Cornette v. SSA
Filing
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OPINION & ORDER: Court DENIES Cornette's appeal (DE 11 ) and AFFIRMS the Agency decision under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Court will enter a separate judgment. Signed by Judge Robert E. Wier on 1/28/2025. (RCB) cc: COR
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF KENTUCKY
SOUTHERN DIVISION
PIKEVILLE
RHONDA JEAN CORNETTE,
v.
Plaintiff,
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL
SECURITY,
Defendant.
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No. 7:24-CV-30-REW
OPINION & ORDER
*** *** *** ***
Plaintiff Rhonda Jean Cornette appeals the denial of her application for Supplemental
Security Income Benefits (SSI). See DE 1 (Complaint). On August 5, 2024, Cornette moved for
judgment in her favor following the Commissioner’s Answer. See DE 11 (Plaintiff’s Brief). The
Commissioner responded in opposition, requesting affirmance of the underlying Administrative
Law Judge (ALJ) decision. See DE 13 (Commissioner’s Brief). Cornette filed a timely reply. See
DE 14 (Reply). The administrative record appears at DE 8 (“R.” Administrative Transcript). After
reviewing the record, with particular emphasis on the limited portions Cornette challenges, the
Court finds the ALJ’s determination supported by substantial evidence and compliant with Agency
rules and regulations. Accordingly, the Court DENIES Cornette’s appeal and AFFIRMS the SSI
denial.
I.
Background
In December 2020, Cornette applied to the Social Security Administration for SSI. See R.
at 227–30 (Application Summary). Cornette alleged that, as of January 1, 2014, the following
conditions rendered her disabled: “PTSD, back problem, hand problem, leg problem, knee
problem, hip problem, and memory loss[.]” See id. at 93 (Disability Determination Explanation).
1
Following agency denials, Cornette appealed, resulting in a hearing before ALJ Breinne Mullins.
See id. at 42–71 (Hearing Transcript). On May 30, 2023, Judge Mullins issued an unfavorable
decision, concluding that Cornette was not “disabled” within the meaning of the Social Security
Act. See id. at 11–22 (ALJ Opinion).
Judge Mullins’s opinion tracked the standard five-step evaluation sequence laid out in 20
C.F.R. § 416.920. First, Judge Mullins found that Cornette “has not engaged in substantial gainful
activity since December 21, 2020, the application date.” Id. at 13. Second, she determined that
Cornette “has the following severe impairments: arthralgias, degenerative disc disease, asthma,
Hepatitis C, major depressive disorder, anxiety, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).” Id. Third, Judge Mullins concluded that Cornette “does not have an impairment or
combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the listed
impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1.” Id. at 14. Fourth, Judge Mullins
assessed Cornette’s Residual Functional Capacity (RFC). See id. at 16–21. Judge Mullins
determined that Cornette was able to “perform light work as defined in 20 CFR 416.967(b),”
subject to the following exceptions:
[N]o climbing of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; occasional climbing of ramps and
stairs, stooping, kneeling, crouching, crawling, and balancing as defined by SCO
of DOT; sit/stand every two-hours for five minutes while at the work station; avoid
concentrated exposure to temperature extremes, vibrations, unprotected heights,
and atmospheric conditions as defined by the SCO of the DOT. She can understand,
remember, and carry out simple instructions, but cannot perform work requiring a
specific production rate, such as assembly line work or work that requires hourly
quotas; can occasionally interact with others, such as coworkers, supervisors, but
no interaction with . . . the public; and can deal with only occasional changes in a
routine work setting.
Id. at 16.
2
Central to Cornette’s challenge here, Judge Mullins considered four general categories of
evidence in reaching her ultimate step-four physical RFC determination. First, she took into
account Cornette’s own testimony. See id. at 17.
Second, she considered Cornette’s diagnostic medical records. See id. at 17–18. Most
notably, this included a 2016 MRI of the lumbar spine showing “multilevel disc disease” and a
2018 x-ray of the same area that “revealed degenerative changes without acute process.” Id. at 17.
Judge Mullins also analyzed records of Cornette’s 2018 chiropractic treatment, as well as previous
tests for Hepatitis C. See id.
Third, Judge Mullins considered the administrative medical findings from Cornette’s prior
2015 Title XVI application. See id. at 19. Specifically, Judge Mullins looked at the earlier ALJ’s
January 2018 decision in that proceeding, which imposed the following RFC determination:
[Cornette] has the residual functional capacity to perform light work . . . except she
can frequently climb ramps or stair; occasionally climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds,
stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl; should avoid concentrated exposure to temperature
extremes, pulmonary irritants, vibration, hazards of moving machinery and
unprotected heights; is limited to simple, routine, repetitive tasks and occasional
interaction with others.
Id. at 80 (2018 ALJ Decision). Judge Mullins largely “adopted the prior Administrative Law
Judge’s assessment, as [that] decision included a severe physical impairment of degenerative disc
disease of the lumbar spine via an x-ray and MRI, and this impairment is chronic in nature with
current records showing a repeat positive x-ray of the lumbar spine.” Id. at 19. Judge Mullins also
imposed “additional limitations” relative to the 2018 RFC finding “based on new and material
medical evidence of record.” Id.
Finally, Judge Mullins considered the opinions of two agency medical consultants, Dr.
Christine Booth and Dr. Donna Farmer. See id. Dr. Booth submitted a medical evaluation on
September 1, 2021, in which she provided the following opinion: “Due to a lack of current
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evidence [a consultative exam] was scheduled on 7/14/21. [Cornette] missed this exam and has
not responded to our multiple attempts to reschedule. Therefore, the evidence is insufficient to
assess [Cornette]’s ability to perform basic work activities due to [Cornette]’s failure to
cooperate.” Id. at 94–95 (Dr. Booth Opinion). Likewise, Dr. Farmer’s opinion, submitted on
January 25, 2022, states in full: “[Cornette] was scheduled for [a consultative exam] on 12/20/21.
[Cornette] did not keep exam and has not responded to call in procedures. There is insufficient
evidence in file to evaluate.” Id. at 103 (Dr. Farmer Opinion). Judge Mullins ultimately “did not
find these opinions to be persuasive as the current medical records include[] clinical imaging
positive for severe degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine, which is chronic in nature.” Id.
at 19. This procedural election was, undoubtedly, one in Cornette’s favor. Rather than closing the
door based on Cornette’s non-cooperation in a current CE, twice no less, the ALJ carefully
scrutinized the record to discern Cornette’s impairments and limitations.
At step five, Judge Mullins—after considering vocational expert testimony in conjunction
with Cornette’s age, education, work experience, and RFC—concluded that Cornette “is capable
of making a successful adjustment to other work that exists in significant numbers in the national
economy.” Id. at 22. On this analysis, Judge Mullins concluded that “[a] finding of ‘not disabled’
is therefore appropriate under the framework of the above-cited rules.” Id.
Following Judge Mullins’s unfavorable opinion, Cornette unsuccessfully sought review of
the decision from the Appeals Council. See id. at 1–7 (Notice of Denial). The Council’s February
14, 2024 denial rendered the ALJ’s decision final for purposes of judicial review. Cornette now
4
turns to federal court, seeking judicial review of the agency’s decision under 42 U.S.C §§ 405(g)
and 1383(c)(3). See DE 1 ¶ 1; DE 11 at 3. 1
II.
Standard of Review
The Court has carefully reviewed Judge Mullins’s decision, the transcript of the
administrative hearing, and the pertinent administrative record. 2 Judicial review of an ALJ’s
disability determination is a limited and deferential inquiry, turning on the narrow question of
whether substantial evidence supports the decision and whether the ALJ properly applied relevant
legal standards in reaching it. See Blakley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 405–06 (6th Cir.
2009) (citing Key v. Callahan, 109 F.3d 270, 273 (6th Cir. 1997)); Jordan v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
548 F.3d 417, 422 (6th Cir. 2008); Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 783 F. App’x 489, 496 (6th Cir.
2019) (citing Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007)); see also 42 U.S.C.
§ 405(g) (providing and defining judicial review for Social Security claims) (“The findings of the
Commissioner of Social Security as to any fact, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be
conclusive . . . .”).
Substantial evidence signals deference, not infallibility. It “is more than a scintilla of
evidence but less than a preponderance; it is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might
accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Cutlip v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 25 F.3d
284, 286 (6th Cir. 1994) (citing Kirk v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 667 F.2d 524, 535 (6th Cir.
1981)); see also Warner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 375 F.3d 387, 390 (6th Cir. 2004). The Court
does “not try the case de novo, resolve conflicts in evidence, or decide questions of credibility.”
Because Cornette’s initial application sought SSI, the Court’s jurisdiction is proper under 42 U.S.C.
§ 1383(c)(3), which incorporates by reference § 405(g). See 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3) (“The final
determination of the Commissioner . . . after a hearing under [§ 1383(c)(1)] shall be subject to judicial
review as provided in section 405(g) of this title.”).
2
That is, those records relevant to the issues Cornette presents for review. The Court, not obligated to
independently mine the lengthy record, focuses on particular matters cited by the parties.
1
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Bass v. McMahon, 499 F.3d 506, 509 (6th Cir. 2007) (citing Smith v. Hatler, 307 F.3d 377, 379
(6th Cir. 2001)). Accordingly, the Court will not reverse an ALJ’s findings merely because the
record contains evidence supporting a different conclusion—even if said evidence is substantial.
See Warner, 375 F.3d at 390 (quoting Wright v. Massanari, 321 F.3d 611, 614 (6th Cir. 2003));
Ulman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 693 F.3d 709, 713 (6th Cir. 2012) (“If the ALJ’s decision is
supported by substantial evidence, then reversal would not be warranted even if substantial
evidence would support the opposite conclusion.”). Rather, the Court must affirm the agency
decision if substantial evidence supports it, even if the Court might have decided the case
differently if standing in the ALJ’s shoes. See id.; Johnson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 652 F.3d 646,
648 (6th Cir. 2011).
The ALJ must also faithfully heed agency rules and regulations. An ALJ’s failure to
properly apply and follow applicable law “denotes a lack of substantial evidence, even where the
conclusion of the ALJ may be justified based upon the record.” Cole v. Astrue, 661 F.3d 931, 937
(6th Cir. 2011); see also Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 545 (6th Cir. 2004) (“It is
an elemental principle of administrative law that agencies are bound to follow their own
regulations.”).
III.
Analysis
Cornette’s sole contention is that Judge Mullins failed to adequately develop the record at
step four in support of her physical RFC finding. 3 She contends the absence of a required bridge
between the medical record and the ALJ’s RFC formulation. 4 In furtherance of this argument,
Cornette’s argument focuses solely on Judge Mullins’s physical RFC finding and presents no challenge
to the validity of her mental RFC determination. Thus, the Court’s analysis here involves only the physical
RFC.
4
See DE 14 at 1–2 (Reply, calling “crux” of argument “whether the ALJ logically connected the evidence
to the RFC determination in the absence of the guidance of any medical professional”).
3
6
Cornette relies largely on the so-called “Deskin rule,” as articulated in Deskin v. Comm’r of Soc.
Sec., 605 F. Supp. 2d 908 (N.D. Ohio 2008). Deskin holds that where a “transcript contains only
diagnostic evidence and no opinion from a medical source about functional limitations (or only an
outdated nonexamining agency opinion), to fulfill the responsibility to develop a complete record,
the ALJ must recontact the treating source, order a consultative examination, or have a medical
expert testify at the hearing.” Id. at 912 (quotation marks and citation omitted). The only exception
to this rule is when the medical evidence shows “relatively little physical impairment” and an ALJ
“can render a commonsense judgment about functional capacity.” Id.
Here, because both agency consultants found insufficient evidence to render a physical
determination, the record lacked a medical-source opinion in support of Judge Mullins’s imposed
RFC. Absent such an opinion (or one of Deskin’s three approved substitutes), Cornette contends
that Judge Mullins “made a lay interpretation” of raw, diagnostic evidence (most notably the “2018
x-ray of the lumbar spine where moderate to significant right facet arthropathy was present at L45,” DE 11 at 7) and used it to “craft[] the RFC out of thin air . . . without any guidance from a
medical professional concerning the severity of the [diagnostic] findings.” DE 11 at 6–7.
As a threshold matter, the Court notes that Deskin is far from settled law and hardly a “rule”
in this Circuit. While a smattering of district courts have adopted similar rules, see, e.g., McCauley
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 3:20-cv-13069, 2021 WL 5871527, at *14 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 17, 2021)
(“Where a ‘critical body’ of the ‘objective medical evidence’ is not accounted for by a medical
opinion[,] . . . the ALJ should develop the record by obtaining opinion evidence that accounts for
the entire relevant period.”), Deskin is not binding authority, and recent Sixth Circuit rulings have
cut strongly against application of such a rule. See, e.g., Tucker v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 775 F.
App'x 220, 226 (6th Cir. 2019) (“[T]he administrative law judge’s residual functional capacity
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finding does not need to correspond to a particular physician’s opinion. . . . No bright-line rule
exists in our circuit directing that medical opinions must be the building blocks of the residual
functional capacity finding[.]”); Mokbel-Aljahmi v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 732 F. App’x 395, 401
(6th Cir. 2018) (“Mokbel-Aljahmi contends that once the ALJ decided to give no weight to the
physicians’ opinions regarding his ability to work, the ALJ was required to get the opinion of
another physician before setting the residual functional capacity. We disagree. We have previously
rejected the argument that a residual functional capacity determination cannot be supported by
substantial evidence unless a physician offers an opinion consistent with that of the ALJ.”); Perry
v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 734 F. App’x 335, 339 (6th Cir. 2018) (“[T]he determination of a
claimant’s RFC is a matter for the ALJ alone—not a treating or examining doctor—to decide.”
(quoting Turk v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 647 F. App’x 638, 640 (6th Cir. 2016))).
Recent decisions in this District have followed the Sixth Circuit’s clear guidance and
declined to apply Deskin. See, e.g., Ballou v. O’Malley, No. 6:24-cv-32-GFVT, 2024 WL
4805342, at *5 (E.D. Ky. Nov. 15, 2024) (explicitly rejecting application of Deskin); Regan v.
O’Malley, No. 5:23-cv-65-GFVT, 2024 WL 1336443, at *5–6 (E.D. Ky. Mar. 28, 2024) (same).
Indeed, even in the Northern District of Ohio—Deskin’s district of origin—courts frequently
refuse to adhere. See, e.g., Winans v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 5:22-cv-1793, 2023 WL 7622632,
at *4 (N.D. Ohio Nov. 15, 2023) (“Deskin is a non-binding district court decision that conflicts
with the regulations and Sixth Circuit case law . . . .”); Skibski v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 3:23cv-1554, 2024 WL 3387290, at *13–14 (N.D. Ohio July 9, 2024) (collecting Northern District of
Ohio cases rejecting Deskin and emphasizing that “[Claimant]’s argument that the ALJ was
obligated to request additional medical opinion evidence merely because ‘the record lacks a
medical opinion of [her RFC] from any medical source addressing the period at issue’ is not
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supported by the regulations or Sixth Circuit precedent” (emphasis omitted) (internal citation
omitted)).
The Court here joins the long list of decisions rejecting the strictures of Deskin. Relevant
governing regulations simply provide that an ALJ must base an RFC determination on “all of the
relevant medical and other evidence,” 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(3), and that the ALJ “may” order a
consultative exam if the medical record is insufficient, see id. § 416.912(b)(2) (emphasis added).
This is consistent with the above Sixth Circuit caselaw, which requires only that the ALJ “make a
connection between the evidence relied on and the conclusion reached.” See Tucker, 775 F. App’x
at 226. And of course, RFC formulation is the responsibility of the ALJ. See 20 C.F.R.
§ 416.946(c).
Here, Judge Mullins found the final, unobjected to 2018 RFC determination persuasive
because that finding was based on a “severe physical impairment of degenerative disc disease of
the lumbar spine via an x-ray and MRI, and this impairment is chronic in nature with current
records showing a repeat positive x-ray of the lumbar spine.” R. at 19 (internal citations omitted).
In other words, Judge Mullins concluded that because more current x-ray and diagnostic results
matched those used to support the 2018 RFC determination, adoption of that finding as a base was
appropriate. This logical reasoning appears sound to the Court and builds an adequate connection
between the relied-upon evidence and the ultimate RFC imposed.
The strength of the prior decision and subsequent evidence is why, at least in part, Judge
Mullins found the two agency medical opinions unpersuasive. See id. (“The undersigned did not
find these opinions to be persuasive as the current medical records include[] clinical imaging
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positive for severe degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine, which is chronic in nature.”). 5
Cornette argues that by disregarding the expert opinions and not seeking more, Judge Mullins
“erroneously substituted her own interpretation of the x-ray and MRI for that of the state agency
consultants who both opined that further development was necessary. Such further development
may have revealed further limitations that would render Plaintiff unable to perform any substantial
gainful activity.” DE 11 at 8. However, Judge Mullins’s decision to disregard the unpersuasive
medical opinions was fully compliant with Sixth Circuit precedent. See Tucker, 775 F. App’x at
226 (“[T]o the extent that Tucker interprets [the agency expert’s medical] opinion as asserting that
Tucker is more limited than the administrative law judge’s mental residual functional capacity
finding recognized, that interpretation is contradicted by the medical evidence as a whole in the
record. The administrative law judge articulated her rationale for discounting [the agency expert]’s
opinion and that rationale is supported by substantial evidence.”). Here, Judge Mullins likewise
found that the experts’ opinions were contradicted by the medical evidence as a whole, and she
adequately articulated her rationale for making such a finding. Though § 416.918 would likely
have allowed Judge Mullins to make an adverse determination for Cornette’s CE participation
defaults, Judge Mullins instead placed the prior 2018 determination against the interim evidence
and rejected the evaluators’ failure to account for the full record. This benefitted Cornette, just
not enough to get her across the disability line.
Why? Because Judge Mullins, as was required, looked at the complete record, including
interim medical findings, an interim car wreck, and the testimony at the hearing. The medical
records (e.g., confirmatory post-2018 back examinations and treatment) supported the chronic
The Court notes that Cornette does not actually dispute the validity of Judge Mullins’s finding that the
agency opinions were unpersuasive. Instead, Cornette contests only Judge Mullins’s decision to not seek
further medical-source opinion evidence once this initial finding was made.
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nature of the prior impairments. Cornette’s own testimony described some limitations, but
conceded an ability to stand for an hour, sit for two hours, complete all housework (“I can’t stay
at it all the time, but no. I don’t have no problem doing general work at home.”), and lift 25 pounds.
See R. at 59, 64 (Cornette Hearing Testimony). Thus, Judge Mullins built on the prior decision,
accounted for intervening matters and Cornette’s testimony (in context, including a 2021
unassisted and “normal gait” observation, see R. at 17), and yielded a rational and well-supported
RFC. Reference to a claimant’s testimony is part and parcel of the RFC process, where apt. See
20 C.F.R. § 416.945(3). 6
Indeed, the Court views Cornette’s argument in this regard—that Judge Mullins “played
doctor” by substituting the experts’ medical opinions for her own lay interpretation of raw medical
data—as particularly disingenuous given that the reason Dr. Booth and Dr. Farmer found
insufficient evidence to assess Cornette’s RFC was because Cornette herself failed to attend the
scheduled appointments. See R. at 94 (“[Cornette] missed this exam and has not responded to our
multiple attempts to reschedule. Therefore, the evidence is insufficient to assess [Cornette]’s
ability to perform basic work activities due to [Cornette]’s failure to cooperate.” (emphasis
added)); id. at 103 (“[Cornette] did not keep exam and has not responded to call in procedures.
There is [therefore] insufficient evidence in file to evaluate.”). Thus, the only reason the transcript
lacked a proper Deskin medical opinion was due to Cornette’s own unexplained failure to attend
her scheduled medical exams. Judge Mullins fairly assessed what the record did contain, including
the remaining evidence in the record (such as the 2018 RFC finding, which itself was supported
by a proper medical opinion, see R. at 82–83). If Cornette felt that the relied upon medical
evidence did not properly encapsulate the severity of her impairments, or that “further
And, e.g., Cornette’s family depicted her as able to shop for “hours,” perhaps 5–6 hours, see R. at 275,
further intermixed into the ALJ’s assessment.
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development” was necessary to properly illustrate the scope of her ailments, 7 it is inexplicable why
she would not attend—after being given multiple opportunities to do so—an exam that would
seemingly provide a direct remedy to the issue. Her lawyer, of course, represented that the record
was complete at the time of the hearing. R. 48. The Commissioner quite rightly notes that Cornette
had the burden of proving disability. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.912(a).
The Court will not allow Cornette—who, again, makes no attempt to explain or excuse her
appointment no-shows—to engage in this dance, contending the record was adequate only until
she lost the decision. Judge Mullins reasonably discarded the agency experts’ opinions and instead
relied on the remaining evidence in the record to construct the RFC. This was a proper method
under Sixth Circuit precedent, and the mere fact that her decision lacked a direct and
contemporaneous medical opinion does not, on this record, invalidate the RFC determination.
In conjunction with her argument for a strict application of Deskin, Cornette also more
generally disputes Judge Mullins’s decision to implement “additional limitations” to those put
forth in the 2018 RFC, purportedly based on “new and material medical evidence of record.” See
R. at 19. Cornette contends that Judge Mullins failed to explain what this “new and material”
evidence was, arguing that she “[did] nothing more than summarize evidence and then conclude
without explanation that this was the ultimate RFC.” DE 11 at 8 (emphasis omitted).
Judge Mullins’s physical RFC finding contains three additional and/or upgraded
limitations compared to the 2018 version: (1) occasional (as opposed to frequent) climbing of
What specific “additional impairments” would have been revealed by this further development, Cornette
does not and cannot say. Judge Mullins found the supported impairments and rationally defined how those
limitations impacted Cornette’s work abilities. It was rational to treat the 2018 analysis as supported. It
was rational to account for interim events and treatment. It was rational to discount Cornette’s own precise
formulation, in part based on the overall mildness of the physical limits in the record, the consistently
conservative treatment, the indications of improvements in 2018, and, e.g., references to Cornette
describing a five-year gap, R. at 19, with no treatment of any type through much of the relevant period.
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stairs and ramps; (2) preclusion of (as opposed to occasional) climbing of ladders, ropes, or
scaffolds; and (3) the requirement that Cornette be allowed to “sit/stand every two hours for five
minutes while at the work station.” Compare R. at 16 (2023 RFC finding), with R. at 80 (2018
RFC finding). Cornette focuses her argument here on the sit/stand requirement, claiming that the
limitation is “vague” and that Judge Mullins “fail[ed] to connect this limitation to any evidence in
the record.” DE 11 at 8. On the contrary, however, and as noted, Judge Mullins crafted this portion
of the RFC based on partial acceptance of Cornette’s own testimony, in which she “estimated she
could stand no longer than one hour [and] sit two hours before having to move[.]” R. at 17; see
id. at 59 (Cornette Testimony). The ALJ looked askance at Cornette’s precise views in terms of
“intensity, persistence, and limiting effects,” id. at 16, but the interim events/records and
Cornette’s sworn views provided reasons for some restrictions beyond what the 2018 ALJ
imposed. The RFC’s sit/stand limitation is therefore not “vague” or arbitrary as Cornette claims
but is instead appropriately tailored to address Cornette’s own characterization of her movement
abilities, to the extent credible. The limitation furthermore complies with SSR 96-9p, which
requires the ALJ to specify “the frequency of the [claimant]’s need to alternate sitting and
standing.” See SSR 96-9p, 61 Fed. Reg. 34478, 34482 (July 2, 1996). And as to the verbiage, the
hearing shows that the ALJ plainly was talking about Cornette’s need, in a hypothetical job, for
the “opportunity to alternate between sitting and standing every two hours for five minutes while
at the workstation[.]” See R. at 67. The Court sees nothing vague in the RFC specification.
Cornette also argues that the sit/stand limitation “would be more akin to sedentary work
which is not satisfied by the light jobs relied upon to deny [Cornette] benefits at step five of the
sequential evaluation process.” DE 14 at 3; see also DE 11 at 9. However, Cornette does little to
13
expand upon this argument, which is not accurate in the Court’s view, and Judge Mullins expressly
considered the number of unskilled, light-work jobs available given the RFC’s limitations:
If the claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform the full range of light
work, a finding of “not disabled” would be [proper] . . . . However, the claimant’s
ability to perform all or substantially all of the requirements of this level of work
has been impeded by additional limitations. To determine the extent to which these
limitations erode the unskilled light occupational base, [Judge Mullins] asked [a]
vocational expert whether jobs exist in the national economy for an individual with
the claimant’s age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity.
The vocational expert testified that given all of these factors the individual would
be able to perform the requirements of light representative occupations. Examples
provided at the unskilled light level of exertion in the national economy were as
follows: routing clerk jobs, 53,000 jobs; marker jobs, 280,000 jobs; and mail sorter
jobs, 10,000 jobs.
...
Pursuant to SSR 00-4p, the undersigned has determined that the vocational expert’s
testimony is consistent with the information contained in the Dictionary of
Occupational Titles. Although some limitations within the residual functional
capacity were not found in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles or its companion
publications (i.e. sit/stand option), the vocational expert testified that the
representative occupations identified could be performed with the limitation(s). In
addition, the vocational expert testified that the opinion was supplemented by the
vocational expert’s research, work experience, and education. The undersigned
therefore finds that this is a reasonable basis for the vocational expert’s opinion.
R. at 21–22 (citations omitted). The Court therefore comprehends no reason (and Cornette does
not provide one) to conclude that the imposed sit/stand limitation inherently conflicts with the
light-work RFC finding or ultimate disability determination.
The Court finds the RFC formulation supported by substantial evidence and formulated in
compliance with the governing regulations. As such, the Court rejects Cornette’s appeal.
IV.
Conclusion
In sum, Judge Mullins did not “craft[] the RFC out of thin air” as Cornette contends.
Rather, in reaching her RFC determination, Judge Mullins considered not only the agency
consultants’ findings (which she appropriately discarded as unpersuasive), but also Cornette’s later
medical records, her own statements, and her previous agency determination. Judge Mullins then
14
traversed a logical bridge between this evidence and the physical RFC finding. This constitutes
substantial evidence in support of her decision, and the imposed RFC therefore stands.
Accordingly, the Court DENIES Cornette’s appeal (DE 11) and AFFIRMS the Agency
decision under sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The Court will enter a separate judgment.
This the 28th day of January, 2025.
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