Claeyssen v. Kijakazi, Acting Commissioner of the Social Security Administration

Filing 25

MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order: For the reasons set forth in the attached Opinion, Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is denied, and the Commissioner's motion is granted. The decision of the Commissioner is affirmed. Civil case terminated. Signed by the Honorable Margaret J. Schneider on 10/24/2024. Mailed notice. (jxk)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
WESTERN DIVISION
Amber C.,
Plaintiff,
v.
Martin O’Malley,
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

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Case No.: 23-cv-50302
Magistrate Judge Margaret J. Schneider

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Amber C. (“Plaintiff”) seeks review of the final decision of the Commissioner of the Social
Security Administration (“Commissioner”) denying her disability benefits. The parties have filed
cross motions for summary judgment [19, 22]. For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiff’s motion
for summary judgment is denied and the Commissioner’s motion for summary judgment is
granted. The final decision of the Commissioner denying benefits is affirmed.
BACKGROUND
A. Procedural History
Plaintiff protectively filed for supplemental security income and/or disability insurance
benefits on July 22, 2021. R. 112. This application alleged a disability beginning on July 1, 2016.
Id. The Commissioner denied her application on March 24, 2022, and upon reconsideration on
September 15, 2022. Id.; R. 123. Plaintiff filed a request for a hearing on October 3, 2022. R. 185.
On January 24, 2023, a hearing was held by Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) Lovert F. Bassett
where Plaintiff appeared and testified. R. 15. Plaintiff was represented by counsel and Leslie Freels
Lloyd, an impartial vocational expert, also appeared and testified. Id.
On February 2, 2023, the ALJ issued his written opinion denying Plaintiff’s claim for
supplemental security income and disability insurance benefits. R. 15-23. On February 2, 2023,
Plaintiff appealed the decision to the Appeals Council, which was denied, making the ALJ’s
decision final. R. 1-3. Plaintiff now seeks judicial review of the ALJ’s decision, which stands as
the final decision of the Commissioner. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Schmidt v. Astrue, 496 F.3d 833,
841 (7th Cir. 2007). The parties have consented to the jurisdiction of this Court. See 28 U.S.C. §
636(c); [6]. Now before the Court are Plaintiff’s opening brief [19], the Commissioner’s motion
for summary judgment and response to Plaintiff’s brief [22], and Plaintiff’s reply [23].

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B. The ALJ’s Decision
In his ruling, the ALJ applied the statutorily required five-step analysis to determine
whether Plaintiff was disabled under the Social Security Act. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). At
step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful employment since the
amended alleged onset date of July 1, 2019. R. 17. At step two, the ALJ found Plaintiff had the
following severe impairments: factor V Leiden mutation, asthma, obesity, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Id. The ALJ found that these
impairments significantly limited Plaintiff’s ability to perform basic work activities. R. 18. At step
three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that
met or medically equaled the severity of an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpart P,
Appendix 1. Id.
Before step four, the ALJ found Plaintiff had a residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to
perform light work with the following restrictions: no climbing ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; no
exposure to pulmonary irritants; no exposure to unprotected heights or dangerous moving
machinery; no more than a few changes in a routine work setting; occasional interaction with
coworkers and supervisors; and no participation in any collaborative joint projects or engagement
with the public. R. 19. At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has no past relevant work. R. 22.
At step five, the ALJ found that, in reliance on the VE’s testimony, there are jobs that exist in
significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff can perform. Id. Therefore, the ALJ
concluded that Plaintiff was not disabled under the Social Security Act at any time from July 1,
2019, through the date of the decision, February 2, 2023.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The reviewing court evaluates the ALJ’s determination to establish whether it is supported
by “substantial evidence,” meaning “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as
adequate to support a conclusion.” Moore v. Colvin, 743 F.3d 1118, 1120-21 (7th Cir. 2014)
(quoting Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). While substantial evidence is “more
than a mere scintilla, . . . the threshold for such evidentiary sufficiency is not high.” Biestek v.
Berryhill, 587 U.S. 97, 103 (2019) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The substantial
evidence standard is satisfied when the ALJ provides “an explanation for how the evidence leads
to their conclusions that is sufficient to allow us, as a reviewing court, to assess the validity of the
agency’s ultimate findings and afford [the appellant] meaningful judicial review.” Warnell v.
O’Malley, 97 F.4th 1050, 1052 (7th Cir. 2024) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). An
ALJ “need not specifically address every piece of evidence, but must provide a logical bridge
between the evidence and [the] conclusions.” Bakke v. Kijakazi, 62 F.4th 1061, 1066 (7th Cir.
2023) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). See also Warnell, 97 F.4th at 1054.
The court will only reverse the decision of the ALJ “if the record compels a contrary
result.” Gedatus v. Saul, 994 F.3d 893, 900 (7th Cir. 2021) (internal quotation marks and citation
omitted). The court is obligated to “review the entire record, but [the court does] not replace the
ALJ’s judgment with [its] own by reconsidering facts, reweighing or resolving conflicts in the
evidence, or deciding questions of credibility. . . . [The court’s] review is limited also to the ALJ’s
rationales; [the court does] not uphold an ALJ’s decision by giving it different ground to stand
upon.” Jeske v. Saul, 955 F.3d 583, 587 (7th Cir. 2020).
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DISCUSSION
Plaintiff challenges the ALJ’s decision on the grounds that (1) the ALJ’s Paragraph B
conclusions were not supported by substantial evidence; (2) the ALJ erred in his assessment of
Plaintiff’s subjective symptoms; and (3) the ALJ cherry-picked evidence to support his rejection.
As detailed below, the Court finds that none of these arguments warrant a remand and, therefore,
the Commissioner’s decision is affirmed.
A. Paragraph B conclusions
Plaintiff first questions the evidentiary support for the ALJ’s Paragraph B conclusions. Pl.’s
Mot. at 4. Specifically, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ adopted the state agency consultant’s findings
without performing a proper analysis of his own. Id. She also argues that the ALJ relied too heavily
on positive factors such as her appearance during her intake phone call and her ability to do simple
chores while inadequately considering opinions from Plaintiff’s counselor and consultative
examiner that contradicted his Paragraph B conclusions. Id. at 5-8.
When completing evaluations of mental listings, the ALJ works within the Paragraph B
framework, which considers a claimant’s impairments in four broad areas of mental function: (1)
understanding, remembering, or applying information; (2) interacting with others; (3)
concentrating, persisting, or maintaining pace; and (4) adapting or managing oneself. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520a(c)(3). In considering these Paragraph B criteria, the ALJ must evaluate the claimant’s
function in each of these categories on the following five-point scale in increasing order of
intensity: none, mild, moderate, marked, and extreme. Id. at § 404.1520a(c)(4). To satisfy the
paragraph B criteria and meet a listing, Plaintiff must show an extreme limitation of one, or marked
limitation of two, of the criteria. 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 12.00(A)(2)(b). A claimant
has a mild limitation if their functioning in the area is slightly limited on a sustained basis, a
moderate limitation if their functioning is fair, a marked limitation if they are seriously limited,
and an extreme limitation if they are not able to function in the area on a sustained basis. Id. at
12.00(F)(2).
In this case, at step three the ALJ analyzed Listings 12.04 (depressive, bipolar, and related
disorders), 12.06 (anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders), and 12.15 (trauma and stressor
related disorders) and found that Plaintiff did not meet these listings because she did not satisfy
the paragraph B criteria. R. 18. The ALJ found that Plaintiff was moderately limited regarding
concentrating, persisting or maintaining pace and only mildly limited in the remaining three areas.
R. 18-19. These findings were fully consistent with the findings of the state agency psychological
consultants. R. 106, 128.
Plaintiff argues, however, that the ALJ should have given more weight to the opinion of
Frances Versoza, QMHP, Plaintiff’s therapist, who opined that Plaintiff’s “symptoms have caused
her to have limited functioning while at work” and “greatly impact[] her overall functioning.” R.
803. While she did not opine as to Plaintiff’s functional levels in each specific category, she did
conclude that Plaintiff “would benefit from receiving SSDI benefits.” Id.
In examining a medical opinion, the ALJ must “explain how [the ALJ] considered
supportability and consistency factors” and may explain the ALJ’s consideration of the remaining
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factors: relationship with claimant, specialization, and “other factors that tend to support or
contradict” the opinion. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920c(b)(2)-(c)(5). The required factors, supportability and
consistency, are defined as follows:
(1) Supportability. The more relevant the objective medical evidence and
supporting explanations presented by a medical source are to support
his or her medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical
finding(s), the more persuasive the medical opinions or prior
administrative medical finding(s) will be.
(2) Consistency. The more consistent a medical opinion(s) or prior
administrative medical finding(s) is with the evidence from other
medical sources and nonmedical sources in the claim, the more
persuasive the medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical
finding(s) will be.
Id. § 416.920c(c)(1)-(2). Here, the ALJ applied the appropriate factors and properly evaluated Ms.
Verzosa’s opinions when concluding her opinion was not persuasive...
When evaluating Ms. Verzosa’s opinion, the ALJ provided the following explanation:
The opinions of Fran Verzosa, QMHP are not persuasive. Ms. Verzosa
gave no specific functional limitations. Her opinions also appear to be
based primarily on the claimant’s subjective reports rather than objective
findings. As noted, above, the claimant’s mental examinations have often
been normal, especially when properly medicated. Furthermore, Ms.
Verzosa makes an ultimate conclusion on an issue reserved for the
Commissioner.
R. 22 (citations omitted). The ALJ evaluated the supportability of Ms. Verzosa’s opinions when
he noted that they were based on subjective reports instead of objective findings. He also evaluated
the consistency of her opinions by pointing to other evidence in the record that contradicted her
opinions. Accordingly, the ALJ properly considered these factors and found Ms. Verzosa’s
opinions to be unpersuasive.
Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ failed to consider the psychological consultative
examiner’s opinion and instead, adopted the opinions of the state agency consultants without
providing sufficient analysis of his own. Pl.’s Mot. at 4-6. The findings of the consultants may be
found to be less useful than other examiners’ findings, but they are still medical evidence that
“cannot just be ignored.” Varga v. Colvin, 794 F.3d 809. As such, an ALJ should take the findings
of the state agency consultants into consideration but, as with all other medical evidence, must
build a bridge between the opinions and the ALJ’s ultimate conclusions. Butler v. Kijakazi, 4 F.4th
498, 501 (7th Cir. 2021).
Although the ALJ’s paragraph B conclusions align with the findings of the state agency
consultants, the ALJ supported his decision with an analysis of the whole record as discussed
below. R. 18-19, 106, 128. He cited the psychological consultative examiner’s opinion multiple
times both in his Paragraph B evaluations and his analysis of Plaintiff’s subjective symptom
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analysis. R. 18-19, 21. The ALJ also did not ignore any entire lines of evidence. See Combs v.
Kijakazi, 69 F.4th 428, 435 (7th Cir. 2023). Nonetheless, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ did not build
a logical bridge from the evidence in the record to his paragraph B conclusions. Pl.’s Mot. at 4.
While an ALJ must create a logical bridge between the record and his paragraph B conclusions,
this does not require the ALJ to address every piece of evidence but rather enough “evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support” his conclusion. Butler, 4 F.4th at 501
(quoting Varga, 794 F.3d at 813). In making these assessments, the ALJ should consider “all
relevant evidence” through a “complex and highly individualized process.” 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520a(c)(1).
At the outset, the Court notes that many of Plaintiff's objections to the ALJ’s Paragraph B
conclusions are simply invitations to reweigh the evidence which this Court cannot do. See
Gedatus, 994 F.3d at 900 (“We will not reweigh the evidence… or substitute our judgment for the
ALJ’s determination so long as substantial evidence supports it.”). Despite this, the Court will look
at the evaluation of each of the paragraph B criteria in turn.
i.

Understanding, remembering or applying information

The ALJ found that Plaintiff was only mildly limited in this category. He noted that
Plaintiff’s memory is intact, she follows instructions well, and she had no problems understanding
during her initial phone interview with the field office. R. 18. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s finding
in this category improperly conflicted with the consultative examiner’s opinion that she had a
moderate impairment in her immediate memory. R. 493. While the ALJ is required to take this
opinion into consideration within his analysis of the record, he is not required to adopt it if he
provides sufficient contradictory evidence. Spicher v. Berryhill, 898 F.3d 754, 757-758 (7th Cir.
2018). Here, the ALJ acknowledges the consultative examiner’s opinion but considered all the
contradictory categories of information outlined above which adequately supports the ALJ’s
conclusion of a mild limitation.
ii.

Interacting with others

The ALJ found that Plaintiff had only a mild limitation in this category. The ALJ stated
the evidence indicated that:
[Plaintiff] has routinely been cooperative, polite, and engaging. The
claimant also has no problems getting along with others. She is able to go
out alone, shop in stores, and use public transportation. Further, during her
initial telephone interview with the field office, the claimant was noted to
be friendly and cooperative.
R. 19 (citations omitted).
Plaintiff argues that this analysis “ignores the variability of mental illness” by heavily
relying on her friendly demeanor in her initial phone interview and ignoring records that show a
difficulty interacting with others. Pl.’s Mot. at 5, 7. Plaintiff specifically points to therapy records
describing her “feelings of frustration” with “customers being rude to her.” Id. at 7 (citing R. 435).

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While the ALJ did take the initial phone call into consideration, this was but one of several
pieces of evidence used to make this determination, as quoted above. R. 19. Also, the ALJ did
reference the therapy records and took them into consideration but ultimately found that the
entirety of these records showed Plaintiff “had no problem getting along with others.” Id. A failure
to address the specific line in the therapy records that Plaintiff refers to is not a reversible error
because “the ALJ did not ignore an entire line of evidence that supported a finding of disability”
but adequately discussed the evidence. See Deborah M. v. Saul, 994 F.3d 785, 788-789 (7th Cir.
2021) (citing Jones v. Astrue, 623 F.3d 1155, 1162 (7th Cir. 2010)).
iii.

Concentrating, persisting or maintaining pace

In this category, the ALJ assessed a moderate limitation. The ALJ noted Plaintiff’s claim
of a shorter attention span and inability to finish things she started but also referenced her normal
attention span and concentration which was demonstrated often in her therapy notes. R. 19. As an
additional piece of evidence, the ALJ pointed to Plaintiff’s apparent ability to concentrate in her
initial phone interview. R. 19.
Plaintiff argues that, once again, the ALJ improperly relied on her concentration during the
initial phone interview in making this determination. Pl.’s Mot. at 5. However, demonstrated by
the multiple therapy notes cited by the ALJ, the ALJ took other pieces of evidence into
consideration, providing adequate support for his moderate assessment in this category.
iv.

Adapting or managing oneself

Finally, the ALJ assessed a mild limitation in this category. Citing to Plaintiff’s own
function report as well as multiple therapy notes, the ALJ supported his determination with this
analysis:
[Plaintiff] claims she does not handle stress or changes in routine well.
The claimant also allegedly needs reminders to take care of her personal
needs and grooming. However, she has no problems with personal care.
She also does not need help or reminders to take her medicine. Further,
the claimant is able to prepare at least simple meals and perform household
chores. She has also displayed fair to normal judgment and insight.
R. 19 (citations omitted).
Plaintiff once again argues that the ALJ improperly weighed the evidence. Pl.’s Mot. at 6;
Pl.’s Reply at 2-3. Specifically, Plaintiff argues that her ability to perform household chores “does
not negate the serious impact” of her mental impairments and points to her counselor’s notes as
supporting evidence. Pl.’s Mot. at 6 (citing Meuser v. Colvin, 838 F.3d 905, 913 (7th Cir. 2016).
An ALJ cannot infer a claimant’s ability to work “from [the] ability to perform simple
household chores” alone. Price v. Colvin, 794 F.3d 836, 840 (7th Cir. 2015). However, this ability
to do basic chores can be used to contradict a paragraph B finding of marked or extreme limits.
Gladney v. Saul, 857 Fed. App’x 235, 239 (7th Cir. 2021). Here, the ALJ admittedly used
Plaintiff’s ability to do basic chores as evidence of her ability to adapt and manage herself but did
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so with additional evidence and ultimately found a mild limitation. He even referenced Plaintiff’s
own function report which describes her ability to “prepare at least simple meals and perform
household chores.” R. 19. As with the preceding three categories, the ALJ provided adequate
support to build a logical bridge from the evidence to his determination in this category as required.
B. Subjective symptoms analysis
Plaintiff also challenges the ALJ’s evaluation of her subjective symptoms as lacking
support. Pl.’s Mot. at 9. However, Plaintiff provides no argument that shows the ALJ’s evaluation
to be patently wrong.
When assessing a claimant's subjective symptom allegations, an ALJ considers several
factors, including the objective medical evidence, the claimant's daily activities, her level of pain
or symptoms, aggravating factors, medication, course of treatment, and functional limitations. 20
C.F.R. § 404.1529(c); SSR 16-3p, 2017 WL 5180304, at *5–8. “As long as an ALJ gives specific
reasons supported by the record, [the Court] will not overturn a credibility determination unless it
is patently wrong.” Grotts v. Kijakazi, 27 F.4th 1273, 1279 (7th Cir. 2022). An ALJ's assessment
is patently wrong if the decision lacks any explanation or support. Cullinan v. Berryhill, 878 F.3d
598, 603 (7th Cir. 2017). Not all the ALJ's reasons must be valid in a subjective symptom analysis,
“as long as enough of them are.” Halsell v. Astrue, 357 F. App'x 717, 722 (7th Cir. 2009)
(unpublished) (emphasis in original). Here, the ALJ’s evaluation of Plaintiff’s symptoms was
adequately supported with evidence and explanation. The ALJ discussed Plaintiff's testimony that
her anxiety limits her ability to work but found that the record indicated that her symptoms were
not as disabling as alleged.
Nevertheless, Plaintiff faults the ALJ for discrediting her subjective symptoms because the
limitations she described in her function report, “if accepted by the ALJ, would have reasonably
impacted the plaintiff’s ability to do full time work.” Pl.’s Mot. at 9. In reference to Plaintiff’s
claim that she is easily overwhelmed, the ALJ pointed to her calm and appropriate demeanor
evidenced in the notes from her counselor and consultative examiner. R. 21. Citing these same
pieces of evidence, the ALJ noted that she is often alert and oriented, contradicting her claim of
difficulty focusing and sleeping. Id. The ALJ also pointed to her routinely normal thought process
and denial of suicidal ideation which was again shown in the notes from her counselor, prescribing
psychiatrist, and consultative examiner. Id.
The ALJ thus appropriately relied on specific reasons supported by the record to justify his
subjective symptoms evaluation. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(3); e.g., Pepper v. Colvin, 712 F.3d
351, 368 (7th Cir. 2013) (upholding credibility determination that discussed claimant’s symptoms,
social activities, medication, other treatment, and medical opinions). Moreover, the ALJ did not
completely discount Plaintiff's subjective symptoms but rather instituted RFC limitations to
address the symptoms he did fine supported by the record. Additionally, Plaintiff’s allegation that
these symptoms “would have reasonably impacted” the ALJ’s findings invites the Court to reweigh
the evidence, which the Court cannot do. Grotts, 27 F.4th at 1279 (“When [the plaintiff] criticizes
the ALJ’s analysis of her daily functioning, her good and bad days, and her pain, she is . . . inviting
us to reweigh the evidence.”).

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Again, not all the ALJ’s reasons must be valid in a subjective symptom analysis, as long
as enough of them are and here, enough of them are. The ALJ sufficiently evaluated Plaintiff’s
subjective symptoms related to her mental impairments and included limitations supported by the
record. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(4) (stating that the ALJ is empowered to determine whether
a claimant’s subjective complaints are supported by medical evidence and, if not, the ALJ may
discount the claimed degree and severity of the alleged symptoms). Accordingly, the ALJ’s
subjective symptom analysis is not patently wrong, and thus, a remand is not warranted on this
basis.
C. Cherry-picking evidence
Finally, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ improperly cherry-picked from the record when
determining her RFC. Plaintiff faults the ALJ for relying on “a few normal mental status
examination[s]” instead of her “significant anxiety and/or depression on the majority of her
examinations.” Pl.’s Reply at 5. In particular, Plaintiff points to the consultative examiner’s finding
of severe anxiety and PTSD diagnoses after “just 48 minutes interviewing” her. Pl.’s Mot. at 10.
An ALJ “cannot simply cherry-pick facts that support a finding of non-disability while
ignoring evidence that points to a disability finding. But an ALJ need not mention every piece of
evidence, so long [as] he builds a logical bridge from the evidence to his conclusion.” Denton v.
Astrue, 596 F.3d 419, 425 (7th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (citations omitted). Moreover, an ALJ does
not engage in impermissible cherry-picking when he “specifically addresse[s] all the evidence that
[Plaintiff] points out” but “d[oes] not assign the significance to it that [Plaintiff] prefers.” Id. at
426. Ultimately, this means that the ALJ needs to provide adequate evidence to support his
decision and must also explain why evidence that is contradictory to his findings is not persuasive.
Bakke, 62 F.4th at 1067.
Here, the ALJ specifically addressed Plaintiff’s anxiety and depression as evidenced by
Plaintiff’s progress notes from her counselor and the consultative examination. R. 21. However,
he continued his analysis and found that other evidence of her “calm and appropriate mood” and
“routinely…normal thought process” was more persuasive. Id. Although Plaintiff may not agree
with the significance the ALJ assigned to these mixed findings, she “cannot prevail” on a claim of
cherry-picking “by arguing that the ALJ improperly weighed the evidence.” Reinaas v. Saul, 953
F.3d 461, 466 (7th Cir. 2020). Therefore, a remand is not warranted on this basis.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment [19] is denied, and the
Commissioner’s motion for summary judgment [22] is granted. The Commissioner’s decision is
affirmed. Final judgment will be entered accordingly.

Date: October 24, 2024

Enter: ____________________________
United States Magistrate Judge

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