Munson v. Overall et al
Filing
140
ORDER GRANTING 109 Motion for Summary Judgment. Summary Judgment is GRANTED to Defendants Steven Newbold, M.D. and Wexford Health Sources, Inc. This matter is DISMISSED with prejudice. The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to enter judgment. Signed by Magistrate Judge Mark A. Beatty on 11/24/20. (klh2)
Case 3:17-cv-01277-MAB Document 140 Filed 11/24/20 Page 1 of 19 Page ID #1179
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
JAMES MUNSON,
Plaintiff,
vs.
STEVEN NEWBOLD and
WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES, INC.,
Defendants.
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Case No. 3:17-CV-1277-MAB
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
BEATTY, Magistrate Judge:
Pending before the Court is a Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 109) filed by
Defendants Steven Newbold, M.D. (“Dr. Newbold”) and Wexford Health Sources, Inc.
(“Wexford”). For the reasons set forth below, the Court will grant the motion and this
action will be dismissed with prejudice.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
This action stems from dental treatment given to Plaintiff James Munson by
Defendants while Munson was an inmate incarcerated at Menard Correctional Center, a
facility operated by the Illinois Department of Corrections (“IDOC”).
Munson filed this action in November 2017 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Doc. 1).
Upon screening by this Court, Munson was allowed to proceed on two counts: (1) that
Wexford and Doctors Overall, Henderson, Newbold, and Litherland were deliberately
indifferent to his serious dental needs and pain in violation of the Eighth Amendment,
and (2) that Dr. Litherland retaliated against Munson for the filing of grievances in
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violation of the First Amendment (Doc. 1; Doc. 12). Defendants moved for summary
judgment on the basis of administrative exhaustion in August 2018 (Docs. 58, 62), and it
was granted as to Doctors Overall, Henderson, and Litherland, leaving Munson
proceeding solely on the basis of Count 1 against Wexford and Dr. Newbold (Docs. 86,
93).
Dr. Newbold and Wexford then filed the instant motion for summary judgment
on the merits of Munson’s claim on December 12, 2019 (Doc. 109). At the behest of the
Court, Defendants filed an additional exhibit that contained a typed transcription of the
handwritten
portions
of
the
dental
records
and
an
explanation
of
any
abbreviations/shorthand used in the dental records (Doc. 117; see also Doc. 115). Munson
filed a response in opposition to the motion for summary judgment on April 8, 2020 (Doc.
120),1 and Dr. Newbold and Wexford replied on May 19, 2020 (Docs. 127, 128).
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Munson has been incarcerated since 1991 and was housed at Menard between 2003
and 2017. Wexford has a contract with IDOC to provide dental and medical services to
inmates at IDOC facilities, including Menard.
On November 15, 2010, Munson saw Dr. Lilian Overall, a dentist employed by
Wexford, at Menard (Doc. 110-2, pp. 1–2; Doc. 110-3, pp. 3–4; Doc. 117, pp. 1–2). Munson
complained of sensitivity in his upper left tooth #13 and upper right tooth number #3
from cold air, and Dr. Overall applied Duraflor to the teeth. Duraflor is a fluoride varnish
1
An unsealed, redacted version of Munson’s response is at Doc. 137.
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use to treat dental hypersensitivity (Doc. 110-2, p. 2). Applying a desensitizing gel or
fluoride varnish to a sensitive tooth or teeth is generally not a permanent cure for dental
sensitivity. It only provides temporary relief and is considered palliative treatment.
Munson testified that Dr. Overall told him the sensitivity was likely caused by his
partial dentures, which he indicated were made at Pontiac Correctional Center in 1995
(Doc. 110-1, pp. 13–15, 28). He further testified that Dr. Overall had him fitted for dentures
but then later told him that Wexford would not pay for new dentures. Munson’s dental
records, however, do not provide any indication that he was fitted for new dentures (Doc.
110-2, p. 2; see Doc. 110-3).
On November 22, 2010, dental x-rays were taken of Munson’s teeth (Doc. 110-2, p.
2; Doc. 110-3, p. 4; Doc. 117, p. 2). Dr. Overall noted that Munson requested partial
dentures, that he had existing partial dentures (made in “1995”), and she added Munson
to the “O3x1” list for impressions/dentures/partial.
Munson was not seen again until May 2011, when he reported to the clinic to
request partial dentures again (Doc. 110-2, p. 2; Doc. 110-3 at p. 4; Doc. 117, p. 2).
However, Munson’s co-payment form was destroyed, which the Court presumes to mean
that Munson was not seen. Dr. Overall informed him that he was on the “AOL O3” list
for impressions/dentures/partials.
On April 5, 2012, Dr. Harry Henderson saw Munson for his “evaluation for
impressions/dentures/partials and noted that Munson was not a candidate for partial
dentures at that time as he had adequate occlusion (Doc. 110-2, p. 3; Doc. 110-3, p. 4; Doc.
117, p. 2).
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In July 2012, Munson was seen by Dr. Overall again for his biannual dental exam
(Doc. 110-2, p. 3; Doc. 110-3, p. 4). Dr. Overall noted that Munson requested sensitivity
treatment on his molars, and she explained to him that the requested treatment was no
longer available. Dr. Overall recommended that Munson purchase Sensodyne
toothpaste, which was available in the Menard commissary. Sensodyne is a sensitivity
toothpaste which offers patients relief from tooth sensitivity with twice daily brushing
(Doc. 110-2, p. 3). Munson testified that he purchased Sensodyne toothpaste when he
could afford it (Doc. 110-1, 17).
Munson was not seen again until April 2014, when he was seen as a walk-in by
Dr. Harry Henderson regarding a broken tooth (Doc. 110-2, pp. 3–4; Doc. 110-3, p. 4; Doc.
117, p. 2). Dr. Henderson noted that tooth #4 had fractured enamel and deep decay into
the pulpal portion of the tooth. Tooth #3 also had fractured enamel, decay, and a failed
restoration. Dr. Henderson discussed treatment benefits, alternatives, risks, and
consequences of no treatment with Munson. After Dr. Henderson explained to Munson
that he did not qualify for partial dentures because he was not missing two side-by-side
teeth, Munson consented to extraction of tooth #4, and the tooth was extracted that day.
Dr. Henderson noted to schedule Munson for evaluation of tooth #3 if Munson wrote for
treatment. Munson testified that he also requested treatment for tooth sensitivity from
Dr. Henderson and was again advised to buy Sensodyne (Doc. 110-1, p. 20). Munson
further recalled that he was told by Dr. Henderson he needed to have three teeth missing
before he could be provided with partial dentures. Indeed, IDOC Administrative
Directive 04.03.102 (as amended in January 2012) provides that if a posterior tooth
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(meaning a tooth in the rear; a molar or a pre-molar, not the front teeth or canine teeth) is
extracted during incarceration, a prosthetic may be fabricated but is not mandated unless
three or more of the missing teeth are required for mastication (Doc. 110-4, p. 3).
Munson was scheduled to be seen for his bi-annual exam on July 14, 2014, but it
had to be rescheduled due to a lockdown (Doc. 110-2, p. 4; Doc. 110-3, p. 10). It was also
noted that Munson should be scheduled for treatment of tooth #3.
Munson indicated that on July 15, 2014, he wrote a letter to Dr. Steven Newbold,2
the chief dentist at Menard, complaining that he was in pain and still needed treatment
for tooth #3 but Dr. Henderson was not responding to his letters or scheduling him for
the treatment (Doc. 1-2, pp. 45–47, 52–54, 56–57; Doc. 110-1, pp. 20–21, 22, 26). Munson
states that he placed the letter “in the cell bars” and a shift officer picked it up. For his
part, Dr. Newbold does not recall receiving this letter, and he did not make a note in
Munson’s dental chart that a letter was received, which was his custom and practice (Doc.
110-2, pp. 4-6; see Doc. 110-3). Munson was unable to definitely say whether Dr. Newbold
received the letter (Doc. 110-1, p. 21).
Munson was scheduled to be seen for his bi-annual exam and for treatment of
tooth #3 on July 21st and again on July 28th, but both appointments had to be rescheduled
due to a lockdown (Doc. 110-2, p. 4; Doc. 110-3, p. 10). Munson was finally able to have
his appointment with Dr. Henderson on August 5th (Doc. 110-2, p. 5; Doc. 110-3, pp. 7,
Dr. Newbold was employed by Wexford as the Chief Dentist at Menard Correctional Center from March
1, 2012 to March 31, 2018 (Doc. 110-2, p. 1).
2
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10). Dr. Henderson noted Munson’s teeth were class IIIA and IIIB, which means there are
medium to large non-painful carious lesions (class IIIA) and localized gingival
involvement (class IIIB). Dr. Henderson examined tooth #3 and discussed treatment
benefits, alternatives, risks, and consequences of no treatment with Munson. Munson
signed a consent form for Dr. Henderson to evaluate and treat tooth #3 as needed. Dr.
Henderson prepped Munson for treatment of tooth #3 and numbed his mouth but then
Munson left before treatment started in order to take a legal call. Munson testified that
he again raised the issue of partial dentures with Dr. Henderson but was told that the
current visit was only for extractions or fillings (Doc. 110-1, p. 21).
Munson indicated he wrote a letter to Dr. Newbold on September 20, 2014,
complaining about his need for treatment for tooth #3 (Doc. 1-2, pp. 45–47, 52–54, 56–57;
Doc. 110-1, pp. 20–21, 22, 26). Munson states that he placed the letter “in the cell bars”
and a shift officer picked it up. Once again, Dr. Newbold does not recall receiving this
letter, and he did not make a note in Munson’s dental chart that a letter was received,
which was his custom and practice (Doc. 110-2, pp. 4-6; see Doc. 110-3). Munson was
unable to definitely say whether Dr. Newbold received the letter (Doc. 110-1, p. 22).
On February 6, 2015, Munson saw Dr. Henderson for his follow-up appointment
for treatment of tooth #3 (Doc. 110-2, p. 5; Doc. 110-3, pp. 8, 10; Doc. 117, p. 3). Dr.
Henderson removed the failing restoration and decay from the tooth and then filled it.
He noted that the tooth should be extracted if problems persisted. Dr. Henderson also
noted that Munson should be scheduled to have tooth #4 added to his partial denture.
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Munson testified that at this appointment he requested desensitizing gel or Sensodyne
but was not given any (Doc. 110-1, p. 25).
Munson indicated that he wrote a letter to Dr. Newbold on May 25, 2016,
complaining about his sensitive tooth #13 and need for partial dentures (Doc. 1-2, pp. 45–
47, 52–54, 56–57; Doc. 110-1, pp. 20–21, 22, 26). Munson states that he personally handed
this letter to Dr. Newbold, although he could not recall when; he testified that it was
sometime between May and August of 2016. Once again, Dr. Newbold does not recall
receiving this letter, and he did not make a note in Munson’s dental chart that a letter was
received, which was his custom and practice (Doc. 110-2, pp. 4-6; see Doc. 110-3).
Nevertheless, Munson was scheduled for an evaluation for partial dentures on
August 25, 2016 (see Doc. 110-3, p. 10), although there is no indication how that
appointment actually came to be. That appointment was the first time Dr. Newbold saw
Munson (Doc. 110-2, p. 6; Doc. 110-3, p. 10; Doc. 117, p. 3). Dr. Newbold evaluated
Munson’s teeth and noted that he had existing partial dentures but was missing tooth #4
and that he complained of sensitivity to tooth #13, which had gingival recession, which
is another way of saying a receding gumline. Dr. Newbold ordered panoral x-rays to
evaluate the condition of Munson’s teeth. He also noted that Munson gave him a letter at
this appointment, but Dr. Newbold explained that he likely did not send a written
response because he knew that he would be seeing Munson for a follow-up appointment
and would speak with him in person then.
The x-rays were taken on September 9th (Doc. 110-3, p. 10). Dr. Newbold reviewed
the x-rays and directed that a follow-up appointment should be scheduled. That
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appointment occurred on September 19th (Doc. 110-2, pp. 6–7; Doc. 110-3, p. 12). Munson
once again complained of pain in tooth #13. Dr. Newbold informed Munson that he could
not give him new partial dentures if it would cause him pain. When a missing tooth is
filled by partial dentures, the dentures need to latch or hook onto the tooth adjacent to
the missing tooth. Because Munson was missing tooth #14, the partial dentures would
need to latch onto tooth #13. But Munson complained of sensitivity to tooth #13.
Therefore, Dr. Newbold did not refer Munson for partial dentures because the dentures
would need to latch onto his painful and sensitive tooth #13. Munson told Dr. Newbold
that he was reluctant to have tooth #13 removed and wanted to think about it. Dr.
Newbold prescribed Munson Ibuprofen 400mg tablets to take three times a day for ten
days as needed for pain. Munson was instructed to write when he wanted treatment.
Munson testified that Dr. Newbold told him that he would be called back to have tooth
#13 extracted when he wrote and requested it (Doc. 110-1, p. 27). The September 2016
appointment was Dr. Newbold’s last appointment with Munson (Doc. 110-2, p. 7).
According to Dr. Newbold, Munson did not write for any treatment for tooth #13
or make any other requests for treatment until he was transferred out of Menard (Doc.
110-2, p. 7). However, Munson testified that he sent two letters to Dr. Newbold around
November or December 2016, but he did not recall whether or not he received any
response (Doc. 110-1, p. 29; see also Doc. 1-2, pp. 58–62). Letters attached to the complaint
include a letter to Dr. Newbold dated November 15, 2016, in which Munson asked for
“some kind of protection” to place on the sensitive tooth (Doc. 1-2, pp. 59–60). It is clear
he was not asking for the tooth to be extracted (see id.). There is another letter to Dr.
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Newbold dated December 5, 2016 in which Munson mentions a gel that used to be put
on his sensitive tooth and asks Dr. Newbold to “call [him] over” (Id. at pp. 61–62).
A note in the dental chart indicates that Dr. Newbold responded to a letter on
December 22, 2016 (Id.; Doc. 110-2, pp. 7–8; Doc. 110-3, p. 12). This response appears to
be part of a letter from the warden at Menard to Munson dated December 23, 2016, which
indicated that Dr. Newbold had reviewed Munson’s dental records and the letters that
he had sent to the Attorney General’s Office (Doc. 1-1, p. 66). It further indicated that the
sensitivity gel he wanted was not currently available and the tooth had to be removed
prior to the fabrication of a new partial denture but Munson was reluctant to agree to the
removal. Another note in the dental chart indicated that Dr. Newbold responded to a
grievance on February 2, 2017 (Doc. 110-2, p. 7; Doc. 110-3, p. 12; see also Doc. 1-2, pp. 1–
14; Doc. 59-3, p. 4). There is no evidence as to what this response was (see Docs. 110, 137,
127).
By that time, Munson had been approved for a transfer to a medium security
facility (Doc. 59-3, p. 4). And on February 15, 2017, Munson was transferred from Menard
to Lawrence Correctional Center (“Lawrence”) (Doc. 110-2, p. 8). Dr. Mark Litherland
saw Munson on February 24th and examined his teeth (Id.; Doc. 110-3, p. 12). Dr.
Litherland noted that Munson reported that tooth #13 had caused problems for several
years. Upon examination, Dr. Litherland noted that tooth #13 had extreme root exposure,
low lesion to the distal side of the tooth root and was symptomatic. He said the tooth had
questionable prognosis for monitoring the tooth and recommended extraction.
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Dr. Litherland saw Munson again on March 6, 2017 (Doc. 110-2, pp. 8–9; Doc. 1103, p. 12). He noted that the dental x-rays showed tooth #13 had extreme bone loss, had
questionable prognosis due to its sensitivity, and was a poor long-term abutment tooth
to support partial dentures. Due to these circumstances, Dr. Litherland advised extracting
tooth #13 and providing partial dentures to replace all missing teeth.
Prior to this appointment, Munson filed a grievance on February 25, 2017, noting
the grievance filed in January at Menard and again requesting proper dental treatment
(Doc. 1-2, pp. 8-9; Doc. 59-2, pp. 1–4). The grievance was not received or responded to
before Munson’s next appointment with Dr. Litherland on March 6th (see Doc. 59-2, pp.
1, 4; Doc. 110-2, p. 9; Doc. 110-3, p. 12). The prison’s response to the grievance indicated
that tooth extraction and partial dentures were part of Munson’s dental plan and that the
extraction was scheduled (Doc. 59-2, pp. 1, 4).
On March 20, 2017, Dr. Litherland saw Munson for a consultation and advised him
of the plan to extract tooth #13 but noted that Munson was very apprehensive about the
extraction (Doc. 110-2, p. 9; Doc. 110-3, p. 14). Seven days later, Dr. Litherland saw
Munson and again recommended the extraction of tooth #13 (Doc. 110-2, pp. 9–10; Doc.
110-3, pp. 14, 17, 18). Although Munson was apprehensive about the extraction, he signed
the consent form and tooth #13 was removed. Dr. Litherland told Munson that the area
had to heal for three to four months and then he would be evaluated for new partial
dentures.
In August 2017, Dr. Litherland submitted a request for partial dentures, which was
approved (Doc. 110-2, pp. 10–11; Doc. 110-3, p. 14). Partial denture impressions were
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taken on August 18th and Munson received his new partial denture on October 10, 2017.
At a follow-up appointment four days later, Munson complained that he was missing a
tooth in his dentures. Litherland noted that his partial dentures were indeed missing a
tooth and that there might not be sufficient space for that tooth. Dr. Litherland took the
partial and noted that he would evaluate it for possible installation of tooth #2. In
November 2017, Munson was given altered partial dentures with acrylic added to fill the
space of the missing tooth because, as Dr. Litherland noted, the space was insufficient to
install a complete replacement tooth.
Munson has subsequently indicated that the altered dentures still fit poorly and
cause him pain and that he cannot eat while wearing them (Doc. 110-1 at p. 33). He further
claims that he verbally expressed these complaints to Litherland, who did not record
them in his chart (Id. at p. 37).
LEGAL STANDARD
Summary judgment is only appropriate if the movant “shows that there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law.” Spurling v. C & M Fine Pack, Inc., 739 F.3d 1055, 1060 (7th Cir. 2014) (quoting FED.
R. CIV. P. 56(a)). Once the moving party has set forth the basis for summary judgment,
the burden then shifts to the nonmoving party who must go beyond mere allegations and
offer specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of fact for trial. FED. R. CIV. P.
56(e); see Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 232–24 (1986). The nonmoving party must
offer more than “[c]onclusory allegations, unsupported by specific facts,” to establish a
genuine issue of material fact. Payne v. Pauley, 337 F.3d 767, 773 (7th Cir. 2003) (citing
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Lujan v. Nat’l Wildlife Fed’n, 497 U.S. 871, 888 (1990)).
In determining whether a genuine issue of fact exists, the Court must view the
evidence and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the party opposing the motion.
Bennington v. Caterpillar Inc., 275 F.3d 654, 658 (7th Cir. 2001); see also Anderson v. Liberty
Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255 (1986). A “court may not assess the credibility of witnesses,
choose between competing inferences or balance the relative weight of conflicting
evidence[.]” Reid v. Neighborhood Assistance Corp. of America, 749 F.3d 581, 586 (7th Cir.
2014) (quoting Abdullahi v. City of Madison, 423 F.3d 763, 769 (7th Cir. 2005)).
To succeed on a claim based on deliberate indifference in the context of medical
services, an inmate must demonstrate (1) an objectively serious medical need and (2) that
defendants had a subjectively culpable state of mind in acting or failing to act in disregard
of that risk. Roe v. Elyea, 631 F.3d 843, 857 (7th Cir. 2011).
A medical need may be deemed serious if it “has been diagnosed by a physician
as mandating treatment or . . . is so obvious that even a lay person would perceive the
need for a doctor’s attention.” Roe, 631 F.3d at 857 (quoting Greeno v. Daley, 414 F.3d 645,
653 (7th Cir. 2005)). A medical condition “need not be life-threatening to be serious;
rather, it could be a condition that would result in further significant injury or
unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain if not treated.” Roe, 631 F.3d at 857 (quoting
Gayton v. McCoy, 593 F.3d 610, 620 (7th Cir. 2010)).
To establish that prison medical staff acted with a subjectively culpable state of
mind, an inmate need not show that harm was intended, but merely that “defendants
knew of a substantial risk of harm to the inmate and disregarded the risk.” Roe, 631 F.3d
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at 857 (quoting Greeno, 414 F.3d at 653). Medical professionals are entitled to deference
when acting in their professional capacities, and inmates face a heavy burden in bring
claims of deliberate indifference against them. Roe, 631 F.3d at 857 “A medical
professional acting in his professional capacity may be held to have displayed deliberate
indifference only if the decision by the professional is such a substantial departure from
accepted professional judgment, practice, or standards, as to demonstrate that the person
responsible actually did not base the decision on such a judgment.” Id. (quoting Sain v.
Wood, 512 F.3d 886, 894-95 (7th Cir. 2008)). Merely negligent conduct will not rise to this
level—rather, such conduct must reach a level “showing as something approaching a
total unconcern for the prisoner’s welfare in the face of serious risks.” Rosario v. Brawn,
670 F.3d 816, 821-822 (7th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted).
DISCUSSION
A. Dr. Newbold
There appear to be three issues related to Munson’s dental care: the failure to
provide him with sensitivity gel for tooth #13, the delay in receiving treatment for tooth
#3, and the delay in receiving partial dentures. Munson’s argument boils down to an
assertion that (1) all three issues constituted serious medical needs; (2) Dr. Newbold was
aware of these needs from an early date; (3) but contrary to accepted medical judgment,
Dr, Newbold took no action to remedy these needs, thereby exhibiting deliberate
indifference. The Court is skeptical of Munson’s argument and ultimately concludes that
it is on the third point where he has most clearly fallen short.
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With respect to the tooth sensitivity gel, Munson has provided little basis for the
Court to conclude his sensitive tooth constituted a serious medical need or posed any
serious risk to his health or well-being. Tooth sensitivity gel and related products such as
Sensodyne are commonly sold over the counter as a treatment for mild tooth sensitivity.
These products seem akin to other common household medicines used to self-treat minor
ailments—while these products are intended to address cognizable medical complaints,
it’s not clear that the lack of these products rises to the level of being “so obvious that
even a lay person would perceive the need for a doctor's attention.” Greeno, 414 F.3d at
653.
Furthermore, even if the Court assumes that Dr. Newbold knew that Munson
wanted the tooth sensitivity gel, there is simply no evidence that he was deliberately
indifferent to those requests. Munson was consistently told that Wexford no longer
provided gel and he would need to purchase Sensodyne at his own expense. Dr. Newbold
cannot possibly give Munson something he does not have. Moreover, instructing an
inmate to purchase a medical product that is readily available through the prison
commissary, and the inmate has provided no indication the purchase was unaffordable,
does not constitute deliberate indifference. Poole v. Isaacs, 703 F.3d 1024, 1026 (7th Cir.
2012) (It is “now well established” that “the Eighth Amendment does not compel prison
administrators to provide cost-free medical services to inmates who are able to contribute
to the cost of their care.”)
As for the repair of tooth #3, Dr. Henderson noted in April 2014 that Munson was
supposed to write when he was ready for treatment. The evidence demonstrates that
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Munson did not attempt to notify Dr. Newbold of any issue with getting tooth #3
repaired until he wrote him a letter on July 15, 2014. However, Dr. Newbold testified he
did not recall receiving such a letter and there is no evidence from which it can be inferred
that he did. Even if the Court assumes that Dr. Newbold did receive this letter, there is
nothing from which a jury could find he responded with deliberate indifference. At the
time Munson sent the letter, he was already scheduled to have tooth #3 treated but his
appointment had to be postponed due to a lockdown at the prison. Dr. Newbold had no
control over lockdowns. Munson was then seen on August 5th—which was only three
weeks after he purportedly sent the letter to Dr. Newbold. Under these circumstances, no
reasonable jury could conclude that Dr. Newbold was deliberately indifferent up to that
point.
Then at the August 5th appointment, Dr. Henderson had Munson numbed up and
was ready to fill tooth #3 but Munson left the appointment before the dentist could do so
because he wanted to take a legal call. Munson claims he sent another letter to Dr.
Newbold a month and a half later on September 20th asking for treatment for tooth #3.
There is nothing that suggests at that point, Dr. Newbold played any part in the delay in
treatment or even knew about the delay. Rather, the delay was of Munson’s own making.
Any delay after that also cannot be blamed on Dr. Newbold. He once again testified he
did not recall receiving a letter from Munson on or around September 20th and Munson
has no evidence from which it can be inferred that Dr. Newbold actually did receive the
letter. Consequently, no reasonable jury could find Dr. Newbold was deliberately
indifferent with respect to the treatment of Munson’s tooth #3.
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The final issue is Munson’s request for partial dentures. Munson was told in April
2012 that he was not eligible for partial dentures paid for by the IDOC because he had
adequate occlusion. Two years later, he had tooth #4 extracted. It appears at that point
Munson was missing three posterior teeth, but Dr. Henderson told him that he was still
not eligible for partial dentures because none of his missing teeth were side-by-side.3 The
first letter that Munson sent to Dr. Newbold that contained any mention of partial
dentures was the one dated May 25, 2016. But Munson could not recall when he
purportedly handed it to Dr. Newbold. For his part, Dr. Newbold testified that he does
not recall receiving this letter and he did not make a note of receiving any letters in
Munson’s dental chart until he saw him for the first time on August 25, 2016 to evaluate
him for partial dentures.
At the time Dr. Newbold saw Plaintiff on August 25th and September 19th, the
state of Munson’s teeth, specifically the decay of certain teeth that dentures would put
pressure on, meant that certain extractions and other remedial dental work had to be
performed before partial dentures could be fitted. The evidence indicates that Munson
was reluctant to have that remedial work performed and never indicated to Dr. Newbold
that he was willing to have tooth #13 extracted. Munson ultimately consented and in time
received his partial dentures, although this occurred shortly after he had been transferred
out of Menard, when he was no longer in Dr. Newbold’s care. The Court does not dispute
Munson’s claim that there was a significant delay in having teeth added to his existing
3
Whether this was correct is not an issue that is presently before the Court.
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partial denture or receiving a new one. But for much of the delay, there is no evidence
that it could be attributed to Dr. Newbold. Once Dr. Newbold came into the picture, he
recommended a course of treatment that Munson disagreed with and was unwilling to
consent to. In other words, the delay was once again of Munson’s own making and cannot
establish that Dr. Newbold was deliberately indifferent. See Arnett v. Webster, 658 F.3d
742, 754 (7th Cir. 2011) (“[A]n inmate is not entitled to demand specific care and is not
entitled to the best care possible . . . .”); see also Pyles v. Fahim, 771 F.3d 403, 409 (7th Cir.
2014) (“Disagreement between a prisoner and his doctor . . . about the proper course of
treatment generally is insufficient, by itself, to establish an Eighth Amendment
violation.”); Johnson v. Doughty, 433 F.3d 1001, 1013 (7th Cir. 2006) (“Mere dissatisfaction
or disagreement with a doctor's course of treatment is generally insufficient” to establish
deliberate indifference).
Accordingly, the Court must grant summary judgment to Newbold.
B. Wexford
A private corporation acting under the color of state law, like Wexford, can be held
liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations based on the Monell theory of municipal
liability. Glisson v. Indiana Dep't of Corr., 849 F.3d 372, 378–79 (7th Cir. 2017) (en banc).
Under Monell, a plaintiff must show that his constitutional injury was caused by the
corporation’s own actions. Pyles v. Fahim, 771 F.3d 403, 409–10 (7th Cir. 2014) (quoting
Minix v. Canarecci, 597 F.3d 824, 832 (7th Cir.2010)). A corporate action can take the form
of an express policy adopted and promulgated by the corporation, an informal but
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widespread and well-settled practice or custom, or a decision by an official of the
corporation with final policymaking authority. Glisson, 849 F.3d at 379.
Here, Munson invokes the first and second theories and argues that his injuries
were the byproduct of unlawful policies and widespread practices, including its policy
of requiring an inmate to have three teeth missing before providing a partial
plate/dentures, its policy of extracting teeth instead of treating them, and its policy of
refusing to provide inmates with desensitizing gel (Doc. 12, p. 14). Munson further asserts
that each of these policies is a part of Wexford’s practice of favoring cost savings over
proper care (Doc. 12, p. 14).
Munson’s claim against Wexford depends on the individual liability of the
practitioners. In instances like this, the corporation cannot be found liable if the
individual employee is found not to have shown deliberate indifference. Pyles v. Fahim,
771 F.3d 403, 412 (7th Cir. 2014) (citing City of Los Angeles v. Heller, 475 U.S. 796, 799 (1986)).
The Court has determined that no reasonable jury could find that Dr. Newbold
was deliberately indifferent. And he made no specific argument as to any of the other
dentists (see Doc. 137). Consequently, the Court must enter summary judgment for
Wexford as well.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, the Court GRANTS summary judgment to all
Defendants and DISMISSES this action with prejudice.
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED: November 24, 2020
s/ Mark A. Beatty
MARK A. BEATTY
United States Magistrate Judge
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