan that was undisputably provided to her. See El‐Bey, 2012 WL 1378680
at *3‐*4. Walker admits that she executed the Mortgage and allowed it to be recorded on
the title of the Subject Property in order to secure repayment of a loan of approximately
$350,000.00. Walker does not allege that she has paid back the balance of the loan, nor does
she allege that she is prepared to do so. In her response, Walker admits that “it is not the
existence of the mortgage that Mrs. Walker disputes. She alleges she owes the debt. She
acknowledges and reaffirms it.” (Resp. at 4). Walker cannot state a claim to quite title
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seeking to remove a lien created by her Mortgage to secure a debt that she admits she owes.
See Id. Thus, Walker fails to state a claim to quiet title because she fails to allege any facts
that would establish that the Mortgage is “unfounded or. . .would be inequitable to
enforce.” Gambino, 922 N.E.2d at 410; accord El‐Bey, 2011 WL 1378680 at *3‐*4. Walker has
failed to plausibly allege that the Defendants are clouding her title. Therefore, there is no
cause here to remove the Mortgage from the title to Walker’s property. In response,
Walker argues that the Defendants should “welcome” an action to quiet title as an
opportunity to prove that they are in fact the appropriate parties to hold and service
Walker’s debt. This argument turns Walker’s requirement under the relevant federal
pleading standard on its head by forcing the Defendants to defend against a claim that does
not first meet the threshold plausibility requirement to state a claim to relief under Rule
8(a)(2). Thus, Walker’s claim to quiet title is dismissed.
IV. Conclusion
The Exhibits that Walker attached to her Complaint establish that, contrary to her
assertion of the opposite, Trust 2005‐10 was not terminated or dissolved when the Trust
filed its Form 15 with the SEC. This scotches Walker’s claims for relief, because each of her
claims rely on the unfounded premise that the Trust was terminated and that therefore
Wells Fargo had no right to collect on her debt as the servicer of her loan. Furthermore,
notwithstanding the fact that the Trust was not terminated, Walker’s claim under the Fair
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Debt Collection Practices Act additionally fails to state a plausible claim that Wells Fargo
was a debt collector, and in any event, a servicer of a loan can only be liable under the Act
where it attempts to collect a debt that is already in default, which Wells Fargo did not do
in the present case. Walker’s claim for quiet title does not plausibly allege that the
Defendants have created a cloud over the title of the Subject Property because Walker
admits that the Mortgage correctly secures a valid loan that was undisputably provided
to her, and she cannot state a claim to quite title seeking to remove a lien created by her
mortgage to secure a debt that she admits she owes. Therefore, there is no cause in this
case to remove the Mortgage from the title to Walker’s property. In addition, Walker failed
to timely file her response to the Defendants’ Motion on July 10, 2012, as required by an
order of this Court. Thus, Walker’s claims are dismissed for the additional reason that her
failure to file a timely response operates as a forfeiture, which is a valid and independent
basis for dismissal. See Lekas v. Brilley, 405 F.3d 602, 614‐615 (7th Cir. 2005) (where plaintiff
“did not present legal arguments or cite relevant authority to substantiate his claim in
responding to defendants’ motion to dismiss” his “claim has been waived”); Kirksey v. R.J.
Reynolds Tobacco Co., 168 F.3d 1039, 1042 (7th Cir. 1999) (Posner, J.) (“Our system of justice
is adversarial, and our judges are busy people. . .An unresponsive response is no response.
In effect the plaintiff was defaulted for refusing to respond to the motion to dismiss. And
rightly so. . .by failing to reply responsively to the motion to dismiss. . .[plaintiff] forfeited
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her right to continue litigating her claim.”). For all of the reasons set forth above, the
Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) is
granted and Walker’s Complaint is dismissed with prejudice.
________________________________________
Virginia M. Kendall
United States District Court Judge
Northern District of Illinois
Date: September 5, 2012
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