Proch v. Baker et al
Filing
63
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER granting 54 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim; granting 54 Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction; granting 54 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by District Judge Carlos Murguia on 06/28/2017.Mailed to pro se party Taurean Xavier Proch by certified mail ; Certified Tracking Number: 7016 2070 0000 1868 2697 (cv)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF KANSAS
TAUREAN XAVIER PROCH,
Plaintiff,
v.
D. BAKER, et al.,
Defendants.
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Case No. 14-3021
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Plaintiff Taurean Proch, a former federal inmate proceeding pro se, filed this case against the
Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) and ten prison officials, claiming that they violated his constitutional rights
in a number of ways: (1) seizure, destruction, and/or theft of his personal and intellectual property; (2)
denial of due process and access to the courts; (3) harassment and retaliation for seeking administrative
remedies; (4) infliction of cruel and unusual punishment on plaintiff by wrongfully terminating his
jobs, threatening and harassing him, and forcing him to sleep on a bare mattress; (5) intentional and
negligent infliction of emotional distress; (6) failure to supervise or intervene in constitutional
violations; and (7) the BOP’s maintenance of a custom or policy of staff misconduct. Defendants
moved for summary judgment or dismissal on a number of grounds (Doc. 54). Plaintiff initially failed
to respond.
After the court ordered plaintiff to show cause why the motion should not be granted as
uncontested, plaintiff asked for additional time to respond. The court granted his request, and
eventually, plaintiff responded with a three-page brief. In that brief, plaintiff generally argues that (1)
plaintiff cannot access a legal research database to help him research, but the issues presented by
defendants require little argument; (2) plaintiff has exhausted all of his administrative remedies; and
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(3) there are factual disputes in this case that must be resolved. Plaintiff asks the court to incorporate
the allegations and evidence from his complaint into his response. But neither plaintiff’s complaint nor
his response are signed under penalty of perjury, so the court cannot consider plaintiff’s allegations as
evidence to controvert defendant’s submitted evidence. Cf. Conaway v. Smith, 853 F.2d 789, 792
(10th Cir. 1988) (“Although a nonmoving party may not rely merely on the unsupported or conclusory
allegations contained in his pleadings, a verified complaint may be treated as an affidavit for purposes
of summary judgment if it satisfies the standards for affidavits set out in Rule 56(e).”). This failure on
plaintiff’s part is of critical importance. Defendants moved for summary judgment and asserted
qualified immunity. This puts a significant burden on plaintiff to offer evidence in support of his
claims. Because plaintiff has not done so, the court accepts as true all of defendants’ properlysupported facts. Utilizing these uncontroverted facts, the court grants defendants’ motion.
I.
Background
A.
Defendants
Plaintiff names a number of defendants in his complaint. For ease of reference, defendants,
their roles, and their connection to plaintiff’s claims are summarized below:
Defendant Claude Maye: Defendant Maye was the Warden at USP Leavenworth. He
prioritized good sanitation in housing units. He was present when plaintiff’s cell was
searched on two occasions, and met with plaintiff in an effort to resolve issues
identified in plaintiff’s various administrative remedy requests.
Defendant D. Baker: Defendant Baker was the Unit Manager at USP Leavenworth. He
was involved in the search of plaintiff’s cell on January 2, 2014. Defendant Baker met
with plaintiff and defendant Maye in late January 2014, in an effort to resolve issues
that were the subject of plaintiff’s administrative remedy requests.
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Defendant C. Hartley: Defendant Hartley was a Senior Officer who was involved in
cell searches as part of her duties. She was present for the January 2, 2014 cell search.
Defendant D. Howard: Defendant Howard was a Correctional Counselor for the BLower Housing Unit at USP Leavenworth. He was not involved in the January 2, 2014
cell search, but plaintiff did approach him in January 2014 to request return of his
papers. Defendant Howard told plaintiff he would have to talk to defendant Baker
when Baker returned to the institution. The wait was a few days, and then defendant
Howard talked with defendant Baker.
Defendant J. Herbig: Defendant Herbig was a Technician in the Special Investigative
Section (“SIS Department”) at USP Leavenworth. He processes property confiscated
during cell searches. Defendant Herbig reviewed certain items of plaintiff’s personal
property on January 31, 2014, but that property did not include paper documents or
legal materials. Defendant Herbig investigated plaintiff’s administrative remedies
related to the property seizure and confiscation forms. He met with plaintiff several
times, but these meetings usually did not take place in the middle of a work assignment
(contrary to plaintiff’s unsupported allegation).
Defendant T. Wagner: Defendant Wagner was a General Foreman at USP
Leavenworth. Plaintiff was assigned to work defendant Wagner’s work detail from
June 7, 2013 through March 31, 2014. When plaintiff began working with defendant
Wagner, plaintiff’s work performance was appropriate. But eventually, he began
exhibiting behavior that reflected less appropriate interpersonal skills. In March 2014,
plaintiff was removed from the work assignment because of his work habits and actions.
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Defendant Wagner was not aware that plaintiff had filed a significant number of
administrative remedies.
Defendant V. Logan: Defendant Logan was the Supervisor of Education at USP
Leavenworth. Plaintiff worked in defendant Logan’s department from April 30, 2014
through November 14, 2014, although defendant Logan did not directly supervise
plaintiff. On September 30, 2014, defendant Logan wrote an incident report because
plaintiff was late to work. The incident report was not false, although the time listed on
it was approximate. At the time she wrote the report, defendant Logan was unaware
that plaintiff had filed a number of administrative remedies.
Defendant P. Mitts: Defendant Mitts was a Correctional Counselor at USP
Leavenworth, was involved with a disciplinary hearing for plaintiff being late to work
on September 30, 2014, and imposed discipline for the incident.
Defendant Arellano: Defendant Arellano was a Correctional Counselor at USP
Leavenworth, was involved with the same disciplinary hearing as defendant Mitts, and
imposed discipline for the incident. He documented review of the surveillance video in
the institution’s computer database, called SENTRY. When describing the time that
plaintiff arrived to work, he used the wording “approx.,” which is the standard language
he uses.
Defendant Loftness: Defendant Loftness was the Associate Warden at USP
Leavenworth. He recalls plaintiff filing a number of grievances and administrative
remedies. Defendant Loftness was not personally involved in any of plaintiff’s
allegations regarding property seizure, retaliation, harassment, access to the courts or
administrative remedy process, improper discipline, or termination from work
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assignments. Instead, he acted in a supervisory capacity, reviewing claims that plaintiff
raised to him personally.
B.
Facts
Plaintiff was incarcerated at USP Leavenworth from 2010 through 2016. He alleges that he is
entitled to relief for the following incidents. The facts presented below include both properlysupported facts submitted by defendants and unsupported allegations presented by plaintiff. The court
presents plaintiff’s version of the facts only to give context to his claims. Plaintiff’s account lacks any
evidentiary support, and therefore is improper for consideration on summary judgment.
January 2, 2014 Cell Search: Plaintiff had a significant amount of property in his cell,
as well as paint on the tile in the cell. Defendant Baker instructed staff to place
plaintiff’s locked green duffle bags temporarily in a vacant unit team office. The bags
appeared to contain papers and books. Plaintiff did not indicate to defendant Baker a
need to have immediate access to his legal materials. Defendant Baker gave plaintiff
the opportunity to obtain his legal materials the following day, and gave plaintiff all of
his personal property back on January 13, 2014.
January 3, 2014 Transfer: Because of plaintiff’s excessive property and alteration of
tiles, he was moved to a different cell in B-Lower. Plaintiff makes the unsupported
allegation that the transfer was in retaliation for his pursuit of administrative remedies.
At this time, however, plaintiff had not yet filed forms relating to the January 2 cell
search, and he had only filed two forms overall—compared to over one hundred by the
end of 2014.
January 6, 2014 Property Seizure: Plaintiff claims that numerous items were thrown
from his cell to the floor in front of his door. He claims that defendant Baker seized
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other items and refused plaintiff’s request for a confiscation sheet. Plaintiff also
complains that his administrative remedies were denied for frivolous reasons and
without justification. The uncontroverted evidence, however, shows that defendants
followed policy in searching and confiscating property, and that they had valid bases for
denying administrative remedies.
January 9, 2014 Complaint about Lack of Access to the Courts: Plaintiff advised
defendant Howard that because plaintiff’s legal materials were still being stored in the
office, his right to access to the courts was being hindered and restricted. Defendant
Howard did not return plaintiff’s legal materials that day, failed to tell his superiors that
defendant Baker had violated plaintiff’s constitutional rights, and failed to intervene in
the allegedly unconstitutional deprivation.
January 13, 2014 Return of Property: Defendant Howard returned plaintiff’s property.
Plaintiff claims without support that this was only because plaintiff told defendant
Howard that he was going to file a civil rights complaint. Plaintiff also claims that
several items were missing, but that defendant Howard denied his request for a property
confiscation sheet. Again, however, defendants have presented evidence indicating that
they followed procedure, and that if a confiscation sheet was not given, the reason was
justified by policy.
Late January 2014 Meeting with Defendants Maye and Baker: At this meeting,
defendants Maye and Baker attempted to work out problems with plaintiff. They both
deny telling plaintiff during the meeting that he should stop using the administrative
remedies process. They also deny threatening plaintiff with disciplinary action,
transfers, work detail changes, or other methods of retaliation.
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January 30, 2014 Frivolous Rejections, Cell Trashing: Plaintiff visited defendant Baker
to retrieve administrative remedies responses. According to plaintiff, his claims were
frivolously rejected and had been backdated. He states that defendant Baker refused to
give plaintiff forms to appeal the rejections. An hour later, plaintiff claims that his cell
was in disarray. He claims that he was targeted, to pressure him into abandoning his
requests for administrative remedies. Once again, however, plaintiff’s unsupported
allegations are countered by defendants’ evidence that they followed procedure when
denying grievances. They have further submitted affidavits, in which they state that
they do not deny or impede the access to the administrative remedy process; they would
not retaliate against an inmate for use of the process; and they are not concerned if an
inmate chooses to use the administrative remedy process. Against this evidence,
plaintiff’s unsupported claims cannot be assumed true.
January 31, 2014 Meeting with Defendant Herbig: Plaintiff claims that defendant
Herbig gave him an ultimatum: dismiss his administrative complaints or forfeit all
commissary items taken on January 30, 2014. Plaintiff claims that he was intimidated
into “donating” his property, and that defendant Herbig used “Gestapo-like tactics” to
instill fear and suppress plaintiff’s grievances. Defendant Herbig denies these
allegations by affidavit.
March 19, 2014 Meeting with Defendant Herbig: Plaintiff claims that defendant Herbig
was irate because of one of plaintiff’s complaints directed at defendant Herbig.
According to plaintiff, defendant Herbig threatened him and instructed another officer
to take plaintiff’s personal property from his cell, resulting in another seizure. These
unsupported claims, like the others, are in contradiction to defendant Herbig’s sworn
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statements that he followed protocol, did not threaten plaintiff with cell searches or loss
of his job, was not involved with decisions related to plaintiff’s work assignment, and
did not intimidate plaintiff for using the administrative remedy program or retaliate
against him.
March 31, 2014 Termination from Work Detail: Plaintiff’s work habits and actions
resulted in his termination from defendant Wagner’s work detail. Plaintiff’s
unsupported version of his termination, however, is different. According to plaintiff,
defendant Herbig intentionally made plaintiff repeatedly miss work (as another act of
retaliation and intimidation related to plaintiff’s grievances), which made defendant
Wagner unhappy with plaintiff.
September 30, 2014 Incident Report and October 2, 2014 Disciplinary Hearing:
Defendant Logan reported that plaintiff was late to work on September 30, 2014.
Defendant Mitts and Arrellano reviewed the surveillance video of plaintiff arriving to
work on September 30. They found that he had arrived at 7:53 a.m. when he was
supposed to arrive at 7:30 a.m. In accordance with policy, they imposed progressive
discipline. Plaintiff, on the other hand, claims (without evidentiary support) that the
incident report written by defendant Logan was untrue.
November 14, 2014 Termination from Education Department: Plaintiff’s work with the
Education Department was terminated because of his deteriorating behavior. (Of
course, plaintiff believes it was in continued retaliation for his pursuit of administrative
remedies.)
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II.
Legal Standards
Defendants move for dismissal or summary judgment in the alternative. The court considers
evidence outside of plaintiff’s complaint, and therefore will treat defendants’ motion as one for
summary judgment.
Summary judgment is appropriate if the moving party demonstrates that there is “no genuine
issue as to any material fact” and that it is “entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
56(a). In applying this standard, the court views the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom
in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Adler v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 144 F.3d 664, 670
(10th Cir. 1998) (citing Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986)).
Where, as here, the plaintiff proceeds pro se, the court construes the pro se filings liberally.
Hall v. Doering, 997 F. Supp. 1445, 1451 (D. Kan. 1998) (citing Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 9–10
(1980)). On the other hand, a plaintiff’s pro se status does not relieve him from complying with this
court’s procedural requirements. Barnes v. United States, 173 F. App’x 695, 697 (10th Cir. 2006)
(citations omitted); see also Santistevan v. Colo. Sch. of Mines, 150 F. App’x 927, 931 (10th Cir. 2005)
(holding that a pro se litigant must follow the same rules of procedure as other litigants). As noted
previously, plaintiff’s response includes no admissible evidence or support for his allegations, and the
court therefore evaluates the merits of defendants’ motion based solely on the evidence presented by
defendants.
III.
Discussion
A.
Exhaustion
The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995, 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a), requires that inmates exhaust
available administrative remedies before filing a lawsuit about prison conditions. See Porter v. Nussle,
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534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). Here, plaintiff has exhausted his available administrative remedies for the
following claims:
January 2, 2014 property confiscation, including legal materials;
Failure to return bed sheets after January 2, 2014 confiscation;
January 6, 2014 property confiscation;
Retaliatory cell reassignment;
Defendant Maye’s alleged false statement in correspondence;
Denial of access to legal materials and the court;
Retaliation by staff, the January 30, 3014 meeting with defendants Maye and Baker, and a
refusal to provide administrative remedy forms;
Retaliation by defendant Herbig, including a threat of job loss;
Failure of defendant Loftness to file complaints;
Being disciplined for being absent from work assignment; and
Termination from work detail assignment in the Education Department.
Plaintiff stated in a conclusory fashion that he has exhausted administrative remedies for all of his
claims. But he makes no specific showing, and does not properly controvert defendants’ factual
statement that is supported by the record. The court therefore determines the above-claims are the only
ones plaintiff has exhausted. To the extent that he attempts to bring claims for denial of due process,
other cell searches, or reassignment and his loss of job in Facilities, such claims are barred for failure
to exhaust.
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B.
Bivens Claims Against the United States and Individuals in Official Capacities
Plaintiff brings this suit against the BOP and the ten named defendants in their official and
individual capacities. For the following reasons, the BOP claims and those against defendants in their
official capacities are improper and barred by sovereign immunity.
Plaintiff brings his claims against the ten named defendants under Bivens v. Six Unknown
Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, which provides a cause of action in some cases of
constitutional violations by federal agents and employees.1 403 U.S. 388, 397 (1971). But “[w]hen an
action is one against named individual defendants, but the acts complained of consist of actions taken
by defendants in their official capacity as agents of the United States, the action is in fact one against
the United States.” Weaver v. United States, 98 F.3d 518, 520 (10th Cir. 1996) (citation omitted)
(emphasis omitted). “There is no such animal as a Bivens suit against a public official tortfeasor in his
or her official capacity.” Farmer v. Perrill, 275 F.3d 958, 963 (10th Cir. 2001).
When plaintiffs charge federal officials for wrongdoing while acting in their official capacity,
the charges operate as claims against the United States and not the individual defendants. See, e.g., id.
at 959, 963 (barring a prisoner’s action against the warden and prison psychologist who were acting in
their official capacities). The United States is immune to suit unless sovereign immunity has been
waived. Atkinson v. O’Neill, 867 F.2d 589, 590. The United States has not waived its sovereign
immunity for constitutional torts. See DeHaan v. United States, 3 F. App’x 729, 731 (10th Cir. 2001).
The doctrine of sovereign immunity therefore bars plaintiff’s constitutional claims against the United
States, including the BOP as a federal agency and defendants in their official capacities.
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Plaintiff’s claim for negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress is not an appropriate
subject for a Bivens action, and the court dismisses that claim. See Hachmeister v. Taylor, No. 3205SAC, 2014 WL 547066, at *6 (D. Kan. Feb. 11, 2014).
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C.
Supervisory Liability
Plaintiff sues defendants Maye and Loftness for failing to properly supervise or intervene in the
unconstitutional actions of other staff. Plaintiff also claims that defendant Howard failed to intervene
in the constitutional violations of defendant Baker. For the reasons stated below, the court determines
that the actions of staff were constitutional, which means that plaintiff’s claims for failure to supervise
or intervene are not viable.
D.
Qualified Immunity
The court next turns to the Bivens claims against the prison officials in their individual
capacities. Qualified immunity protects government officials from individual liability under Bivens
unless their conduct “violates ‘clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a
reasonable person would have known.’” Schroeder v. Kochanowski, 311 F. Supp. 2d 1241, 1250 (D.
Kan. 2004) (citing Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982)); Wilson v. Layne, 526 U.S. 603,
609 (1999) (noting that qualified immunity analysis is identical under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Bivens).
When a defendant raises qualified immunity, the plaintiff must show that (1) the defendant’s actions
violated a constitutional or statutory right and (2) the right violated was clearly established at the time
of the conduct in issue. Schroeder, 311 F. Supp. 2d at 1250. At this point, the burden is on the
plaintiff. Scull v. New Mexico, 236 F.3d 588, 595 (10th Cir. 2000).
The court may consider either prong of the qualified immunity test first. Panagoulakos v.
Yazzie, 741 F.3d 1126, 1129 (10th Cir. 2013); see also Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 236 (2009).
Here, the court will first determine whether plaintiff has shown that defendants violated the Fourth,
Fifth, First, or Eighth Amendments, as well as claims of retaliation for exercising his First Amendment
Rights.
1.
Fourth Amendment – Cell Searches
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Plaintiff claims that defendants Maye, Baker, Hartley, Herbig, and others violated his Fourth
Amendment rights by searching his cell. But “prisoners are not protected under the Fourth
Amendment from unreasonable searches of their prison cells or from the wrongful seizure of property
contained in their cells because ‘the Fourth Amendment does not establish a right to privacy in
prisoners’ cells.’” Rodriguez-Rodriguez v. United States, 4 F. App’x 637, 639 (10th Cir. 2001)
(quoting Hayes v. Marriott, 70 F.3d 1144, 1146 (10th Cir. 1995)). Because the searches did not violate
the constitution, defendants are entitled to qualified immunity on this claim.
2.
Fifth Amendment – Property Seizure
Next, plaintiff claims that defendants Maye, Hartley, Baker, Herbig, and others violated the
Fifth Amendment by confiscating his personal property, including legal materials, business plans,
patent applications, a manuscript, and more. But if a meaningful post-deprivation procedure is
available, negligent and intentional deprivations of property do not violate the Fifth Amendment.
Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517, 533 (1984); Jackson v. Wilkinson, 671 F. App’x 717, 718 (10th Cir.
2016). Defendants have identified a number of post-deprivation remedies available to plaintiff,
including the FTCA and Small Claims Act process, as well as prison policies for handling property
confiscation. See Muhammad v. Finley, 74 F. App’x 847, 848 (10th Cir. 2003); Akervik v. Ray, 24 F.
App’x 865, 869 (10th Cir. 2001). Plaintiff has not adequately shown a constitutional violation, and
defendants are entitled to qualified immunity on this claim.
3.
First Amendment – Access to Courts
Plaintiff’s third claim is against defendants Maye, Hartley, Baker, Howard, and Herbig, for
violating plaintiff’s First Amendment right of access to the courts. Plaintiff claims that these
defendants deprived him of his legal materials for two weeks and/or destroyed them. According to
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plaintiff, he was unable to pursue a civil rights case or argue against a sentencing enhancement in a
collateral attack on his federal criminal conviction.
Violations of the constitutional right of access to the courts require a showing of injury due to
the deprivation. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 349 (1996). There must be prejudice. Sterling v.
Edwards, 881 F. Supp. 488, 490 (D. Kan. 1995). Plaintiff has not made this showing. In his criminal
case, plaintiff received the relief that he sought. Plaintiff also has not adequately shown injury in his
civil case. He voluntarily withdrew his complaint after being warned as early as October 2013 that
many—if not all—of his claims may be barred by res judicata or dismissed on other grounds.
Plaintiff’s access to his legal materials was only for a temporary time of eleven days. And defendants
indicate that if plaintiff had advised of an immediate need for access to legal documents, they would
have allowed him to access the materials. Again, plaintiff failed to show a constitutional violation.
4.
Retaliation for Filing Administrative Remedies
Plaintiff also argues that defendants retaliated against him for exercising his right to file
administrative grievances. Retaliation for using the prison grievance process is impermissible. See
Peterson v. Shanks, 149 F.3d 1140, 1144 (10th Cir. 1998) (citing Smith v. Maschner, 899 F.2d 940,
947 (10th Cir. 1990)). But to avoid the bar of qualified immunity, plaintiff must show that defendants’
actions were substantially motivated by his exercise of constitutionally-protected activity. Shero v.
City of Grove, Okl., 510 F.3d 1196, 1203 (10th Cir. 2007).
Plaintiff claims that the following acts were taken in retaliation for his grievance activities: cell
searches, cell moves, interviews by investigative staff, job loss, discipline, and administrative remedy
rejections. These allegedly-retaliatory actions occurred in relatively close proximity to plaintiff’s
protected activities. Temporal proximity alone, however, is insufficient to demonstrate causation for a
retaliation claim. Strope v. Cummings, 381 F. App’x 878, 883 (10th Cir. 2010).
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a.
Cell searches: There is no evidence that the cell searches resulted from
retaliatory motives. To the contrary, the evidence shows that the cell searches were conducted
pursuant to policy and procedure intended to maintain security and sanitation.
b.
Cell Move: Plaintiff’s January 3, 2014 cell move was prior to any
administrative remedy filings related to his January 2 cell search. The uncontroverted evidence shows
that defendants moved plaintiff because of his excessive property and the markings on the wall tiles.
c.
Defendant Herbig’s Interviews: The uncontroverted evidence indicates
that defendant Herbig was assigned to investigate some of plaintiff’s administrative remedies. He
interviewed plaintiff less than five times, usually at the beginning of the work day to avoid disruption.
There is no evidence to suggest that defendant Herbig scheduled these interviews with retaliatory
motive.
d.
Work Detail Assignment Changes: There is no constitutional property or
liberty interest in prison employment. Ingram v. Papalia, 804 F.2d 595, 596–97 (10th Cir. 1986)
(citations omitted). Plaintiff’s claim about his job termination is foreclosed. In any event, the
uncontroverted evidence shows that defendant Wagner terminated plaintiff for inappropriate behavior
and for storing numerous books (for personal use) at the work site. Defendant Wagner also stated by
affidavit that she was not aware that plaintiff had filed a number of grievances.
e.
Defendant Logan’s Incident Report: Plaintiff may not challenge the
content of defendant Logan’s incident report because it is a matter of prison discipline. The
disciplinary conviction has not been invalidated, and plaintiff may not seek to overturn it through this
court. Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994); Edwards v. Balisok, 520 U.S. 641, 648 (1997).
In any event, the uncontroverted evidence shows that defendant Logan did not falsify the incident
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report about plaintiff arriving late for work. Defendants Mitts’ and Arellano’s review of the
surveillance video and disciplinary findings are likewise not subject to challenge.
f.
Rejection of Administrative Remedies: Finally, defendants’
uncontroverted evidence shows that any administrative remedies that were rejected were done so in
accordance with policy. The Administrative Remedy Coordinator stated that the majority of plaintiff’s
administrative remedies were, in fact, not rejected. And plaintiff was generally allowed to correct and
refile submissions if possible. There is no evidence to suggest that any grievances were denied for
retaliatory reasons.
g.
Summary – Retaliation: Because plaintiff has not presented any
admissible evidence of retaliation, he is unable to show a constitutional violation. Plaintiff has not
shown that defendants’ actions were substantially motivated by his exercise of constitutionallyprotected activity. The court therefore grants qualified immunity on these claims.
5.
Eighth Amendment Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Finally, plaintiff generally claims that defendants’ treatment of him constituted cruel and
unusual punishment. He also alleges that he had to go one night without bedding, which was a
violation of the Eighth Amendment, as well.
The “Eighth Amendment requires that prison officials ‘provide humane conditions of
confinement by ensuring inmates receive the basic necessities of adequate food, clothing, shelter, and
medical care and by taking reasonable steps to guarantee the inmates’ safety.’” Brewer v. Gilroy, 625
F. App’x 827, 833 (10th Cir. 2015) (quoting DeSpain v. Uphoff, 264 F.3d 965, 874 (10th Cir. 2001)).
There are objective and subjective components to establishing deliberate indifference based on
inhumane conditions of confinement.
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Objectively, the deprivation alleged must be sufficiently serious—i.e., the challenged action
must deny plaintiff the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities. Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S.
825, 834 (1994). Comfortable prisons are not required by the Eighth Amendment. Rhodes v.
Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 349 (1981); Barney v. Pulsipher, 143 F.3d 1299, 1311 (10th Cir. 1998). Any
deprivation must be extreme. Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 9 (1992).
Subjectively, the prison official must have acted with “‘deliberate indifference’ to inmate
health or safety.” Id. at 834. “[A] prison official cannot be found liable under the Eighth Amendment
for denying an inmate humane conditions of confinement unless the official knows of and disregards
an excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Id. at 837.
Plaintiff’s claims that harassment and retaliation constituted cruel and unusual punishment lack
merit. First, they are unsupported. Second, the general claims of harassment and retaliation do not
involve cruel or inhumane prison conditions. And third, even if they were supported by evidence, they
do not rise to the objective level of an extreme deprivation. Likewise, plaintiff’s more specific
complaint that he slept one night without bedding is insufficient to show an Eighth Amendment
violation—even if it were supported by evidence. Defendants are also entitled to qualified immunity
for this claim because plaintiff does not show a constitutional violation.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that defendant’s Motion to Dismiss or, in the Alternative,
Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc 54) is granted.
The case is closed.
Dated this 28th day of June, 2017, at Kansas City, Kansas.
s/ Carlos Murguia_______________
CARLOS MURGUIA
United States District Judge
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