Robeson v. Astrue

Filing 43

ORDER. Signed by the Honorable Sheila M. Finnegan on 4/25/2019.Mailed notice(sxw, )

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
MENDEL R.,
Plaintiff,
v.
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

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No. 17 C 5407
Magistrate Judge Finnegan

ORDER
Plaintiff Mendel R. seeks to overturn the final decision of the Commissioner of
Social Security (“Commissioner”) denying his application for Supplemental Security
Income (“SSI”) under Title XVI of the Social Security Act. Plaintiff filed a brief explaining
why the case should be reversed or remanded and the Commissioner responded with a
competing motion for summary judgment in support of affirming the decision.

On

February 19, 2019, the parties consented to the jurisdiction of the United States
Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). After careful review of the record, the
Court now grants the Commissioner’s motion.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff applied for SSI on September 19, 2014, alleging disability since November
1, 2007 due to bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”), attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (“ADHD”), depression, and acid reflux. (R. 140, 158). Born in 1976,
Plaintiff was 38 years old at the time of the application, making him a younger individual.
(R. 140). He completed two years of college and lives by himself in an apartment but
relies on his parents for financial support. (R. 498, 513-14, 524-25). Plaintiff’s work

history is minimal. He was employed as a waiter from July 1999 to June 2001, and again
from January to April 2002. He also worked in retail from September 2006 to April 2007,
and held an administrative job at a cleaning company from May to July 2007. (R. 160).
Most recently, Plaintiff attempted to perform unspecified freelance work in 2011 and 2012
but those efforts did not constitute substantial gainful activity. (R. 13, 151, 505).
The Social Security Administration denied Plaintiff’s application initially on January
23, 2015, and again upon reconsideration on June 17, 2015. (R. 47-77, 80-84, 86-89).
He filed a timely request for a hearing and appeared before administrative law judge
Daniel Dadabo (the “ALJ”) on March 16, 2016. (R. 480). The ALJ heard testimony from
Plaintiff, who was represented by counsel, as well as from vocational expert Susan A.
Entenberg (the “VE”). (R. 482-542). On June 3, 2016, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s
bipolar disorder, ADHD, PTSD, and anxiety disorder with panic attacks are severe
impairments, but that they do not meet or equal any listed impairment. (R. 13-14). After
reviewing the record in detail, the ALJ found that Plaintiff is not disabled because he has
the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform a significant number of jobs available
in the national economy, including dishwasher and janitor. (R. 14-21). The Appeals
Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review, leaving the ALJ’s decision as the final
decision of the Commissioner and, therefore, reviewable by this Court under 42 U.S.C. §
405(g). See Haynes v. Barnhart, 416 F.3d 621, 626 (7th Cir. 2005).
In support of his request for reversal or remand, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ: (1)
made a flawed RFC determination that failed to account for his difficulties working in
proximity to others and his moderate limitations in concentration, persistence, or pace;
(2) improperly found him capable of performing jobs beyond his reasoning level; and (3)

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erred in evaluating his subjective statements regarding the limiting effects of his
symptoms. For reasons discussed in this opinion, the Court finds that the ALJ’s decision
is supported by substantial evidence and there are no errors warranting reversal or
remand.
DISCUSSION
A.

Standard of Review
Judicial review of the Commissioner’s final decision is authorized by 42 U.S.C. §

405(g) of the Social Security Act. In reviewing this decision, the court may not engage in
its own analysis of whether Plaintiff is severely impaired as defined by the Social Security
Regulation. Young v. Barnhart, 362 F.3d 995, 1001 (7th Cir. 2004). Nor may it “displace
the ALJ’s judgment by reconsidering facts or evidence or making credibility
determinations. Castile v. Astrue, 617 F.3d 923, 926 (7th Cir. 2010) (quoting Skinner v.
Astrue, 478 F.3d 836, 841 (7th Cir. 2007)). The court “will reverse an ALJ’s determination
only when it is not supported by substantial evidence, meaning ‘such relevant evidence
as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.’” Pepper v.
Colvin, 712 F.3d 351, 361-62 (7th Cir. 2013) (quoting McKinzey v. Astrue, 641 F.3d 884,
889 (7th Cir. 2011)). See also Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 1154 (2019).
In making its determination, the court must “look to whether the ALJ built an
‘accurate and logical bridge’ from the evidence to [his] conclusion that the claimant is not
disabled.” Simila v. Astrue, 573 F.3d 503, 513 (7th Cir. 2009) (quoting Craft v. Astrue,
539 F.3d 668, 673 (7th Cir. 2008)). The ALJ need not, however, “’provide a complete
written evaluation of every piece of testimony and evidence.’” Pepper, 712 F.3d at 362
(quoting Schmidt v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 737, 744 (7th Cir. 2005) (internal citations and

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quotation marks omitted)).

Where the Commissioner’s decision, “‘lacks evidentiary

support or is so poorly articulated as to prevent meaningful review,’ a remand is required.”
Hopgood ex rel. L.G. v. Astrue, 578 F.3d 696, 698 (7th Cir. 2009) (quoting Steele v.
Barnhart, 290 F.3d 936, 940 (7th Cir. 2002)).
B.

Five-Step Inquiry
To recover disability benefits under the SSA, a claimant must establish that he is

disabled within the meaning of the SSA. Snedden v. Colvin, No. 14 C 9038, 2016 WL
792301, at *6 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 29, 2016). A person is disabled if he is unable to perform
“any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or
mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can
be expected to law for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 20 C.F.R. §
404.1505(a). In determining whether a claimant suffers from a disability, an ALJ must
conduct a standard five-step inquiry, which involves analyzing: “(1) whether the claimant
is currently employed; (2) whether the claimant has a severe impairment; (3) whether the
claimant’s impairment is one that the Commissioner considers conclusively disabling; (4)
if the claimant does not have a conclusively disabling impairment, whether he can perform
his past relevant work; and (5) whether the claimant is capable of performing any work in
the national economy.” Kastner v. Astrue, 697 F.3d 642, 646 (7th Cir. 2012) (citing 20
C.F.R. § 404.1520). If the claimant meets his burden of proof at steps one through four,
the burden shifts to the Commissioner at step five. Moore v. Astrue, 851 F. Supp. 2d
1131, 1139-40 (N.D. Ill. 2012).

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C.

Analysis
1.

Mental RFC

Plaintiff argues that the case must be reversed or remanded because the ALJ’s
RFC determination failed to account for his moderate limitations in social functioning and
concentration, persistence, or pace. A claimant’s RFC is the maximum work that he can
perform despite any limitations.

20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1); SSR 96-8p.

“[T]he

responsibility for the RFC assessment belongs to the ALJ, not a physician, [but] an ALJ
cannot construct his own RFC finding without a proper medical ground and must explain
how he has reached his conclusions.” Harper v. Berryhill, No. 16 C 5075, 2017 WL
1208443, at *6 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 3, 2017) (quoting Amey v. Astrue, No. 09 C 2712, 2012 WL
366522, at *13 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 2, 2012)). See also 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(f)(2).
The ALJ found that Plaintiff has the RFC to perform only simple and unskilled work
involving simple decision-making, and he cannot work in coordination with others or have
any public contact, including even incidental public contact. (R. 14, 17, 20). In making
this determination, the ALJ gave great weight to the January 1, 2015 and June 11, 2015
opinions from State agency psychologists Howard Tin, Psy.D., and Donald Cochran,
Ph.D., and assigned minimal weight to the May 20, 2014 opinion from Plaintiff’s treating
internist, Robert M. Wolfe, M.D. (R. 17-20). Plaintiff does not challenge the weight
assigned to these opinions but argues that the ALJ ignored important findings from Dr.
Tin and Dr. Cochran.
a.

Working in Proximity to Others

Plaintiff first objects that the ALJ improperly omitted a restriction against working
in proximity to others. To evaluate this argument, it is necessary to understand Sections

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I and III of the mental RFC Assessment. Section I is “effectively a worksheet on which a
medical consultant sets forth summary conclusions.” Capman v. Colvin, 617 F. App’x
575, 577 (7th Cir. 2015). The agency’s Program Operations Manual System (“POMS”)
describes the purpose of Section I as “chiefly to have a worksheet to ensure that the
psychiatrist or psychologist has considered each of these pertinent mental activities and
the claimant’s or beneficiary’s degree of limitation.” Id. at 578-79 (quoting POMS DI
25020.010(B)(1)).1 Although an ALJ “should not ignore limitations recorded in Section I,
the POMS directs that ‘[t]he degree and extent of the capacity or limitation must be
described in narrative format in Section III.’”

Id. at 579 (quoting POMS DI

24510.063(B)(2)).2 Indeed, “[i]t is the narrative written by the psychiatrist or psychologist
in section III . . . that adjudicators are to use as the assessment of RFC.” Id. (quoting
POMS DI 25020.010(B)(1)).
Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran both completed the worksheet summary in Section I
relating to Plaintiff’s mental abilities. One portion of the worksheet asks whether Plaintiff
can “work in coordination with or in proximity to others without being distracted by them.”
(R. 55, 71-72). The State agency physicians indicated that Plaintiff is moderately limited
in this area. (R. 55, 72). Based on this answer, Plaintiff insists that Dr. Tin and Dr.
Cochran affirmatively found him to have moderate limitations working in coordination with
and in proximity to others, yet the ALJ ignored the latter finding. (Doc. 20, at 10-11). As
the Commissioner correctly notes, however, given the use of the disjunctive “or,” the
answer to this question, standing alone, is at best ambiguous as to whether Plaintiff has

1

POMS section found at https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0425020010, last
visited on 4/12/2019.
2
POMS section found at https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0424510063, last
visited on 4/12/2019.

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difficulties working in coordination with others, in proximity to others, or both. (Doc. 28,
at 3).

The ALJ therefore needed to look to the written narrative in Section III for

clarification.

Capman, 617 F. App’x at 579 (an ALJ “may reasonably rely on the

examiner’s narrative in Section III . . . where it is not inconsistent with the findings in the
Section I worksheet.”).
In Section III of the RFC Assessment, Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran made clear that
Plaintiff’s primary problem is with social interaction, stating he has “difficulty in interacting
appropriately with the general public and admits to having difficulty interacting socially, so
limit [to] work tasks that do not require interaction with the general public.” (R. 57, 73).
The ALJ reasonably concluded that a person with difficulties interacting socially should
not work in coordination with others and so incorporated that limitation from Section I into
the RFC. See DeCamp v. Berryhill, 916 F.3d 671, 676 (7th Cir. 2019). As for any
problems Plaintiff may have working in proximity to others, the ALJ accounted for them
by precluding even incidental public contact. Nothing in the Section III narrative suggests
that Plaintiff has difficulties being in proximity to coworkers and supervisors. To the
contrary, Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran found Plaintiff has no limitations in his ability to accept
instructions and respond appropriately to criticism from supervisors, get along with
coworkers or peers without distracting them or exhibiting behavioral extremes, and
maintain socially appropriate behavior. (R. 56, 72). Plaintiff has waived any challenges
to these findings by failing to raise them in his briefs. Goffron v. Astrue, 859 F. Supp. 2d
948, 958 (N.D. Ill. 2012).
Plaintiff argues that other evidence in the record supports his assertion that he
cannot work in proximity to others. For example, in his May 20, 2014 Mental Disorders

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Report, Dr. Wolfe indicated that Plaintiff has extreme limitations in social functioning and
that encounters with other people or groups of people “triggers anxiety.” (R. 356, 358).
As noted, however, the ALJ assigned minimal weight to this opinion, finding it “not well
supported,” “internally inconsistent,” and “inconsistent with substantial other evidence.”
(R. 19). Once again, Plaintiff’s failure to assert any objections to this aspect of the ALJ’s
decision results in waiver. See, e.g., J.I.B. v. Colvin, No. 1:14-CV-01601-TWP-MJD, 2015
WL 8568925, at *3 n.2 (S.D. Ind. Nov. 13, 2015) (“Arguments that are not raised or are
raised in skeletal form and not developed are waived.”).
In his reply brief, Plaintiff makes a new argument concerning a June 2, 2012
consultative examination he had with Kenneth M. Levitan, M.D., in connection with a
previous application for disability benefits (not at issue here).

(Doc. 33, at 3-4).

Specifically, Plaintiff notes that during that exam, he became angry and irritated upon
questioning, exhibited some paranoid and delusional-like ideation, and was volatile at
times. (R. 320, 322). Plaintiff does not explain how this evidence demonstrates an
inability to work in proximity to coworkers and supervisors (all Dr. Levitan said on that
topic was that Plaintiff can communicate with coworkers and a supervisor albeit with some
difficulties). (R. 322). Plaintiff focuses instead on the fact that the ALJ failed to mention
Dr. Levitan’s opinion in his decision. Yet again, Plaintiff has waived this argument, in this
instance by raising it for the first time in his reply brief. Davis v. Colvin, No. 13 C 5204,
2016 WL 278859, at *10 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 22, 2016) (citing Frey v. E.P.A., 751 F.3d 461, 466
n.2 (7th Cir. 2014)).
Putting aside the issue of waiver, Plaintiff is correct that “[e]arlier evidence, such
as previous physicians’ opinions, can be considered relevant when adjudicating

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subsequent applications for benefits.” Schmidt v. Astrue, 496 F.3d 833, 845 (7th Cir.
2007). At the same time, an ALJ has a “duty to develop a full and fair record” and must
obtain an updated medical opinion from a medical expert “[w]here additional material
medical evidence is received after the state agency has reviewed the evidence.” Cox v.
Astrue, No. 1:12-CV-00125-MJD-TWP, 2012 WL 6649228, at *7 (S.D. Ind. Dec. 20,
2012). Dr. Levitan evaluated Plaintiff in May 2012, more than two years before Plaintiff
filed his latest application for benefits on September 19, 2014. The ALJ thus acted
reasonably in securing an updated consultative examination from Anna Maria Wegierek,
Psy.D., on January 10, 2015.3 (R. 429-32).
Plaintiff told Dr. Wegierek that he has difficulties interacting socially but his mental
status examination was “unremarkable in general, aside from a few difficulties with
attention.”

(R. 430, 432).

He was cooperative, displayed no preoccupations, and

exhibited no psychotic reactions that would indicate social, personal and occupational
regression. (R. 431). There is no dispute that Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran relied on Dr.
Wegierek’s report in determining Plaintiff’s RFC. (R. 53, 67). More importantly, the record
reflects that the psychologists also reviewed and considered Dr. Levitan’s earlier
evaluation. (R. 50, 71) (observing that Dr. Levitan’s statement “is consistent with totality
of medical evidence however statement is more than 3 years old and not current.”). Since
the ALJ afforded great weight to the State agency opinions, and those opinions took Dr.
Levitan’s opinion into account, any error the ALJ may have made in failing to expressly
mention Dr. Levitan’s opinion is harmless and does not warrant remand or reversal. See

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If the ALJ had not obtained an updated medical evaluation, Plaintiff likely would have cited
that failure as a reason to reverse and remand the case.

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Spiva v. Astrue, 628 F.3d 346, 353 (7th Cir. 2010) (harmless error applies to social
security cases).
Plaintiff finally objects that the ALJ erred “when he asked the [VE] about a limitation
in working in proximity to others, but failed to explain why he did not include such a
limitation.” (Doc. 20, at 12) (citing Kukec v. Berryhill, No. 16 C 9805, 2017 WL 5191872,
at *3 (N.D. Ill. Nov. 9, 2017)). As noted, the ALJ effectively did include a limitation against
working in proximity to the public by precluding even incidental contact, and the record
does not support similar limitations with respect to coworkers and supervisors. Outlaw v.
Astrue, 412 F. App’x 894, 898 (7th Cir. 2011) (“The ALJ needed only to include limitations
in his RFC that were supported by the medical evidence and that the ALJ found to be
credible.”).
Moreover, on the record presented, the mere fact that the ALJ asked a hypothetical
question about working in proximity to others does not mean such a restriction had to be
included in a final RFC assessment. “When interacting with the vocational expert, the
ALJ will often pose a series of hypothetical questions to the expert prior to determining
the claimant’s RFC. The ALJ may include more or less restrictions in these hypothetical
questions than he ultimately finds.” Johnson v. Astrue, No. 1:11-CV-01074-SEB, 2012
WL 4481359, at *5 (S.D. Ind. Sept. 28, 2012).

Plaintiff cites nothing in the record

suggesting that the ALJ’s inclusion of a general proximity limitation in a hypothetical
question to the VE was in any way an acknowledgment that Plaintiff, in fact, has that
limitation. Compare Sayles v. Barnhart, No. 00 C 7200, 2001 WL 1568850, at *9 (N.D.
Ill. Dec. 7, 2001) (remanding where the ALJ adopted a VE opinion about available work

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that was “based on a hypothetical that departs from the factual findings that the ALJ
made.”).
Viewing the record as a whole, the ALJ adequately accounted for Plaintiff’s social
limitations in the RFC assessment by precluding him from working in coordination with
others or having even incidental public contact. These findings are consistent with the
State agency psychologists’ opinions which the ALJ reasonably afforded significant
weight. Plaintiff’s motion to reverse or remand the case for further consideration of this
issue is denied.
b.

Concentration, Persistence, or Pace

Plaintiff next argues that the RFC determination is flawed because the limitation to
simple work involving simple decision-making failed to properly account for his moderate
limitations in concentration, persistence, or pace. “Concentration, persistence, or pace
refers to the ability to sustain focused attention and concentration sufficiently long to
permit the timely and appropriate completion of tasks commonly found in work settings.”
20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1 § 12.00 C(3). Generally, an ALJ cannot account for
limitations in concentration, persistence, and pace by restricting a claimant to simple,
routine, repetitive tasks. See, e.g., Walters v. Astrue, 444 F. App’x 913, 918 (7th Cir.
2011). That said, the Seventh Circuit has held that “an ALJ may reasonably rely upon
the opinion of a medical expert who translates these findings into an RFC determination.”
Burmester v. Berryhill, 920 F.3d 507, 511 (7th Cir. 2019). See also Milliken v. Astrue,
397 F. App’x 218, 221-22 (7th Cir. 2010); Johansen v. Barnhart, 314 F.3d 283, 288-89
(7th Cir. 2002) (no error where physician translated moderate mental limitations into a

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specific RFC assessment that the plaintiff could still perform low-stress, repetitive work).
That is what happened here.
Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran both found in Section I of the RFC Assessment that
Plaintiff has moderate limitations in the ability to maintain attention and concentration and
carry out detailed instructions, but is not significantly limited in his ability to: carry out very
short and simple instructions; perform activities within a schedule, maintain regular
attendance, and be punctual within customary tolerances; sustain an ordinary routine
without special supervision; make simple work-related decisions; and complete a normal
workday and workweek without interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and
perform at a consistent pace without an unreasonable number and length of rest periods.
(R. 55, 71-71). In the Section III narrative, Dr. Tin and Dr. Cochran explained further that
despite Plaintiff’s moderate deficits in sustaining concentration and persistence, he can:
remember locations or work-like procedures; understand, remember, and carry out short
and simple instructions; and perform simple unskilled tasks as long as he does not have
to interact with the general public. (R. 55-57, 71, 73).
The ALJ gave these opinions significant weight (again, Plaintiff does not challenge
this finding) and included the stated limitations in the hypothetical questions posed to the
VE (along with the restriction of no working in coordination with others). (R. 529-30).
Notably, the opinions are consistent with Dr. Wegierek’s observation on January 10, 2015
that Plaintiff’s mental exam was unremarkable except for “a few difficulties with attention,”
(R. 432), and even Dr. Levitan’s stale June 2, 2012 opinion that Plaintiff could perform
“simple and routine tasks” and “follow and understand instructions” though he could not
retain them by the next working day. (R. 322). On this record, the ALJ did not err in

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relying on the State agency opinions which translated Plaintiff’s moderate limitations in
concentration, persistence, or pace into an RFC for simple, unskilled work involving
simple decision-making.
2.

Reasoning Level

In a related argument, Plaintiff objects that it was inconsistent for the ALJ to limit
him to performing simple, unskilled work with simple decision-making and at the same
time find him capable of performing jobs with a reasoning level of 2. The Dictionary of
Occupational Titles (“DOT”) assigns each job a General Educational Development
(“GED”) score, which “embraces those aspects of education (formal and informal) which
are required of the worker for satisfactory job performance.” Wiszowaty v. Astrue, 861 F.
Supp. 2d 924, 946 (N.D. Ind. 2012) (quoting Dep’t of Labor, Dictionary of Occupational
Titles, Appendix C(III), 1991 WL 688702). The GED scale is comprised of three divisions
– reasoning development, mathematical development, and language development – and
each division is divided into 6 levels. Id. For jobs with a reasoning development level of
one, a claimant must be able to “[a]pply commonsense understanding to carry out simple
one- or two-step instructions” and “[d]eal with standardized situations with occasional or
no variables in or from these situations encountered on the job.” Id. To perform reasoning
development level two jobs, a claimant must be able to “[a]pply commonsense
understanding to carry out detailed but uninvolved written or oral instructions” and “[d]eal
with problems involving a few concrete variables in or from standardized situations.” Id.
The parties agree that according to the DOT, the dishwasher and janitor jobs both
require a reasoning level of two. Courts in this jurisdiction have not reached a consensus
regarding the relationship between simple tasks under the DOT and the Social Security

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regulations. Some courts have remanded cases to resolve a perceived conflict between
VE testimony that a person limited to simple, routine tasks could perform jobs with a DOT
reasoning level of two, and the DOT’s description of reasoning level two jobs as requiring
the carrying out of “detailed but uninvolved written or oral instructions.” See, e.g., Duty v.
Berryhill, No. 15-CV-1210-JPG-CJP, 2017 WL 679947, at *9 (S.D. Ill. Feb. 21, 2017);
Wetzel v. Comm’r of Social Security, No. 4:13-CV-4070-SLD-JEH, 2015 WL 470202, at
*8 (C.D. Ill. Feb. 3, 2015) (a claimant limited to one- to two-step unskilled tasks could
perform reasoning level one jobs); Schlattman v. Colvin, No. 12 C 10422, 2014 WL
185009, at *6 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 14, 2014) (same).
As the Commissioner notes, however, other courts have declined to find a conflict
in such situations, observing that the “DOT and Social Security regulations . . . use
markedly different standards for addressing a claimant’s ability to understand, remember,
and concentrate on job duties.” Eggleston v. Colvin, No. 13 C 5208, 2015 WL 2208221,
at *5 (N.D. Ill. May 7, 2015) (citing McCain v. Colvin, No. 12 C 9652, 2013 WL 6283638,
at *7 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 4, 2013)).

“The regulations divide such abilities into only two

categories – ‘short and simple instructions’ and ‘detailed’ or ‘complex’ ones – whereas
the DOT uses a more graduated scale ranging from one to six that does not easily
accommodate itself to the regulations’ simple/complex dichotomy.” Stile v. Colvin, No.
14 C 4379, 2017 WL 2908783, at *8 (N.D. Ill. July 7, 2017) (quoting Thompkins v. Astrue,
No. 09 C 1339, 2010 WL 5071193, at *10 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 6, 2010)). These courts thus
take the position that “a task may be ‘simple’ under the regulations and still involve the
kind of ‘detailed’ tasks required under Level 2 reasoning.” McCain, 2013 WL 6283638,

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at *7 (“[N]o one-to-one parallel can be found between ‘simple’ as it is used under the
regulations and the DOT’s requirements.”).
This Court finds the analysis in Eggleston and similar cases to be persuasive and
agrees that jobs with a reasoning level of two such as dishwasher or janitor do not
inherently conflict with an RFC for simple, unskilled work. See Mitchell v. Berryhill, No.
16 C 6241, 2019 WL 426149, at *4 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 4, 2019) (“‘[S]imple work restrictions . .
. are not necessarily inconsistent with Reasoning Level 2 occupations.”). Indeed, the
Seventh Circuit has indicated that “even workers who are markedly limited in their ability
to understand, remember, and follow detailed instructions might still be able to perform
jobs requiring level 3 reasoning development.” Sawyer v. Colvin, 512 F. App’x 603, 611
(7th Cir. 2013) (emphasis added). The question is thus whether there is other evidence
in the record suggesting a conflict between Plaintiff’s restriction to simple work and the
VE’s testimony in this case. The Court finds there is not.
First and foremost, Plaintiff was represented by counsel at the administrative
hearing but his attorney did not ask the VE any questions about reasoning levels or
otherwise challenge the VE’s testimony that Plaintiff can work as a dishwasher or janitor.
Donahue v. Barnhart, 279 F.3d 441, 446 (7th Cir. 2002) (“When no one questions the
vocational expert’s foundation or reasoning, an ALJ is entitled to accept the vocational
expert’s conclusion[.]”). In addition, Plaintiff does not respond to the Commissioner’s
argument that reasoning development focuses on educational background as opposed
to functional performance. (Doc. 28, at 7-8) (quoting Anderson v. Colvin, 514 F. App’x
756, 764 (10th Cir. 2013) (General Educational Development “does not describe specific
mental or skill requirements of a particular job, but rather describes the general

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educational background that makes an individual suitable for the job.”)). There is no
dispute that Plaintiff has a high school diploma and completed two years of college. (R.
159, 498). Plaintiff fails to explain how this educational background makes him unsuitable
for work as a dishwasher or janitor. See Terry v. Astrue, 580 F.3d 471, 478 (7th Cir.
2009) (claimant with the cognitive capacity to follow simple instructions could perform jobs
with a reasoning level of three where she had finished high school and completed training
to become a certified nurse’s assistant).
Considering the specific facts and arguments presented in this case, including
Plaintiff’s failure to respond to any of the Commissioner’s arguments or cases in his reply
brief, the Court finds no error in the ALJ’s reliance on the VE’s testimony that Plaintiff can
perform reasoning level two jobs such as dishwasher and janitor. The ALJ’s decision on
this issue is supported by substantial evidence and does not merit further consideration
on remand.
3.

Subjective Symptom Evaluation

Plaintiff finally argues that the ALJ committed reversible error in evaluating his
subjective statements regarding the limiting effects of his impairments. The regulations
describe a two-step process for evaluating a claimant’s own description of his
impairments. First, the ALJ “must consider whether there is an underlying medically
determinable physical or mental impairment(s) that could reasonably be expected to
produce the individual’s symptoms, such as pain.” SSR 16-3p, at *2. If there is such an
impairment, the ALJ must “evaluate the intensity and persistence of those symptoms to
determine the extent to which the symptoms limit an individual’s ability to perform workrelated activities.” Id. In evaluating a claimant’s symptoms, “an ALJ must consider

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several factors, including the claimant’s daily activities, h[is] level of pain or symptoms,
aggravating factors, medication, treatment, and limitations, . . . and justify the finding with
specific reasons.” Villano v. Astrue, 556 F.3d 558, 562 (7th Cir. 2009).
The Court is to give the ALJ’s assessment of a claimant’s subjective symptom
allegations “special deference and will overturn it only if it is patently wrong,” i.e., if it “lacks
any explanation or support.” Summers v. Berryhill, 864 F.3d 523, 528 (7th Cir. 2017)
(internal quotations omitted); Burmester, 920 F.3d at 510. A reviewing court should rarely
disturb a subjective symptom assessment, as it lacks “the opportunity to observe the
claimant testifying.” Sims v. Barnhart, 442 F.3d 536, 538 (7th Cir. 2006). The claimant
bears the burden of showing that an ALJ’s subjective symptom evaluation is “patently
wrong.” See Horr v. Berryhill, 743 F. App’x 16, 20 (7th Cir. 2018).
Plaintiff first argues that the ALJ applied the wrong legal standard in evaluating his
symptoms. Specifically, the ALJ began by reciting the following boilerplate language:
Plaintiff’s “statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting effects of [his]
symptoms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the
record for the reasons explained in this decision.” (R. 15). The Court agrees that such
boilerplate is meaningless, but it is also “innocuous when, as here, the language is
followed by an explanation for rejecting the claimant’s testimony.” Schomas v. Colvin,
732 F.3d 702, 708 (7th Cir. 2013). See also Dawn P. v. Berryhill, No. 17 C 4707, 2019
WL 339603, at *4 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 28, 2019) (use of “not entirely consistent” boilerplate
language does not alone warrant reversal if “the ALJ proceeded to give reasons
explaining her ultimate finding.”); Esther C. v. Berryhill, No. 18 C 407, 2019 WL 1254888,
at *2 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 19, 2019) (quoting Pierce v. Colvin, 739 F.3d 1046, 1050 (7th Cir.

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2014)) (same boilerplate language “not fatal if it is accompanied by ‘a detailed explanation
of the evidence and [the ALJ’s] reasoning about credibility.’”). But see Minger v. Berryhill,
307 F. Supp. 3d 865, 871-72 (N.D. Ill. 2018) (expressing concern that the same boilerplate
language may indicate the ALJ was applying the wrong evidentiary standard).
Turning to the substantive analysis, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to consider
the side effects of his medications, including drowsiness and a need to lie down during
the day and nap, sometimes for as long as eight hours. (Doc. 20, at 17). Plaintiff is
incorrect. The ALJ acknowledged Plaintiff’s testimony that his medications make him
tired but noted that medical records routinely showed he experienced either no or only
slight side effects. (R. 15, 16) (citing R. 417 (lorazepam helping “without causing side
effects” on 12/17/2012); R. 400 (“Slight drowsiness from meds” but “[f]eeling much better”
on 5/8/2013); R. 392 (“Feeling much better overall” and no complaints of fatigue on
7/12/2013); R. 400 (“Slight drowsiness from meds” on 9/8/2013); R. 448 (“Feeling well”
and no complaints of fatigue on 4/7/2015); R. 444 (no complaints of fatigue on 6/10/2015);
R. 440 (symptoms well-controlled, no present problem with fatigue on 11/2/2015); R. 43637 (“some drowsiness at times” from lorazepam on 2/10/2016 so dosage reduced).
This evidence, which Plaintiff largely ignores, reasonably undermines his assertion
that his medications cause disabling fatigue, and it was not patently wrong for the ALJ to
discount Plaintiff’s testimony on this issue. See Cook v. Astrue, 800 F. Supp. 2d 897,
909 (N.D. Ill. 2011) (an ALJ is permitted to “discount testimony regarding side effects of
medication that are unsubstantiated by objective evidence.”). Plaintiff insists that even if
his fatigue is only slight, there is still a possibility that he will be off task more than 10% of
the workday, which the VE testified would preclude all employment. (Doc. 20, at 17-18;

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Doc. 33, at 9) (citing R. 534). The flaw in this argument is that no physician of record ever
indicated that Plaintiff would be off task for any amount of time due to medication-related
fatigue.4 See, e.g., Wright v. Colvin, No. 13 C 6429, 2014 WL 4197852, at *9 (N.D. Ill.
Aug. 25, 2014) (declining to remand case where “there is no evidence in the record of a
physician or other expert stating that [the plaintiff] would be off-task at all.”).
Plaintiff next objects that the ALJ failed to fairly assess his testimony that he has
good days and bad days. (R. 508) (“[B]eing bipolar you’re down and up, and down and
up.”). Specifically, Plaintiff accuses the ALJ of “cherry-picking” positive notes from the
medical record and ignoring evidence supporting a finding of disability.

This is not

accurate. The ALJ discussed all of the medical evidence in detail, including Plaintiff’s
brief hospitalization in September 2011 following a romantic break-up, his report of
occasional panic attacks in January 2013, and records documenting times when Plaintiff
“appeared irritable, anxious, restless, and ‘slightly hyper,’ or ‘mildly nervous.’” (R. 15-16).
The ALJ also acknowledged that Plaintiff “periodically experienced exacerbation of his
symptoms,” but stressed that he “quickly stabilized, and his depression, anxiety, and
panic symptoms have usually been well controlled.” (R. 17). Plaintiff does not mention
this evidence or challenge its accuracy. Nor does he address the ALJ’s observations that
Plaintiff’s “primary care physician has successfully managed [Plaintiff’s] symptoms
through medication.” (R. 16-17).
Significantly, Plaintiff does not articulate what happens when he has a bad day or
explain how it would prohibit him from working. The only evidence Plaintiff cites in that
regard is his testimony that before he started treating with Dr. Wolfe in October 2012, he
As previously discussed, the ALJ reasonably accommodated Plaintiff’s difficulties with
concentration, persistence, or pace stemming from his mental impairments.
4

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did not want to get out of bed and “was in a very, very bad way.” (Doc. 20, at 18) (citing
R. 500-01). Plaintiff also made clear, however, that Dr. Wolfe now has given him a
balance of medication that Plaintiff believes is effective. (R. 500). Consistent with that
testimony, Plaintiff’s treatment notes from December 2012 forward routinely show he was
feeling well and did not require any specialized psychiatric care, and Plaintiff does not
point to any contrary records. Compare Bauer v. Astrue, 532 F.3d 606, 609 (7th Cir.
2008) (remanding case for proper evaluation of treating psychiatrist’s opinion regarding
the functionality of a person with bipolar disorder who “responds erratically to treatment.”).
Plaintiff finally argues that the ALJ failed to consider his testimony that stress,
changes in routine, finances, acid reflux, family, and socializing trigger his mental
impairment symptoms. (Doc. 20, at 19). To the extent this is simply a reiteration of
Plaintiff’s objections to the mental RFC, it fails for the reasons already stated. In his reply
brief, Plaintiff reframes this argument as an objection that the ALJ relied too heavily on
his daily activities in discounting his testimony. (Doc. 33, at 10). The ALJ noted that
Plaintiff worked part-time as a freelance web designer at one point, lives alone, and is
able to: drive a car; manage his personal care; make simple meals; do housework; go
shopping; handle his own finances; and socialize with family members. (R. 17).
Contrary to Plaintiff’s assertion, the ALJ did not equate these activities with an
ability to work, but properly concluded that this level of activity is not consistent with
Plaintiff’s claims of total disability and suggests he “may be capable of a greater level of
functioning than he alleges.”

(Id.).

The Court finds nothing improper about this

conclusion. Chapman v. Berryhill, No. 16-CV-015-JPG-CJP, 2017 WL 1019850, at *6
(S.D. Ill. Mar. 16, 2017) (citing Pepper, 712 F.3d at 369) (“While it may be error to equate

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limited daily activities with the ability to work full-time, it is not error to consider daily
activities; in fact, it is proper for an ALJ to consider a conflict between the plaintiff’s claims
about what she can do and the evidence as to her activities.”).
Viewing the record as a whole, the ALJ’s evaluation of Plaintiff’s subjective
statements is supported by substantial evidence. See Ray v. Berryhill, 915 F.3d 486, 490
(7th Cir. 2019) (it is “the rare case” where a claimant can overcome the “considerable
deference” afforded to credibility determinations). Plaintiff’s request to remand the case
for further consideration of Plaintiff’s testimony is denied.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment is denied,
and the Commissioner’s Motion for Summary Judgment [27] is granted. The Clerk is
directed to enter judgment in favor of the Commissioner.
ENTER:

Dated: April 25, 2019

____________________________
SHEILA FINNEGAN
United States Magistrate Judge

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