KNIGHT v. COLVIN

Filing 27

ORDER ON PLAINTIFF'S BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF APPEAL - Knight has not demonstrated that the ALJ committed reversible error. The Court denies Knight's brief in support of appeal [Filing No. 14 ] and affirms the Commissioner's decision. See Order for details. Signed by Magistrate Judge Tim A. Baker on 6/29/2017. (MAT)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
NEW ALBANY DIVISION
LISA M. KNIGHT,
Plaintiff,
vs.
NANCY A. BERRYHILL Acting
Commissioner of the Social Security
Administration,
Defendant.

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No. 4:16-cv-00120-TAB-TWP

ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF APPEAL
I.

Introduction
Plaintiff Lisa M. Knight appeals the Commissioner’s denial of her application for Social

Security benefits. Knight argues that the Administrative Law Judge erred at step four by giving
insufficient weight to the treating physician’s opinion without adequately considering all the
factors set forth in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). [Filing No. 10-2, at ECF p. 17.] For the reasons
below, the Court denies Knight’s brief in support of appeal [Filing No. 14] and affirms the
Commissioner’s decision.
II.

Background
Knight filed an application for disability insurance benefits alleging a disability onset

date of February 13, 2009. The agency denied Knight’s application initially and upon review.
The ALJ held a hearing and issued a December 7, 2011, decision finding Knight was not
disabled. Knight appealed, alleging in part that the ALJ erred by failing to provide an analysis of
Dr. Dobbs’ records and opinion. In April 2013, the Appeals Council granted Knight’s request

for review, remanding the case to the ALJ to evaluate Dr. Dobbs’ opinion and to correct an
additional vocational issue. The ALJ held another hearing in September 2013.
On January 31, 2014, the ALJ again found that Knight was not disabled. At step one, the
ALJ determined that Knight has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the alleged
onset date of February 13, 2009. At step two, the ALJ found Knight’s severe impairments are
psychogenic seizures, migraines, conversion disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and
adjustment disorder with depressed mood. At step three, the ALJ concluded that these
impairments do not meet or medically equal one of the listed impairments. At step four, the ALJ
determined Knight has the residual functional capacity to perform sedentary work with the
following limitations:
[S]he can never crawl, balance, or climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; she can
occasionally stoop, kneel, crouch; and she can climb ramps and stairs no more than
15% of the workday. She should avoid all use of dangerous machinery and all
exposure to unprotected heights. She is limited to no commercial driving and must
avoid working in close proximity to hot cooking surface, open flames, and open
water hazards. She is limited to simple, routine, and repetitive tasks. She can
interact with the public no more than approximately 15% of the workday, but with
no transactional interactions such as sales or negotiations. She is limited to no more
than occasional interaction with coworkers or supervisors. She is limited to jobs in
which changes in the work setting occur no more than approximately 15% of the
workday. She can perform goal-oriented work, but no constant production rate
pace work such as automated assembly line work.
[Filing No. 10-2, at ECF p. 9-10.]
Based on this RFC, the ALJ found Knight is unable to perform any past relevant work.
Relying on the testimony of a vocational expert, the ALJ found at step five that Knight can
perform the work of an assembler, inspector, hand packager, and addresser. Thus, the ALJ
concluded Knight is not disabled.
The Appeals Council denied Knight’s request for review in April 2016, making the ALJ’s
conclusion the Commissioner’s final decision. This appeal followed.
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III.

Standard of Review
The Court must uphold the ALJ’s decision so long as she supports her findings with

substantial evidence, which is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as
adequate to support a conclusion.” Pepper v. Colvin, 712 F.3d 351, 362 (7th Cir. 2013) (quoting
McKinzey v. Astrue, 641 F.3d 884, 889 (7th Cir. 2011)). While the ALJ must consider all
relevant medical evidence and avoid “cherry-picking” facts supporting a non-disability
conclusion, she is not required to discuss every piece of evidence. Denton v. Astrue, 596 F.3d
419, 425 (7th Cir. 2010). The ALJ need only provide a logical bridge between the evidence and
her conclusions. Roddy v. Astrue, 705 F.3d 631, 636 (7th Cir. 2013).
IV.

Discussion
The only issue that Knight raises is whether the ALJ analyzed treating physician Dr.

Dobbs’ opinion according to the factors set forth in § 404.1527(c). If the ALJ determines that a
treating doctor’s opinion is not entitled to controlling weight, she must evaluate it and determine
what weight to give it according to the factors set forth in § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6). Roddy v. Astrue,
705 F.3d 631, 637 (7th Cir. 2013). The factors are: (1) treatment relationship, (2) supportability,
(3) consistency, (4) specialization, and (5) “other factors.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6). The
ALJ’s weight determination stands so long as the ALJ “minimally articulated” her reasons.
Elder v. Astrue, 529 F.3d 408, 415 (7th Cir. 2008) (quoting Berger v. Astrue, 516 F.3d 539, 545
(7th Cir. 2008)). The only factors Knight challenges here are treatment relationship and
consistency.
A.

Treatment relationship

First, Knight argues that the ALJ did not take the treatment relationship factor into
account when weighing Dr. Dobbs’ opinion. Specifically, Knight contends that the ALJ should

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have considered that Dr. Dobbs saw Knight at least twenty times over a four-year period, from
February 2009 to March 2013. [Filing No. 14, at ECF p. 4.]
In § 404.1527(c)(2), the treatment relationship factor contains two sub-parts: (1) length of
relationship and frequency of examination and (2) nature and extent of relationship. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1527(c)(2). The first sub-part states, “Generally, the longer a treating source has treated you
and the more times you have been seen by a treating source, the more weight we will give to the
source’s medical opinion.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)(i). The second sub-part refers to the
depth of knowledge the treating source has about the patient’s impairments, explaining, “We will
look at the treatment the source has provided and at the kinds and extent of examinations and
testing the source has performed or ordered from specialists and independent laboratories.” 20
C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)(ii). Generally, an ALJ may discount a treating source’s opinion that is
based entirely on the claimant’s subjective complaints. Loveless v. Colvin, 810 F.3d 502, 507
(7th Cir. 2016).
The ALJ considered the first sub-factor. In her analysis, the ALJ described the various
visits Knight made to Dr. Dobbs. The ALJ referred to Dr. Dobbs’ treatment notes and Knight’s
visits using descriptions such as “recent,” “later,” and “subsequent.” [Filing No. 10-2, at ECF p.
11, 12.] These chronological markers show the ALJ considered the length of Dr. Dobbs’
treatment relationship and frequency of examining Knight. Additional indications that the ALJ
considered this factor include the ALJ’s analysis that: “Dr. Dobbs’ treatment record has
consistently referred to improved depression” and “the apparent lack of any significant
complaints of pseudoseizures made to Dr. Dobbs over the last few years of treatment.” [Id., at
ECF p. 13.] Thus, the weight given to Dr. Dobbs necessarily considered the length of time he
treated Knight.

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The ALJ considered the second sub-factor, the nature and extent of the relationship, and
used its weakness to explain why she ultimately afforded little to no weight to Dr. Dobbs’
opinion. Despite the length of time and frequency of examinations, the ALJ found a lack of
depth in the nature and extent of the treatment relationship because Dr. Dobbs relied on Knight’s
subjective complaints for his opinion instead of objective medical evidence. For example, the
ALJ pointed to Dr. Dobbs’ “failure to provide a function-by-function analysis of the claimant’s
retained vocational abilities” as one of her reasons for discrediting his opinion. [Filing No. 10-2,
at ECF p. 16.] Additionally, the ALJ pointed out that Dr. Dobbs never observed Knight having a
seizure. [Id., at ECF p. 11.] Therefore, Knight’s argument that the ALJ did not consider Dr.
Dobbs’ treatment relationship fails. The ALJ’s analysis demonstrates that she considered this
factor when affording little weight to Dr. Dobbs’ opinion. The ALJ minimally articulated her
decision. Thus, this factor does not weigh in favor of remand.
B.

Consistency

Second, Knight argues that the ALJ omitted evidence that would make Dr. Dobbs’
opinion more consistent with the record as a whole. Knight argues her seizures at St. Luke and
University Hospitals as well as Dr. Hughes’ neurology opinion are consistent with Dr. Dobbs’
opinion. The Commissioner contends the ALJ found several inconsistencies between Dr. Dobbs’
opinion and the evidence, including his own treatment notes, Knight’s treatment history, and five
other medical opinions that Knight is capable of working.
In § 404.1527(c)(4), the consistency factor is straightforward: “Generally, the more
consistent a medical opinion is with the record as a whole, the more weight we will give to that
medical opinion.” The ALJ may discount a treating source’s opinion when it is inconsistent
internally or with another consulting physician’s opinion so long as she minimally articulates her

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reasoning. Schmidt v. Astrue, 496 F.3d 833, 842 (7th Cir. 2007) (quoting Skarbek v. Barnhart,
390 F.3d 500, 503 (7th Cir. 2004)).
First, Knight argues that the ALJ ignored seizures that took place while Knight was
hospitalized at St. Luke Hospital. However, Knight does not specify where in the nearly thirty
pages of cited treatment notes the doctors at St. Luke record her having a seizure. [Filing No. 14,
at ECF p. 4.] Knight might have been referring to a neurologic exam by Dr. Armitage on
February 14, 2009, which noted, “When I came in the room, she was having what has been, her
family thinks, seizures. The type of activity is usually considered conversion reaction and not
true seizures.” [Filing No. 10-7, at ECF p. 15.] Dr. Armitage explained that while he did not
have a description of “all of the spells that she has had since she has been here which have been
numerous,” he recorded the aftereffects of each spell: “There was no postictal period. 1 She was
awake and alert immediately.” [Id.]
Even if the ALJ included evidence from St. Luke Hospital in her analysis, the fact that
Dr. Armitage noted no postictal period after Knight’s “severe spell” would support the ALJ’s
conclusion that Dr. Dobbs’ assessment of her recovery time is inconsistent with other medical
evidence on the record. Knight does not point to specific evidence from her stay at St. Luke
Hospital that conflicts with Dr. Armitage’s assessment or the ALJ’s conclusion, and she does not
explain how this evidence might support Dr. Dobbs’ opinion. These treatment notes do not
affect the ALJ’s decision. This argument therefore fails.

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The postictal period is “the time between the end of the seizure and the return to baseline
mental status” during which patients may experience issues such as confusion, drowsiness, or
memory loss. The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics, Seizures, Unbound Medicine,
Inc. (June 28, 2017), https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/WashingtonManual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602281/all/Seizures.
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Next, Knight argues that the ALJ failed to consider seizures that took place during a
neurologic exam at University Hospital. [Filing No. 14, at ECF p. 4.] However, the ALJ cited
the University Hospital record describing a seizure incident. The ALJ explained that “as
opposed to the claimant’s testimony describing significant residual issues following a seizure
that last for several subsequent hours, the emergency room physician observed no indication of
postictal symptoms following this event.” [Filing No. 10-2, at ECF p. 12 (quoting Filing No. 107, at ECF p. 28).] Additionally, the ALJ determined this lack of a postictal period is consistent
with other evidence on the record, including a March 2009 treatment note from Dr. Dobbs that
Knight feels reoriented after just one to two minutes following a pseudoseizure. [Filing No. 102, at ECF p. 12 (quoting Filing No. 10-7, at ECF p. 47).] The ALJ included the University
Hospital notes in her analysis and used them to support her conclusion. Therefore, this argument
fails.
Finally, Knight argues that the ALJ should have found that Dr. Hughes’ neurology
opinion supports Dr. Dobbs’ opinion. However, this argument is undeveloped and does not
point the Court to any evidence supporting Knight’s position. Moreover, Dr. Hughes saw Knight
only once, and the ALJ was not required to give controlling weight to his opinion. Therefore,
this argument fails.
The ALJ analyzed the evidence to support her decision to reject Dr. Dobbs’ opinion. The
ALJ discussed the inconsistencies between Dr. Dobbs’ opinion, Knight’s testimony, and the
medical record. Knight fails to convince the Court that the evidence makes Dr. Dobbs’ opinion
more consistent with the record as a whole.

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V.

Conclusion
For these reasons, Knight has not demonstrated that the ALJ committed reversible error.

The Court denies Knight’s brief in support of appeal [Filing No. 14] and affirms the
Commissioner’s decision.

Date: 6/29/2017

_______________________________
Tim A. Baker
United States Magistrate Judge
Southern District of Indiana

Distribution:

William Joseph Jenner
JENNER, PATTISON, SUTTER & WYNN, LLP
[e-mail]
Cristen Elizabeth Meadows
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
[e-mail]
Kathryn E. Olivier
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY'S OFFICE
[e-mail]

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