Rembert v. Calloway

Filing 23

MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order Signed by the Honorable Amy J. St. Eve on 2/27/2017:Mailed notice(kef, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
CHARLES REMBERT, (#B79837),
Petitioner,
v.
VICTOR CALLOWAY, Acting Warden
Danville Correctional Center,
Respondent.

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Case No. 16 C 4049

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
AMY J. ST. EVE, District Court Judge:
Before the Court is pro se Petitioner Charles Rembert’s petition for a writ of habeas
corpus brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1). For the following reasons, the Court denies
Petitioner’s habeas petition and declines to certify any issues for appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
2253(c)(2).
BACKGROUND
When considering habeas petitions, federal courts must presume the factual findings
made by the last state court to decide the case on the merits are correct unless the habeas
petitioner rebuts those findings by clear and convincing evidence. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(e)(1);
Miller v. Zatecky, 820 F.3d 275, 280 (7th Cir. 2016). Because Petitioner has not provided clear
and convincing evidence to rebut this presumption, the following factual background is based on
the Illinois Appellate Court’s findings in People v. Rembert, No. 1-13-1220, 2015 WL 1441879
(Ill. App. Ct. Mar. 27, 2015), appeal denied, 39 N.E.3d 1009 (Ill. 2015), and cert. denied sub
nom. Rembert v. Illinois, 136 S. Ct. 831 (2016).

I.

Factual Background
Petitioner was charged with burglary in connection with an August 17, 2011 incident that

occurred at J.B. Metals, a metal scrapping and recycling company located at 2910 West Carroll
Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. At Petitioner’s jury trial, Gene Eydelman, a security manager at
J.B. Metals, testified that the company has a 24–hour surveillance system with 12 cameras that
stamp the date and time of the video recordings. When Eydelman arrived at work on the
morning of August 17, 2011, several employees told him that someone had used a sledgehammer
to create a hole in the building and had stolen some copper pipes. Thereafter, Eydelman called
the police and then viewed the security footage. Eydelman testified that while viewing the
surveillance video, he observed two men enter the building and walk back and forth through a
hole in the wall. He also testified that the two men were carrying bags. Further, Eydelman
stated that he saw video of a Dodge Intrepid with a broken rear window parked outside the
building and identified Petitioner as one of the men on the video who had been inside the
building. He also testified that about 300 to 400 pounds of copper pipe, worth approximately
$1,000, had been removed from J.B. Metals.
Jacob Eydelman, the owner of J.B. Metals, testified at Petitioner’s trial stating that when
he arrived at work on August 17, 2011, he noticed a hole in the side of the building. He also
viewed the security footage and identified Petitioner as one of the men shown in the video using
a sledgehammer to break a hole into the side of the building. Ricky Davis, a J.B. Metals’
employee, also testified at Petitioner’s trial stating that when he viewed the security footage from
August 17, 2011, he recognized Petitioner as someone who had visited the company a few days
before the burglary. Davis further testified that when he had seen Petitioner, Petitioner was

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driving a two-tone green and white Dodge Intrepid with a broken rear window, which was the
same vehicle shown in the security video. Moreover, Davis testified that on the afternoon of
August 25, 2011, Petitioner drove into the lot of J.B. Metals in the two-tone Dodge Intrepid with
a newly repaired rear windshield, at which time Davis recognized Petitioner as the man he had
seen on the security footage. Once recognized, Petitioner fled the parking lot on foot and Davis
chased him onto the street where he saw two police officers, Chicago Police Officers Carrilo and
Challis. Officers Carrilo and Challis eventually detained Petitioner a few blocks from J.B. Metals.
Chicago Police Detective Rose testified at trial that he arrested Petitioner and transported
him to J.B. Metals for identification. While there, Detective Rose observed Petitioner’s car
parked in the lot. Police transported the car to Area Four headquarters where Detective Rose
examined the vehicle and discovered small pieces of glass scattered in the trunk, and two large
bags, one of which contained small pieces of copper pipe.
Petitioner testified at his trial stating that he did not break into J.B. Metals on August 17,
2011, and that he had had never been to the business prior to August 25, 2011. Petitioner further
stated that on August 25, 2011, he drove a two-toned Dodge Intrepid to J.B. Metals seeking to
sell a broken copy machine. He explained that the car belonged to a friend and did not contain
any bags in the trunk. Petitioner testified that he believed that Detective Rose planted the bags
in the trunk once the car was transported to Area Four headquarters.
II.

Procedural Background
Following his jury trial, Petitioner was convicted of burglary and sentenced to 18 years

imprisonment, along with three years of mandatory supervised release. The Circuit Court
considered Petitioner’s prior convictions when sentencing him to 18 years. Also, the Circuit

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Court assessed certain fines and fees, including a $5 court system fee. In his appeal from that
judgment, Petitioner argued that the Circuit Court abused its discretion in sentencing him to 18
years and incorrectly assessed a $5 court system fee. On March 27, 2015, the Illinois Appellate
Court vacated the fee, but affirmed the Circuit Court judgment in all other respects. The
Supreme Court of Illinois denied Petitioner’s leave to appeal on September 30, 2015.
In February 2016, Petitioner filed a pro se post-conviction petition pursuant to the Illinois
Post-Conviction Hearing Act, 725 ILCS 5/122-1, et seq., in the Circuit Court of Cook County.
On March 17, 2016, the Circuit Court denied the post-conviction petition. Petitioner did not
appeal the Circuit Court’s denial of his post-conviction petition. In his reply brief supporting his
habeas petition, Petitioner explains that he did not appeal this denial because he did not think he
would get relief. (R. 21, Reply Brief, at 3.)
III.

Habeas Petition
On April 4, 2016, Petitioner filed the present pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus.

Construing Petitioner’s pro se allegations liberally, see Carter v. Duncan, 819 F.3d 931, 941 (7th
Cir. 2016), he asserts that: (1) his 18-year sentence violates the purpose and spirit of Illinois law
and that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him to 18 years; (2) the State violated
due process at sentencing by lying to the trial court about Petitioner being on parole at the time
of the burglary; and (3) he was denied a speedy trial in violation of the Sixth Amendment.
LEGAL STANDARDS
I.

Habeas Relief
Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”), the Court

cannot grant habeas relief unless the state court’s decision was contrary to, or an unreasonable

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application of federal law clearly established by the Supreme Court. See Williams v. Taylor, 529
U.S. 362, 402-03, 120 S.Ct. 1495, 146 L.Ed.2d 389 (2000); Pinno v. Wachtendorf, 845 F.3d 328,
331 (7th Cir. 2017). The Supreme Court has explained that a state court’s decision is “contrary
to” clearly established Supreme Court law “if the state court arrives at a conclusion opposite to
that reached by this Court on a question of law” or “if the state court confronts facts that are
materially indistinguishable from a relevant Supreme Court precedent and arrives at a result
opposite to ours.” Williams, 529 U.S. at 405. Under the “unreasonable application” prong of the
AEDPA standard, a habeas petitioner must demonstrate that although the state court identified
the correct legal rule, it unreasonably applied the controlling law to the facts of the case. See id.
at 407. In sum, “habeas corpus is a guard against extreme malfunctions in the state criminal
justice systems, not a substitute for ordinary error correction through appeal.” Harrington v.
Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 102-03, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011).
II.

Exhaustion and Procedural Default
“A federal habeas corpus petitioner is required to exhaust his available state remedies

before seeking federal relief.” Lisle v. Pierce, 832 F.3d 778, 785 (7th Cir. 2016) (citing 28
U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1)(A)). “Inherent in the habeas petitioner’s obligation to exhaust his state
court remedies before seeking relief in habeas corpus, is the duty to fairly present his federal
claims to the state courts.” King v. Pfister, 834 F.3d 808, 815 (7th Cir. 2016) (citation omitted).
More specifically, a habeas petitioner must fully and fairly present his federal claims through
one full round of state court review before he files his federal habeas petition. See O’Sullivan v.
Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845, 848, 119 S.Ct. 1728, 144 L.Ed.2d 1 (1999); King, 834 F.3d at 815.
If a habeas petitioner fails to fully and fairly present his federal claims through one full round of

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state court review, he has procedurally defaulted his claims. See King, 834 F.3d at 815.
Procedural default precludes federal habeas courts from reviewing the merits of a petitioner’s
habeas claims. See Thomas v. Williams, 822 F.3d 378, 384 (7th Cir. 2016)
A habeas petitioner may overcome procedural default by demonstrating cause for the
default and actual prejudice or by showing that the Court’s failure to consider the claim would
result in a fundamental miscarriage of justice. See House v. Bell, 547 U.S. 518, 536, 126 S.Ct.
2064, 165 L.Ed.2d 1 (2006); Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 750, 111 S.Ct. 2546, 115
L.Ed.2d 640 (1991). The Supreme Court defines cause sufficient to excuse procedural default as
“some objective factor external to the defense” which prevents a petitioner from pursuing his
constitutional claim in state court. See Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 492, 106 S.Ct. 2639, 91
L.Ed.2d 397 (1986); Johnson v. Foster, 786 F.3d 501, 505 (7th Cir. 2015). Prejudice means
actual prejudice infecting the “entire trial with error of constitutional dimensions.” Murray, 477
U.S. at 494 (citation omitted). A fundamental miscarriage of justice occurs when a habeas
petitioner establishes that “a constitutional violation has probably resulted in the conviction of
one who is actually innocent.” Id. at 496; see also Jones v. Calloway, 842 F.3d 454, 461 (7th
Cir. 2016).
ANALYSIS
I.

Non-Cognizable Claim
In his first habeas claim, Petitioner maintains that his 18-year sentence violates Illinois

law and that the trial court abused its discretion when sentencing him to 18 years in prison. As
the Seventh Circuit teaches, “[t]he remedial power of a federal habeas court is limited to
violations of the petitioner’s federal rights, so only if a state court’s errors have deprived the

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petitioner of a right under federal law can the federal court intervene.” Perruquet v. Briley, 390
F.3d 505, 511 (7th Cir. 2004); see also Estelle v. McGuire, 502 U.S. 62, 67, 112 S.Ct. 475, 116
L.Ed.2d 385 (1991) (“habeas corpus relief does not lie for errors of state law.”). Simply put,
“[f]ederal habeas corpus relief is not available to correct perceived errors of state law.” Crockett
v. Butler, 807 F.3d 160, 168 (7th Cir. 2015); see also King, 834 F.3d at 814 (“It is wellestablished that on habeas review, a federal court cannot disagree with a state court’s resolution
of an issue of state law.”)
Here, Petitioner challenges his sentence under Illinois law and argues that the Circuit
Court abused its discretion in sentencing him. These arguments focus on the sentencing court’s
violation of state – not federal – law. See Wilson v. Corcoran, 562 U.S. 1, 5, 131 S.Ct. 13, 178
L.Ed.2d 276 (2010) (“it is only noncompliance with federal law that renders a State’s criminal
judgment susceptible to collateral attack in the federal courts”) (emphasis in original). As such,
Petitioner’s first claim is not cognizable on habeas review. See Perruquet, 390 F.3d at 511 (“To
say that a petitioner’s claim is not cognizable on habeas review is thus another way of saying
that his claim ‘presents no federal issue at all.’”) (citation omitted). The Court therefore denies
Petitioner’s first habeas claim.
II.

Procedurally Defaulted Claims
Next, Petitioner argues that the State violated due process at sentencing by lying to the

trial court about Petitioner being on parole at the time of the burglary and that he was denied a
speedy trial in violation of the Sixth Amendment. Respondent argues that because Petitioner did
not fully and fairly present these constitutional claims through one full round of state court
review, these claims are procedurally defaulted. See Boerckel, 526 U.S. at 848; King, 834 F.3d

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at 815.
As to his due process claim, although Petitioner argued that the State lied at sentencing in
his pro se petition for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Illinois, Petitioner did not frame
this argument as a due process claim. See McKinley v. Butler, 809 F.3d 908, 909 (7th Cir. 2016)
(“To be allowed to press his claim in this court, however, he had to have pressed it in the state
judicial system first, § 2254(b)(1)(A) and have made clear that it was indeed a federal
constitutional claim that he was pressing”). Equally important, Petitioner did not bring this
claim to the Illinois Appellate Court on direct appeal, and thus he did not present this argument
to one full round of state court review. See Clemons v. Pfister, 845 F.3d 816, 819 (7th Cir.
2017). Petitioner does not argue that the fundamental miscarriage of justice exception applies to
this defaulted claim nor does he argue that cause and prejudice exist to except his procedural
default. See House, 547 U.S. at 536; Murray, 477 U.S. at 492-96.
As to Petitioner’s Sixth Amendment speedy trial claim, he contends that he did not raise
this issue on direct appeal to the Illinois Court of Appeals because his lawyer did not raise this
issue. Construing his pro se habeas petition liberally, see Carter, 819 F.3d at 941, it appears that
Petitioner is arguing that his appellate counsel’s ineffective assistance of counsel was the cause
of Petitioner’s procedurally default. To use the independent constitutional claim of ineffective
assistance of appellate counsel as cause to excuse a procedural default, Petitioner was required to
raise this ineffective assistance of counsel claim through one full round of state court review,
which he failed to do. See Richardson v. Lemke, 745 F.3d 258, 272 (7th Cir. 2014); Gray v.
Hardy, 598 F.3d 324, 330 (7th Cir. 2010). Because Petitioner has procedurally defaulted his
Sixth Amendment claim, the Court cannot reach its merits. See Thomas, 822 F.3d at 384.

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III.

Certificate of Appealability
Under the 2009 Amendments to Rule 11(a) of the Rules Governing Section 2254

Proceedings, the “district court must issue or deny a certificate of appealability when it enters a
final order adverse to the applicant.” Accordingly, the Court must determine whether to grant
Petitioner a certificate of appealability pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2) in the present ruling.
A habeas petitioner does not have the absolute right to appeal a district court’s denial of
his habeas petition, rather, he must first request a certificate of appealability. See Miller-El v.
Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 335, 123 S.Ct. 1029, 1039, 154 L.Ed.2d 931 (2003); Flores-Ramirez v.
Foster, 811 F.3d 861, 865 (7th Cir. 2016) (per curiam). A habeas petitioner is entitled to a
certificate of appealability only if he can make a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right. See Miller-El, 537 U.S. at 336; 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). Under this
standard, Petitioner must demonstrate that “reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that
matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues
presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Miller-El, 537 U.S. at
336 (quoting Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484, 120 S.Ct. 1595, 146 L.Ed.2d 542 (2000)).
In cases where a district court denies a habeas claim on procedural grounds, a certificate of
appealability should issue only if the petitioner shows that (1) jurists of reason would find it
debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a constitutional right, and (2)
jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural
ruling. See Slack, 529 U.S. at 485.
Here, Petitioner has not established that reasonable jurists would debate that his claim
based on Illinois law was not cognizable on habeas review. See Estelle, 502 U.S. at 67. In

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addition, a reasonable jurist would not conclude the Court erred in ruling that Petitioner had
procedurally defaulted his due process and Sixth Amendment claims. See Slack, 529 U.S. at 484
(“Where a plain procedural bar is present and the district court is correct to invoke it to dispose
of the case,” the claim is not debatable). As such, the Court declines to certify any issues for
appeal. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).
CONCLUSION
For these reasons, the Court denies Petitioner’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus and
declines to certify any issues for appeal. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 2253(c)(2), 2254(d).
Dated: February 27, 2017
ENTERED

AMY J. ST. EVE
United States District Judge

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