Gray v. SSA
Filing
19
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER: 1) 15 Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings is GRANTED. 2) 18 Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED. 3) SSA decision denying Pla's disability claim is REVERSED. 4) Pursuant to sentence four of 42 USC 405(g), this matter is REMANDED to SSA for further proceedings consistent w this opinion. 5) Matter is STRICKEN from the active docket, to be restored to the active docket upon motion by any party for good cause shown. Signed by Magistrate Judge Edward B. Atkins on 4/23/2018.(SCD)cc: COR
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY
CENTRAL DIVISION
LEXINGTON
CIVIL ACTION NO. 5:17-cv-00380-EBA
RONALD GRAY,
PLAINTIFF,
V.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
AND ORDER
NANCY A. BERRYHILL, in her
official capacity as the Acting
Commissioner of the Social
Security Administration,
DEFENDANT.
Plaintiff, Ronald Gray, brings this action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) to
challenge Defendant Commissioner’s final decision denying Plaintiff’s application for Social
Security Disability Insurance Benefits. [R. 1]. This matter has been referred to the undersigned to
conduct all proceedings and order the entry of a final judgment in accordance with 28 U.S.C. §
636(c) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 73. [R. 12; R. 13; R. 14]. The specific matters currently
before this Court include Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15] and Defendant’s
responsive Motion for Summary Judgment [R. 18]. Both matters are now ripe for decision, and,
for the reasons discussed below, Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15] will be
granted, and Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [R. 18] will be denied. Accordingly, the
Court will reverse the Defendant Commissioner’s decision to deny Plaintiff’s disability claim and
remand this matter for further administrative proceedings in accordance with this order.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On June 9, 2014, Plaintiff filed a Title II application for a period of disability and disability
insurance benefits. [R. 10-1, at 81]. On November 19, 2014, Plaintiff’s claim was denied for the
first time. Id. On April 8, 2015, Plaintiff’s claim was denied for the second time. Id. On August 1,
2016, an additional hearing was held. Id. On September 23, 2016, Plaintiff’s claim was denied for
the third time. Id. at 81-91. Plaintiff then filed an administrative appeal; however, on July 19, 2017,
the Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review. Id. at 4. Having exhausted his
administrative remedies, on September 20, 2017, Plaintiff sought review through an action in this
Court. [R. 1].
On January 22, 2018, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(c), Plaintiff filed the
present Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15], with an accompanying Memorandum in
Support [R. 16], arguing the following:
1. The [Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”)] erred by failing to include mental
limitations in the RFC, despite acknowledging that Plaintiff suffers from depression
and anxiety. The ALJ further erred by improperly discounting the opinion of
consultative examiner, Dr. [Robert W.] Genthner, without proper evaluation.
2. The Step 4 determination is not supported by substantial evidence because the
ALJ relied on Vocational Expert testimony elicited in response to an incomplete
hypothetical question.
[R. 15, at 1; R. 16, at 1].
Responding to Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15], on February 21,
2018, Defendant filed a Motion for Summary Judgment pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) [R. 18]
arguing, in summary, “The ALJ properly evaluated the total record in determining the extent of
Plaintiff’s severe impairments, in her RFC finding, and in finding that Plaintiff retained the
capacity to perform past relevant work, with her decision being supported by substantial evidence.”
[R. 18, at 8].
JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS AND SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARDS
This action is now before this Court on the Parties’ cross motions for summary judgment.
[R. 15; R. 18]. While Plaintiff styled his Motion [R. 15] as one for judgment on the pleadings
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pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c), if such a motion relies on matters outside the pleadings, as the
Plaintiff’s Motion [R. 15] does, “the motion must be treated as one for summary judgment under
Rule 56.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d).
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), a reviewing court “must affirm the Commissioner’s
conclusions absent a determination that the Commissioner has failed to apply the correct legal
standard or has made findings of fact unsupported by substantial evidence in the record.”
Longworth v. Comm’r Soc. Sec., 402 F.3d 591, 595 (6th Cir. 2005) (citations omitted). The scope
of judicial review is limited to the record itself, and the reviewing court “may not try the case de
novo, nor resolve conflicts in evidence, nor decide questions of credibility.” Hogg v. Sullivan, 987
F.2d 328, 331 (6th Cir. 1993) (citations omitted).
The Sixth Circuit has held that “substantial evidence exists when a reasonable mind might
accept the relevant evidence as adequate to support a conclusion.” Warner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
375 F.3d 387, 390 (6th Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). The limited nature of substantial evidence
review prevents the reviewing court from substituting its judgment for that of the ALJ. Rather, so
long as substantial evidence exists, the reviewing court should affirm the ALJ’s Decision [R. 101, at 81-91] “even if there is substantial evidence in the record that would have supported an
opposite conclusion.” Longworth, 402 F.3d at 595 (citations omitted). Substantial evidence is
“more than a scintilla of evidence but less than a preponderance; it is such relevant evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc.
Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007) (citations omitted). “In determining whether the Secretary's
factual findings are supported by substantial evidence, [the Court] must examine the evidence in
the record ‘taken as a whole . . . .’” Wyatt v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 974 F.2d
3
680, 683 (6th Cir. 1992) (citing Allen v. Califano, 613 F.2d 139, 145 (6th Cir. 1980)). Additionally,
the Court “‘must take into account whatever in the record fairly detracts from its weight.’” Wyatt,
974 F.3d at 683 (citing Beavers v. Secretary of Health, Educ. & Welfare, 577 F.2d 383, 387 (6th
Cir. 1978). “The substantial evidence standard presupposes that there is a ‘zone of choice’ within
which the [Commissioner] may proceed without interference from the courts.” Felisky v. Bowen,
35 F.3d 1027, 1035 (6th Cir. 1994) (citations omitted). “If the Secretary’s findings are supported
by substantial evidence, then we must affirm the Secretary’s decision even though as triers of fact
we might have arrived at a different result.” Elkins v. Secretary of Health & Human Services, 658
F.2d 437, 439 (6th Cir. 1981).
DISCUSSION
Under the Social Security Act, the term “disability” means an “inability to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment
which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a
continuous period of not less than 12 months . . . .” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). A five-step sequential
evaluation process is used to determine whether a claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520; 20
C.F.R. § 416.920. In summary, the five-step sequential evaluation process is as follows:
The first step is to determine whether the claimant is engaged in significant gainful
activity. 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(b). If not, the second step is to determine whether the
claimant has a severe impairment, which is “any impairment or combination of
impairments which significantly limits your physical or mental ability to do basic
work activities.” § 416.920(c). If there is a severe impairment, the third step is to
determine whether the impairment meets or exceeds the criteria of one of the listed
impairments in Appendix 1. § 416.920(d). If the claimant does not satisfy one of
the listings, the [fourth step] is to determine whether the claimant's impairment
prevents him from performing his past relevant work. § 416.920(e). If it does not,
the claimant is found not disabled. [At the fifth step,] [i]f the impairment prevents
a return to former work, the claimant's residual functional capacity must be
determined, id., and it is then considered in conjunction with the claimant's age,
work experience and education in order to ascertain whether the impairment or
combination of impairments prevents the claimant from doing other work. §
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416.920(f); see also Subpart P, Appendix 2, Tables 1–3.
Williamson v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 796 F.2d 146, 149 (6th Cir. 1986); see
also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520; 20 C.F.R. § 416.920.
The claimant “bear[s] the burden at step one of showing that he is not working, at step two
that he has a medically severe impairment or combination of impairments, and at step four that the
impairment prevents him from performing his past work.” Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 146 n.
5 (1987). “[T]he Secretary bears the burden of proof at step five, which determines whether the
claimant is able to perform work available in the national economy.” Id.
Since the Parties’ cross motions for summary judgment [R. 15; R. 18] concern the same
facts, the Court will consider the Parties’ Motions [R. 15; R. 18] together. The issues before the
Court are as follows: (1) whether the ALJ justifiably determined Plaintiff was not subject to a
severe mental impairment; (2) whether the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91] was supported by
substantial evidence; and (3) whether the ALJ’s reliance on vocational expert testimony was
proper. [R. 16, at 7-15; R. 18, at 8-15]. Since the issues of whether the ALJ justifiably determined
Plaintiff was not subject to a severe mental impairment and whether the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1,
at 81-91] was supported by substantial evidence are so closely related, the Court will consider
them together. The issue of whether the ALJ’s reliance on vocational expert testimony was proper
will be considered separately.
I. WHETHER THE ALJ JUSTIFIABLY DETERMINED PLAINTIFF WAS NOT
SUBJECT TO A SEVERE MENTAL IMPAIRMENT AND WHETHER THE ALJ’S
DECISION WAS SUPPORTED BY SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE
Plaintiff argues his mental impairments are severe and should have been considered as
such in the ALJ’s step two and RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86]. [R. 16, at 10-14]. However, at step
two, the ALJ determined “[Plaintiff] has the following severe impairments: degenerative disc
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disease, obesity and essential hypertension.” [R. 10-1, at 84 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c))].
“Once the ALJ determines that a claimant has at least one severe impairment, the ALJ must
consider all impairments, severe and non-severe, in the remaining steps.” Pompa v. Commissioner
of Social Sec., 73 F. App’x 801, 803 (6th Cir. 2003) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(e)). Since the
ALJ found Plaintiff had multiple severe impairments at step two of the sequential evaluation
process, “the question of whether ALJ characterized any other alleged impairment as severe or not
severe is of little consequence.” Pompa, 73 F. App’x at 803. Therefore, as Defendant correctly
asserts, “[t]he finding of non-severity is not legally relevant because the ALJ went on to determine
Plaintiff’s RFC between steps three and four, and, at that point, was required to consider his severe
impairments as well as impairments determined not severe.” [R. 18, at 9-10 (citing 20 C.F.R. §
404.1545(a)(2))].
Pursuant to 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(2), “If [a claimant has] more than one impairment.
[The ALJ] will consider all of [the claimant’s] medically determinable impairments of which [the
ALJ is] aware, including [the claimant’s] medically determinable impairments that are not
‘severe,’ as explained in §§ 404.1520(c), 404.1521, and 404.1523, when [the ALJ] assess[es] [the
claimant’s] residual functional capacity.” Residual functional capacity (“RFC”) is a claimant’s
maximum work capacity considering all the relevant information and despite the claimant’s
physical and/or mental limitations. 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1); Howard v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
276 F.3d 235, 239 (6th Cir. 2002). A claimant’s RFC is to be determined by an ALJ considering
all of the relevant medical and other evidence. 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(3). Medical evidence is
explicitly to be considered, 20 C.F.R. § 416.927, as is the supportability, 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(3),
and the consistency, 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(4), of that evidence with the other evidence in the
record. Thus, “[a] statement by a medical source that you are “disabled” or “unable to work” does
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not mean that we will determine that you are disabled.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(d)(1) (emphasis
added). Final credibility determinations are generally left to the discretion of the ALJ. See Ulman
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 693 F.3d 709, 713 (6th Cir. 2012); Bass v. McMahon, 499 F.3d 506, 509
(6th Cir. 2007).
Plaintiff argues that despite the ALJ acknowledging Plaintiff’s limitations related to
depression and anxiety in the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91], “the ALJ did not account for
them in formulating the RFC, because the RFC includes no mental limitations whatsoever.” [R.
16, at 9].
The ALJ’s RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86] is as follows:
After careful consideration of the entire record, the undersigned finds that the
[Plaintiff] has the residual functioning capacity to perform less than the full range
of light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b). The [Plaintiff] is able to lift/carry
twenty pounds occasionally and ten pounds frequently and he is able to stand/walk
six hours and sit at least six hours in an eight-hour workday. He is able to frequently
climb ramps and stairs, occasionally stoop, kneel, crouch and crawl; however, he
should not climb ladders ropes or scaffolds, He should avoid hazards, such as
dangerous machinery and unprotected heights.
[R. 10-1, at 86].
The transcript of the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91] shows the ALJ, indeed, considered
Plaintiff’s mental impairments in making the ALJ’s RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86]. Specifically, in
making the RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86], regarding mental impairments, the ALJ discussed the
following:
• “[Plaintiff] stated he also has depression and does not like to be in public” [R. 101, at 87];
• Plaintiff’s October 9, 2014 mental status examination with consultative examiner
Dr. Genthner [R. 10-1, at 87];
• “[Plaintiff] reported current symptoms of depression most days and diminished
interest in people and things” [R. 10-1, at 88];
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• “[Plaintiff] reported fatigue, lethargy and sleep disturbance” [R. 10-1, at 88];
• Dr. Genthner’s diagnosis of Plaintiff [R. 10-1, at 88] see also [R. 10-1, at 30414];
• State agency consultative examiner James C. Owen, M.D.’s October 13, 2014
examination of Plaintiff in which Plaintiff reported, and was diagnosed with,
depression [R. 10-1, at 88-89]; see also [R. 10-1, at 315-20];
• Plaintiff’s May 2, 2014 through April 9, 2015 medical records from Kentucky
River Foothills Development Council, Inc. (“Kentucky River Foothills”) indicating
Plaintiff reported depression and was prescribed Citalopram for depression, which
Plaintiff reported was helping [R. 10-1, at 89]; see also [R. 10-1, at 321-47];
• Plaintiff’s September 21, 2015 medical records from Kentucky River Foothills
indicating Plaintiff reported he had been out of depression medication, Citalopram,
since May 2015 [R. 10-1, at 89]; see also [R. 10-1, at 351];
• “[Plaintiff] stated the increase in Citalopram helped his depression but he was
switched to Wellbutrin, which would also help with his smoking cessation efforts”
[R. 10-1, at 89]; and \
• “In May 2016, [Plaintiff] reported Wellbutrin was working well and he would like
to stay on that dose as his depression was down from eight to five” [R. 10-1, at 89];
see also [R. 10-1, at 385].
As discussed in the ALJ’s explanation for why the ALJ made the RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at
86], Plaintiff’s October 9, 2014 mental status examination with Dr. Genthner “suggested adequate
cognitive functioning,” and during the mental status examination, the following occurred:
“[Plaintiff] stated that [he] . . . suffers from depression;” Dr. Genthner and Plaintiff discussed what
medications Plaintiff was taking at the time, including Citalopram; and “[Plaintiff] noted he had
been diagnosed with depression at the Red River Health Care Center but had no history of mental
health treatment and had never been hospitalized for a mental health reason.” [R. 10-1, at 87]. “Dr.
Genthner’s diagnosis was somatic symptom disorder and persistent depressive disorder.” Id. at 88.
Furthermore, Dr. Genthner found the following, which was included in the ALJ’s explanation for
why the ALJ made the RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86]:
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“[T]he claimant’s capacity to retain and follow simple instructions was adequate as
was his ability to understand, retain and follow detailed or complex instructions.
His ability to carry out and persist at a simple repetitive task without special
supervision was mildly limited and his attention/concentration skills described by
his test results and presentation were mildly limited. His capacity to relate to
employers and coworkers was mild to moderately limited based on history and
presentation. Capacity to work with others without being distracted or
overwhelmed was mild to moderately limited. His capacity to deal with the public
was moderately limited and simple changes in routine may at times be
overwhelming or debilitating to the claimant. Based on history and presentation he
should not have difficulty with authority. Capacity to make simple work-related
decisions appeared adequate. Ability to be aware of normal hazards and take
appropriate precautions appeared adequate. He had good premorbid work history.
His capacity to tolerate stress and pressure associated with day-to-day work activity
was moderately limited. The claimant would benefit somewhat from mental health
follow-up.
[R. 10-1, at 88]; see also [R. 10-1, at 304-14]. In making the ALJ’s RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86],
the ALJ considered Dr. Genthner’s opinion regarding Plaintiff’s limitations. [R. 10-1, at 88]; see
also [R. 10-1, at 304-14].
However, instead of adopting Dr. Genthner’s opinion:
The [ALJ] accord[ed] great weight to the opinions of the State agency medical
consultants[, Dr. Ilze Sillers and Dr. Jennifer Meyer,] because the opinions [were]
supported by the overall evidence. Slight weight [was] accorded [to] the opinion of
the consultative psychologist, Dr. Robert Genther because it [was] somewhat
internally inconsistent and it [was] not supported by other evidence. Partial weight
[was] accorded [to] the opinion of CE physician, Dr. James Owen because of
vagueness.
[R. 10-1, at 90].
Plaintiff argues the ALJ giving Dr. Genthner’s opinion “slight weight” and Dr. Meyer’s
opinion “great weight” is “legal error and violates the regulations.” [R. 16, at 11]. Generally, more
weight is given to the medical opinion of an examining source, such as Dr. Genthner, than to the
medical opinion of a non-examining source. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(1) However, “the nature of
the examining relationship is but one factor that bears on the weight to be given to a medical source
opinion.” Carter v. Colvin, 27 F. Supp. 3d 1142, 1151 (D. Col. 2014) (citing 20 C.F.R. §
9
404.1527(c)(1)). “[A]n administrative law judge is not bound by an examining physician's opinion
and must evaluate it the context of the expert's medical specialty and expertise, supporting
evidence in the record, consistency with the record as a whole and other explanations regarding
the opinion.” Ziegler v. Astrue, 576 F. Supp. 2d 982, 996 (W.D. Wisc. 2008) (citing Haynes v.
Barnhart, 416 F.3d 621, 630 (7th Cir. 2005)). Furthermore, “[a]n administrative law judge can
reject an examining physician's opinion if his reasons for doing so are supported by substantial
evidence in the record.” Ziegler, 576 F. Supp. 2d at 996 (citing Gudgel v. Barnhart, 345 F.3d 467,
470 (7th Cir. 2003)). “When the record contains well supported contradictory evidence, even a
treating physician's opinion ‘is just one more piece of evidence for the administrative law judge to
weigh.’” Ziegler, 576 F. Supp. 2d at 996 (quoting Hofslien v. Barnhart, 439 F.3d 375, 377 (7th
Cir. 2006)).
“[S]tate agency medical consultants[, such as Drs. Sillers and Meyer,] are considered
experts and their opinions may be entitled to greater weight if their opinions are supported by the
evidence.” Hoskins v. Commissioner of Social Sec., 106 F. App’x 412, 415 (6th Cir. 2004) (citing
20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(f)(2)(i)). “Thus, under certain circumstances, an ALJ may assign greater
weight to a state agency consultant's opinion than to that of a treating or examining source.” Miller
v. Commissioner of Social Sec., 811 F.3d 825, 834 (6th Cir. 2016) (citing Soc. Sec. Rul. 96–6p,
1996 WL 374180, at *3; Blakley v. Commissioner of Social Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 409 (6th Cir.
2009)). “Such circumstances include where the non-examining source's opinion ‘is based on a
review of a complete case record.’” Miller, 811 F.3d at 834 (citing Soc. Sec. Rul. 96–6p, 1996 WL
374180, at *3). “In short, ‘[a]n ALJ may reject the testimony of an examining, but non-treating
physician, in favor of a nonexamining, nontreating physician when he gives specific, legitimate
reasons for doing so, and those reasons are supported by substantial record evidence.’” Lester v.
10
Chater, 61 F.3d 821, 831 (9th Cir. 1995) (citing Roberts v. Shalala, 66 F.3d 179, 184 (9th Cir.
1995)).
In the present case, as Plaintiff correctly asserts, “[Dr. Meyer] did not even have access to
a complete file upon which to base her assessment, as her opinion was rendered . . . before the
administrative record was complete.” [R. 16, at 12]. Plaintiff incorrectly cites the date of Dr.
Meyer’s assessment as occurring in April 2015, but the record shows Dr. Meyer’s assessment was,
in fact, dated February 16, 2015. [R.10-1, at 145]. Plaintiff admits, “[T]he treatment records
through April 2015 reflect only that Plaintiff vaguely reported citalopram was ‘helping,’ (citations
omitted) but there is no discussion of the degree of relief Plaintiff achieved from his depressive
symptoms.” [R. 16, at 12].
However, after April 2015 the following occurred and was included in the administrative
record [R. 10-1]: on February 10, 2016, Plaintiff’s Citalopram dosage was increased, and Plaintiff
was referred for therapy [R. 16, at 12 (citing [R. 10-1, at 367])]; on March 8, 2016, Plaintiff
reported a “depressed mood and fatigue” and that the February 10, 2016 increase in Citalopram
helped bring his “depression down from 8/10 to 6/10” [R. 16, at 12 (citing [R. 10-1, at 369, 372])];
also on March 8, 2016, Plaintiff presented for psychotherapy where he reported feeling “extremely
depressed and most days he just sits and watches tv [sic] and does nothing” [R. 10-1, at 376]; see
also [R. 16, at 12 (citing [R. 10-1, at 372-76])], and “on examination, Rob Stone, M.A. LPCC,
noted Plaintiff had body odor, and he reported he rarely bathes” [R. 16, at 12 (citing [R. 10-1, at
376-377])]; on April 21, 2016, Plaintiff was seen by Brandy Akers, APRN, for depression, and
Plaintiff “reported his symptoms are poorly controlled, he had difficulty functioning, and he
experiences symptoms of depressed mood, difficulty concentrating, difficulty falling asleep,
difficulty staying asleep, diminished interest or pleasure, excessive worry, fatigue, loss of appetite,
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and restlessness” [R. 16, at 12-13 (citing [R. 10-1, at 378, 381])]; during the April 21, 2016
appointment with Nurse Akers, Plaintiff’s depression/anxiety was a 7/10 in severity, and Nurse
Akers discontinued Plaintiff’s Citalopram prescription [R. 10-1, at 378, 380]; see also [R. 16, at
13]; on May 23, 2016, Plaintiff reported depressed mood, and Nurse Akers noted, “Wellbutrin
works better, I would like to stay on this dose, depression down from 8/10 to 5/10” [R. 10-1, at
385]; see also [R. 16, at 13 (citing [R. 10-1, at 385, 388])]; and on July 8, 2016, Plaintiff reported
his depression was a 7/10 in severity [R. 16, at 13 (citing [R. 10-1, at 393])].
Since Dr. Meyer’s opinion, as well as Dr. Sillers’s opinion, failed to consider much of the
evidence regarding Plaintiff’s mental impairments found in the complete record, “we require some
indication that the ALJ at least considered these facts before giving greater weight to an opinion
that is not ‘based on a review of a complete case record.’” Blakley, 581 F.3d at 409 (citing Fisk v.
Astrue, 253 F. App’x. 580, 585 (6th Cir. 2007) (quoting Soc. Sec. Rul. 96–6p, 1996 WL 374180,
at *3))). Accordingly, “the ALJ must give ‘some indication’ that he ‘at least considered’ that the
source did not review the entire record. In other words, the record must give some indication that
the ALJ subjected such an opinion to scrutiny.” Kepke v. Commissioner of Social Sec., 636 F.
App’x 625, 632 (6th Cir. 2016) (citing Blakley, 581 F.3d at 409).
In Kepke, in finding that an ALJ’s decision indicated that the ALJ subjected the opinions
of two non-examining state agency doctors to some scrutiny, the Court stated, “the ALJ disagreed
with [one of the non-examining state agency doctor’s] assessment[s] of Kepke’s limitations in her
activities of daily living and social functioning, and applied even greater restrictions in this area
than [the non-examining state agency doctor] opined were appropriate.” Kepke, 636 F. App’x at
632. Regarding the other doctor’s opinion, the Court in Kepke found, “[T]he ALJ’s scrutiny is not
as explicit.” Id. However, the other doctor “stated in his opinion that he was adopting the prior
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RFC because there had not been any new evidence since the prior ALJ decision, while the ALJ
stated that ‘the evidence of record shows that there has been a change in the claimant's condition
since the prior decision . . . .’” Id. (citations omitted). Finding the other doctor’s opinion was also
subject to some scrutiny, the Court in Kepke stated:
The ALJ's adoption of [the other doctor’s] opinion, taken together with the ALJ's
subsequent statement that there had, in fact, been a “change in [Kepke]'s condition”
indicates that the ALJ was aware that [the other doctor] did not have the benefit of
reviewing all of the records, and took that into consideration.
Id.
Here, the ALJ only mentions Dr. Meyer’s opinion by stating, “The [ALJ] accords great
weight to the opinions of the State agency medical consultants because the opinions are supported
by the overall evidence.” [R. 10-1, at 90]. Since the ALJ gave no indication that he considered that
Dr. Meyer, and, in turn, Dr. Sillers, did not review a complete case record, it was improper for the
ALJ to give greater weight to Drs. Meyer and Sillers’s opinions. Blakley, 581 F.3d at 409; Miller,
811 F.3d at 834; 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c).
In addition to failing to give some indication that he considered that Drs. Meyer and Sillers
did not review the entire record, the ALJ failed to give “specific, legitimate reasons” that are
“supported by substantial record evidence” for why the ALJ gave Drs. Meyer and Sillers’s
opinions more weight than Dr. Genthner’s opinion. Lester, 61 F.3d at 831 (citing Roberts, 66 F.3d
at 184). Instead, the ALJ stated that Drs. Meyer and Sillers’s, the state agency medical consultants,
“opinions [were] supported by the overall evidence,” and Dr. Genthner’s opinion was “somewhat
internally inconsistent and it is not supported by other evidence.” [R. 10-1, at 90]. Regarding the
inconsistencies in Dr. Genthner’s opinion, the ALJ stated the following:
The [ALJ] finds the evidence generally does not support the alleged loss of
functioning. [Plaintiff] told the CE Pyschologist[, Dr. Genthner,] he stopped
working as a stocker at Walmart because of his back and to assist his mother in
caring for his father, who was dying of cancer. His father passed away in September
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2014; however, [Plaintiff] did not return to work (exhibit 1F and Testimony). The
record includes absolutely no evidence of medical treatment during 2013 (Exhibits
1F-4F). He does have depression; however, he has sought minimal treatment and
symptoms are described as fairly controlled (Exhibit 4F). He is routinely
encouraged to diet and exercise for weight loss and diabetes mellitus control
(Exhibit 3F, 4F).
Id.
As previously mentioned, substantial evidence is “more than a scintilla of evidence but less
than a preponderance; it is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate
to support a conclusion.” Rogers, 486 F.3d at 241. In the present case, while the ALJ’s
aforementioned reasons for finding Dr. Genthner’s opinion was inconsistent are specific,
legitimate, and supported by substantial record evidence, the ALJ failed to provide any “specific,
legitimate reasons that are supported by substantial record evidence” for why he favored Drs.
Meyer and Sillers’s opinions over Dr. Genthner’s opinion, as required. Lester, 61 F.3d at 831
(citing Roberts, 66 F.3d at 184).
In the present Commissioner’s Motion for Summary Judgment [R. 18], the Commissioner
asserts that Drs. Meyer and Sillers addressed Dr. Genthner’s opinion in their respective opinions,
“opined that the intensity of Plaintiff’s reported restrictions were not fully supported by treatment
records and clinical observations,” and “opined that Plaintiff’s alleged mental impairments were
not severe, either singly or in combination, as they did not significantly affect his ability to meet
the mental demands of a routine work setting and were not severely limiting.” [R. 18, at 10 (citing
[R. 10-1, at 131-32; R. 10-1, at 143-45])]. However, the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91] fails
to mention the opinions of either Dr. Meyer or Dr. Sillers. In fact, the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at
81-91] fails to even reference either Dr. Meyer or Dr. Sillers by name.
In contrast to the present ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91], in Roberts, the Court
concluded an ALJ met his burden of providing “specific, legitimate reasons . . . supported by
14
substantial record evidence” for favoring the opinion of a non-examining source over an examining
source. Roberts, 66 F.3d at 184. In making its conclusion, the Court in Roberts found the ALJ’s
justification for adopting the non-examining source’s opinion was specific and legitimate where:
The ALJ noted with particularity that the medical expert, Dr. Moulton, disagreed
with several of Dr. Kurlychek's ratings under the Mental Residual Function
Capacity Assessment. He further noted that “[t]he basis for the medical expert's
disagreement with Dr. Kurlychek's conclusions were the claimant's
neuropsychological test scores.” Based on these test results, the ALJ concluded that
“the medical expert's testimony is correct and that Dr. Kurlychek's MRFC is in
irreconcilable conflict with his written report and test results,” and adopted the
opinion of the medical expert.
Id. Additionally, the Court in Roberts found, “[T]he decision was based on test results contained
in the record, which constituted substantial evidence.” Id. Unlike the ALJ in Roberts, in the present
case, the ALJ’s aforementioned reasons for weighing the aforementioned opinions in the manner
the ALJ did are not specific, legitimate, or supported by substantial evidence. Roberts, 66 F.3d at
184.
Furthermore, while Defendant is correct that an RFC determination is reserved to the
Commissioner and “no medical source opinion alone is conclusive on this issue” [R. 18, at 12
(citing Soc. Sec. Rul. 96-5p, 1996 WL 374183, at *2)], “[t]he adjudicator is required to evaluate
all evidence in the case record that may have a bearing on the determination or decision of
disability, including opinions from medical sources about issues reserved to the Commissioner.”
Soc. Sec. Rul. 96-5p, 1996 WL 374183, at *3; see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(2) (“Although we
consider opinions from medical sources on issues [reserved to the Commissioner], the final
responsibility for deciding these issues is reserved to the Commissioner.”). Additionally, Soc. Sec.
Rul. 96-5p, 1996 WL 374183, at *3 states the following:
For example, it would be appropriate to consider the supportability of the opinion
and its consistency with the record as a whole at the administrative law judge and
Appeals Council levels in evaluating an opinion about the claimant's ability to
15
function which is from a State agency medical or psychological consultant who has
based the opinion on the entire record . . . .
Id.
Here, as has been shown, the ALJ failed to properly consider the medical opinions in this
case and the fact that Drs. Meyer and Sillers did not base their opinions on the entire record.
Therefore, even though the Commissioner reserves the right to make the final RFC determination,
the ALJ is still required to consider the medical opinions in the record. Moreover, if the ALJ favors
a non-examining source’s opinion over the opinion of an examining source, the ALJ must provide
“specific, legitimate reasons” for doing so “that are supported by substantial record evidence.”
Lester, 61 F.3d at 831 (citing Roberts, 66 F.3d at 184). Since the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 8191] was made in error and not supported by substantial evidence, the Court will reverse the
Defendant Commissioner’s decision to deny Plaintiff’s disability claim and remand this matter for
further administrative proceedings in accordance with this order.
II. WHETHER THE ALJ’S RELIANCE ON VOCATIONAL EXPERT TESTIMONY
WAS PROPER
Plaintiff argues, “[T]he ALJ relied on Vocational Expert [(“VE”)] testimony to determine
that Plaintiff remained able to perform his past relevant work as a vacuum salesman,” and “the
ALJ’s Step 4 determination is not supported by substantial evidence because the VE’s testimony
was elicited in response to an incomplete hypothetical question.” [R. 16, at 14]. The VE in question
is Dr. Rodgers, a VE who testified regarding Plaintiff’s past work and work that may be available
to Plaintiff. [R. 10-1, at 99]. Dr. Rodgers’s opined that an individual, such as Plaintiff as described
in the hypothetical question, could return to performing his past occupations as a life insurance
salesperson, vacuum salesperson, a cleaner, and a D.J. [R. 10-1, at 120].
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As Defendant correctly asserts, “the ALJ was not required to obtain VE testimony in
determining that Plaintiff retained the RFC to perform his past relevant work as a vacuum cleaner
sales associate at Step 4 Four of the sequential evaluation.” [R. 18, at 14]. Additionally, “VE
testimony is not a requirement at step 4, but . . . VE testimony may be obtained at step 4 to provide
evidence to help us determine whether or not an individual can do his or her past relevant work.”
Clarification of Rules Involving Residual Functional Capacity Assessments; Clarification of Use
of Vocational Experts and Other Sources at Step 4 of the Sequential Evaluation Process;
Incorporation of “Special Profile” Into Regulations, 68 Fed. Reg. 51153, 51160, 2003 WL
22001943 (Aug. 26, 2003). Also, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1560(b)(2) states:
A vocational expert or specialist may offer relevant evidence within his or her
expertise or knowledge concerning the physical and mental demands of a claimant's
past relevant work, either as the claimant actually performed it or as generally
performed in the national economy. Such evidence may be helpful in
supplementing or evaluating the accuracy of the claimant's description of his past
work.
20 C.F.R. § 404.1560(b)(2). Regarding, hypothetical questions:
[A] vocational expert or specialist may offer expert opinion testimony in response
to a hypothetical question about whether a person with the physical and mental
limitations imposed by the claimant's medical impairment(s) can meet the demands
of the claimant's previous work, either as the claimant actually performed it or as
generally performed in the national economy.
Id.; see also Casey v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 987 F.2d 1230, 1235 (6th Cir.
1993) (“It is well established that an ALJ may pose hypothetical questions to a vocational expert
and is required to incorporate only those limitations accepted as credible by the finder of fact.”).
In the present case, Plaintiff’s argument regarding the hypothetical question stems from the
fact that the hypothetical question the ALJ asked included the limitations found in the ALJ’s RFC
Finding [R. 10-1, at 86]. [R. 16, at 14; R. 18; at 14]. Specifically, Plaintiff argues, “[T]he RFC
failed to account for Plaintiff’s significant mental health limitations, which secondary questions to
17
the VE suggest that these limitations would preclude the ability to perform Plaintiff’s past work.”
[R. 16, at 14 (citing [R. 10-1, at 121])]. Since the ALJ’s RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86] failed to
account for Plaintiff’s mental health limitations, Plaintiff argues, “[T]he Step 4 determination is
not supported by substantial evidence, and this matter requires remand to the Agency, because if
a Claimant is unable to do any past relevant work, the sequential evaluation proceeds to Step Five.”
[R. 16, at 14].
As previously shown herein, in favoring the opinions of non-treating sources over that of
an examining source who found Plaintiff had restrictive mental impairments, the ALJ did not
provide “specific, legitimate reasons” that were “supported by substantial record evidence.”
Lester, 61 F.3d at 831 (citing Roberts, 66 F.3d at 184). Since the ALJ’s hypothetical question
concerned an RFC Finding [R. 10-1, at 86] that improperly gave greater weight to Drs. Meyer and
Sillers’s opinions over Dr. Genthner’s opinion, reliance on Dr. Rodgers’s answer to the
hypothetical question is equally erroneous. Therefore, as previously stated, the Defendant
Commissioner’s decision to deny Plaintiff’s disability claim will be reversed, and this matter will
be remanded.
CONCLUSION
Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), this Court “must affirm the Commissioner’s conclusions
absent a determination that the Commissioner has failed to apply the correct legal standard or has
made findings of fact unsupported by substantial evidence in the record.” Longworth v. Comm’r
Soc. Sec., 402 F.3d 591, 595 (6th Cir. 2005) (citations omitted). This Court “may not try the case
de novo, nor resolve conflicts in evidence, nor decide questions of credibility.” Hogg v. Sullivan,
987 F.2d 328, 331 (6th Cir. 1993) (citations omitted). Those determinations are left to the ALJ. Id.
Here, the ALJ’s Decision [R. 10-1, at 81-91] must be reversed because in making his RFC Finding
18
[R. 10-1, at 86], the ALJ failed to give some indication that she considered that Drs. Meyer and
Sillers did not review the entire record and to give “specific, legitimate reasons” that are “supported
by substantial record evidence” for why the ALJ gave Drs. Meyer and Sillers’s opinions more
weight than Dr. Genthner’s opinion. Lester, 61 F.3d at 831 (citing Roberts, 66 F.3d at 184); see
also Blakley, 581 F.3d at 409; Longworth, 402 F.3d at 595. For those reasons, Plaintiff’s Motion
for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15] must be granted, and Defendant’s Motion for Summary
Judgment [R. 18] must be denied.
Thus, for the reasons discussed, based on the undisputed facts,
IT IS ORDERED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Plaintiff’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings [R. 15] is hereby GRANTED;
2. Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgement [R. 18] is hereby DENIED;
3. Defendant Commissioner’s decision denying Plaintiff’s disability claim is hereby
REVERSED;
4. Pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), this matter is hereby REMANDED to
the Commissioner for further proceedings consistent with this opinion; and
5. This matter is hereby STRICKEN from the active docket of this Court, to be restored
to the active docket upon motion by any party for good cause shown.
This the 23rd day of April, 2018.
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