Willis v. Commissioner of Social Security

Filing 25

OPINION AND ORDER: The final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying plaintiff Sherry A. Willis's application for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits is AFFIRMED. The Clerk shall enter judgment in favor of Defendant and against Plaintiff. Signed by Judge Philip P Simon on 8/1/2017. (tc)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
SOUTH BEND DIVISION
SHERRY A. WILLIS,

)
)
Plaintiff,
)
)
vs.
) CAUSE NO. 3:16-CV-142-PPS-JEM
)
1
NANCY BERRYHILL, Acting Commissioner )
of the Social Security Administration,
)
)
Defendant.
)
OPINION AND ORDER
Sherry Willis appeals the Social Security Administration’s decision to deny her
application for disability benefits. An administrative law judge found that Willis was
not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. Willis raises a number of
challenges to this determination, but I conclude that the ALJ’s decision was supported
by substantial evidence.
Background
Willis applied for disability benefits alleging disability beginning in September
2012. [A.R. at 39.]2 Willis previously filed applications for disability benefits in
February 2011, but on September 13, 2012, an ALJ found that Willis was not disabled,

Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(d), Nancy A. Berryhill is
substituted for her predecessor, Carolyn W. Colvin, as defendant in this suit.
1

The administrative record is found in the court record at docket entry 11, and
consists of 715 pages. I will cite to its pages according to the Social Security
Administration’s Bates stamp numbers rather than the Court’s Electronic Case Filing
page number.
2

and Willis did not appeal that decision. [A.R. at 39.] As such, the issue of Willis’s
disability prior to September 13, 2012 is barred by res judicata. 20 C.F.R. § 404.957(c)(1).
Willis was 48 years old at the time of her hearing before the ALJ. [A.R. at 48.]
Willis last worked in January 2011 as a certified nursing assistant. [Id. at 498.] While
working at her last job, a patient in a wheelchair ran over her right foot in January 2011.
[Id. at 396-397.] Willis suffers from several physical and mental health issues, including
an injury to her right foot, knee osteoarthritis, and psychological disorders. [Id. at 110.]
In recent years, Willis received medical treatment from a variety of sources. In
2011, after her foot injury, Dr. Thomas McGill, an orthopedic specialist, treated Willis’s
foot until June 2011, when he determined that Willis was at maximum medical
improvement. [Id. at 389-398.] Starting in April 2012, when Willis complained of
further foot and knee pain, nurse practitioner Susan Grace treated Willis. [Id. at 407420.] In August 2012, Willis started seeing a psychiatrist, Dr. Prasad Babu, who
assessed a mood disorder and an impulse control disorder, while ruling out bipolar
disorder. [Id. at 489.] In December 2012, Dr. Gary Durak, a psychologist, examined
Willis and assigned a Global Assessment of Functioning score of 55. [Id. at 503.] In
January 2013, Dr. Ralph Inabnit examined Willis’s knee and foot, diagnosing
osteoarthritis. [Id. at 505-512.] Dr. Inabnit also conducted a neurological examination of
Willis, though he did not identify any mental disorders. [Id. at 509.] In April 2013, Dr.
James Hartson performed a left knee replacement surgery on Willis. [Id. at 537, 553.] In

2

June 2014, Dr. Inabnit examined Willis again after she complained of persistent back
and knee pain. [Id. at 699-707.]
At the hearing in front of the ALJ in June 2014, Willis testified that her knee pain
had worsened since her first hearing before an ALJ. [Id. at 111-112.] Willis testified that,
while she can sit without pain, she experiences pain in her foot when she stands up.
[Id. at 114-115.] Willis testified that she does not use a cane or assistive device, except
for a TENS unit, which uses electrical currents to relieve muscle pain. [Id. at 116.]
However, Willis also testified that she was in near-constant pain. [Id. at 116.] To cope
with the pain, Willis takes Tramadol. [Id. at 117.] Further, Willis testified that she can
shop for groceries, although she is sometimes anxious while doing so. [Id. at 120, 122.]
She also attends her son’s basketball and football games, if she feels up to it. [Id. at 131.]
Willis has a history of alcohol abuse but testified at the hearing that she had not drank
alcohol during the three months leading up to the hearing. [Id. at 129.]
The ALJ issued a decision denying benefits. The ALJ found that Willis met the
insured status requirements of the Social Security Act and that Willis did not engage in
substantial gainful activity since September 14, 2012, her amended alleged onset date.
[A.R. at 42.] The ALJ next concluded that Willis has the following severe impairments:
lumbago, status post left total knee replacement, status post remote right foot fracture,
bipolar disorder, personality disorder, and alcohol dependence in early remission. [Id.]
At the next step in the process, the ALJ determined that Willis’s impairments or

3

combination of impairments do not meet or medically equal the severity of one of the
listed impairments. [Id. at 42-44.] As required, the ALJ next found that Willis has the
following residual functional capacity:
[She can] perform sedentary work . . . except that the claimant
can occasionally climb ramps and stairs, she can occasionally
balance, stoop and crouch, and she can tolerate occasional;
exposure to extreme cold, but she can never kneel or crawl she
can never climb ladders, ropes or scaffolds, she can never
operate foot controls, she should avoid all exposure to
unprotected heights and dangerous moving mechanical parts,
and she is limited to work that can be performed on even
terrain and nonslippery surfaces. She is further limited to
simple, routine, and repetitive tasks involving only simple
work related decisions and routine workplace changes, work
tasks which do not involve directing others, abstract thought
or planning, work tasks which can be performed at a flexible
pace, i.e., no quotas, involving only occasional contact with
coworkers and supervisors, no tandem tasks or teamwork, and
no direct interaction with the public.
[Id. at 44.] At the final stage in the five step process, the ALJ concluded that considering
Willis’s age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity, there are jobs
that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Willis can perform, and
therefore Willis was not disabled. [Id. at 48-49.]
Discussion
For starters, it’s important to keep in mind that judicial review of the
Commissioner’s decision is limited. If an ALJ’s findings of fact are supported by
substantial evidence, then they must be sustained. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Overman v.
Astrue, 546 F.3d 456, 462 (7th Cir. 2008). Substantial evidence consists of “such relevant

4

evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”
Nelms v. Astrue, 553 F.3d 1093, 1097 (7th Cir. 2009) (quoting Richardson v. Perales, 402
U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). “The ALJ is not required to address every piece of evidence or
testimony presented, but must provide a ‘logical bridge’ between the evidence and his
conclusions.” Terry v. Astrue, 580 F.3d 471, 474 (7th Cir. 2009).
First, Willis argues the ALJ erred by ignoring Willis’s reliance on a walker in
rendering his RFC and hypothetical to the vocational expert. [DE 15 at 10-11.] Willis
argues that this error is harmful because it eliminates some of the jobs the vocational
expert testified Willis could perform. [Id. at 11.] But the ALJ did consider her use of a
walker and cited substantial evidence to determine that she didn’t need it. For example,
the ALJ noted that “Dr. Inabnit observed that the claimant used a walker, but that she
was also ambulatory without a walker.” [A.R. at 46.] Willis says that “overestimates”
Inabnit’s statement. [DE 15 at 11.] I don’t see how. Here’s what Dr. Inabnit said in his
treatment notes: “[Willis] could walk in the office without the walker, left that out of the
room today. She did okay with that in ambulation.” [A.R. at 696, 704.] He went on to
state that Willis’s gait “was slow and purposeful without the walker in the office.” [Id.
at 697.] As the ALJ pointed out, Dr. Inabnit also noted that Willis has normal motor
strength and sensory functioning throughout. [Id. at 46] The ALJ in no way overstated
or otherwise misrepresented what Dr. Inabnit said in his treatment notes—notes that
were taken just a few weeks after the hearing before the ALJ.

5

What’s more, Willis has failed to introduce any evidence that contradicts
Inabnit’s observations. Indeed, Willis’s own testimony at the hearing belies the claim
that she now makes on appeal; she testified that she was not using a cane or walker at
the time of the hearing. [Id. at 116.] She was asked point blank whether she uses “any
canes or assistive devices” and she responded “Just the TENS unit.” [Id. at 115-16.]
Willis also testified at the hearing that she can walk three blocks before she needs
assistance. [Id. at 115, 128.] Willis’s citation to a hospital record suggesting she
struggled to walk without a walker is not persuasive, as it was produced about a year
prior to Dr. Inabnit’s observation, which the ALJ chose to credit. [Id. at 600-601.] In any
event, “[a]n ALJ is not required to address every snippet of information from the
medical records that might be inconsistent with the rest of the objective medical
evidence.” Pepper v. Colvin, 712 F.3d 351, 363 (7th Cir. 2013). In sum, the ALJ did not err
by failing to include Willis’s use of a walker in his hypothetical to the vocational expert
because there was substantial evidence the walker was unnecessary.
Second, Willis argues that the ALJ erred by failing to address obesity at any step
of his analysis. [DE 15 at 12-13.] There is a good reason for this. There is simply
nothing in the medical records to suggest that Willis’s obesity amounts to a severe
impairment. At any rate, the ALJ satisfied his burden by discussing physical
examinations that documented Willis’s weight. [A.R. at 45-47.] While the doctors in
these evaluations noted Willis’s weight and how she was gaining weight, none
diagnosed her as obese; the furthest any of them went was Nurse Practitioner Susan

6

Grace, who told Willis to eat healthy and stay active – hardly ground breaking advice
from a medical professional. [Id. at 404.] Further, Willis fails to articulate how her
obesity would aggravate her underlying condition, something she would be required to
do to obtain a remand. Hernandez v. Astrue, 277 F. App’x 617, 623-624 (affirming ALJ’s
decision when the claimant did not clearly articulate how obesity would aggravate her
underlying conditions and the ALJ discussed medical records reflecting the claimant’s
obesity).
Nothing in Salaiz v. Colvin, No. 1:15-cv-206-TLS, 2016 WL 4238496, at *5 (N.D.
Ind. Aug. 11, 2006), cited to by Willis, commands a different result. [DE 15 at 12-13.] In
Salaiz the ALJ listed obesity as a severe impairment at Step 2 of his analysis, but then
failed to consider obesity in the subsequent steps of his analysis. [DE 20 at 14-15.]
That’s an obvious error. Here, the ALJ, following the lead of the doctors that examined
Willis, decided that Willis’s obesity did not need to be discussed or listed as a severe
impairment. The implication of Willis’s argument is that the ALJ is obligated to scour
hundreds of pages of medical evidence to make diagnoses that Willis’ own doctors
failed to make. That is not neither required nor sensible.
Third, Willis argues that the ALJ erred in his credibility evaluation of Willis’s
statements at the hearing. [DE 15 at 14-16.] Willis testified at the hearing that her being
bipolar would affect her ability to work. [A.R. at 125.] Yet she told Dr. Durak that were
it not for her knee problems she would probably still be working as a CNA. [Id. at 498499.] The ALJ pointed to this inconsistency when making his credibility finding. [Id. at

7

47.] The ALJ also pointed to other things that Willis said at the hearing as not being
particularly credible and cited to earlier statements that Willis made Dr. Durak and Dr.
Inabnit as reasons for his credibility findings. For example, the ALJ cited to several
statements by Willis to doctors Inabnit and Durak indicating that she could perform
household chores, id. at 47; she told Dr. Durak her medications were “very effective,” id.
at 497; she told Dr. Durak that could do light cooking, cleaning, and shopping
independently, id. 501; and she told Dr. Inabnit that she drove a car, did some minimal
housework, laundry, and shopping, and could lift 15-20 pounds, id. at 691. The ALJ
pointed all of this out in finding that Willis’s hearing testimony wasn’t entirely credible.
[Id. at 47.] A review of the hearing transcript makes clear what the ALJ was really
getting at: during her testimony, Willis persistently described her day-to-day existence
as much more dire than how she previously described it to the doctors. The ALJ
essentially found that Willis’s puffing was an effort to exaggerate her problems and this
led the ALJ to find her not entirely credible.
Willis argues that the evidence “negates” the ALJ’s credibility analysis. [DE 15 at
16]. First, Willis cites her comment to Dr. Durak that she would lie down after getting
her son ready for school, but before doing household chores. [Id. at 15.] Second, Willis
cites statements from her mother, indicating that Willis spends part of her day sleeping,
watching television, and doing light chores. [Id. at 14-15.] It is true that there was
evidence going both ways. That’s hardly surprising. In the end, that is why we have
ALJs. They are there to weigh the conflicting evidence. Perhaps if I were sitting in the

8

hearing, I would have made findings that are different from those of the ALJ. But that
is a far cry from saying that the ALJ’s credibility findings are unsupported. They are
not. My role simply is to determine whether the ALJ’s conclusions are supported by
“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Richardson, 402 U.S. at 401. And they are. The ALJ’s conclusion that the
testimony of Willis and her mother are not entirely credible is supported by substantial
evidence.
Finally, I am unpersuaded by Willis’s citation to Roddy v. Astrue, 705 F.3d 631
(7th Cir. 2013), which bears no resemblance to this case. In Roddy, the Court rejected the
ALJ’s finding that the claimant could work a sedentary, full-time job because the
claimant had to lie down three to four times for an hour every day. Roddy, 705 F.3d at
639. Willis does not cite to any evidence suggesting that her symptoms were
comparable to those of the claimant in Roddy, so this court does not have the same basis
to reject the ALJ’s credibility analysis as the Court did in Roddy. In short, the ALJ relied
on substantial evidence in making his credibility evaluations and I am, therefore,
required to uphold them. See Loveless v. Colvin, 810 F.3d 502, 508 (7th Cir. 2016)
(affirming ALJ’s decision where ALJ considered, but did not overemphasize, claimant’s
ability to perform daily activities).
Finally, Willis argues that the ALJ’s Step Five analysis is not supported by
substantial evidence. [DE 15 at 16.] Willis makes a few challenges to the ALJ’s Step
Five Analysis. First, Willis restates her argument that the ALJ should have questioned

9

the vocational expert about the walker, which I addressed above. [Id. at 17.] Second,
Willis argues that two of the jobs that the ALJ stated Willis was able to perform require
physical activities that the ALJ himself excluded in his RFC; for example, the ALJ
mentioned the job of “product stuffer,” but that job requires use of a foot pedal,
something the ALJ ruled out in his RFC. [Id.] Indeed, the Commissioner concedes that
Willis might not be able to perform the “product stuffer” job because it requires use of a
foot pedal. [DE 20 at 20.] Further, Willis challenges the ALJ’s position that she could
perform the job of “garment industry assembler” because that position requires meeting
quotas, something the ALJ ruled out in his RFC. [Id.] However, the ALJ’s questioning
of the vocational expert reflected that Willis could not meet quotas and the vocational
expert testified that an individual who could not meet “minute-by-minute or hour-byhour quotas” could still perform the job. [A.R. at 137-138.] Thus, the ALJ elicited
evidence from the vocational expert that Willis can perform the “garment industry
assembler” job. Assuming that Willis cannot perform the “product stuffer” job, but can
perform the other jobs mentioned by the vocational expert, there are still, according to
the vocational expert’s testimony, 145,000 jobs nationally and 1,950 jobs regionally that
Willis can perform. [Id. at 49, 136-137.] And it is “well-established that 1,000 is a
significant number” of jobs. Liskowitz v. Astrue, 559 F.3d 736, 743 (7th Cir. 2009). Third,
Willis argues that the ALJ erroneously failed to inquire into the basis for the vocational
expert’s job numbers, noting that the Seventh Circuit has expressed “profound doubt”
about the accuracy of job statistics that vocational experts present at Social Security

10

hearings. See Herrmann v. Colvin, 772 F.3d 1110, 1113 (7th Cir. 2014). While it is correct
that the Seventh Circuit has questioned the accuracy of job statistics from vocational
experts, the Seventh Circuit has not overruled its precedent holding that the ALJ is
entitled to accept a vocational expert’s testimony where “no one questions the
vocational expert’s foundation or reasoning.” Donahue v. Barnhart, 279 F.3d 441, 446
(7th Cir. 2006). Willis was represented at the hearing by an attorney, who was given the
opportunity to question the vocational expert; while Willis’s attorney asked questions,
she did not question the source of the vocational expert’s numbers. [A.R. at 139-140.] If
Willis wanted to raise doubts about the vocational expert’s job numbers, which suggest
she can perform 145,000 jobs nationally, her attorney should have raised this issue at the
hearing. Cf. Overman v. Astrue, 546 F.3d 456, 465 (7th Cir. 2008) (Unlike here, the
claimant’s counsel in Overman questioned the vocational expert and elicited statements
that seriously called into question the reliability of the expert’s bottom line
conclusions.).
Conclusion
In sum, the ALJ’s conclusion that Willis was not disabled during the relevant
time period is supported by the evidence highlighted in his opinion. And even if
reasonable minds could differ concerning whether Willis was disabled, I must defer to
the ALJ’s decision so long as it is adequately supported, as it is in this case. Elder v.
Astrue, 529 F.3d 408, 413 (7th Cir. 2008).

11

ACCORDINGLY:
The final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security denying plaintiff
Sherry A. Willis’s application for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits
is AFFIRMED.
The Clerk shall enter judgment in favor of Defendant and against Plaintiff.
SO ORDERED.
ENTERED: August 1, 2017.
s/ Philip P. Simon
PHILIP P. SIMON, JUDGE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

12