Teran v. GB International S.P.A. et al
Filing
53
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER granting 45 Plaintiff's Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint. Plaintiff shall electronically file his Amended Complaint forthwith. See Memorandum and Order for additional details. Signed by Magistrate Judge Gerald L. Rushfelt on 4/25/2012. (bw)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS
CARLOS TERAN,
Plaintiff,
Civil Action
v.
No. 11-2236-JAR-GLR
GB INTERNATIONAL S.P.A.,
et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
In his original complaint Plaintiff claims that GB International S.P.A., GB Miami S.R.L., and
GB Italy breached their fiduciary duty, interfered with a business relationship, engaged in unfair
competition, and breached a shareholders agreement.1 Before the Court is Plaintiff’s Motion for
Leave to Amend Complaint (ECF No. 45). After conducting jurisdictional discovery in response
to a prior motion to dismiss, Plaintiff seeks to drop GB Italy as a defendant, because there appears
to be no basis at this time to exercise personal jurisdiction over that entity.2 He also seeks to add
American Crane and Tractor Parts as a defendant, because of a declaratory judgment action that he
believes is important to resolve the claims in this action.3 Defendants oppose the proposed amendment on grounds that the grounds for jurisdiction are futile and the amended complaint does not state
a valid claim for relief.4 For the reasons set out below, the motion is granted.
1
See Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 9-14.
2
See Mot. Amend. ¶ 7.
3
See id.
4
See Defs,; Opp’n Pl.’s Mot. Leave to Am. Compl. (Defs.’ Opp’n) at 1.
I.
Procedural History
Plaintiff commenced this action by filing a complaint on April 22, 2011.5 In August
Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction and for failure to state
a claim.6 Plaintiff then sought, and was granted, leave to conduct limited jurisdictional discovery.7
The Court also granted him ten days after completion of the discovery to either file a response to the
motion to dismiss or to seek leave to file an amended complaint.8 Plaintiff then timely filed the
instant motion to amend. After Defendants filed their opposition to the motion, the Court denied
Defendants’ motion to dismiss without prejudice pending a ruling on the motion to amend.9 It
specifically stated that “Defendants may renew the motion to dismiss if Plaintiff is denied leave to
amend, or refile the motion with respect to the amended complaint if Plaintiff is granted leave to
amend.”10 Plaintiff then filed his reply brief. The motion is fully briefed and ready for ruling.
II.
Legal Standard Applicable to Motion for Leave to Amend
Parties may amend pleadings “once as a matter of course” before trial if they do so within
(A) twenty-one days of serving the pleading or (B) “if the pleading is one to which a responsive
pleading is required,” twenty-one days of service of a responsive pleading or a motion under Fed.
5
See Compl.
6
See Defs.’ Mot. Dismiss (ECF No. 7).
7
See Pl.’s Mot. Leave (ECF No. 16); Mem. & Order (ECF No. 25) (granting motion).
8
See Mem. & Order at 6.
9
See Order (ECF No. 49).
10
Id.
2
R. Civ. P. 12(b), (e), or (f), whichever is earlier.11 Other amendments before trial are allowed “only
with the opposing party’s written consent or the court’s leave.”12 Courts “should freely give leave
when justice so requires.”13 Rule 15 is intended “to provide litigants ‘the maximum opportunity for
each claim to be decided on its merits rather than on procedural niceties.’”14
Courts may deny leave to amend, however, based on “undue delay, bad faith or dilatory
motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments previously
allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of allowance of the amendment, [or] futility
of amendment.”15 “Absent flagrant abuse, bad faith, futility of amendment, or truly inordinate and
unexplained delay, prejudice to the opposing party is the key factor in deciding a motion to
amend.”16 In fact, the prejudice factor is the “most important” consideration in the decision.17
Typically, courts “find prejudice only when the amendment unfairly affects” a party’s ability to
prosecute or defend the lawsuit.18 This most often occurs when the amendment “raise[s] significant
11
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1).
12
Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2).
13
Id.; accord Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962).
14
Minter v. Prime Equip. Co., 451 F.3d 1196, 1204 (10th Cir. 2006) (quoting Hardin v.
Manitowoc-Forsythe Corp., 691 F.2d 449, 456 (10th Cir. 1982)).
15
Id. (quoting Foman, 371 U.S. at 182).
16
Rubio ex rel. Z.R. v. Turner Unified Sch. Dist. No. 202, 453 F. Supp. 2d 1295, 1307 (D.
Kan. 2006).
17
Minter, 451 F.3d at 1207.
18
Id. at 1208.
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new factual issues” or arises from a different theory or subject matter than previously asserted.19 To
justify denying leave to amend, the proposed amendment must “work an injustice” to an opposing
party.20 The party opposing the amendment has the burden to show a basis for denial.21
Whether to allow a proposed amendment, after the permissive period, addresses the sound
discretion of the court.22 “In exercising its discretion, the court must be mindful that the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure are designed to facilitate decisions on the merits rather than on pleading
technicalities.”23
III.
Analysis
Plaintiff contends that his proposed amended complaint contains sufficient allegations to
support personal jurisdiction over Defendants.24 He also asserts that the validity of his claims are
more appropriately considered in the context of a motion to dismiss.25 Defendants, on the other
hand, argue that the motion to amend should be denied “as futile because the Amended Complaint
19
Id.; accord Acker v. Burlington N. & Santa Fe R. Co., 215 F.R.D. 645, 654 (D. Kan. 2003)
(stating that prejudice means undue difficulty in prosecuting or defending a lawsuit due to “a change
of tactics or theories on the part of the other party”) (quoting Heslop v. UCB, Inc., 175 F. Supp. 2d
1310, 1313 (D. Kan. 2001)).
20
United States v. Sturdevant, No. 07-2233-KHV-DJW, 2008 WL 4198598, at *3 (D. Kan.
Sept. 11, 2008) (quoting Koch v. Koch Indus., 127 F.R.D. 206, 209-10 (D. Kan. 1989)).
21
See, e.g., Acker, 215 F.R.D. at 654 (prejudice); Carefusion 213, LLC v. Prof’l Disposables,
Inc., Civ. A. No. 09-2616-KHV-DJW, 2010 WL 4004874, at *5 (D. Kan. Oct. 12, 2010) (futility).
22
See Foman, 371 U.S. at 182; Wilkerson v. Shinseki, 606 F.3d 1256, 1268 (10th Cir. 2010);
Minter, 451 F.3d at 1204.
23
Collins v. Wal-Mart, Inc., 245 F.R.D. 503, 507 (D. Kan. 2007).
24
Pl.’s Reply at 2-5.
25
Id. at 5-7.
4
fails to address the deficiencies raised by the Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss.”26 They further
contend the proposed amended complaint is subject to dismissal for the same reasons as the original
complaint.27
Defendants oppose the proposed amendment solely on grounds that the amended complaint
would be subject to dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) for lack of personal jurisdiction or for
failure to state a claim.28 In some circumstances, it may be preferable for the Court to consider the
futility of a proposed amendment on a claim-by-claim basis. But when the parties opposing an
amendment only rely on futility of amendment and the deadline for filing motions to dismiss has not
passed, the Court may properly exercise its discretion to simply allow the entire amended complaint.
Upon the filing of the amended complaint, Defendants would have an opportunity under Fed. R. Civ.
P. 12(b) to seek dismissal on grounds of jurisdiction or for failure to state a claim. Denial of their
prior motion to dismiss was expressly without prejudice to their refiling the motion, if leave to
amend be granted. Allowing the filing of an amended complaint in these circumstances comports
with the liberal amendment policy of Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a), without prejudice to anyone opposing
the amendment. At this early stage of the litigation the Court finds the better course is to allow
Plaintiff to file his amended complaint and then decide the jurisdictional issue and legal sufficiency
26
See Defs.’ Opp’n at 2.
27
See id. at 3.
28
Defendants do not suggest that Plaintiff has engaged in flagrant abuse or bad faith by seeking to amend his complaint. They do not contend that there has been any inordinate or unexplained
delay. Nor do they argue that they would be prejudiced by the proposed amendment. Under the
facts before it, the Court indeed sees no legitimate basis for opposing the proposed amendment on
any of these bases. Plaintiff, moved to file his amended complaint early in this litigation – before
the Court has even entered a scheduling order. At this early stage of the litigation, the Court sees
no potential prejudice to any Defendant from the filing of the proposed amendment.
5
of the claims upon a properly filed motion to dismiss.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint
(ECF No. 45) is granted, as set forth herein. Plaintiff shall electronically file his Amended
Complaint forthwith.
Dated in Kansas City, Kansas on this 25th day of April, 2012.
S/Gerald L. Rushfelt
Gerald L. Rushfelt
U.S. Magistrate Judge
6
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