Luan v. Berryhill

Filing 21

MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order; Plaintiff motion for summary judgment is denied, the Government's motion is granted, and the ALJ's decision is affirmed. (See attachment for full detail.) Signed by the Honorable Iain D. Johnston on 1/29/2019:(yxp, )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
WESTERN DIVISION
Zen L.,
Plaintiff,
v.
Nancy A. Berryhill, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)

No. 17 CV 50289
Magistrate Judge Iain D. Johnston

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
This appeal should never have been filed. It borders on frivolous. Currently, the Western
Division of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois is one of the busiest courts
in the country. And Social Security appeals now comprise about a quarter of the civil docket.
This Court should not be burdened – and other litigants awaiting rulings should not be delayed –
by appeals that fundamentally lack merit. This Court has previously warned against filing
meritless Social Security appeals. Martinez v. Colvin, No. 12 CV 50016, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
41754, *28-29 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 28, 2014). And today it does so again. The Court anticipates all
counsel will use their best professional judgment before filing and litigating Social Security
appeals. This Court had previously counseled the government to more carefully analyze those
cases it chose to litigate. Koelling v. Colvin, No. 14 CV 50018, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 140754,
*21, n. 6 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 16, 2015). Because of the number of voluntary remands, it appears the
government received the message. The Court hopes that claimants’ counsel do so as well. The
following analysis makes plain why this appeal should never have been filed and litigated.

1

Plaintiff moved to the United States from Myanmar, becoming a legal permanent resident
in 2010. Since arriving in this country, she has not worked for pay. Her native language is
Burmese and she can only speak or understand English “a little bit.” R. 33. In 2015, she applied
for Title XVI benefits alleging she was disabled due to a long-existing left hand injury and
dizziness from a brain angioma. The administrative law judge ruled that plaintiff was capable of
doing light work. Plaintiff does not challenge the finding that her dizziness was not a barrier to
working. The case thus only concerns the hand injury. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ minimized
her hand limitations primarily by wrongly concluding that a 2016 surgery corrected most of her
problems. Plaintiff also argues that the Appeals Council erred in not remanding the case based on
photographs, taken after the ALJ’s decision, allegedly showing that the hand was so obviously
disfigured that anyone would conclude that she could not work.
BACKGROUND
The left hand problem began sometime in 2004. Plaintiff underwent a number of
surgeries over the ensuing years (including a 2005 surgery in Myanmar and a 2008 surgery in
neighboring India) to correct the problem. But despite the surgeries, plaintiff continued to have
deformity, pain, swelling, mass, and limitations in some of her fingers.
After moving to the United States, plaintiff did not seek any treatment for her hand until
January 2016 when she began seeing Dr. Edric Schwartz in Rockford. Over the course of several
visits, Dr. Schwartz examined plaintiff, performed a biopsy, took x-rays, ordered an MRI, and
then recommended surgery, which was performed on March 15, 2016. Plaintiff returned to Dr.
Schwartz’s office for a series of follow-up visits. In the last visit, on May 16, 2016, plaintiff
reported that her symptoms had “significantly improved” and that she was “pleased with the
results.” R. 343. These notes state that plaintiff was released to work “[f]ull duty, no

2

restrictions.” Id. No further visits or treatments were scheduled. These notes were signed by
Cory Belnap, a physician’s assistant, who attended the surgery and assisted Dr. Schwartz in
plaintiff’s treatment. These notes—and particularly the statement therein that plaintiff had no
work restrictions—are the key piece of evidence the ALJ relied on. 1
Another prominent piece of evidence, albeit a more equivocal one, was the report from
Dr. Ramchandani, the consultative examiner. He examined plaintiff in June 2015. Both sides
claim that parts of this report support their position. Rather than providing a shorthand summary,
the Court will quote the relevant findings, which are the following:
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: [] She is left-handed with a grip of 4/5 on the right
and 3/5 on the left. She is able to make a fist, pick up objects, open and close the
door, oppose the thumb to fingers, and flip pages bilaterally, though in a clumsy
fashion and with effort on the left.
*

*

*

CNS EXAMINATION: [] Motor System: Power is 5/5 with normal tone and
muscle mass in all 4 extremities except the left wrist where power is 3+ to 4/5,
reduced tone at the left wrist, slight wasting of left hypothenar eminence. The left
forearm is smaller than the right by 3/4”. Sensory system: Intact to touch and pin
prick in all 4 extremities.
*

*

*

IMPRESSION:
1. Post-surgical deformities of left 4th and 5th fingers.
2. Lateral epicondylitis of right elbow.
3. Vertigo secondary to cavernous angioma of mid brain and right
paramedian pons.
4. Hepatitis C.
R. 296-97.

1

One lurking question is whether this opinion came just from Cory Belnap, the physician’s assistant who signed the
notes, or whether it was also endorsed by Dr. Schwartz whose name is on the report. At the hearing, plaintiff’s
counsel referred to it as the doctor’s opinion. In the ALJ’s decision, he referred to it as Belnap’s opinion, as do the
parties in their briefs. However, neither side has argued that analysis should differ depending on the precise
authorship of the opinion. Given these uncertainties, the Court will refer to the opinion as being that of “Dr.
Schwartz’s office.”

3

The third source of medical information about plaintiff’s hand are medical records from
India covering plaintiff’s treatment there in 2008. Ex. 1F. In her briefs, plaintiff refers to a few
findings from these records. Overall, the medical record (at 393 pages) is relatively thin
compared to the typical case and even smaller when confined to the hand evidence. The India
records are 34 pages; the Ramchandani report is 7 pages; and the Schwartz records are 40 pages. 2
In September 2016, an administrative hearing was held. Plaintiff’s counsel gave the
following opening statement:
ATTY: Briefly. The records from Rockford Orthopedic indicate that the doctor
told Ms. Luan that she has no restrictions with the left hand, but if she’ll hold up
the hand for you now, you can see that her fingers are permanently contracted.
R. 31 (emphasis added). This statement, though short, nonetheless distilled the case down to two
basic competing evidentiary arguments, ones that are still present in this appeal.
At the hearing, plaintiff testified through a videoconferencing system and with the
assistance of an interpreter. Several times during the hearing plaintiff was asked to show her
hand for the ALJ to see. The ALJ initially identified plaintiff’s pinky and ring fingers (the fourth
and fifth fingers) as the affected fingers, but plaintiff added that her middle finger (the third one)
was also affected. Plaintiff testified that she could not do “anything” at all with her left hand, and
stated that the most recent surgery had made her symptoms worse. R. 34, 38. She also claimed
that Dr. Schwartz told her that she could not have any more surgeries because the remaining
problems with the hand “cannot be fixed.” Id. At the end of the hearing, counsel asked to give a
closing statement in which she again returned to the opinion from Dr. Schwartz’s office:
I would just like to say that if you intend on giving Dr. Schwartz’s statement, that
there are not restrictions with the left hand, controlling weight, I would ask that you
give us time to try to clarify that statement with the doctor because I firmly believe
that he meant that there were no restrictions from the surgery, not—I don’t think he
2

There are also the State agency opinions, but neither side has relied on them in any material way.

4

was speaking to anything that he didn’t try to correct with the surgery. I think the
surgery was just to remove a mass in the hand.
R. 45. The ALJ gave plaintiff two weeks and offered even more time if needed. Counsel
indicated that two weeks would be sufficient, although she noted that “we’ve had some problems
[communicating] with [Dr. Schwartz’s office] in the past.” Id.
Although several attempts were made to get an updated opinion, no such opinion was
obtained. It does not appear that counsel informed the ALJ of this fact. On January 27, 2017, the
ALJ issued an eight-page ruling. The ALJ gave “substantial weight” to the opinion from Dr.
Schwartz’s office. Thus, counsel’s fear at the hearing that this opinion would be given
controlling weight essentially came true. In addition to crediting the medical opinion, the ALJ
also found that the March 2016 surgery had “demonstrably” and significantly improved the
plaintiff’s hand functioning. R. 17. The ALJ also noted that plaintiff herself had reported at the
last visit with Dr. Schwartz that the surgery resulted in “significant improvement” and that tests
conducted at that visit showed that she had, among other things, “normal strength and sensory
function,” although she did have “some diminished range of motion.” Id. The ALJ noted that Dr.
Ramchandani’s observations indicated that plaintiff could use her hand to a greater extent than
she claimed. The ALJ also noted that these observations were made before the surgery. Id.
Plaintiff filed an appeal to the Appeals Council. In her letter brief, she enclosed
photographs of her hand that were taken after the ALJ’s decision. The appeal was denied, and
plaintiff then appealed to this Court. On January 31, 2018, the Appeals Council wrote a letter to
plaintiff stating that it “now” had received the new photographs and that it found no reason to
change its previous denial. On February 5, 2018, plaintiff added the letter and photographs to the
record in this Court. There are five black and white photographs of plaintiff’s hand from various
angles. A month later, when plaintiff submitted her opening summary judgment brief, she
5

included a supplement with a new set of photographs that were described as “better quality
versions” of the earlier photographs. Dkt. #15 at 12. 3
DISCUSSION
Although plaintiff raises a number of arguments for remand, they can be grouped into
three primary contentions. First, the ALJ engaged in cherrypicking in describing the medical
evidence. Second, the ALJ failed to consider counsel’s argument at the hearing that the opinion
from Dr. Schwartz’s office was more limited than it seemed on its face. Third, the Appeals
Council erred in not remanding based on the new photographs. The Court is not persuaded that
these arguments provide a basis for second-guessing the ALJ’s decision.
Plaintiff’s cherrypicking argument suffers from several flaws that commonly beset such
arguments. One is that plaintiff engages in her own form of cherrypicking. To cite one example,
plaintiff criticizes the ALJ for not including in the summary of Dr. Ramchandani’s findings that
plaintiff had “wasting of the left hypothenar eminence.” Dkt. #15 at 6. This is true, but plaintiff’s
description is selective in the other direction. Plaintiff left out that Dr. Ramchandani referred to
this wasting as being only “slight” and did not list this in the concluding “Impression” section. R.
296. Another problem is that plaintiff engages in doctor playing by extracting technical findings
and then using them to suggest larger diagnostic conclusions. For example, she notes that
January 2016 MRI report included the terms “lesion” and “hemangioma” and then argues that
they “likely indicate some vascular issues in the fingers.” Dkt. #17 at 1 (emphasis added). It is
not that plaintiff’s speculations are necessarily wrong, but that they are not tied to a doctor’s
opinion or diagnosis. This leads to the biggest weakness in her cherrypicking argument, which is
that it relies on findings from before the March 2016 surgery. As noted above, the ALJ viewed

3

It appears that the new photographs are the same ones as before except that they are in color with better quality
copying. The earlier photographs are fuzzy with a number of dark patches making them hard to see clearly.

6

that surgery as a pivotal point in the chronology. Implied in this finding is that the earlier medical
evidence was essentially irrelevant. 4 Finally, as the Government argues, the cherrypicking
examples cited by plaintiff were closer to articulation errors rather than substantive
misunderstandings. Plaintiff’s main gripe is that the ALJ referred several times to the hand
problem as being a contracture of the 4th and 5th fingers, which plaintiff believes misleadingly
omitted that the 3rd finger was also affected and that there was swelling and mass in addition to
contracture. It is not clear that the ALJ was making a substantive distinction, as opposed to using
a shorthand phrase to describe the general problem. Moreover, the phrase used by the ALJ was
the same basic one used by Dr. Ramchandani. R. 297 (“Post-surgical deformities of left 4th and
5th fingers.”). And plaintiff’s counsel also used a similar phrasing in her letter briefs to the ALJ
and Appeals Council. See R. 240 (“At some point, the claimant had surgery on the hand in
Burma (we do not have access to those records) and the claimant ultimately was left with
permanent problems with the hand, namely flexion deformities in the fourth and fifth metatarsals
and ring fingers.”) (emphasis added); R. 135 (same).
Plaintiff’s second argument is more on point in that it addresses the key piece of evidence
relied on by the ALJ. This is the opinion from Dr. Schwartz’s office. Plaintiff faults the ALJ for
failing to “acknowledge” the argument counsel made at the hearing—namely, that counsel
“firmly believe[d]” that the Schwartz opinion was limited to only the aspects of plaintiff’s hand
problem that were fixed by the surgery and did not address other aspects that were not fixed by
the surgery. Dkt.#15-9; R. 45. This main problem with this theory is that it is speculative. At the
hearing, counsel implicitly recognized this weakness when she asked the ALJ for permission to
submit an updated opinion from Dr. Schwartz that would “clarify” her theory and resolve the

4

It is worth noting that, when Dr. Schwartz first saw plaintiff in January 2016, he declared that plaintiff’s old
medical records “essentially provide[d] no useful information.” R. 370.

7

alleged ambiguity. But the simple fact remains—counsel was unable to get this clarification
despite making multiple requests for one. It is not clear why Dr. Schwartz’s office refused to
provide one. Perhaps they were too busy, but another possible—and reasonable and most
likely—inference is that they did not believe that the earlier opinion needed clarification.
Plaintiff’s theory about the allegedly limited scope of the opinion is not supported by any
contextual statements from the treatment records. The notes from the last visit indicate that
plaintiff believed that her surgery resulted in “significant improvement.” 5 This statement flatly
contradicts her later hearing testimony that the surgery worsened her hand problems. In sum, the
Court cannot fault the ALJ for not explicitly addressing counsel’s theory that the medical opinion
should have been construed in a manner contrary to its plain language, which was that plaintiff
could return to work with no restrictions. Obviously, the Court and the ALJ cannot ignore
evidence simply because it is devastating to plaintiff’s case, and plaintiff’s counsel should know
this. Poremba v. Colvin, No. 11 CV 50091, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 73, *49 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 2,
2014); see Liar, Liar https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119528/characters/nm0076251.
This leads to plaintiff’s third and somewhat novel argument relating to the photographs
submitted to the Appeals Council. Plaintiff asserts that these photographs demonstrate that her
hand was (in her words) “severely and obviously disfigured.” Dkt. #15 at 10. Essentially, this is
an eyeball test. Plaintiff is asserting that any person (layperson or doctor), after viewing these
photographs, would conclude that she could not use her left hand to do light work. 6 The
implication is that a photograph can trump the other medical evidence and opinions. This is a
type of a res ipsa loquitur argument. At the outset, the argument is silly because it strangely

5

The only complaints she made at this visit were that she had some pain in her fingers during the cold weather and
when her hand was touched or bumped. R. 342.
6
The specific occupations identified by the vocational expert were housekeeper, packer, and small parts assembler.
It also should be noted that plaintiff’s left hand was her dominant hand.

8

presumes that photographs of the hand are more probative than the video image of the hand that
the ALJ observed at the hearing. Whether by photographs or video conferencing, the ALJ saw
plaintiff’s hand. Why the former would be more probative is left unsaid, probably because
nothing could be said. Additionally, the Court is not persuaded by it for two primary reasons.
First, as a procedural matter, plaintiff faces the obvious question of why counsel did not
submit the evidence earlier. The initial black and white photographs were submitted only after
the ALJ’s decision, and the better color photographs were submitted only after the Appeals
Council’s decision. In each instance, plaintiff came forward with this evidence only after
receiving an adverse decision. This raises a concern about sandbagging. Plaintiff has explained
that the photographs were not submitted earlier because counsel believed that “the ALJ could
presumably see plaintiff’s hand on the video screen at the hearing.” Dkt. #15 at 12 (emphasis
added). But plaintiff offers no evidence to support the implied argument that there are grounds to
now doubt the assumption that the ALJ could adequately see plaintiff’s hand through the
videoconferencing system. Plaintiff held up her hand twice during the hearing for visual
inspection. The ALJ gave no indication that he was having trouble viewing plaintiff’s hand, and
counsel likewise did not raise any doubts about whether this viewing process was adequate. It is
thus not clear that the current photographs would provide the ALJ with a different or materially
better “picture” than the one he saw through the videoconferencing.
Second, on a more substantive level, plaintiff’s argument-by-picture raises a number of
concerns, one of which is whether it improperly requires the ALJ (as well as this Court) to
engage in an awkward layperson analysis. Even accepting plaintiff’s premise that her hand is
generally “disfigured,” this does not answer the specific question of whether she would still able
to do certain work tasks with this hand. Even more precisely, the issue is whether an ALJ could

9

rely on this type of evidence to essentially to overrule (or at least raise doubts about) the opinion
of a treating physician. Plaintiff has not cited to case law authorizing this type of approach. It is
important to remember that Dr. Schwartz and Cory Belnap saw plaintiff multiple times,
performed strength and flexibility tests, and reviewed x-rays and MRIs, among other things. In
short, no one could question that they got many up-close “pictures” of plaintiff’s hand. Their
opinion was based on all of the evidence—visual and otherwise. It is hard to believe that they
would change their opinion based on these new photographs. And finally, ultimately, the
argument is meritless. A slightly deformed hand does not result in a disability finding. Indeed,
tellingly, a missing arm – even the dominant arm – does not. See Jensen v. Colvin No. 10 CV
50312, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13542, *31-32 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 22, 2013) (possessing only one
arm, even a non-dominant arm, does not by itself make a person disabled) citing Jones v.
Shalala, 10 F. 3d 522, 526 (7th Cir. 1993) (“Claimants with the use of only one arm are not
automatically entitled to disability benefits.”). So, if missing an entire dominant arm does not
necessarily result in a disability finding, a slightly deformed hand at the end of a functioning arm
will not. For all these reasons, the Court finds that plaintiff’s photographs, even putting aside
their late submission, cannot be used to support a remand given that the ALJ relied on the
opinion of a treating physician and that, as discussed above, plaintiff has not raised sufficient
evidence to question the ALJ’s reliance on that opinion.
CONCLUSION
For all the above reasons, plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment is denied, the
Government’s motion is granted, and the ALJ’s decision is affirmed.

Date: January 29, 2019

By:

10

___________________________
Iain D. Johnston
United States Magistrate Judge