Bustos v. Sepanek
Filing
7
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER; 1) Clerk shall identify the petitioner on the CM/ECF cover sheet as Jose Antonio Valdovi Bustos and shall list the following names as alias designations for petitioner a) Jose Antonio Valdovinos Bustos and b) Jose Antonio Valdovinos-Busto; 2) petition for writ of habeas corpus and as amended be denied 3) court will enter appropriate judgment and 4) habeas proceeding is DISMISSED and STRICKEN from court's docket. Signed by Judge Henry R. Wilhoit, Jr on 8/13/13.(SMT)cc: COR, Bustos via USMail
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY
NORTHERN DIVISION AT ASHLAND
JOSE ANTONIO VALDOVI BUSTOS,
a/k/a Jose Antonio Valdovinos Bustos,
a/k/a Jose Antonio Valdovinos-Busto,
Petitioner,
v.
MICHAEL SEPANEK, Warden,
Respondent.
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Civil Action No. 13-29-HRW
MEMORANDUM OPINION
AND ORDER
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Jose Antonio Valdovi Bustos, l an inmate confined in the Federal Correctional
Institution in Ashland, Kentucky, has filed a pro se petition for writ ofhabeas corpus
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, challenging his federal drug conviction. [D. E. No.1,
amended at D. E. No.5]
The Court conducts an initial review of habeas corpus petitions. 28 U.S.C.
§ 2243; Alexander v. Northern Bureau a/Prisons, 419 F. App'x 544,545 (6th Cir.
The Bureau of Prisons identifies this petitioner as "Jose Antonio Valdovi Bustos." See
http://ww'W.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=IDSearch&needingMoreList=false&ID
Type=IRN&IDNumber=55006-019&x=107&y=31 (last visited on July 31, 2013). In this case, the
petitioner identified himself as "Jose Antonio Valdovinos Bustos," but in prior federal proceedings
discussed infra, he identified himself as "Jose Antonio Valdovinos-Busto." So that the petitioner's
identification will correspond with the BOP's designation, the Clerk of the Court will be instructed to
identify the petitioner in CMIECF as "Jose Antonio Valdovi Bustos," and to list both "Jose Antonio
Valdovinos Bustos" and "Jose Antonio Valdovinos-Busto" as alias designations for the petitioner.
2011). The Court must deny the petition "if it plainly appears from the petition and
any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief." Rule 4 ofthe Rules
Governing § 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts (applicable to § 2241
petitions under Rule 1(b)). The Court evaluates Valdovi Bustos' petition under a
more lenient standard because he is not represented by an attorney, Erickson v.
Pardus, 551 U.S. 89,94 (2007); Burton v. Jones, 321 F.3d 569,573 (6th Cir. 2003),
accepts his factual allegations as true, and construes his legal claims in his favor. Bell
Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-56 (2007). Having reviewed the
petition, the Court must deny it because Valdovi Bustos can not pursue his claims in
a habeas corpus proceeding under § 2241.
CRIMINAL CONVICTION AND
PRIOR COLLATERAL CHALLENGES
On December 7, 2004, a federal grand jury in Georgia returned a Second
Superseding Indictment charging Valdovi Bustos with conspiracy to possess with
intent to distribute cocaine, methamphetamine, and marijuana (Count One) and
conspiracy to commit money laundering (Count Twenty-Six).
United States v.
Valdovinos-Busto, No. 1:03-CR-00493-0DE-AJB-7 (N. D. Ga. 2003) ("the
Sentencing Court").2 Valdovi-Bustos pleaded not guilty and proceeded to trial, but
2
The federal criminal proceeding actually commended on August 19, 2003, when the
government filed an Information charging Valdovi-Bustos and thirty-two other defendants with
2
on March 22, 2005, the jury found him guilty on both counts. [D. E. No. 1643,
therein] On November 28, 2005, Valdovi Bustos received a 280-month prison
sentence on Count One, and a 240-month prison sentence on Count Twenty-Six, to
run concurrently. [D. E. No. 1938 at 2, therein] On April 19,2007, the Eleventh
Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed his conviction. United States v. Garcia-Jaimes,
484 F .3d 1311 (11 th Cir. 2007) Valdovi Bustos did not seek further direct review.
In August 2010, Valdovi Bustos filed a motion to vacate his sentence under
this § 2255, in which he raised one ground for relief: that his sentence was imposed
in violation of his Sixth Amendment right to confrontation, as stated in
Melendez-Diazv. Massachusetts, 557 U.S. 305, 129 S. Ct. 2527 (June 25, 2009). [D.
E. No. 2333, therein] Valdovi Bustos alleged that at sentencing, he was denied the
right to confront a government witness whose testimony linked him to international
money laundering activities, which he claims violated his right to confront witnesses
set forth in Melendez-Diaz; 3 that Melendez-Diaz was a new "fact" in the Eleventh
Circuit, and that he only became aware of Melendez-Diaz in mid-September 2009.
committing various criminal offenses. [D.
No.1, therein]
Melendez-Diaz held at an analyst's affidavit concerning the results of a forensic analysis is not
admissible at trial unless the analyst appears as a witness or, if unavailable, the defendant has previously
had an opportunity to cross-examine the analyst. Id. 557 U.S. at 325-27.
3
[Id., at unnumbered page 4, therein] The United States argued that the § 2255 motion
should be dismissed as untimely.4 [D. E. No. 2341]
On February 15,2011, the Sentencing Court denied Valdovi-Bustos'§ 2255
motion as untimely. [D. E. No. 2369] The Sentencing Court stated that Valdovi
Bustos' conviction became final on July 18, 2007, the date on which his time to seek
a writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court expired (which was 90 days
after the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed his conviction on April 19,
2007); that under 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f), Valdovi Bustos had one year from July 18,
2007 in which to file a motion challenging his sentence; but that Valdovi Bustos did
not file his § 2255 motion until August 2010, more than three years after his
conviction became final. [Id., p. 5]
The Sentencing Court further determined that Valdovi Bustos had not
established grounds for tolling the one-year statute of limitations period set forth in
§ 225 5( f)( 1), and that a court ruling in a case unrelated to a movant's case, such as
Melendez-Diaz, did not qualify as "a newly discoverable fact" under § 2255(f)(4).
[Id., p. 6] Finally, the Sentencing Court denied Valdovi Bustos a certificate of
4
The United States argued that (1) Melendez-Diaz did not create a new right that is retroactively
applicable on collateral review; (2) confrontation rights do not apply to sentencing proceedings; and (3)
Melendez-Diaz did not qualify as a "fact" under § 2255(f)(4). [D. E. No. 2341 at 5-6] In his reply,
Valdovi-Bustos repeated his previous arguments and argued that defendants do have confrontation rights
at sentencing. [D. E. No. 2356, at pp. 5-6]
4
appealability, stating that it " ... was unwarranted because it is not debatable that this
action is time barred." [Id., p. 7]
In July 2011, Valdovi Bustos filed his first application to file a successive §
2255 motion. In re: Jose Valdovinos-Busto, No. 11-12995-E (lith Cir. 2011).
Valdovi Bustos argued that he received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial
because his counsel failed to inform him of a plea offer which the government made
prior to trial, and that had he known of the plea offer, he would have accepted it.
Valdovi Bustos also argued that the Sentencing Court court erred in determining the
drug quantity applicable to him under the federal guidelines.
On July 20, 2011, the Eleventh Circuit denied V aldovi -Bustos' first application
to file a second or successive § 2255 motion. [Id., D. E. No.2, therein] The appellate
court determined that because Valdovi-Bustos' Sixth Amendment claim ofineffective
assistance of counsel did not impact whether he was guilty or innocent of the
underlying criminal offenses, it did not meet the requirements of § 2255(h)(I). [Id.,
p. 2] The court further determined that because Valdovi-Bustos' other claim-
challenging the manner in which his sentence was enhanced--did not rely on either
a new rule oflaw or newly discovered evidence, the claim did not satisfy the criteria
set forth in § 2255(h).
5
In September 2012, Valdovi Bustos filed a second application seeking the
Eleventh Circuit's permission to file a successive § 2255 motion. In re: Jose
Valdovinos-Bustos, No. 12-14526-E (lIth Cir. 2012) Valdovi Bustos again argued
that he received ineffective assistance ofcounsel because his counsel failed to inform
him of a plea offer made by the government prior to trial, and that he would have
accepted the plea offer ifhe had known about it. He alleged that because he instead
went to trial and received a sentence twice as long as the sentence he would have
received ifhe had accepted the plea offer, he was entitled to relief based on the new
rules of constitutional law established in Missouri v. Frye, _U.S._, 132 S.Ct.
1399 (2012), and Lafler v. Cooper, _U.S. _,132 S.Ct. 1376 (2012).5
On September 19,2012, the Eleventh Circuit denied Valdovi-Bustos' second
application to file a second or successive § 2255 motion. [Id., D. E. No.2, therein]
The Eleventh Circuit acknowledged that the Supreme Court did not directly address
whether Frye and Lafler constituted new rules of constitutional law or applied
5
In Frye, the Supreme Court held that defense counsel has a duty to communicate formal offers
from the prosecution to accept a plea on terms that may be favorable to the accused, prior to the offer's
expiration, and that defense counsel's failure to inform a defendant of a written plea offer before it
expired satisfies the deficient performance prong ofthe standard set forth in Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668 (1986). In Lafler, the defendant went to trial rather than accept a plea deal as a result of
ineffective assistance of counsel during the plea negotiation process. Lafler, 132 S.Ct. at 1386. The
defendant received a substantially more severe sentence at trial than he likely would have received by
pleading guilty. !d.
6
retroactively, but noted that it had since held that neither case announced new rules
ofconstitutional law; that both cases were dictated by Strickland; and that both cases
merely applied the Sixth Amendment, as defined in Strickland, to specific factual
contexts. [Id., p. 2, citing In re Perez, 682 F.3d 930, 932 (11 th Cir. 2012)].
The court next concluded that even ifthe government's letter offering the plea
agreement constituted newly discovered evidence, it did not "demonstrate by clear
and convincing evidence that no reasonable factfinder would have found him
[Valdovi Bustos] guilty of the underlying offense because it relates only to his prior
claim and alleged evidence showing that the government offered a plea agreement,
and not to facts involving the underlying drug and money laundering conspiracies for
which he was convicted." [Id., at p. 3] For these reasons, the Eleventh Circuit held
Valdovi Bustos had satisfied neither ofthe grounds set forth in § 2255 (h)(1) and (2).
CLAIMS ASSERTED IN THE § 2241 PETITION
Valdovi Bustos alleges that his Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights were
violated in numerous instances during his criminal proceeding. Valdovi Bustos
alleges that his Sixth Amendment rights were violated because his counsel was
ineffective for failing to inform him of the existence of the plea offer prior to trial,
and that the Sentencing Court violated his Sixth Amendment rights by denying him
his right to confront a witness who testified as to the type and quality of drugs at
7
issue. As to his Sixth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Valdovi
Bustos alleges that he is entitled to relief from his sentence under § 2241 based on the
subsequently rendered Frye and Lafler decisions, which he contends apply
retroactively to him. Valdovi Bustos again bases his Sixth Amendment witness
confrontation claim on the Melendez-Diaz decision.
Valdovi Bustos further alleges that the Sentencing Court violated his Fifth
Amendment right to due process oflaw by allowing two Drug Enforcement Agency
("DEA") officials to testify as experts; by finding facts pertaining to his criminal
conduct which were not alleged in the indictment; and by enhancing his sentence
under the federal sentencing guidelines based on facts not alleged in the indictment.
DISCUSSION
Valdovi Bustos is not challenging the execution of his sentence, such as the
computation ofsentence credits or parole eligibility, issues which fall under the ambit
of § 2241. United States v. Jalili, 925 F.2d 889, 894 (6th Cir. 1999). Instead,
Valdovi Bustos challenges the constitutionality of his underlying federal conviction
on Fifth and Sixth Amendment grounds. But § 2241 is not the mechanism for
asserting such a challenge: 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a) provides the primary avenue ofrelief
for federal prisoners seeking relief from an unlawful conviction or sentence, Terrell
v. United States, 564 F.3d 442, 447 (6th Cir. 2009), and is the mechanism for
8
collaterally challenging errors that occurred "at or prior to sentencing." Eaves v.
United States, 4:10-CV-36, 2010 WL 3283018, at *6 (E.D. Tenn. Aug. 17,2010).
Section 2255(e) provides a narrow exception to this rule, and permits a prisoner
to challenge the legality of his conviction through a § 2241 petition, where his
remedy under Section 2255 "is inadequate or ineffective" to test the legality of his
detention. The only circumstance in which a petitioner may use this provision is
where, after his conviction has become final, the Supreme Court re-interprets the
terms of the statute the petitioner was convicted of violating in such a way that his
actions did not violate the statute. Martin v. Perez, 319 F.3d 799,804 (6th Cir. 2003).
See Barnes v. United States, 102 F. App'x 441, 443 (6th Cir. 2004) ("A prisoner who
can show that an intervening change in the law establishes his actual innocence can
invoke the savings clause of § 2255 and proceed under § 2241."); Lott v. Davis, 105
F. App'x 13, 14-15 (6th Cir. 2004). This exception does not apply where the prisoner
failed to seize an earlier opportunity to correct a fundamental defect in his conviction
under pre-existing law, or where he did assert his claim in a prior post-conviction
motion under § 2255, but was denied relief. Charles v. Chandler, 180 F.3d 753, 756
(6th Cir. 1999); United States v. Prevatte, 300 F.3d 792, 800 (7th Cir. 2002).
None of Valdovi Bustos's Fifth and Sixth Amendment claims fall within the
exception set forth in § 2255. Valdovi Bustos raised his Sixth Amendment witness
9
confrontation!Melendez-Diaz claim in his § 2255 motion, but as noted, the Sentencing
Court denied his § 2255 motion as untimely--thus rejecting that particular issue-
finding that Valdovi Bustos § 2255 had waited three years too long to file his § 2255
motion.
The remedy provided under § 2255 is not rendered inadequate and
ineffective if the prisoner presented a claim in a § 2255 motion but was denied relief
on the claim, ifhe failed to assert a claim in his § 2255 motion, or ifhe was denied
permission to file a second or successive § 2255 motion. See Charles, 180 F.3d at
756-758; Rumler v. Hemingway, 43 F. App'x 946, 947 (6th Cir. 2002); Bautista v.
Shartle, 2012 WL 11135 at *2 (N.D. Ohio Jan. 3,2012).
Valdovi Bustos can not use § 2241 as a vehicle merely to assert the same Sixth
Amendment witness confrontation!Melendez Diaz claim which was decided adversely
to him in the § 2255 proceeding. Section 2241 is not an additional, alternative, or
supplemental remedy to the one provided in § 2255. Charles, 180 F.3d at 758. See
Lucas v. Berkebile, No. 7:11-28-HRW, 2012 WL 2342888, at *2 (E.D. Ky. June 19,
2012) ("Section 2241 is not an available to a petitioner who merely wishes to reargue
claims considered and rejected in a prior motion under Section 2255.")
Valdovi Bustos previously raised his other Sixth Amendment claim (alleged
ineffective assistance of counsel) in not one, but two, applications seeking the
Eleventh Circuit's permission to file second or successive § 2255 motions. In his
10
second such application, Valdovi Bustos cited Frye and Lafler as authority for his
argument. The Eleventh Circuit denied both applications, explaining both times that
the fact that Valdovi Bustos had subsequently discovered a letter containing the
government's plea offer, which his counsel allegedly did not communicate to him, did
not warrant the filing of a second or successive § 2255 motion because such a fact,
even if true, did not pertain to the issue of whether Valdovi Bustos was guilty or
innocent ofthe drug crimes ofwhich he was convicted. In its September 2012 Order,
the Eleventh Circuit further explained to Valdovi Bustos that under that circuit's
precedent, neither Frye nor Lafler apply retroactively to cases on collateral review.
Clearly, Valdovi Bustos has had more than one bite at the apple on this
particular Sixth Amendment claim, and the Eleventh Circuit has repeatedly refused
to allow him to file successive § 2255 motions raising it. The fact that a petitioner
has been denied permission to file successive § 2255 motions does mean that his
remedy under § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective to challenge his federal
conviction.
See
Scruggs v. Snyder, 41 F. App'x 829, 830 (6th Cir. 2002)
("Moreover, neither the denials of his § 2255 petition nor his requests to file second
or successive motions to vacate render the remedy under § 2255 inadequate or
ineffective."). Simply put, the fact that Valdovi Bustos has been unsuccessful in his
11
§ 2255 motion, and in subsequent proceedings seeking permission to file successive
§ 2255 motions, does not entitle him to relief under § 2241.
In his § 2241 petition, Valdovi Bustos also claims that the Sentencing Court
violated his Fifth Amendment right to due process oflaw by making findings of fact
which were not alleged in the indictment, by allowing the DEA agents to testify as
experts and give hearsay testimony, and by improperly enhancing his sentence under
the federal guidelines based on facts not alleged in the indictment. Valdovi Bustos
either was, or should have been, aware of the facts giving rise to all of these Fifth
Amendment claims by July 18,2008, the date on which he would have been required
to file a timely § 2255 motion in the Sentencing Court. Valdovi Bustos did not assert
these claim in his untimely § 2255 motion, and he can not use § 2241 in order to
assert various Fifth Amendment due process claims which he could and should have
asserted, but failed to assert, in a timely § 2255 motion. Section 2241 is not an
additional, alternative, or supplemental remedy to the one provided in § 2255.
Charles, 180 F.3d at 758.
Further, Valdovi Bustos unsuccessfully raised one of these claims in his first
application to file a second or successive § 2255 motion, alleging therein that the
sentencing court erred in making certain findings of fact which were not alleged in
the indictment, i.e., the drug quantity applicable to him under the federal guidelines.
12
The Eleventh Circuit rejected that claim, finding that it was not based on either a new
rule of law or newly discovered evidence, the criteria for granting relief under §
2255(h). And as noted, an appellate court's denial of a motion to file a successive §
2255 motion does mean that the remedy under § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective
to challenge a petitioner's federal conviction.
For the foregoing reasons, Valdovi Bustos has not established that his remedy
under § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective to challenge his detention.
Alternatively, a prisoner proceeding under § 2241 can use the savings clause
of § 2255 ifhe alleges "actual innocence," Bannerman v. Snyder, 325 F.3d 722, 724
(6th Cir. 2003); Paulino v. United States, 352 F.3d 1056, 1061 (6th Cir. 2003). An
actual innocence claim can arise only where, after the prisoner's conviction became
final, the Supreme Court re-interprets the substantive terms of the criminal statute
under which he was convicted in a manner that establishes that his conduct did not
violate the statute. Hayes v. Holland, 473 F. App'x 501, 501-02 (6th Cir. 2012) ("To
date, the savings clause has only been applied to claims of actual innocence based
upon Supreme Court decisions announcing new rules of statutory construction
unavailable for attack under section 2255."); Prevatte, 300 F.3d at 800-801; Eiland
v. Rios, No. 7:07-CV-83-GFVT (E.D. Ky. May 3, 2007), affd, No. 07-5735 (6th Cir.
Nov. 28, 2007) (same). Actual innocence requires factual innocence, not mere legal
13
insufficiency. Bousley v. United States, 523 U.S. 614, 623-24 (1998); Wooten v.
Cauley, 677 F.3d 303,307 (6th Cir. 2012); Hilliard v. United States, 157 F.3d 444,
450 (6th Cir. 1998).
To make this showing, the movant must allege a new rule of law made
retroactive by a Supreme Court case, such as the claim raised in Bailey v. United
States, 516 U.S. 137(1995). Townsend v. Davis, 83 F. App'x 728 (6th Cir. 2003);
United States v. Peterman, 249 F.3d. 458, 461 (6th Cir. 2001). Valdovi Bustos
contends that Frye and Lafler qualify as new rules of law which the Supreme Court
has made retroactively applicable, and that they afford him relief from his sentence.
That assertion is incorrect for two reasons. First, as the Eleventh Circuit
explained in both of its orders denying Valdovi Bustos' requests to file second or
successive § 2255 motions, Valdovi Bustos can not base an "actual innocence" claim
on Frye and Lafler because even assuming that his trial counsel did in fact fail to
inform him ofthe government's plea offer, that failure does not equate into a finding
that Valdovi Bustos was actually innocent ofthe drug and money laundering offenses
of which he was convicted. Indeed, Valdovi Bustos was not actually innocent of
these offenses because on direct appeal of Val dovi Bustos' conviction, the Eleventh
Circuit determined that the evidence presented at trial sufficiently supported his
conviction on the drug and money laundering counts. See United States v.
14
Garcia-Jaimes, 484 F .3d at 1321-22. A federal court in a post-conviction proceeding
can rely on the factual conclusions made by an appellate court in the same case.
Smith v. Snyder, 22 F. App'x 552,553 (6th Cir. 2001); Myers v. United States, 198
F.3d 615,619 (6th Cir. 1999). Thus, Valdovi Bustos' Sixth Amendment ineffective
assistance of counsel claim is one of legal innocence, not one alleging "actual"
innocence of the drug and money laundering offenses of which he was convicted.
Second, the Eleventh Circuit previously explained that under the law of that
circuit, Frye and Lafler are not new rules oflaw which the Supreme Court has made
retroactively applicable. Four other circuit courts have also ruled that because Frye
and Lafler do not announce a new constitutional rule justifying a second or
subsequent § 2255 petition, they are not retroactively applicable to cases on collateral
review. Buenrostro v. United States, 697 F.3d 1137,1140 (9th Cir. 2012); In re King,
697 F.3d 1189 (5th Cir. 2012); Hare v. United States, 688 F.3d 878, 879 (7th Cir.
2012); and In re Graham, 714 F.3d 1181, 1183 (lOth Cir. April 23, 2013). Based on
this authority, this Court concludes that Frye and Lafler are not retroactively
applicable to cases on collateral review because they do not announce a new
constitutional rule. Thus, these cases do not support Valdovi Bustos' argument.
Finally, to the extent that Valdovi Bustos alleges that the Sentencing Court
improperly enhanced his sentence under certain provisions ofthe federal guidelines,
15
his claim lacks merit. Federal courts in this and other circuits have consistently held
that a challenge to a sentence, as opposed to a conviction, is not a claim of "actual
innocence" which may be pursued under § 2241. Hayes, 473 F. App'x at 502
("Hayes does not assert that he is actually innocent of his federal offenses. Rather,
he claims actual innocence of the career offender enhancement. The savings clause
of section 2255(e) does not apply to sentencing claims."). Simply put, the savings
clause of § 2255 extends only to petitioners asserting a claim of actual innocence
regarding their convictions, not their sentences. Peterman, 249 F.3 d at 462; Marrero
v. Ives, 682 F.3d 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2012); Mackey v. Berkebile, No.
7:12-CV-10-KSF, 2012 WL 4433316 (E.D. Ky. Sept. 25,2012), aff'd, No. 12-6202
(6th Cir. March 15,2013) (stating that allegations of sentencing errors do not qualify
as claims of actual innocence under the savings clause); Thornton v. Ives, No.
6:11-CV-35-GFVT, 2011 WL 4586917, at *3 (E.D. Ky. Sept. 29,2011), aff'd, No.
12-5051 (6th Cir. Sept. 11,2012) (same).
In summary, the burden is on the § 2241 petitioner to establish that the remedy
under § 2255 was inadequate or ineffective. Martin, 319 F.3d at 804-05. Valdovi
Bustos has neither carried his burden of showing that as to his Fifth and Sixth
Amendment claims, his remedy under § 2255 was inadequate to challenge his federal
conviction, nor established a claim of actual innocence. For these reasons, Valdovi
16
Bustos has not demonstrated that he is entitled to relief from his conviction under §
2241. Valdovi Bustos' petition will be denied and this proceeding will be dismissed.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that:
1.
The Clerkofthe Court shall identify the petitioner on the CMIECF cover
sheet as "JOSE ANTONIO VALDOVI BUSTOS," and shall list the following
names as alias designations for the petitioner: (a) "Jose Antonio Valdovinos Bustos,"
and (b) "Jose Antonio Valdovinos-Busto."
2.
Jose Antonio Valdovi Bustos' 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition for a writ of
habeas corpus [D. E. No.1, as amended at D. E. No.5] is DENIED;
3.
The Court will enter an appropriate judgment; and
4.
This habeas proceeding is DISMISSED and STRICKEN from the
Court's docket.
This August 13,2013.
17
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