Soga Jr v. Commissioner of Social Security
Filing
28
OPINION AND ORDER DENYING relief sought in the Plaintiffs Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment [DE 17]; The Court DIRECTS the Clerk of Court to ENTER JUDGMENT in favor of Defendant Commissioner of Social Security and against Plaintiff, Richard W. Soga Jr. ***Civil Case Terminated. Signed by Magistrate Judge Paul R Cherry on 9/28/16. (mlc)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
HAMMOND DIVISION
RICHARD WAYNE SOGA JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
CAROLYN W. COLVIN,
Acting Commissioner of the
Social Security Administration,
Defendant.
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CAUSE NO.: 2:15-CV-215-PRC
OPINION AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on a Complaint [DE 1], filed by Plaintiff Richard Wayne
Soga Jr. on June 4, 2015, and a Plaintiff’s Brief in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment [DE
17], filed by Plaintiff on September 23, 2015. Plaintiff requests that the May 7, 2013 decision of the
Administrative Law Judge denying his claim for disability insurance benefits and supplemental
security income be reversed and remanded for further proceedings. On January 4, 2016, the
Commissioner filed a response, and Plaintiff filed a reply on February 3, 2016. For the following
reasons, the Court denies Plaintiff’s request for remand.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff filed an application for supplemental security income on June 12, 2007, alleging
disability since 1990. Following a hearing on March17, 2010, an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”)
issued an unfavorable decision, which was appealed, and the Court vacated the decision and
remanded for further proceedings. On December 17, 2012, ALJ Harry Kramzyk held a hearing. In
attendance at the hearing were Plaintiff, Plaintiff’s mother Diane Soga, an impartial vocational
expert, and Plaintiff’s attorney. On May 7, 2013, the ALJ issued a written decision denying benefits,
making the following findings:
1.
The claimant has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since June 12,
2007, the application date.
2.
The claimant has the following severe impairment: Asperger’s disorder.
3.
The claimant does not have an impairment or combination of impairments
that meets or medically equals one of the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part
404, Subpart P, Appendix 1.
4.
After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the
claimant has the residual functional capacity to perform a full range of work
at all exertional levels but with the following non-exertional limitations: the
claimant can understand, remember, and carry out short, simple, repetitive
instructions; the claimant is able to sustain attention/concentration for twohour periods at a time, and for eight hours in the workday on short, simple,
and repetitive instructions; the claimant can use judgment in making work
decisions related to short, simple, and repetitive instructions; the claimant
requires an occupation with only occasional coworker contact and
supervision; the claimant requires an occupation with set routines and
procedures and few changes during the workday; the claimant could have
only superficial contact with the public on routine matters; the claimant
cannot perform fast-pace production work; the claimant can maintain regular
attendance, can perform activities within a schedule, and be punctual within
customary tolerances.
5.
The claimant has no past relevant work.
6.
The claimant was born [in 1984] and was 22 years old, which is defined as
a younger individual age 18-49, on the date the application was filed.
7.
The claimant has at least a high school education and is able to communicate
in English.
8.
Transferability of job skills is not an issue because the claimant does not
have past relevant work.
9.
Considering the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and residual
functional capacity, there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the
national economy that the claimant can perform.
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10.
The claimant has not been under a disability, as defined in the Social Security
Act, since June 12, 2007, the date the application was filed.
(AR 562-78).
The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review, leaving the ALJ’s decision the
final decision of the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.1481. Plaintiff filed this civil action
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) for review of the Agency’s decision.
The parties filed forms of consent to have this case assigned to a United States Magistrate
Judge to conduct all further proceedings and to order the entry of a final judgment in this case.
Therefore, this Court has jurisdiction to decide this case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and 42
U.S.C. § 405(g).
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Social Security Act authorizes judicial review of the final decision of the agency and
indicates that the Commissioner’s factual findings must be accepted as conclusive if supported by
substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Thus, a court reviewing the findings of an ALJ will reverse
only if the findings are not supported by substantial evidence or if the ALJ has applied an erroneous
legal standard. See Briscoe v. Barnhart, 425 F.3d 345, 351 (7th Cir. 2005). Substantial evidence
consists of “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Schmidt v. Barnhart, 395 F.3d 737, 744 (7th Cir. 2005) (quoting Gudgel v. Barnhart,
345 F.3d 467, 470 (7th Cir. 2003)).
A court reviews the entire administrative record but does not reconsider facts, re-weigh the
evidence, resolve conflicts in evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ. See Boiles v.
Barnhart, 395 F.3d 421, 425 (7th Cir. 2005); Clifford v. Apfel, 227 F.3d 863, 869 (7th Cir. 2000);
Butera v. Apfel, 173 F.3d 1049, 1055 (7th Cir. 1999). Thus, the question upon judicial review of an
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ALJ’s finding that a claimant is not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act is not
whether the claimant is, in fact, disabled, but whether the ALJ “uses the correct legal standards and
the decision is supported by substantial evidence.” Roddy v. Astrue, 705 F.3d 631, 636 (7th Cir.
2013) (citing O’Connor-Spinner v. Astrue, 627 F.3d 614, 618 (7th Cir. 2010); Prochaska v.
Barnhart, 454 F.3d 731, 734-35 (7th Cir. 2006); Barnett v. Barnhart, 381 F.3d 664, 668 (7th Cir.
2004)). “[I]f the Commissioner commits an error of law,” the Court may reverse the decision
“without regard to the volume of evidence in support of the factual findings.” White v. Apfel, 167
F.3d 369, 373 (7th Cir. 1999) (citing Binion v. Chater, 108 F.3d 780, 782 (7th Cir. 1997)).
At a minimum, an ALJ must articulate his analysis of the evidence in order to allow the
reviewing court to trace the path of his reasoning and to be assured that the ALJ considered the
important evidence. See Scott v. Barnhart, 297 F.3d 589, 595 (7th Cir. 2002); Diaz v. Chater, 55
F.3d 300, 307 (7th Cir. 1995); Green v. Shalala, 51 F.3d 96, 101 (7th Cir. 1995). An ALJ must
“‘build an accurate and logical bridge from the evidence to [the] conclusion’ so that [a reviewing
court] may assess the validity of the agency’s final decision and afford [a claimant] meaningful
review.” Giles v. Astrue, 483 F.3d 483, 487 (7th Cir. 2007) (quoting Scott, 297 F.3d at 595)); see
also O’Connor-Spinner, 627 F.3d at 618 (“An ALJ need not specifically address every piece of
evidence, but must provide a ‘logical bridge’ between the evidence and his conclusions.”); Zurawski
v. Halter, 245 F.3d 881, 889 (7th Cir. 2001) (“[T]he ALJ’s analysis must provide some glimpse into
the reasoning behind [the] decision to deny benefits.”).
DISABILITY STANDARD
To be eligible for disability benefits, a claimant must establish that he suffers from a
“disability” as defined by the Social Security Act and regulations. The Act defines “disability” as
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an inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable
physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be
expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months. 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A).
To be found disabled, the claimant’s impairment must not only prevent him from doing his previous
work, but considering his age, education, and work experience, it must also prevent him from
engaging in any other type of substantial gainful activity that exists in significant numbers in the
economy. 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(B); 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(e)-(f).
When a claimant alleges a disability, Social Security regulations provide a five-step inquiry
to evaluate whether the claimant is entitled to benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4). The steps are: (1)
Is the claimant engaged in substantial gainful activity? If yes, the claimant is not disabled, and the
claim is denied; if no, the inquiry proceeds to step two; (2) Does the claimant have an impairment
or combination of impairments that are severe? If no, the claimant is not disabled, and the claim is
denied; if yes, the inquiry proceeds to step three; (3) Do(es) the impairment(s) meet or equal a listed
impairment in the appendix to the regulations? If yes, the claimant is automatically considered
disabled; if no, then the inquiry proceeds to step four; (4) Can the claimant do the claimant’s past
relevant work? If yes, the claimant is not disabled, and the claim is denied; if no, then the inquiry
proceeds to step five; (5) Can the claimant perform other work given the claimant’s residual
functional capacity (RFC), age, education, and experience? If yes, then the claimant is not disabled,
and the claim is denied; if no, the claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)(i)-(v); see also
Scheck v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 697, 699-700 (7th Cir. 2004).
At steps four and five, the ALJ must consider an assessment of the claimant’s RFC. The RFC
“is an administrative assessment of what work-related activities an individual can perform despite
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[his] limitations.” Dixon v. Massanari, 270 F.3d 1171, 1178 (7th Cir. 2001). The RFC should be
based on evidence in the record. Craft v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 668, 676 (7th Cir. 2008) (citing 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1545(a)(3)). The claimant bears the burden of proving steps one through four, whereas the
burden at step five is on the ALJ. Zurawski, 245 F.3d at 885-86; see also Knight v. Chater, 55 F.3d
309, 313 (7th Cir. 1995).
BACKGROUND
1.
Factual Background
In 2003, more than four years before Plaintiff filed an application for benefits, Dr. Robert
Coyle performed a neuropsychological evaluation of him. (AR 277). Plaintiff was a senior in high
school, receiving special education assistance in reading. Dr. Coyle found him pleasant and
cooperative; Plaintiff tested in the low average range on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III.
Plaintiff’s capacity for abstraction and concept formation was intact, suggesting a “normal learning
curve in being trained at a new job . . . . He should be flexible and adaptable on the job.” (AR 282).
His memory and localization test scores were “exceptional.” (AR 283). His alertness and sustained
concentration scores were normal to mildly impaired on the Seashore Rhythm and Speech-Sounds
Perception test. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, Plaintiff had moderately
abnormal scores, with some problems in poor judgment, touchiness, and acting out. He appeared
edgy, somewhat depressed and socially unforthcoming during testing, with a need for emotional
support. Dr. Coyle saw a “mild degree of impairment” with good capacity for new learning, normal
memory and adequate capacity for attention and concentration for vocational purposes.
For the next three years, there are no pertinent medical records. In June 2006, Plaintiff’s
mother expressed concerns about Plaintiff’s inattention, social problems, and inability to find work
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after finishing high school. (AR 293). On June 8, 2006, on a physical form, it is noted that Plaintiff
had a normal mood, affect, memory, and judgment. Other examinations around this time showed a
normal or euthymic mood, but a blunted affect. Plaintiff saw a licensed clinical social worker for
stress management.
Beginning in December 2006, Plaintiff met with an employment specialist and received other
state vocational rehabilitation services. (AR 309). Plaintiff had excellent participation and applied
for many jobs in 2007. There are few records documenting abnormal mental status findings between
2006 and the benefits application date of June 12, 2007.
On August 24, 2007, Plaintiff had an internal medicine consultative examination with Dr.
Saavedra, reporting agitation with loud noises and a short temper. (AR 328). Plaintiff denied any
memory loss or concentration deficits. He was cooperative and understood basic commands without
difficulty. Examination findings were normal.
On September 19, 2007, Plaintiff saw Dr. Rini for a psychological consultative examination.
(AR 360). Plaintiff reported fixating on things, difficulty connecting emotionally, conflicts with
peers, mood swings, and concentration problems. Plaintiff said he could focus better when on
medication. He said he had friends but that they tended to drift away. Plaintiff reported working for
Regis for one month until he quit because it was too much driving. He reported that his previous
work as a dishwasher at Baker’s Square ended after 18 months when he quit because his manager
wanted him to do something that he did not want to do. On examination, he repeated six digits
forward and three digits in reverse and could recall all three household items after five minutes. He
correctly performed almost all math calculations and serial sevens. He had a blunted affect, but
reported feeling alright. Dr. Rini’s diagnosis included Asperger Syndrome and a GAF score of 57.
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Dr. Rini opined that Plaintiff functioned in the normal range of intellectual ability, but was socially
impaired, with below average concentration and average memory.
Four months later, on October 1, 2007, Dr. William Shipley, Ph.D., reviewed Plaintiff’s
disability claim file for the Bureau of Disability Determination Services and concluded that Plaintiff
might be precluded from successfully handling complex changing tasks and would likely not do well
working with the general public. Dr. Shipley also opined that Plaintiff retained the ability to
complete simple repetitive tasks on a sustained basis without special consideration. He assessed a
mild restriction in activities of daily living and moderate restrictions in social functioning and in
maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace. (AR 378). On January 14, 2008, Dr. Joseph
Pressner, Ph.D., reviewed Plaintiff’s records and affirmed Dr. Shipley’s medical opinion. (AR 383).
On April 10, 2008, Plaintiff had additional psychological testing. (AR 501). He reported that
he did not have any friends because his friends from high school were either away at school or at
work. (AR 501). He was somewhat shy, albeit friendly, speaking somewhat loudly and infrequently.
He seemed slightly nervous and frustrated with the length of testing. IQ scores on the WAIS-III were
just below average and the tester believed his Full Scale IQ score to be even higher than reported.
Working memory was a strength. (AR 502). On the MMPI-2, Plaintiff expressed some depression,
low self-esteem, introversion, social alienation, emotional alienation, and social insecurity. His
overall profile was consistent with Asperger Syndrome. His GAF score was 55, consistent with
moderate symptoms or functional limitations.
Initial therapy records with licensed clinical social worker Donna Ruebensam indicated flat
or labile affect with depressed or elevated mood, albeit with attentive and cooperative behavior as
well as good eye contact. (AR 453-60, 467-79). However, as of February and April 2008, he met
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most of his therapeutic goals. (AR 469, 478). He appeared to be more motivated. (AR 464). During
medication management checks, Plaintiff had a restricted affect, but smiled occasionally. (AR 461).
Medication doses were stable. (AR 462). He reported leaving the home more often in August 2008
to meet people, run errands, and exercise. (AR 457). In October 2008, Plaintiff reported no
behavioral problems and was euthymic with normal affect, fair memory and concentration, but some
fixation on certain thoughts. (AR 448). He expressed a preference for being alone.
On December 20, 2008, Dr. Ellen Rozenfeld, an impartial expert psychologist, responded
to ALJ Anglada’s interrogatories. (AR 384-389). Dr. Rozenfeld reviewed Plaintiff’s disability case
file and opined that Plaintiff had mild difficulty with activities of daily living and moderate difficulty
in social functioning and in maintaining concentration, persistence or pace. She found that Plaintiff
retained sufficient mental capacity to perform operations of a routine and simple nature on a
sustained basis, citing his range of daily activities, and his performance on testing in 2003 and in the
2007 mental status examination, with a GAF score of 57. She found that Plaintiff could concentrate
on, understand, and remember routine and repetitive instructions. His moderately impaired ability
to carry out tasks with adequate persistence and pace still permitted him to complete routine,
repetitive tasks. She noted that Plaintiff could sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision
and make simple work related decisions. Lastly, she found he could tolerate occasional contact with
the general public, coworkers, and supervisors with adequate tolerance of minor changes in routine.
During subsequent therapy sessions with Ms. Ruebensam, Plaintiff’s affect was flat or labile
but he otherwise was attentive and cooperative and had good eye contact. (AR 433, 440, 441, 443).
Plaintiff transferred from Ms. Ruebensam to Dr. Darlene Barnes in February 2009. (AR 433). Ms.
Ruebensam again noted Plaintiff achieved most therapeutic goals. Plaintiff reported that he
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interacted more with others and stayed positive. In March 2009, Plaintiff had a blunted affect with
fair memory, concentration, insight, and judgment. He discussed a conflict with his dad, and
between his parents, about whether he should work. (AR 425, 431). He guessed the economy was
making it difficult for him to find work, stating he had filled out applications and reviewed
newspaper ads for six months. (AR 427, 431). He talked loudly and became agitated during some
questioning. (AR 425). He had a depressed or dysphoric mood, particularly in late April and May,
with a blunted and flat affect and some distractibility. (AR 419).
In June 2009, Plaintiff reported that he was improving, without complaints of outbursts. (AR
406). Dr. Hunger assessed a level mood. Dr. Barnes encouraged Plaintiff to restart looking for work.
(AR 407, 415, 399). In July 2009, Dr. Barnes noted Plaintiff showed more social skills and was more
adaptable to social interaction (AR 399). He was more cordial and understanding, with normal
mood, affect, cooperation, and attention in that month and other recent months (AR 399, 401, 404,
409, 411).
In August 2009, Plaintiff appeared somewhat anxious, with a euthymic mood and restricted
affect. (AR 395). Concentration and memory remained good. He visited his grandmother three to
five days per week at the nursing home. At the end of August, Dr. Barnes observed pressured
speech, but Plaintiff was cooperative and attentive.
On December 1, 2009, Dr. Barnes completed a Mental Impairment Questionnaire, noting a
GAF score of 57 and medications of Focalin, Geodon, and Zoloft. (AR 530). Dr. Barnes noted
“looking through people” or a lack of eye contact, as well as a lack of reciprocity. She said Plaintiff
might have unpredictable, inappropriate, or bizarre behaviors. She identified signs and symptoms
including anxiety, poverty of content of speech, difficulty thinking or concentrating, easy
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distractibility, seclusiveness or autistic thinking, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and emotional
lability.
For the table titled “mental abilities and aptitudes needed to do unskilled work,” she checked
the box for “unable to meet competitive standards” in most areas, including working with others
without distraction, completing a normal workday or workweek without interruptions from
symptoms, making simple work-related decisions, dealing with normal work stress, getting along
with coworkers, setting realistic goals, or making plans independently. However, she also opined
Plaintiff has “unlimited or very good” ability to maintain regular attendance and be punctual, as well
as “sustain an ordinary routine without supervision.” (AR 532) (emphasis added). Additionally, she
found a “limited but satisfactory” ability to maintain attention for two hour segments and to carry
out very short and simple instructions. On the table for “mental abilities and aptitude needed to do
particular types of jobs,” Dr. Barnes checked the box for “seriously limited, but not precluded” in
interacting appropriately with the general public, maintaining socially appropriate behavior, and
adhering to basic standards of neatness and cleanliness. (AR 533). She found a moderate restriction
of activities of daily living as well as maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, with a marked
limitation of social functioning and three episodes of decompensation.
Between August 2009 and January 2011, there were no documented complaints, treatment,
or abnormal mental status findings. Plaintiff restarted medication management with Dr. Candice
Hunter on January 12, 2011, without any complaints. (AR 848). Plaintiff reported that, although he
was not taking Focalin every day, his mood remained steady, without any bizarre behaviors or
depression. Dr. Hunter found that Plaintiff had an appropriate affect and fair attention, concentration,
insight, and judgment. Plaintiff’s speech was monotone, but less loud.
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Plaintiff returned to see Dr. Hunter five months later, on June 6, 2011. (AR 847). During that
five-month period, there were no documented complaints or abnormal mental status findings.
Plaintiff was working on being more social and active and did not have any behavior problems or
depression. He was not compliant in taking Focalin. Plaintiff had good grooming and hygiene,
euthymic mood, appropriate affect, and fair memory, concentration, insight, and judgment.
Between June 2011 and January 2012, there were no documented complaints, treatment, or
abnormal mental status findings. On January 18, 2012, Plaintiff reported feeling alright but had a
somewhat blunted affect with limited eye contact. (AR 845, 846).
A week later, on January 26, 2012, Plaintiff restarted therapy with Ms. Ruebensam. (AR
831-836). Plaintiff complained of occasional depression, anxiety, low energy, anger, and loss of
interest in activities. He was attentive and cooperative with good eye contact and an elevated mood
but with a labile affect. Ms. Ruebensam found a GAF score of 65, indicating only mild symptoms
or some difficulty in school, occupational, or social functioning.
Over the course of the next ten months, Plaintiff saw Ms. Ruebensam anywhere from once
per week during several months, as was recommended, to once every other month. (AR 803-36). In
most therapy sessions, Plaintiff was attentive and cooperative with good eye contact but had a flat
affect and depressed mood. His GAF score was either a 60 or 65. (AR 805, 806, 809, 811, 813, 815,
817, 821-830). He reported that he helped around the house, did lawn work, went for walks, and
enjoyed reading books. (AR 814). In April 2012, he reported going out more often. (AR 827). Ms.
Ruebensam recommended on many occasions that Plaintiff contact vocational rehabilitation for
assistance in finding a job. (AR 816, 820, 826, 829).
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On May 4, 2012, Plaintiff told Dr. Navakas, Plaintiff’s treating psychiatrist, that he was
doing fine and getting along with his family. (AR 843). Plaintiff denied problems interacting with
others. He was mildly awkward introducing himself, but was euthymic, with appropriate affect. He
had good activities of daily living. His memory was intact with good judgment and fair insight. Dr.
Navakas assessed a GAF score of 70. Two months later, Dr. Navakas increased his GAF score to
75, with normal mood, affect, insight, judgment, attention, focus, and memory. Dr. Navakas
remarked that Plaintiff connected well with people and initiated a good deal.
On August 23, 2012, Plaintiff had a consultative psychological examination with Dr. Patrick
J. McKian. (AR 858). Plaintiff reported quitting his dishwasher job at Baker’s Square because his
manager was “on his case.” (AR 859). Plaintiff discussed applying for jobs, but said he had not
gotten called back. He said he had problems following directions, often was forgetful, and had a hard
time being around large groups of people. He tried to make money by pet-sitting and by collecting
cans. Dr. McKian found that Plaintiff had a full range affect and had a euthymic mood, although he
presented as loud. Plaintiff made no errors on concentration tests, such as math calculation and serial
sevens. He repeated six digits forward and four digits backwards and recalled two out of three items
after five minutes. Dr. McKian found at worst mild to moderate limitations in all areas with Plaintiff
mildly limited in understanding, remembering, and carrying out simple instructions. Plaintiff was
mildly to moderately limited in interacting with supervisors and coworkers, and mildly limited in
interacting appropriately with the public as well as responding appropriately to usual work situations
and changes in a routine work setting.
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Subsequent records from Dr. Navakas in September 2012 revealed stable and controlled
symptoms, with a steady GAF score of 75. (AR 838). To Dr. Navakas, Plaintiff denied severe
symptoms and had normal mood, affect, concentration, focus, and memory.
Plaintiff told Ms. Ruebensam that he was doing fairly well, but did not want to work
part-time because he was afraid he would not be able to remember things and would become upset.
(AR 804). He expressed fear about being alone, although he left the house frequently to run errands
on his own. He was attentive and cooperative with good eye contact but had a flat affect and
depressed mood.
The last therapist progress note from Ms. Ruebensam, dated November 8, 2012, discussed
Plaintiff’s concerns with focusing and following directions. (AR 802). Ms. Ruebensam encouraged
him to learn to stay on a schedule, do some work around the house for his mom, and volunteer. On
mental status, Plaintiff was attentive and cooperative, making good eye contact, albeit with a flat
affect and depressed mood. Ms. Ruebensam gave Plaintiff a GAF score of 65 and noted that he had
achieved most therapeutic goals.
Ms. Ruebensam submitted a Mental Residual Functional Capacity questionnaire on the same
date, November 8, 2012. (AR 850-856). In contrast with her statements in her treatment notes that
Plaintiff achieved most therapeutic goals, she opined that Plaintiff’s response was “minimal.” She
identified numerous “signs or symptoms” but the clinical findings were normal for mood, affect,
thought process, appearance, and orientation. (AR 850, 851). On the “unskilled work” table, Ms.
Ruebensam found no useful ability to function in carrying out very short and simple instructions,
maintaining attention for two-hours segment, completing a normal workday, accepting instructions,
getting along with coworkers, maintaining socially appropriate behavior, and other areas. She stated
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that due to his diagnosis, Plaintiff would have great difficulty with carrying out and remembering
short and simple instructions, and thus could not maintain attention for two-hour segments.
Between November 2012 and April 2013, there is no documented treatment until a
psychological consultation with Dr. Carl Hale on April 1, 2013. Plaintiff reported to Dr. Hale that
his medication helped with his mood and that he could focus well on one thing at a time. (AR 870,
871). Plaintiff had no difficulty with most memory tasks or concentrating on serial sevens or math
calculations. He was mildly anxious and dysphoric with a fixed gaze and loud speech. He was
cooperative and established limited rapport. Dr. Hale found a GAF score of 55, indicating moderate
symptoms or moderate difficulties in occupational, school, or social functioning. Dr. Hale opined
that Plaintiff was either mildly or moderately limited in various facets of concentration, including
handling simple instructions and making judgments on simple work-related decisions. Dr. Hale
found that Plaintiff had difficulty with attention and executive functioning, with past problems in
multi-step commands, and with filtering out distractions. He also found marked limitations in
interacting with the public, coworkers, and supervisors. He did not cite specific objective findings
and mentioned solely Plaintiff’s “autism” diagnosis even though the previous records demonstrated
an Asperger Syndrome diagnosis.
2.
Testimony
At the hearing, Plaintiff testified that he saw a psychiatrist (Dr. Navakas) every three months
and a therapist weekly to treat his mental impairments, including Asperger Syndrome. He took
medications such as Geodon and Zoloft without side effects and his condition improved with
treatment. His mother, Mrs. Soga, testified that he had some mood swings, but “not terribly bad.”
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Plaintiff stated that he lived in a separate apartment in his parent’s house. He alleged staying
in his apartment “most of the day” and denied vacuuming, cooking, doing the laundry or paying
bills. However, he indicated that he did some tidying up, drove, went shopping, cut the grass, took
care of two dogs, and performed personal care activities. Mrs. Soga said that he “basically [took]
care of his own apartment himself” although she often instructed him how to do things the right way.
(AR 621). Plaintiff said he played video games for 12 hours per day and watched TV. Plaintiff
denied going out to eat with family or having any friends. Mrs. Soga testified Plaintiff went out to
eat with family, attended NASCAR races, and socialized around their swimming pool when they
had people over. Mrs. Soga also acknowledged that, although Plaintiff did not have friends his own
age, he did better with older people.
Mrs. Soga indicated that Plaintiff tried unsuccessfully to find work. In discussing work prior
to his benefits application, Plaintiff said he worked at Baker’s Square for a year and a half, the first
few months with extra supervision ending when the supervisor left the job. His new boss reportedly
yelled at him to wash and place dishes a certain way before letting him go. Plaintiff said he also
worked for Target, where he brought in carts, picked up hangers, cleaned bathrooms and mopped
the floor. Plaintiff said he would only bring in the carts and was let go after six weeks without
explanation.
3.
ALJ’s Decision
The ALJ gave examining neuropsychologist Robert Coyle “great weight,” the opinions of
Agency reviewers J.V. Corcoran and A. Dobson “great weight,” Disability Determination Services
(DDS) reviewers Dr. Shipley, and Dr. Pressnor “substantial weight,” and medical expert Ellen
Rozenfeld the “greatest weight.” (AR 574). The ALJ gave treating psychologist Dr. Barnes’ opinion
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“little weight” where her opinion was inconsistent with the ALJ’s RFC determination because her
treatment notes did not contain specific findings sufficient to support her opinion. (AR 574-75).
Examining physician Dr. Patrick McKian’s opinion was given “little weight” as being too general,
and examining doctor Dr. Hale was given “little weight” because his findings were unsupported by
the record and did not contain specific findings. (AR 575). Treating therapist Donna Ruebensam’s
opinion was rejected as unsupported and Mrs. Soga’s opinion was given little weight as unsupported
and based on Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. (AR 576). The ALJ also found Plaintiff capable of
performing full-time work and that the reason Plaintiff had never maintained full-time employment
was because of low motivation or inability to find work despite his efforts to do so. Id.
ANALYSIS
In the instant appeal, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ committed reversible error in evaluating
Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity, by improperly weighing the opinion of his mother, and by
failing to properly evaluate the medical opinions. The Court considers each of Plaintiff’s arguments
in turn, beginning with the weight to the opinion evidence.
A. Testimony of Plaintiff’s Mother - Mrs. Soga
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in giving the testimony of his mother, Mrs. Soga, “little
weight.” In his decision, the ALJ reasoned that the “opinions expressed are unsupported by objective
findings, and seem to be based on the claimant’s subjective complaints.” (Pl. Br. 12 (citing AR
576)). Notably, the ALJ gave little weight to the testimony of Mrs. Soga to the extent it would limit
Plaintiff to less than simple work tasks with limited workplace interactions. The ALJ’s finding that
the evidence of record supported Plaintiff’s ability to do unskilled work with limited workplace
interactions is supported by substantial evidence.
17
In discussing Mrs. Soga’s opinion, the ALJ followed SSR 06-03p for evaluating opinions
and other evidence from sources that are not “acceptable medical sources.” SSR 06-03p, 2006 WL
2329939 (Aug. 9, 2006). First, the ALJ noted that, in opining that Plaintiff will never be able to take
care of himself, Mrs. Soga’s reports “essentially reiterate” Plaintiff’s testimony. The ALJ gave the
example that Mrs. Soga reports memory problems as does Plaintiff yet every examination of record
shows intact memory and ability to calculate. The ALJ explained that, while Mrs. Soga’s subjective
observations are useful, they must correspond with the objective medical findings. Also, the ALJ
noted the conflict between Mrs. Soga’s opinion and Plaintiff’s father’s opinion that Plaintiff can
work full time if he wants to. Thus, because Mrs. Soga’s opinions about Plaintiff’s memory
problems are not supported by the medical testing, the ALJ gave them little weight.
Plaintiff argues that Mrs. Soga’s testimony is supported by the findings of Ms. Ruebensam
who Plaintiff says noted difficulties in independent functioning and setting goals. But, as noted in
more detail below, most of the cited pages do not contain such findings. The mental status exams
by Ms. Ruebensam did not find that Plaintiff had difficulty with independent functioning and setting
goals in any of the pages that Plaintiff cites. See (AR 438, 442, 454, 456, 460, 463, 465, 470, 472-73,
476, 478-79, 802, 808-12). Rather, any such notation was a summary of Plaintiff’s own statements.
In one report, Ms. Ruebensam wrote that Plaintiff “[s]tates that he . . . gets lost when there is no one
around to give him direction,” which is an example of a subjective report from the Plaintiff rather
than an objective finding. (AR 808). Ruebensam did not discuss observations or examination
findings that demonstrated problems with setting goals or functioning independently.
Plaintiff also argues that Mrs. Soga’s opinion is consistent with Dr. Barnes’ notations that
Plaintiff has difficulty behaving in a socially appropriate manner. (AR 399, 407, 409, 411, 413, 417,
18
419, 421, 429, 431). But, behaving in a socially inappropriate manner does not mean that Plaintiff
cannot follow or remember instructions. And, some of the records showed positive mental status
examinations, such as appropriate affect and no noted behavioral abnormalities. See (AR 399-401,
407-412, 417, 421). Notably, the ALJ accommodated Plaintiff’s social and communication
difficulties in formulating an RFC based on moderate limitations in social functioning by limiting
Plaintiff to an occupation with only occasional coworker contact and occasional supervision and
only superficial contact with the public on routine matters. (AR 567, 571). Notably, Dr. Barnes, like
Ms. Ruebensam found that Plaintiff achieved most therapeutic goals, as discussed by the ALJ. (AR
571).
Finally, Plaintiff notes that Dr. Barnes and Dr. Hale opined that Plaintiff had marked
limitations in social functioning. However, as found below, the ALJ properly weighed Dr. Barnes’
opinion when he gave it little weight. And, the ALJ gave little weight to Dr. Hale’s opinion, which
Plaintiff does not challenge.
Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ wrongly discredited Mrs. Soga’s opinion on the basis that
it relied on Plaintiff’s subjective complaints because Mrs. Soga’s testimony was also based on her
own difficulties supervising Plaintiff, Plaintiff’s need for repeated instructions to do basic cleaning,
and the conversation Mrs. Soga had with a former manager of Plaintiff’s that he could not “babysit”
Plaintiff while at work. (AR 617-23). Early in the application process, Mrs. Soga filled out forms
indicating that Plaintiff needs reminders to shower, shave, take medication, and clean. She also
indicated, by circling options on a preprinted form, that Plaintiff has an impaired ability to
concentrate, follow instructions, and complete tasks. (AR 189). While it is true that, pursuant to SSR
06-3p, Mrs. Soga’s testimony may be of particular value because it “may be based on special
19
knowledge of the individual and may provide insight into the severity of the impairment(s) and how
it affects the individual’s ability to function,” the overall record, including the numerous mental
examinations, contradict her opinion of extreme limitations in ability to follow instructions and
interact socially. Remand is not warranted.
B. Weight to Treating Opinions
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ did not properly weigh the opinions of his treating licensed
social worker, Ms. Ruebensam, and his treating psychiatrist, Dr. Barnes. In determining whether a
claimant is disabled, the ALJ “will always consider the medical opinions in [the] case record
together with the rest of the relevant evidence . . . received.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(b). And, the ALJ
evaluates every medical opinion received. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c). This includes the opinions of
nonexamining sources such as state agency medical and psychological consultants as well as outside
medical experts consulted by the ALJ. Id. § 416.927(e)(2).
An ALJ must give the opinion of a treating doctor controlling weight if (1) the opinion is
supported by “medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques” and (2) it is “not
inconsistent” with substantial evidence of record. Schaaf v. Astrue, 602 F.3d 869, 875 (7th Cir.
2010); see also Jelinek v. Astrue, 662 F.3d 805, 811 (7th Cir. 2011). “An ALJ must offer ‘good
reasons’ for discounting the opinion of a treating physician.” Scott v. Astrue, 647 F.3d 734, 739 (7th
Cir. 2011). If an ALJ determines that controlling weight is not appropriate, the ALJ must then decide
what weight to assign to the opinion. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c);SSR 96-2p, 1996 WL 374188 (Jul. 2,
1996); Schmidt v. Astrue, 496 F.3d 833, 842 (7th Cir. 2007).
To make that decision, the ALJ considers several factors for weighing all opinion evidence,
including the opinions of state agency physicians and psychiatrists as well as medical experts sought
20
by the ALJ and “must explain in the decision the weight given” to each. 20 C.F.R. §
416.927(e)(2)(ii), (iii); Scrogham v. Colvin, 765 F.3d 685, 697-98 (7th Cir. 2014); Bauer v. Astrue,
532 F.3d 606, 608 (7th 2008). First, more weight is given to a source that has examined the claimant
than one who has not. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(1). Second, treating sources are given more weight
than other sources, and a number of subfactors are considered. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(2). Third, the
ALJ considers supportability, which gives more weight to opinions that present relevant evidence,
particularly medical signs and laboratory findings, in support of the opinion. 20 C.F.R. §
416.927(c)(3) (“The better an explanation a source provides for an opinion, the more weight we will
give that opinion. . . . We will evaluate the degree to which these opinions consider all of the
pertinent evidence in your claim, including opinions of treating and other examining sources.”).
Fourth, “the more consistent an opinion is with the record as a whole, the more weight [is given] to
that opinion.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(4). Fifth, more weight is given to a specialist about medical
issues related to the area of specialty than to the opinion of a source who is not a specialist. 20
C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(5). Finally, other factors are considered as brought to the attention of the ALJ
or of which the ALJ is aware, such as the doctor’s understanding of the disability programs and their
evidentiary requirements as well as familiarity with information in the claimant’s case record. 20
C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(6).
1.
Ms. Ruebensam
Ms. Ruebensam is a licensed clinical social worker who provided therapy to Plaintiff. Thus,
contrary to Plaintiff’s suggestion, Ms. Ruebensam is not a “treating source” because a licensed
clinical social worker is not an “acceptable medical source.” SSR 06-03p; 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.902,
416.913(a). Only “medically acceptable sources” can be considered “treating sources. ” 20 C.F.R.
21
§§ 416.902, 416.927(d). Nevertheless, under SSR 06-03p, the ALJ may use evidence from “other
sources,” such as Ms. Ruebensam, which “may provide insight into the severity of the impairment(s)
and how it affects the individual’s ability to function.” SSR 06-03p, at *2. When weighing “other
sources,” the ALJ uses the same factors used to evaluate acceptable medical sources. Id. The opinion
of an “other source” who has professionally seen a claimant can outweigh other medical opinions
“under certain circumstances . . . . For example, this could occur if the ‘non-medical source’ has
seen the individual more often and has greater knowledge of the individual’s functioning over time
and if the ‘non-medical source’s’ opinion has better supporting evidence and is more consistent with
the evidence as a whole.” SSR 06-03p. The weight given to these opinions is left to the discretion
of the ALJ. Id.
In this case, the ALJ properly considered the factors under 06-03p of the nature and extent
of the relationship between Ms. Ruebensam and Plaintiff, Ms. Ruebensam’s qualifications and area
of specialty or expertise, the degree to which Ms. Ruebensam presents relevant evidence to support
her opinion, and whether the opinion is consistent with other evidence. The ALJ recognized that
Plaintiff had attended 36 therapy sessions with Ms. Ruebensam by January 2009, noting that Ms.
Ruebensam is a licensed social worker, and had additional therapy sessions in 2012. The ALJ noted
that Ms. Ruebensam opined in November 2012 that Plaintiff “essentially had no useful ability to
function in most mental abilities and aptitudes needed to do unskilled work.” The ALJ gave those
opinions no weight because they are in “stark contrast” to the “normal findings” of Ms.
Ruebensam’s treatment notes and Plaintiff’s improving GAF scores. The ALJ found that there was
no support in the record for such extreme limitations. (AR 576). Also, earlier in the decision, in
summarizing the medical evidence, the ALJ noted that Ms. Ruebensam’s “treatment notes indicate
22
generally normal findings and document the claimant’s unremarkable reports.” (AR 571). The ALJ
noted that there were no records documenting current treatment from Ms. Ruebensam since
November 2012, even though Plaintiff maintained that he was still seeing her. (AR 575, 572).
Although the ALJ described the records as “unremarkable,” (AR 571), the ALJ also noted the
findings of “depressed mood.” Id. The ALJ spent three pages summarizing the medical evidence.
The ALJ considered all of Plaintiff’s symptoms and the objective findings such as social
awkwardness, mood problems, and loud expression. (AR 567, 570-73).
Although Ms. Ruebensam assessed “no useful ability to function” or “unable to meet
competitive standards” in almost every mental function category for performing unskilled work, her
own treatment notes indicated largely normal findings and improving GAF scores, which the ALJ
noted. The ALJ summarized Ms. Ruebensam’s treatment records from 2012 that reported a GAF
increasing from 60 to 65, which indicates only mild symptoms or some difficulty in functioning in
social or occupational settings. (AR 571, 802-04, 821, 836). Notably, these GAF scores were lower
than those of 70 to 75 given by Plaintiff’s treating psychiatrist, Dr. Navakas, during the same time
period, which the ALJ also noted. See (AR 571, 844, 841-42). On July 2, 2012, and September 28,
2012, Dr. Navakas gave Plaintiff a GAF of 75. A GAF score between 71 and 80 indicated symptoms
of a transient and less than mild nature. See DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF
MENTAL DISORDERS 32-34 (4th ed. 2000) (“DSM IV-TR”).
Plaintiff does not offer any specific quotations from Ms. Ruebensam’s treatment records to
support his contentions; rather, he makes a general statement that the records often included notes
of depression and anxiety and difficulty initiating and sustaining activity and then string cites several
pages, which often do not support his contention. See, e.g., (Pl. Br. 14 (citing AR 438, 442, 454, 456,
23
460, 463, 465, 470, 472-73, 476, 478-79, 802, 808-12)). The evidence Plaintiff cites regarding
difficulty independently initiating and sustaining activity is based upon self-reported complaints
from Plaintiff in 2008 and 2009 and not from objective findings such as observations or mental
status examinations.
In most of the recent treatment notes that were contemporaneous with her opinion, Ms.
Ruebensam noted that Plaintiff was attentive and cooperative with good eye contact. (AR 571, 576,
802, 805, 806-836). Plaintiff’s complaints were unremarkable in relation to his mental impairment,
with complaints such as a cold. (AR 571, 818, 820). Ms. Ruebensam repeatedly opined that Plaintiff
achieved most therapeutic goals, including on the same day that she gave her opinion. (AR 572, 80204). Plaintiff sought Ms. Ruebensam’s help in finding a job and Ms. Ruebensam recommended that
Plaintiff contact vocational rehabilitation for assistance. (AR 571, 573, 816, 820, 826, 829).
Plaintiff notes that the ALJ relied on Dr. Navakas’ opinion that Plaintiff had a GAF of 65-70
as signs of improvement, see (AR 572), but then argues that the ALJ ignored Dr. Navakas’ notes of
“target symptoms” of mood swings, agitation, inability to connect and maintain social connections,
low energy, hopelessness, helplessness, despondency, sadness, psychotic symptoms, and suicidality.
(AR 837-42). In that same record, Dr. Navakas indicated that Plaintiff was being treated for
Asperger Syndrome and major depression. Dr. Navakas noted under “Status of Progress,” that
Plaintiff has been stable over the last three months, that Plaintiff denied all mania, that there was no
mania at the visit, that Plaintiff denied all despondency and all suicidality, and that Plaintiff was able
to maintain a reasonable connection with Dr. Navakas during the extended interview. Dr. Navakas
found that Plaintiff’s memory was intact, that his concentration and focus were preserved, and that
his cognitive processes were preserved. Dr. Navakas found Plaintiff stable and found no need to
24
change his medications. In this instance, “target symptoms” are “symptoms of an illness that are
most likely to respond to a specific treatment, such as a particular psychopharmacological drug.”
See http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/target+symptoms. The ALJ did not err in his
review of Dr. Navakas’ opinion.
The ALJ gave good reasons for rejecting the extreme limitations in Ms. Ruebensam’s
opinion, namely that the opinion conflicted with not only the objective evidence of record but even
with Ms. Ruebensam’s own GAF scores, and the ALJ sufficiently explained his reasoning. Contrary
to Plaintiff’s assertion in her reply brief, the ALJ did not draw his own medical conclusions, but
rather considered whether the opinion was supported by the record evidence as required under the
statute and regulations.
2.
Dr. Barnes
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to give “good reasons” for discounting the opinion of Dr.
Barnes. Dr. Barnes saw Plaintiff on at least eighteen occasions and provided therapy and coaching
on mood swings, social functioning, and low motivation. Plaintiff argues that Dr. Barnes’ opinions
that Plaintiff has impaired ability to function independently, behave appropriately, or meet the
minimum standards required for work are consistent with the opinions of Ms. Ruebensam, Mrs.
Soga, and “the fact that Plaintiff had been fired from multiple jobs for an inability to meet minimum
standards, one of which, not even being retained after the probationary period.” (Pl. Br. 16). Based
on the testimony of Mrs. Soga and Plaintiff, Plaintiff was fired from his job at Target, but there is
conflicting evidence about why he stopped working at the dishwashing job at Bakers Square, which
he held for eighteen months. Regardless, as discussed above, the ALJ properly discounted the severe
limitations opined to by Ms. Ruebensam and Mrs. Soga for the same reasons that the ALJ properly
25
discounted Dr. Barnes’ opinion of marked limitations as to social functioning and for instruction
and/or supervision.
First, the ALJ stated that no specific treatment notes support Dr. Barnes’ opinion. (AR 575).
The ALJ discussed the lack of examination findings supporting a “marked” difficulty in social
functioning or other evidence to support three episodes of decompensation, each of two weeks’
duration. Id. The ALJ noted that there were no documented episodes of decompensation in the
record; and Plaintiff has not identified any.
Second, the ALJ found that Dr. Barnes’ opinions “seemed internally inconsistent because
she opined the claimant is seriously limited but not precluded from meeting competitive standards
for interacting socially and maintaining appropriate social behavior but also opined he is unable to
meet competitive standards.” (AR 575 (citing Ex. 19F/4, 5)). Indeed, in the table for “mental
abilities and aptitudes needed to do unskilled work,” Dr. Barnes checked the box for “unable to meet
competitive standards” in several categories such as working with others or in getting along with
coworkers without undue distraction or exhibiting behavioral extremes; yet, in a subsequent table
for “mental abilities and aptitude needed to do particular types of jobs,” the ALJ also checked the
box for “not precluded from meeting competitive standards” in the categories of interacting socially
and maintaining appropriate behavior. (AR 575, 532-33). These opinions indeed appear internally
inconsistent, especially given that the first table is for mental abilities needed to do only unskilled
work. The Court finds that the ALJ did not manufacture a conflict as asserted by Plaintiff.
Notably, this is just one of many factors considered by the ALJ. The ALJ immediately went
on to reason that Plaintiff “does have limited social and stress tolerance but there is insufficient
objective evidence that he is unable to tolerate even low stress work and occasional social
26
interaction at work. The record is devoid of objective findings to preclude ability for regular
attendance, dealing with any work stress, and remembering work procedures.” (AR 575 (citing Ex.
19F/4)). Plaintiff does not identify any findings of Dr. Barnes that support such severe limitations.
And, the ALJ noted that, by May 2009, Dr. Barnes had found that Plaintiff met most
therapeutic goals. That was a finding that Dr. Barnes repeated in subsequent reports. (AR 571, 420,
415, 413, 411, 409, 407, 404, 401, 399). After August 2009, there was no treatment with Dr. Barnes,
who gave her opinion in December 2009.
Plaintiff argues that, if the ALJ did not understand how the notes support the opinion, the
ALJ should have recontacted Dr. Barnes for a more complete explanation. See SSR 96-5p, 1996 WL
374183 (July 2, 1996); Barnett, 381 F.3d at 669. Such a decision is within the discretion of the ALJ.
See Wilcox v. Astrue, 492 F. App’x 674, 678 (7th Cir. 2012) (“[T]he need for additional tests or
examinations will normally involve a question of judgment, and we generally defer to the ALJ’s
determination whether the record before [him] has been adequately developed.”). “An ALJ need
recontact medical sources only when the evidence received is inadequate to determine whether the
claimant is disabled.” Skarbek v. Barnhart, 390 F.3d 500, 504 (7th Cir. 2004); 20 C.F.R. §
416.912(e). As Plaintiff is represented by counsel, the burden is on Plaintiff to introduce objective
evidence indicating that further development is required. Wilcox, 492 F. App’x at 687 (citing Nelms
v. Astrue, 553 F.3d 1093, 1098 (7th Cir. 2009)). This is not a case in which laboratory results are
obscure or unclear in meaning. See SSR 96-2p. Plaintiff does not point to any objective evidence
in Dr. Barnes’ records that the ALJ misunderstood or that was obscure. And, the ALJ sufficiently
explained the reason for the weight given to Dr. Barnes’ opinion.
27
The Court finds that the ALJ offered good reasons for giving little weight to the December
2009 opinion of Dr. Barnes and that the weight given is supported by substantial evidence.
C. Residual Functional Capacity
Plaintiff argues that, in formulating the Residual Functional Capacity (“RFC”), the ALJ
failed to account for evidence of the severity of Plaintiff’s impairments in combination. The RFC
is a measure of what an individual can do despite the limitations imposed by his impairments. Young
v. Barnhart, 362 F.3d 995, 1000 (7th Cir. 2004); 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a). The determination of a
claimant’s RFC is a legal decision rather than a medical one. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(e)(1); Diaz, 55
F.3d at 306 n.2. The RFC is an issue at steps four and five of the sequential evaluation process and
must be supported by substantial evidence. SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, *3 (July 2, 1996);
Clifford, 227 F.3d at 870.
“RFC is an assessment of an individual’s ability to do sustained work-related physical and
mental activities in a work setting on a regular and continuing basis. A ‘regular and continuing’
basis means 8 hours a day, for 5 days a week, or an equivalent work schedule.” SSR 96-8p at *1.
“The RFC assessment is a function-by-function assessment based upon all of the relevant evidence
of an individual’s ability to do work-related activities.” SSR 96-8p, at *3. The relevant evidence
includes medical history; medical signs and laboratory findings; the effects of symptoms, including
pain, that are reasonably attributed to a medically determinable impairment; evidence from attempts
to work; need for a structured living environment; and work evaluations, if available. Id. at *5. In
arriving at an RFC, the ALJ “must consider all allegations of physical and mental limitations or
restrictions and make every reasonable effort to ensure that the file contains sufficient evidence to
assess RFC.” Id. The “ALJ must also consider the combined effects of all the claimant’s
28
impairments, even those that would not be considered severe in isolation.” Terry v. Astrue, 580 F.3d
471, 477 (7th Cir. 2009); see also Golembiewski v. Barnhart, 322 F.3d 912, 918 (7th Cir. 2003).
First, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to account for “significant evidence [of] Plaintiff’s
inability to sustain focus and complete even simple work activities absent close supervision.” (Pl.
Br. 7). Plaintiff asserts that the record supports a finding that Plaintiff would be unable to sustain
an ordinary routine without extra supervision and that the ALJ failed to address this evidence. In
support, Plaintiff cites the August 22, 2012 notation by Ms. Ruebensam that Plaintiff feels lost when
his parents are absent and that he needed someone to give him direction. (AR 808). On August 13,
2012, Ms. Ruebensam also noted that Plaintiff reported that he has increased anxiety when he is
alone and that his mind wanders when he is alone. (AR 810). Plaintiff notes that these comments are
consistent with his mother’s testimony that despite twelve years of living in a separate space in the
home, he still needed to be supervised and instructed on the particulars of any required cleaning or
maintenance in the home. (AR 621). These statements, for the most part, are Plaintiff’s reports to
Ms. Ruebensam during sessions and are not findings by Ms. Ruebensam. And, as discussed in more
detail below, these reports conflict with objective testing and other accounts of Plaintiff’s activities.
Plaintiff also reasons that these statements are consistent with his work history, which he
says included being fired from a department store after the probationary period because he could not
keep track of multiple tasks. (AR 612-13). Plaintiff also notes that he testified that he was “let go”
from his position as dishwasher, which he held for eighteen months, because he could not
independently transition between routine tasks such as washing dishes, mopping the floor, and
taking out the trash. (AR 609-11). In contrast, Plaintiff told both Dr. Rini in 2007 and Dr. McKian
29
in 2012 that he left the dishwashing job because he had a disagreement with the manager about his
job responsibilities.
As discussed above, the ALJ properly weighed Mrs. Soga’s testimony and gave it little
weight. Even if the ALJ had adopted it, Mrs. Soga’s opinion did not establish the need for
supervision in all unskilled work. There were many tasks Plaintiff performed for which he did not
allegedly need supervision, such as cooking, shopping, driving, taking care of dogs, and helping his
grandmother with her chores.
Plaintiff notes that treating therapist Dr. Barnes found in the December 1, 2009 mental
impairment questionnaire that Plaintiff would have difficulty setting realistic goals and working
independently of others. However, this finding is made in the box for “mental abilities and aptitudes
needed to do semiskilled and skilled work.” (AR 533). The ALJ gave Plaintiff an RFC for unskilled
work. Also, as discussed above, the ALJ did not err in giving Dr. Barnes’ opinion little weight.
Notably, in the chart for “mental abilities and aptitudes needed to do unskilled work,” Dr. Barnes
indicated that Plaintiff could carry out very short and simple instructions, could maintain attention
for two hour segments, could maintain regular attendance and be punctual within customary, usually
strict tolerances, and could “sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision.” (AR 532).
Plaintiff contends that Ms. Ruebensam repeatedly noted Plaintiff’s difficulty with
motivation, expectations, and ability to set goals independently. (Pl. Br. 8 (citing AR 438, 442, 454,
456, 460, 463, 470, 472-73, 476, 478-79)). However, some of those treatment records do not identify
any of those asserted difficulties. See, e.g., (AR 463, 465, 470). And, other records state the
opposite. For example, on July 22, 2008, Ruebensam noted that Plaintiff “is still very motivated for
change.” (AR 460). On May 27, 2008, Ms. Ruebensam noted that Plaintiff felt “down” when
30
speaking of his future goals, which suggests that he had made future goals. (AR 463). And on
December 1, 2008, Plaintiff Ruebensam noted that Plaintiff “focused on setting a goal to obtain a
job.” (AR 442). Plaintiff repeatedly told Ruebensam that he would like to work or that he would like
to be busy. See, e.g., (AR 545, 472).
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to consider the impairments in combination because he
limited Plaintiff to simple, repetitive work but also precludes the possibility of the supervision that
Plaintiff would require to complete those tasks because the RFC limits Plaintiff to “only occasional
coworker contact and supervision.” (AR 568). Plaintiff argues that the ALJ provided no explanation
for how a person that required continual supervision to complete routine tasks and had a history of
being fired for failure to complete routine tasks without supervision, would be able to sustain a
regular routine while being supervised no more than a third of the work day.
First, the ALJ gave great weight to Dr. Rozenfeld, the expert psychologist, who remarked
that Plaintiff can “follow and sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision.” (AR 389,
574). The ALJ also gave great weight to the state agency opinions of William Shipley, Ph.D. and
Joseph Pressner, Ph.D., who agreed that Plaintiff’s ability to sustain an ordinary routine without
special supervision was “not significantly limited.” (AR 364, 383, 574). Plaintiff has not shown that
the reliance on the opinions was faulty.
Plaintiff argues that the failure to consider his need for supervision and the finding of
occasional contact with supervisors is not harmless because they are in direct conflict. Plaintiff notes
that Dr. Barnes opined on December 1, 2009, that Plaintiff would have difficulty with criticism. (AR
532). And, the record supports Plaintiff’s inability to sustain ordinary relationships or behave
appropriately in social situations due to his Asperger Syndrome. (Pl. Br. 9 (citing AR 293, 399-401,
31
407-13, 417-19, 421, 429-31)). While the record indicates Plaintiff’s inability to sustain ordinary
relationships and some difficulty with appropriate behaviors, it does not indicate an inability to
behave appropriately all the time or for sustained periods of time. In fact, the record shows that he
socializes with family and friends. He also worked for eighteen months as a dishwasher at Baker’s
Square. And, Dr. Barnes, after several months of treatment, noted that he “seems to be showing
more social skills and is more adaptable to social interaction skills in general.” (AR 399). Plaintiff
notes that Dr. Barnes and Dr. Hale opined that Plaintiff has “marked” limitations in maintaining
social functioning. (AR 534, 867). But, the ALJ properly gave those opinions little weight on that
point.
Plaintiff contends that every agency consultant and examining doctor that rendered an
opinion on Plaintiff’s social impairments opined that Plaintiff had at least a moderate impairment
in social functioning. (AR 365-66, 378, 382-83, 389, 862-63). Even, Dr. Coyle, to whom the ALJ
gave great weight, opined the Plaintiff may have difficulty with instructions on the job and showed
signs of an emotional maladjustment disorder. (AR 283, 285). Dr. Coyle said he “may have some
difficulty following verbal directions on the job.” (AR 283) (emphasis added). But, Dr. Coyle did
not say that the difficulty with following verbal instructions precluded handling even simple and
repetitive instructions in the context of unskilled work. Dr. Coyle said, “he is starting to show signs
of increased tension and increased maladjustment” and that he has “a significant level of emotional
maladjustment that requires supportive services.” (AR 285). The ALJ accommodated this limitation
in the RFC.
There is not an irreconcilable conflict between Plaintiff’s need for simple instructions and
guidance and Plaintiff’s social difficulties. The factual record and opinion evidence do not illustrate
32
an inability to accept instructions, particularly when the instructions are of a short, simple, and
repetitive nature, as required in the RFC. Finding Plaintiff unable to carry out simple instructions
is against the manifest weight of the evidence. Even Dr. Barnes’ treating psychological opinion,
which Plaintiff argues should be given more weight, states that Plaintiff had a “limited but
satisfactory” capacity in this area. (AR 532). Dr. Rozenfeld, Dr. Shipley, and Dr. Pressner, found
no limitation in understanding, remembering, and carrying out simple instructions. In limiting
Plaintiff to short, simple, and repetitive instructions with set routines and procedures and few
changes during the workday, the ALJ’s RFC finding sufficiently accounted for any deficits in
following instructions, including Dr. Coyle’s finding of “some difficulty” with verbal instructions.
This case is distinguishable from Young, 362 F.3d at 1002-03, cited by Plaintiff, in which the
plaintiff’s impairments were supported by substantial evidence in the record.
As for Plaintiff’s work history, the ALJ discounted Plaintiff’s inability to sustain even part
time work because “[t]here is insufficient evidence concerning his alleged failures at work.” (AR
576). Plaintiff criticizes the ALJ for not naming any evidence that conflicts with Plaintiff’s
testimony or his mother’s testimony that he “was repeatedly fired for an inability to sustain even
part-time unskilled employment.” (Pl. Br. 11). Based on Plaintiff’s and his mother’s testimony,
Plaintiff was fired from one job—his job at Target. Plaintiff fails to note the conflicting evidence
as to whether he quit his job at Baker’s Square or whether he was let go. Although he testified at the
hearing that he was let go, in 2009 and 2012, he reported to consultative examiners that he quit after
a dispute with a supervisor. And, Plaintiff reported that he quit a job at Regis because it involved
too much driving. (AR 361, 570). Indeed, as stated by the ALJ, the record lacks evidence from
Plaintiff’s employers or vocational rehabilitation regarding the reasons his employment ended.
33
The ALJ also noted that Plaintiff volunteered at a hospital, watched other people’s pets, and
collected cans. Plaintiff did not allege any problems performing these other tasks or that he needed
special supervision. Thus, Plaintiff’s work history, the opinion evidence, and the medical evidence
do not support the need for close supervision in an unskilled work setting.
Plaintiff argues that the ALJ “found that Plaintiff had sustained part-time work in the past,
and thus, he should be capable of maintaining full-time work.” (Pl. Br. 11 (citing AR 576)). But, the
ALJ never said this. The ALJ did not assume that just because Plaintiff worked part-time in the past
meant he could work full-time.
Plaintiff also criticizes the ALJ for finding that the only reason Plaintiff had not found fulltime employment was low motivation “due to the bad economy.” (AR 573). However, the ALJ
wrote:
In fact, the most that can be credited based on the claimant’s treatment records is a
waxing and waning of symptoms of depression, and a developmental disorder that
did not prevent the claimant’s search for jobs but then he apparently became less
motivated due to the bad economy and was asking help getting job interviews from
his therapist.
(AR 573). The ALJ noted that Plaintiff and his mother said in June 2006 and March 2009 that he
“was unable to find a job” and “was disappointed because he had not found a job and guessed it was
just the economy.” (AR 293, 427, 431, 570, 571). In March 2009 treatment notes, Plaintiff “stated
that for six months he looked in the newspaper and went and filled out applications and was not
successful in finding employment.” (AR 431). None of this supports Plaintiff’s contention that his
mental symptoms precluded employment.
Plaintiff says that the ALJ mischaracterized the record because Plaintiff’s reduced motivation
is really due to depression. (AR 479). But, the cited evidence does not say that he lacks motivation
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due to depression. Rather, Ms. Ruebensam wrote, “Patient seems very resistant to change and admits
to be comfortable with ‘status quo.’” (AR 479). And again, Plaintiff asserts that the record evidence
indicates that Plaintiff has “significant difficulty with realistic expectations and setting goals.” (Pl.
Br. 11 (citing AR 438, 442, 456, 460, 463, 465, 470, 472-73, 476, 478-79)). But, again, many of
these pages do not address or comment on any unreaslistic expectations or difficulty setting goals.
See, e.g., (AR 442, 456, 460, 463, 465, 470, 472, 473, 476 ). For example, in the treatment
record dated May 13, 2008, Ms. Ruebensam writes, “Discussed patient becoming involved with
vocational rehab and being assertive with what expectations he cannot fulfill.” (AR 465). She also
wrote, “Therapist recommended patient continue to set small goals such as trying to spend more
time out of the home. Joining a fitness club still encouraged. Patient seems to be developing more
confidence/motivation.” (AR 465). The treatment record that discusses “lack of motivation in
making changes and/or setting goals discussed” is only the first treatment record dated February 4,
2008. And, the treatment record from January 19, 2009, mentions setting goals in this context:
“Therapist recommends patient . . . try and not set unrealistic goals and/or expectations for himself.”
(AR 438).
The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff’s extensive activities—among them playing video games
for 12 hours a day and watching TV—belie a greater functionality and undermine claims of a
significant (i.e. more than moderate) limitation in concentration or persistence. (AR 566, 567, 576,
604). Plaintiff criticizes the ALJ for finding that Plaintiff’s activities of watching television and
playing video games demonstrates an ability to sustain employment but for providing no explanation
for how those activities translated into work. (AR 576). Plaintiff argues that the record does not
show that he performed those activities in two-hour segments or any evidence that would translate
35
into functional abilities. However, as the Commissioner notes, if Plaintiff slept through the night
when treated, and he is playing video games 12 hours a day as well as watching TV, it would be
mathematically impossible for him not to be playing video games for a least one two-hour segment.
And, this was just one factor. The ALJ also noted that the Plaintiff has no more than moderate
difficulty with concentration at the hearing, his intact memory, and his ability to calculate and
concentrate in mental status examinations and standardized tests. And, Dr. Rozenfeld, Dr. Shipley,
and Dr. Pressner gave opinions that Plaintiff could maintain attention and concentration while
performing simple, repetitive tasks on a sustained basis. (AR 364, 366, 389, 574). The ALJ’s finding
that Plaintiff does not have greater than moderate difficulties with concentration, persistence, or pace
is amply supported.
Overall, Plaintiff’s argument that the RFC should reflect a need for close supervision, an
inability to follow instructions, or greater deficits in concentration are not supported by either the
opinion evidence or the record. Plaintiff has not met his burden of demonstrating that the RFC is not
supported by substantial evidence or that greater restrictions are necessary.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, the Court hereby DENIES the relief sought in the Plaintiff’s Brief
in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment [DE 17]. The Court DIRECTS the Clerk of Court to
ENTER JUDGMENT in favor of Defendant Commissioner of Social Security and against Plaintiff.
Richard W. Soga Jr.
So ORDERED this 28th day of September, 2016.
s/ Paul R. Cherry
MAGISTRATE JUDGE PAUL R. CHERRY
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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