Thompson v. Board Of Education City Of Chicago et al
Filing
208
AMENDED MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order Signed by the Honorable John Z. Lee on 3/22/18.Mailed notice(ca, ).
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
MARK THOMPSON,
)
)
Plaintiff,
)
)
v.
)
)
BOARD OF EDUCATION CITY OF
)
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF
)
EDUCATION, NORTHSHORE UNIVERSITY )
HEALTHSYSTEM, HAROLD ARDELL,
)
LINDA BROWN, FORREST CLAYPOOL,
)
JANE DOE, JANE DOE’S MOTHER,
)
REGINALD EVANS, THOMAS KRIEGER,
)
DAN NIELSEN, JAMES SULLIVAN,
)
CLAUDIA P. WELKE, and ALICIA
)
WINCKLER,
)
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Defendants.
)
No. 14 C 6340
Judge John Z. Lee
AMENDED MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
While a teacher for the Chicago Public Schools (“CPS”), Mark Thompson was the
subject of number suspensions and transfers. He eventually was terminated on August 13, 2002.
Since that time, Thompson has brought no less than seven lawsuits in state and federal court
challenging these actions. Defendants have moved to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint
based, in large part, on res judicata and absolute immunity. As explained below, the Court
grants the motions [104][108][109][139] and dismisses the case.
I. Factual & Procedural Background
A.
Parties
Plaintiff Thompson is an African-American teacher who worked for the CPS from 2001
to 2003 and from 2005 to 2013. CPS is governed by the Defendant Board of Education of the
City of Chicago (“Board”),. 2d Am. Compl. ¶ 6, ECF No. 99.
At all times relevant to the complaint, Defendant James Sullivan was the Board’s
Inspector General, id. ¶ 18, Defendant Linda Brown was the Board’s Director of Investigations,
id. ¶ 9, and Defendant Thomas Krieger was the Board’s Director of Office of Employee
Relations, id. ¶ 16. Defendant Forrest Claypool was CPS’s CEO, id. ¶ 12, and Defendant Harold
Ardell was CPS’s law department investigator. Finally, Defendant Alicia Winckler was CPS’s
Chief Talent Officer, and Defendant Reginald Evans worked for CPS as the principal of Harlan
High School. Id. ¶ 13.
Defendant Illinois State Board of Education (“ISBE”) enforces state education
regulations. Id. ¶ 8. Defendant Dan Nielsen was employed by ISBE as the hearing officer that
presided over Thompson’s dismissal hearing. Id. ¶ 17.
In addition to teaching for the CPS, Thompson provided private athletic training to
Defendant Jane Doe. Id. ¶ 15. Doe and her mother, who is also a defendant, lived outside of
Cook County, and Jane did not attend a CPS school. Id. ¶¶ 14–15. Jane Doe received mental
health treatment from Defendant Dr. Claudia P. Welke, a psychiatrist, through Defendant
Northshore University Health System (“NUHS”). Id. ¶¶ 9, 19.
B.
Thompson’s Lawsuit that Forms the Basis for his Title VII Retaliation Claim
On December 20, 2010, Thompson filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court of Cook County,
2010 L 014372. Id. ¶ 33. That lawsuit, which was eventually removed to federal court and
2
heard by Judge Ronald A. Guzmán, case no. 11 C 1712, was brought against the Board, Keith
Brookshire, Deborah Edwards-Clay, and Reginald Evans, claiming gender and race
discrimination and retaliation under Title VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981. Thompson also asserted a
violation of the Illinois Whistleblower Act, 740 Ill. Comp. Stat. 174 et seq., breach of contract,
tortious interference with contract, negligent supervision, libel per se, intentional infliction of
emotional distress, and civil conspiracy. Case No. 11 C 1712, 5th Am. Compl., ECF No. 178.
The subject matters of the lawsuit were Thompson’s suspension and termination from
various coaching positions and physical education teaching positions as well as his transfer to a
history teacher position, all of which occurred in 2010 while he worked at Harlan High School.
Id. Thompson had not yet been fired when he filed the complaint.
Judge Guzmán entered summary judgment in favor of the defendants on most of the
claims, but he permitted Thompson to proceed on his claim that he had been suspended in
retaliation for filing certain EEOC complaints. See Thompson v. Bd. of Educ. of City of Chi, No.
11 C 1712, 2014 WL 1322958, at *9 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 2, 2014). Thompson and the defendants
settled the case in January 2015.
C.
The End of Thompson’s Tenure with CPS
Thompson provided private athletic training to Jane Doe for several months. 2d Am.
Compl. ¶ 15. Doe told local authorities that Thompson had stalked her, but the Board declined
to investigate the claim in May 2010. Id. ¶ 32. Doe also told her psychiatrist, Dr. Welke, in
April 2011, that Thompson had raped her when she was 17. Id. ¶ 19. Dr. Welke, in turn,
reported Doe’s account to Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (“DCFS”). Id. ¶
35.
3
Thompson claims that the Board solicited Doe, through her mother, to falsely accuse him
of rape in retaliation for his prior suit against the Board and its employees. Id. ¶ 34. Thompson
also alleges that Doe, her mother, and the Board conspired to have his employment terminated.
Id. ¶ 39.
As part of the investigation into Doe’s complaint, in August 2011, unbeknownst to
Thompson, the Board subpoenaed and obtained Thompson’s confidential AOL email records
from January 2009 to December 2010.
Id. ¶ 41.
Thompson also alleges that the Board
obstructed justice and prevented him from learning about Doe’s allegations against him until
January 24, 2012. Id. ¶ 36. According to Thompson, the Board then interviewed Thompson and
obtained his training schedule so that Doe and her mother could use it to file a false police report
in February 2012. Id. ¶ 45. 1
On May 21, 2012, Defendant Evans gave Thompson an “unsatisfactory” evaluation. Id.
¶ 51. The Board removed him from the classroom in June 2012. Id. ¶ 52. Thompson alleges the
“unsatisfactory” evaluation was concocted by the Board as a pretext to terminate his employment
in order to conceal the Board’s retaliatory motive. Id. ¶ 53. According to Thompson, the Board
allowed him to continue teaching students while it was investigating Doe’s accusations because
the Board knew the accusations were false. Id.
Based on the investigation into Doe’s claims, the Board suspended Thompson without
pay on September 13, 2012, pending the ISBE dismissal hearing. Id. ¶ 52. The Board refused to
turn over any related investigatory records to Thompson. Id. ¶ 58. In response to court orders,
the Board turned over investigatory files on February 25, 2013, but, according to Thompson, the
1
Thompson asserts that Doe eventually told police officers that her mother made her file the police
report and that she never intended to follow through with the charges. Id. ¶ 49. Thompson was never
charged criminally. Id. ¶ 50.
4
files it provided were incomplete, fabricated, and altered. Id. ¶ 60. Thompson asserts that the
Board relied on these files to terminate his employment on August 16, 2013, and during the
ISBE hearing on December 9, 2013. Id. ¶¶ 68–70; see Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex F, Opinion ¶ 11.
D.
Additional Lawsuits
Prior to filing the instant lawsuit, Thompson also sued the Board, its employees, Jane
Doe, Jane Doe’s mother, and others in the Circuit Court of Lake County (“case no. 13 L 879”). 2
Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. That case, filed in November 2013, asserted
twelve state-law tort and statutory claims related to the Doe investigation, including claims that
the Board and CPS employees had subjected him to negligent infliction of emotional distress,
and that the Board, Doe, and her mother had conspired (1) to conceal Doe’s allegations from
him; (2) to fabricate, alter, and destroy evidence; (3) to illegally obtain his confidential
communications; and (4) to terminate Thompson’s employment.
The circuit court denied
Thompson’s motion to add a Title VII claim, in part, because it found that Thompson had waited
too long to add the claim causing undue prejudice to the defendants. See Pl.’s Mem. Supp., Ex.
F, 8/26/14 Order in case no. 13 L 879.
The defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the state court granted in August 2014.
See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. C, Opinion. And Thompson filed a timely appeal in state court.
On appeal, the Illinois appellate court affirmed the judgment in all respects and, in
particular, affirmed the denial of the motion to add the Title VII claim. See id. Thompson
petitioned for leave to appeal to the Illinois Supreme Court, which was denied, see id., Ex. D,
PLA denial, Thompson v. Bd. of Educ. Twp. High Sch. Dist. 113, No. 120789, 60 N.E.3d 883 (Ill.
2016).
2
In that case, Thompson sued, among others, the Board of Education of the City of Chicago,
Harold Ardell, Linda Brown, Reginald Evans, Jane Doe, Jane Doe’s mother, and James Sullivan—all of
whom are also named in this lawsuit. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl.
5
Shortly thereafter, on December 2, 2013, Thompson filed a three-count declaratory
judgment action (“case no 13 CH 26625”) in the Circuit Court of Cook County against Jane Doe,
NUHS (the custodian of Jane Doe’s mental health records), Dr. Welke, and Stephanie Locascio
(Doe’s therapist). Welke & NUHS’s Mem. Supp. Ex. A, 13 CH 26625 Compl. Thompson
alleged that Dr. Welke improperly reported Jane Doe’s false claim of rape to DCFS, which led to
an investigation and his eventual termination. Id. ¶ 56. He once again claimed that CPS and
Board employees concealed Doe’s allegations from him. Id. ¶¶ 57–60. In addition, Thompson
sought a declaration that any privacy in Doe’s records had been waived and requested that the
court compel the defendants to turn over the records. Id. ¶¶ 100(e), 107(e), 115(e).
The defendants filed a motion to dismiss, and it was granted. See id., Ex. 2, Opinion.
Thompson appealed, and the Illinois appellate court affirmed the judgment. See Board’s Mem.
Supp., Ex. G, Opinion ¶ 67. The Illinois Supreme Court denied his petition for leave to appeal.
See Thompson v. N.J., No. 120993, 60 N.E.3d 883 (Ill. 2016).
Lastly, Thompson sued the Board and Barbara Byrd-Bennett, then-CEO of CPS, in the
Circuit Court of Cook County on September 29, 2014 (“case no. 14 CH 15697”). Id., Ex. E, 14
CH 15697 Compl. In it, Thompson requested a declaration that the ISBE lacked jurisdiction to
adjudicate his dismissal and sought to enjoin the hearing. See id. ¶ 16. The circuit court
dismissed the complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies and for failure to state a
claim. See id., Ex F, Opinion ¶ 19. The appellate court affirmed, holding that the dismissal
hearing was within the jurisdiction of the ISBE and that Thompson had failed to exhaust his
administrative remedies. Id. Thompson’s petition for leave to appeal to the Illinois Supreme
Court was denied. See Thompson v. Bd. of Educ. of City of Chi., No. 121051, 60 N.E.3d 883 (Ill.
2016).
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E.
The Instant Lawsuit
While all of the above cases were still pending at the trial or appellate level in state court,
Thompson filed three separate lawsuits that were consolidated into this single case. 3
The
consolidated complaint alleged: retaliatory discharge under Title VII based upon Thompson’s
filing of the earlier Title VII lawsuit (Count I); a violation of his due process rights (Count II); a
violation of his fourth amendment rights (Count III); violations of the Stored Communications
Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2703 (Counts IV and V); negligent infliction of emotional distress (Count VI);
negligent supervision (Count VII); violation of the Illinois Personnel Records Review Act
(IPRRA) (Count VIII); conspiracy to deny Thompson access to the courts and to obstruct justice
(Counts IX and X); a violation of his equal protection rights based upon the alleged concealment
of evidence during the Doe investigation (Count XI); and a violation of his due process rights on
based on the fabrication of evidence (Count XII).
The Board and its employees moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint. See ECF No.
32. The Court granted the motion in part and denied it in part. ECF No. 56. The Court granted
the motion as to Counts VII, IX, and X, which were dismissed with prejudice, and as to Counts
VI, VIII (under IPRRA § 13), XI, and XII, 4 which were dismissed without prejudice. Id. The
3
The instant case, case no. 14 C 6340, was filed on August 18, 2014. As for the two cases that
have been consolidated with this case: (1) case no. 14 C 7575 (asserting claims against the Board) was
removed to federal court on September 29, 2014, but the complaint was originally filed in state court on
August 26, 2014; and (2) case no. 14 C 6838 (asserting claims against the Board, Harold Ardell, Linda
Brown, James Sullivan, and Alicia Winckler) was filed on September 4, 2014. Because all three of these
cases were filed before the state court proceedings concluded in case nos. 13 L 879, 13 CH 26625, and 14
CH 15697, the Court has subject jurisdiction. See Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544
U.S. 280, 292 (2005) (“When there is parallel state and federal litigation, Rooker–Feldman is not
triggered simply by the entry of judgment in state court. This Court has repeatedly held that the pendency
of an action in the state court is no bar to proceedings concerning the same matter in the Federal court
having jurisdiction.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
4
In response to the motion to dismiss, Thompson withdrew Count XII of the First Amended
Complaint. See Mem. Op. & Order at 24, ECF No. 56.
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Court denied the motion as to Counts I through V, and the remainder of Count VIII (under
IPRRA § 2). Id.
Thompson moved for leave to file a second amended complaint. ECF No. 93. The Court
granted Thompson leave to file Counts I through VI, VIII through XIV, and XIX through XXIII.
Id. The Court denied him leave to file Counts VII, and XV through XVIII. Id. Thompson has
indicated that Counts VII and XV through XVIII are no longer at issue before this Court. Pl.’s
Resp. Br. at 6, ECF No. 118.
II. Legal Standard
A motion under Rule 12(b)(6) challenges the sufficiency of the plaintiff’s complaint.
Christensen v. Cty. of Boone, 483 F.3d 454, 457 (7th Cir. 2007). The federal notice pleading
standard requires a complaint to “contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a
claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)
(quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2009)). A complaint must provide only
“enough detail to give the defendant fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which
it rests, and, through his allegations, show that it is plausible, rather than merely speculative, that
he is entitled to relief.” Tamayo v. Blagojevich, 526 F.3d 1074, 1083 (7th Cir. 2008) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
In evaluating a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, all well-pleaded allegations in the complaint are
accepted as true, and courts must draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor. Cole v.
Milwaukee Area Tech. Coll. Dist., 634 F.3d 901, 903 (7th Cir. 2011); Justice v. Town of Cicero,
577 F.3d 768, 771 (7th Cir. 2009). In a motion to dismiss, a complaint’s factual allegations may
be supplemented by “documents that are attached to the complaint,” as well as “documents that
are central to the complaint and are referred to in it.” Williamson v. Curran, 714 F.3d 432, 436
8
(7th Cir. 2013); Geinosky v. City of Chi., 675 F.3d 743, 745 n.1 (7th Cir. 2012); see Fed. R. Civ.
P. 10(c).
III. Analysis
Defendants move to dismiss Counts I through VI, VIII through XIV, and XIX through
XXIII of the Second Amended Complaint on multiple grounds. Principally, Defendants argue
that the claims are barred by res judicata or absolute immunity.
A.
Res Judicata
Preclusion is not one of the grounds for dismissal listed in Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure Rule 12(b), and normally a preclusion defense must be raised in the answer to a
complaint. Muhammad v. Oliver, 547 F.3d 874, 878 (7th Cir. 2008). One exception is if the
complaint on its face discloses that the claims are precluded. Id. Another is if the error of
raising the preclusion defense before answering “is of no consequence” because a court has
before it everything “needed in order to be able to rule on the defense.” Carr v. Tillery, 591 F.3d
909, 913 (7th Cir. 2010). A court may take judicial notice of matters in the public record,
including pleadings and orders in previous cases, without converting a Rule 12(b)(6) motion into
a motion for summary judgment. See Henson v. CSC Credit Servs., 29 F.3d 280, 284 (7th Cir.
1994) (district court properly considered public court documents from prior state court litigation
in deciding defendants’ motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim).
Whether a state-court judgment precludes claims in a subsequent federal case depends on
the preclusion rules of the particular state. 28 U.S.C. § 1738; Rogers v. Desiderio, 58 F.3d 299,
301 (7th Cir. 1995). In Illinois, the “doctrine of res judicata [claim preclusion] provides that a
final judgment on the merits rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction bars any subsequent
actions between the same parties or their privies on the same cause of action.” Hudson v. City of
9
Chi., 889 N.E.2d 210, 213 (Ill. 2008). The doctrine “bars not only what was actually decided in
the first action but also whatever could have been decided.” Id.
Generally speaking, “[m]ultiple lawsuits in separate forums, as well as requiring more
than one court to analyze and digest the facts of a case, all have the effect of harassing
defendants and wasting judicial manpower—the precise dangers the doctrine intends to prevent.”
Shaver v. F.W. Woolworth Co., 840 F.2d 1361, 1366 n.2 (7th Cir. 1988). The main thrust of
“claim preclusion is to force a plaintiff to explore all the facts, develop all the theories, and
demand all the remedies in the first suit.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
Defendants raised the issue of res judicata in their previously filed motion to dismiss.
The Court denied the motion due to the pending appeal in case no. 13 L 879, and its concern that
this circuit has not yet determined whether a pending appeal suspends the effect of claim
preclusion. Mem. Op. & Order at 5 (quoting Rogers, 58 F.3d at 302 (“To be blunt, we have no
idea what the law of Illinois is on the question whether a pending appeal destroys the claim
preclusive effect of a judgment.”)).
After the Court ruled on the motion to dismiss, however, the Illinois appellate court
affirmed the dismissal of all three of Thompson’s state court complaints in case nos. 13 L 879,
13 CH 26625, and 14 CH 15697, and the Illinois Supreme Court denied Thompson’s petitions
for leave to appeal in all three cases. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Exs. C, D, F, G; see also 60
N.E.3d 883, Nos. 120789, 120993, 121051 (Sept. 28, 2016). Thus, the Court’s earlier concern
has been allayed, because there has been a final judgment on the merits in each of Thompson’s
state court cases.
10
In the present lawsuit, Thompson has sued the very same parties or their privies that he
sued in the state court actions. 5 The Board, Harold Ardell, Linda Brown, Reginald Evans, James
Sullivan, NUHS, Welke, Doe, and Doe’s mother were all sued in the state court cases. The
remaining Defendants (save Nielsen)—Claypool, Krieger, and Winckler—are all sued in their
capacities as Board employees and, therefore, are privies of the Board. See Greer v. Horton, No.
00 C 6695, 2002 WL 31121094, at *2 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 25, 2002), aff’d sub nom. Greer v. Cty. of
Cook, 54 F. App’x 232 (7th Cir. 2002).
What is more, Thompson’s claims in the Second Amended Complaint and his state-court
lawsuits emerge from the same core of operative facts. For example, he alleges in the present
case (and had alleged in the state court cases) that the Board, its employees, Doe, and Doe’s
mother conspired to have his employment terminated based on false allegations. Compare 2d
Am. Compl. ¶¶ 34, 61, 71, 171, 186, 189, 343, 362, with Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879
Compl. ¶¶ 102, 104, 138, 169–179. Thompson also asserts that he had a pending federal lawsuit,
case no. 11 C 1712, and that the termination of his employment and related proceedings
constituted retaliation and harassment for filing that lawsuit. Compare 2d Am. Compl. ¶¶ 33–34,
5
Again, in sum, in case no. 13 L 879, Thompson sued, among others, Jane Doe, Jane Doe’s
mother, the Board, and Board employees Harold Ardell, Linda Brown, Reginald Evans, and James
Sullivan, regarding their alleged conduct related to his suspension, the termination of his employment,
and the ISBE dismissal hearings, including the hearing addressing the denial of back pay. See Board’s
Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. In case no. 13 CH 26625, Thompson sued Doe, NUHS, Welke, and
Locascio for declaratory and injunctive relief, alleging he had been terminated and had been wrongfully
deprived of Doe’s medical records in relation to the dismissal hearings. NUHS & Welke’s Mem. Supp.,
Ex. A, Compl. In case no. 14 CH 15697, Thompson sued the Board and Barbara Byrd-Bennett, thenCEO of CPS, based on his federal lawsuit, case no. 11 C 1712, his suspension without pay, the retaliatory
dismissal and denial of back pay hearing, CPS’s ignoring all exculpatory evidence, illegally subpoenaed
AOL email accounts, and failure to turn over investigatory files. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. E, 14 CH
15697 Compl.
Thompson has also sued ISBE Hearing Officer Dan Nielsen in Count XIV, who has not asserted
the res judicata defense. See Nielsen’s Mem. Supp., ECF No. 139.
11
84, 242, with Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. ¶¶ 87, 249, and id., Ex. E, 14 CH
15697 Compl. ¶¶ 1, 13. Furthermore, he claims that the Board, its employees, and agents
concealed Doe’s allegations from him by intercepting his mail and otherwise withheld, altered,
falsified, or manipulated evidence against him in order to justify his dismissal. Compare 2d Am.
Compl. ¶¶ 60, 310–313, with Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. ¶¶ 71–75, 143–149.
He argues that the Board wrongfully obtained privileged communications via subpoena.
Compare 2d Am. Compl. ¶¶ 108, 111, with Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. ¶¶ 93–
101.
He asserts that the dismissal hearing related to back pay was retaliatory and lacked
authority because he had already been discharged. Compare 2d Am. Compl. ¶ 266, with Board’s
Mem. Supp., Ex. E, 14 CH 15697 Compl. ¶¶ 20–22. He avers that Doe and her mother provided
false testimony during the investigation and at his dismissal hearings. Compare 2d Am. Compl.
¶¶ 72, 74, 76, with Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. B, 13 L 879 Compl. ¶¶ 157, 159, 162. And he
alleges that Doe waived her right to privacy with regard to her mental health records, and,
therefore, he should have been able to use the records to cross-examine her. Compare 2d Am.
Compl. ¶¶ 39, 367(a)–(d), with NUHS & Welke’s Mem. Supp., Ex. 1, 13 CH 26625 Compl. ¶¶
100(a)–(e), 107(a)–(e), 115(a)–(e). In sum, the claims asserted here and in the state court
lawsuits derive from the same nucleus of operative fact: the purportedly improper conduct of the
Defendants relating to Thompson’s suspension, the investigation into Doe’s allegations, the
ISBE proceedings, and his eventual dismissal.
Thompson’s reliance on new legal theories cannot save his claims from being precluded.
See Carr, 591 F.3d at 913–14 (“You cannot maintain a suit, arising from the same transaction or
events underlying a previous suit, simply by a change of legal theory. That is called ‘claim
splitting,’ and is barred by the doctrine of res judicata.”). And, although many of Thompson’s
12
current claims rely on federal law rather than state law, that too is unavailing, because Illinois
courts have jurisdiction to adjudicate federal claims, and Thompson undoubtedly could have
brought his current claims in state court. See Dookeran v. Cty. of Cook, 719 F.3d 570, 576–77
(7th Cir. 2013) (State courts are “presumptively competent to adjudicate claims arising under the
laws of the United States.”) (internal quotation marks omitted); Hondo, Inc. v. Sterling, 21 F.3d
775, 779 (7th Cir. 1994) (“[S]tate courts have concurrent jurisdiction to enforce rights created by
a federal statute.”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Thompson offers several reasons for why this claims are not barred by res judicata. As
an initial matter, Thompson asserts that, if the Court were to bar his Title VII claims, it would be,
in effect, giving a preclusive effect to unreviewed state administrative proceedings. Not so. By
applying res judicata in this case, the Court gives preclusive effect to the state court judgments in
case nos. 13 L 879, 13 CH 26625, and 14 CH 15697. See Parsons Steel, Inc. v. First Ala. Bank,
474 U.S. 518, 523 (1986) (“[A] federal court must give the same preclusive effect to a state-court
judgment as another court of that State would give.”).
Next, and relatedly, Thompson argues that the Court cannot give preclusive effect to a
state administrative proceeding (the back pay hearing) that was conducted without authority.
This argument falters for the same reason provided above. Although Thompson alleges that the
ISBE lacked authority to conduct the back pay hearing, the circuit courts in which he filed case
nos. 13 L 879, 13 CH 26625, and 14 CH 15697 did not lack authority to adjudicate his claims,
and it is those judgments that preclude Thompson from asserting his claims here. 6
6
It should be noted that the Illinois state courts have recognized that the ISBE properly exercised
jurisdiction over Thompson’s back pay hearing. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. E, 14 CH 15697 Compl.;
id., Ex F, Opinion ¶ 19 (affirming dismissal of the claim with prejudice); Thompson v. Bd. of Educ. of
City of Chi., No. 121051, 60 N.E.3d 883 (Ill. Sept. 28, 2016).
13
Finally, Thompson contends that certain exceptions to the res judicata doctrine apply
here. The Illinois Supreme Court has recognized exceptions to res judicata where:
(1) the parties have agreed in terms or in effect that plaintiff may
split his claim or the defendant has acquiesced therein; (2) the
court in the first action expressly reserved the plaintiff’s right to
maintain the second action; (3) the plaintiff was unable to obtain
relief on his claim because of a restriction on the subject-matter
jurisdiction of the court in the first action; (4) the judgment in the
first action was plainly inconsistent with the equitable
implementation of a statutory scheme; (5) the case involves a
continuing or recurrent wrong; or (6) it is clearly and convincingly
shown that the policies favoring preclusion of a second action are
overcome for an extraordinary reason.
Rein v. David A. Noyes & Co., 665 N.E.2d 1199, 1207 (Ill. 1996). According to Thompson, five
of these exceptions apply.
As to the first exception, Thompson does not argue that there was a claim-splitting
agreement, explicit or otherwise. Rather, he leans heavily on acquiescence, but acquiescence
would arise only if Defendants in this case neglected to object to the current lawsuit on res
judicata grounds. See Dinerstein v. Evanston Athl. Clubs, Inc., 64 N.E.3d 1132, 1144–49 (Ill.
App. Ct. 2016). Clearly, they have not.
The second exception is also inapplicable. “The express reservation exception applies
only to those portions of the prior complaint that had not reached final judgment and the plaintiff
voluntarily dismissed.” Venturella v. Dreyfuss, 84 N.E.3d 386, 394–95 (Ill. App. Ct. 2017).
“[I]n order for a circuit court to expressly reserve a claim . . . , the reservation must be clearly
and unmistakably communicated or directly stated.” Id. at 395.
Venturella involved a case where a previous court had denied a motion to add a claim in
a prior lawsuit and had not expressly reserved the claim for future litigation in a docket entry or
written order. The court in a subsequent lawsuit held, and the appellate court affirmed, that res
14
judicata barred the claim and the express reservation exception was inapplicable. Id. Likewise,
here, the circuit court in case no. 13 L 879 denied Thompson’s motion for leave to add his Title
VII claim and did not expressly state that it reserved the claim for future litigation. Rather, the
circuit court denied the motion to add the Title VII claim as inexcusably untimely, see Pl.’s
Mem. Supp., Ex. F, 8/26/14 Order, and the appellate court affirmed the denial, see Board’s Mem.
Supp., Ex. C, Opinion ¶¶ 74–79. Accordingly, the express reservation exception does not apply.
Thompson fares no better with regard to the third exception. He asserts that he was
unable to obtain relief with regard to certain of his claims because of a restriction on the subject
matter jurisdiction of the circuit court in Lake County. He contends that the Lake County court
lacked jurisdiction to issue injunctive relief as to the Board and lacked jurisdiction to adjudicate
his Personnel Record Review Act claims, because the Board and his personnel records are
located in Cook County. Regardless of whether either of these propositions has any merit, the
Court finds this exception inapplicable because Thompson also had sued the Board for injunctive
relief in Cook County, case no. 14 CH 15697, and he could have asserted his claims in that case
since there had not yet been a final judgment on the merits in any of his cases at the time of its
filing.
Next, Thompson contends that the fifth exception applies because the case involves a
continuing or recurrent wrong. The Department of Labor concluded its administration and
enforcement action under the IPPRA with regard to Thompson’s request for personnel records
on August 7, 2013, and there is no indication that Thompson had made any additional requests.
2d Am. Compl., Ex. A, 8/7/13 Notice. Thompson’s employment was terminated on August 16,
2013, and the last hearing related to his dismissal occurred on December 9, 2013. To the extent
that Thompson still feels the impact of Defendants’ conduct related to the Doe investigation, the
15
hearings, and the termination of his employment, the “lingering effect of an earlier, distinct”
wrong does not make a violation continuing. See Pitts v. City of Kankakee, 267 F.3d 592, 595
(7th Cir. 2001). Because Thompson has not alleged a continuing or recurring wrong, the claims
asserted in the Second Amended Complaint do not fall within this exception.
Lastly, with regard to the sixth exception, Thompson argues that he has clearly and
convincingly shown that the policies favoring preclusion of a second action are overcome for an
extraordinary reason. Thompson dedicates three sentences of his brief to this argument and fails
to cite any law in support. See Pl.’s Resp. Br. at 12. Not only is his argument (such as it is)
unpersuasive, but this argument is deemed waived. See Mahaffey v. Ramos, 588 F.3d 1142,
1146 (7th Cir. 2009) (citations omitted) (“Perfunctory, undeveloped arguments without
discussion or citation to pertinent legal authority are waived.”).
Having determined that the asserted exceptions to res judicata are inapplicable, the Court
holds that the doctrine of res judicata bars Counts I through VI, Counts VIII through XIV, and
Counts XIX through XXIII against the Board, NUHS, Harold Ardell, Linda Brown, Forrest
Claypool, Jane Doe, Jane Doe’s mother, Reginald Evans, Thomas Krieger, James Sullivan,
Claudia Welke, and Alicia Winckler. 7 Because the Court previously denied Thompson leave to
file Count VII and Counts XV through XVIII, no claims remain as to these Defendants or the
ISBE. See 3/23/17 Order, ECF No. 98.
B.
Absolute Immunity
The only Defendant who has not asserted a res judicata defense is Nielsen, the ISBE
Hearing Officer who presided over Thompson’s ISBE dismissal hearing on December 9, 2013.
See 2d Am. Compl. ¶ 265. Instead, Nielsen contends that he is absolutely immune from liability
7
Because the Court holds that res judicata bars these claims, it need not reach Defendants’
additional arguments that the claims are also barred by Plaintiff’s failure to exhaust his administrative
remedies as well as Plaintiff’s release in a prior settlement agreement.
16
with regard to Thompson’s procedural due process claim faulting him for convening and
presiding over the hearing. Id.
“Absolute judicial immunity shields judicial and quasi-judicial actors from liability for
civil damages arising out of the performance of their judicial functions.” Killinger v. Johnson,
389 F.3d 765, 770 (7th Cir. 2004). “Protection hinges not on the defendant’s job title, but on the
nature of the function he performed.” Archer v. Chisholm, 870 F.3d 603, 613 (7th Cir. 2017).
Here, Thompson alleges that, as the hearing officer, Nielsen convened and presided over
the December 9 hearing. 2d Am. Compl. ¶ 265. Thompson also states that, during the hearing,
Nielsen exercised his discretion as an evidentiary gatekeeper and controlled the conduct of the
attorneys. Id. ¶ 237. There is sufficient information in the Second Amended Complaint to
conclude that Nielsen performed a judicial function at the hearing.
That does not end the matter, however. A judge loses absolute immunity if he “act[s] in
the clear absence of all jurisdiction.”
(quotation omitted).
Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349, 356–57 (1978)
Jurisdiction of an administrative agency to conduct proceedings is
conferred by statute. Alvarado v. Indus. Comm’n, 837 N.E.2d 909, 914 (Ill. 2005). The Illinois
legislature has granted ISBE the authority and jurisdiction to hold hearings related to the removal
of a permanently appointed teacher from his or her employment for cause. 105 Ill. Comp. Stat.
5/34-85.
Thompson alleges that he was suspended without pay and, according to him, the
governing contract between the CPS and the Chicago Teachers Union prohibited suspending a
tenured teacher without pay prior to a dismissal hearing. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. E, 14 CH
15697 Compl. ¶ 16; 2d Am. Compl. ¶ 152. Holding additional dismissal hearings in order to
determine whether Thompson was entitled to back pay during the period between his suspension
17
and a dismissal hearing is a matter that falls within the ISBE’s jurisdiction. See Newkirk v.
Bigard, 485 N.E.2d 321, 324 (Ill. 1985) (holding that the mining board had jurisdiction as long
as the matter fell within the general class of cases within its province). This is consistent with
the Illinois appellate court’s conclusion that the ISBE had jurisdiction to convene Thompson’s
dismissal hearing in order to determine back pay. See Board’s Mem. Supp., Ex. F, Opinion ¶ 15.
The Court concludes that Nielsen fulfilled the role of a judge at the December 9, 2013,
hearing and that the ISBE had jurisdiction to hold the hearing. Accordingly, the Court grants
Nielsen’s motion to dismiss on the basis of absolute immunity with regard to Count XIV, the
only claim against him.
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above, the Court grants Defendants’ motion to dismiss [104,
108, 109, 139], and the Second Amended Complaint is dismissed with prejudice as to all
Defendants. This case is hereby terminated. This is a final and appealable order.
IT IS SO ORDERED
ENTER: 3/22/18
__________________________________________
JOHN Z. LEE
United States District Judge
18
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