Mitchell et al v. McKesson Corporation et al

Filing 60

MEMORANDUM DECISION and ORDER re Defendants' Motion to Transfer or Sever, signed by District Judge Lawrence J. O'Neill on 4/24/16. CASE TRANSFERRED to District of Kentucky.(Verduzco, M) [Transferred from caed on 4/25/2016.]

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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THOMAS MITCHELL, et al.,

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Plaintiffs,

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v.

1:12-cv-1907-LJO-SKO
MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER
RE DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO
TRANSFER OR SEVER (Doc. 54)

MCKESSON CORPORATION, et al.,

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Defendants.

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I. INTRODUCTION

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Defendants Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mylan, Inc., and Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

13 (collectively, “Defendants”), move under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) (“§ 1404(a)”) to transfer this case to the
14 United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky.1 Doc. 54. The Court took the matter
15 under submission on the papers pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). See Doc. 59. For the following reasons,
16 the Court GRANTS Defendants’ motion and TRANSFERS this case to the Eastern District of Kentucky.
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II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

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This is one of three cases in this District (and one of many more throughout the nation)

19 concerning allegations that prescription pain medications containing propoxyphene cause various
20 injuries. Plaintiffs originally filed this case in California state court and Defendants removed it to this
21 Court under the “mass action” provision of the Class Action Fairness Act (“CAFA”), 28 U.S.C. §
22 1332(d). Doc. 1. The Ninth Circuit ultimately concluded removal on that ground was appropriate and
23 permissible. See Corber v. Xanodyne Pharm., Inc., 771 F.3d 1218 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc).
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In the alternative, Defendants move to sever from this case a number of Plaintiffs and claims. Because the Court grants
Defendants’ motion to transfer, Defendants’ motion to sever is DENIED AS MOOT.

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This case became part of the multi-district litigation (“MDL”) established in the Eastern District

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of Kentucky for the numerous2 claims across the country concerning propoxyphene-related injuries. See

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In re Darvocet, Darvon & Propoyxphene Prods. Liab. Litig, No. 2:11-cv-2226 (E.D. Ky.) (“In re

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Darvocet”). Because the proceedings of the MDL “essentially are complete,” the Judicial Panel on

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Multidistrict Litigation (“JPML”) recently remanded the case back to this Court. Doc. 36 at 1.

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Defendants now argue this case should be transferred back to the Eastern District of Kentucky

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because transfer will promote efficiency, serve the interests of justice, and will be more convenient for

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the parties and witnesses than this Court. Doc. 54 at 2. Defendants point out that two California district

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courts recently transferred virtually identical cases to the Eastern District of Kentucky. See id. at 9

10 (citing Romo v. McKesson Corp., No. 12-2036 PSG (Ex), 2015 WL 3622620, at *1 (C.D. Cal. June 9,
11 2015); Keene v. McKesson Corp., No. 12-cv-5924-JST, 2015 WL 9257949 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2015)).
Plaintiffs dispute Defendants’ contention that this case should be transferred. See Doc. 57.

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13 Plaintiffs also claim as a threshold matter that transfer is expressly prohibited under § 1332(d)(11)(C)(i)
14 of CAFA, id. at 9,which provides that any action removed under CAFA’s mass action provision “shall
15 not thereafter be transferred to any other court pursuant to [28 U.S.C.] section 1407 [(“§ 1407”)], or the
16 rules promulgated thereunder, unless a majority of the plaintiffs in the action request transfer pursuant to
17 section 1407.”
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III. STANDARD OF DECISION

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The Court “has discretion to adjudicate motions for transfer [under § 1404(a)] according to an

20 individualized, case-by-case consideration of convenience and fairness.” Jones v. GNC Franchising,
21 Inc., 211 F.3d 495, 498 (9th Cir. 2000) (citation and quotations omitted). “For the convenience of parties
22 and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district
23 where it might have been brought.” § 1404(a). The Ninth Circuit has outlined ten additional factors
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See, e.g., Romo, 2015 WL 3622620, at *1 (“This is one of twenty-six cases pending before this Court regarding personal
injuries relating to . . . propoxyphene”); see also Keene v. McKesson Corp., No. 12-cv-5924-JST, 2015 WL 9257949, at *1
(N.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2015) (noting seven related actions in the district concerning propoxyphene).

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courts may consider in deciding a § 1404(a) transfer motion:

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(1) the location where the relevant agreements were negotiated and executed, (2) the state that is
most familiar with the governing law, (3) the plaintiff’s choice of forum, (4) the respective
parties’ contacts with the forum, (5) the contacts relating to the plaintiff’s cause of action in the
chosen forum, (6) the differences in the costs of litigation in the two forums, (7) the availability
of compulsory process to compel attendance of unwilling non-party witnesses, (8) the ease of
access to sources of proof . . . [(9)] the presence of a forum selection clause . . . [and (10)] the
relevant public policy of the forum state, if any.

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Id. at 498-99 (footnote omitted). The moving party bears the burden of establishing that a case should be

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transferred. Id. at 498.

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IV. ANALYSIS

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Defendants stress that Romo, 2015 WL 3622620, and Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, are entirely on-

10 point and urge the Court to follow their lead. See Doc. 54 at 9. Notably, Plaintiffs do not argue
11 otherwise; their only argument concerning these cases is that Judge Gutierrez wrongly decided in Romo
12 that CAFA does not bar a § 1404(a) transfer. See Doc. 57 at 11. The Court has thoroughly reviewed
13 Romo, Keene, and the record in this case, and agrees with Defendants that Romo and Keene are entirely
14 applicable here. Further, the Court agrees with their reasoning, which rejected largely the same
15 arguments Plaintiffs put forth in their opposition to Defendants’ motion. The Court therefore follows the
16 analysis of Romo and Keene here.
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A. CAFA Does Not Bar a § 1404(a) Transfer.
As both Judges Tigar and Gutierrez noted, by its plain language, § 1332(d)(11)(C)(i) of CAFA

19 applies only to § 1407 transfers. See Romo, 2015 WL 3622620, at *2-3; Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, at
20 *2-3. Section 1407, in turn, applies only to MDL transfers ordered by JPML. Simply put,
21 § 1332(d)(11)(C)(i) has no bearing on a district court’s ability to transfer a case under § 1404(a).
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B. Transfer Under § 1404 Is Appropriate.

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a. This Case Could Have Been Brought in the Eastern District of Kentucky.

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Under § 1404(a), a case may be transferred only to a district court “where it might have been

25 brought.” Plaintiffs do not dispute that this case could have been brought in the Eastern District of
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Kentucky because Defendant Xanodyne Pharmaceuticals, Inc., maintains its principal place of business

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within that District.

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b. The Interests of Justice Strongly Support Transfer.

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The thrust of Defendants’ argument in support of transfer is that the Eastern District of Kentucky

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(specifically, Judge Danny Reeves3) has become familiar with the propoxyphene litigation through its

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presiding over the years-long proceedings in In re Darvocet and its ongoing involvement in other

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numerous cases that are substantially similar (or virtually identical) to this case, such as Romo and

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Keene. See Doc. 54 at 14.
Plaintiffs do not and cannot dispute that Judge Reeves has been intimately involved with

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10 propoxyphene litigation for years and, as a result, is undoubtedly far more familiar with the issues this
11 case presents than is this Court. Plaintiffs also do not and cannot dispute that Judge Reeves has
12 developed numerous case management procedures and protocols for these cases and has made numerous
13 pertinent rulings. As Judge Gutierrez observed, Judge Reeves “has become familiar with the issues at
14 stake in this litigation and would, consequently, resolve them more efficiently.” Romo, 2015 WL
15 3622620, at *4. This is particularly true given that the Eastern District of Kentucky has a per-judge
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16 weighted caseload of 283, whereas this Court has a per-judge weighted caseload of 930.

The Court agrees with Judge Tigar that “[c]ombining the various propoxyphene cases in a single

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18 district would avoid inefficient duplication of efforts in judicial proceedings as well as the danger of
19 inconsistent results.” Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, at *4. “To permit a situation in which two cases
20 involving precisely the same issues are simultaneously pending in different District Courts leads to the
21 wastefulness of time, energy and money that [§] 1404(a) was designed to prevent.” Cont’l Grain Co. v.
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Defendants correctly observe that, if transferred to the Eastern District of Kentucky, this case would be assigned to Judge
Reeves pursuant to that court’s Local Rules. See Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, at *3 n.3.
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See Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Table, Combined Civil and Criminal Federal Court Management
Statistics (June 30, 2015), available at http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics/table/na/federal-court-managementstatistics/2015/06/30-3 (last visited Apr. 19, 2016).

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The FBL-585, 364 U.S. 19, 26 (1960). Accordingly, the Court finds that the interests of justice strongly

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favor transfer. See Romo, 2015 WL 3622620, at *3 (“Of the over a dozen factors that courts consider

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[when assessing whether the interests of justice favor transfer], only one could arguably weigh in favor

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of the Central District of California—Plaintiffs’ choice of forum.”).

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c. The Eastern District of Kentucky Is a More Convenient Forum.

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The final requirement for transfer under § 1404(a) is that the transferee court is more convenient

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for the witnesses and parties than the transferor court. Although Plaintiffs are correct that Defendants do

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not provide much specific information or evidence concerning potential witnesses, there are at least

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three reasons why the Eastern District of Kentucky is a more convenient forum than this Court.
First, when transferring In re Darvocet to that forum, the JPML noted:

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Because potential plaintiffs and putative class members will reside in every corner of the country
and defendants are located in several states, the location of the currently filed cases is not a
particularly significant factor in our decision.

13 In re Darvocet, 780 F. Supp. 2d 1379, 1381-82 (J.P.M.L. 2011). That the JPML established the Eastern
14 District of Kentucky was a convenient forum for the MDL strongly suggests it remains a convenient
15 forum for this case because, as Plaintiffs note, a “large number” of Plaintiffs are “located in the central
16 and eastern regions on the United States.” Doc. 57 at 18. Although the Eastern District of Kentucky may
17 not be ideal for all parties, it appears more convenient than California for many of them. The same can
18 be said of Defendants because only one of nineteen Defendants (McKesson Corporation) is California19 based.
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Second, Judge Tigar found—and Plaintiffs do not now dispute—that “Xanodyne is the most

21 significant Defendant” in this litigation and “much of the testimony and evidence will likely be related
22 to it.” Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, at *5. Conversely, Plaintiffs do not dispute Defendants’ assertion that
23 McKesson Corporation—the only California defendant—is a “tangentially related” distributor and
24 relatively insignificant Defendant. Therefore, more “[r]elevant documents and witnesses likely are
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located within the Eastern District of Kentucky at defendant Xanodyne’s Newport[, Kentucky]

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headquarters” than in California. In re Darvocet, 780 F. Supp. 2d at 1382.
Third, it appears that the substantially similar (or virtually identical) propoxyphene-related

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claims of over 1,000 plaintiffs from across the country are currently pending in the Eastern District of

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Kentucky.5 Plaintiffs do not “suggest any inconvenience that would be caused by transfer, or that could

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offset eliminating the inconvenience of requiring key witnesses to travel to both Kentucky and

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California rather than a single forum for all of the propoxyphene cases.” Keene, 2015 WL 9257949, at

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*5; see also Puri v. Hearthside Food Solutions, LLC, No. 11-cv-8675-JFW (SSx), 2011 WL 6257182, at

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*3 (C.D. Cal. 2011) (“[L]itigation of related claims in the same tribunal is strongly favored because it

10 facilitates efficient, economical and expeditious pre-trial proceedings and discovery and avoid[s]
11 duplicitous litigation and inconsistent results.”) (internal quotations omitted). The Court therefore finds
12 transferring this case to the Eastern District of Kentucky would be more convenient for the parties and
13 witnesses.
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V. CONCLUSION AND ORDER

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For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS Defendants’ motion to transfer this case to the

16 Eastern District of Kentucky. Defendants’ motion to sever is DENIED AS MOOT.
17 IT IS SO ORDERED.
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Dated:

/s/ Lawrence J. O’Neill

April 24, 2016

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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For instance, according to Defendants, Romo and Keene involve the claims of approximately 1,300 Plaintiffs. See Doc. 58
at 7 n.2. In addition, the Court is transferring to the Eastern District of Kentucky this case and two other propoxyphenerelated cases, which involve the claims of dozens of plaintiffs.

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