Waste Management of Louisiana, L.L.C. v. River Birch, Inc. et al
Filing
131
ORDER and REASONS granting in part and denying in part 107 Motion to Dismiss Counts I and II. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff shall have until Monday, April 27, 2015, to amend its complaint to include the factual bases for its assertion that equitable principles render its claim timely, as stated within document. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/27/2015. (cbs)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF LOUISIANA, LLC
CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS
NO. 11-2405
RIVER BIRCH, INC.,
HIGHWAY 90, LLC,
FREDERICK R. HEEBE, and
ALBERT WARD, JR.
SECTION "N" (4)
ORDER AND REASONS
Presently before the Court is the "Motion to Dismiss Counts I and II' filed by
Defendants Frederick R. Heebe and Albert J. Ward, Jr. See Rec. Doc. 107.1 The Court rules on the
motion as stated herein.
BACKGROUND
As discussed in the parties's submissions, Plaintiff's RICO claims regarding the 2006
closure of the Chef Menteur landfill, as pled in Plaintiff's original and first amended complaints, are
premised upon Defendants' alleged bribery of Henry Mouton, the former Commissioner of the
Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.2 In granting Defendants' previously filed motion
1
This motion has been adopted by Defendants Highway 90, LLC, and River Birch,
Inc. See Rec. Doc. 108, p. 1. The ruling stated herein likewise applies to the aspect of those
defendants' motion concerning Counts I and II of the Second Amended Complaint.
2
Plaintiff identified bribes paid to Henry Mouton as the predicate acts of his RICO
claims concerning the Chef Menteur landfill in both his original and first amended complaint and
RICO case statement. See Complaint (Rec. Doc. 1); Amended Complaint (Rec. Doc. 10), ¶ 91;
RICO Case Statement (Rec. Doc. 5), pp. 8-11.
to dismiss regarding those claims, the Court concluded Plaintiff’s allegations failed to satisfy its
pleading burden relative to causation, that is, that the alleged RICO predicate offense, bribery of
Mouton, a public official, was a “but for” and the “proximate cause” of the alleged injury–loss of
the emergency authorization for the landfill.3 In other words, the Court found that Plaintiff had not
alleged sufficient facts to allow a reasonable inference, as opposed to mere speculation, that former
Mayor Ray Nagin’s July 2006 withdrawal of Chef Menteur’s authorization was because of actions
by Mouton, taken as a result of bribery allegedly attributable to Defendants, rather than a mere
coincidence.4
Following that ruling, Plaintiff filed its Second Amended Complaint.5 Although
maintaining Plaintiff's prior assertions regarding Mouton, the Second Amended Complaint
additionally alleges that Nagin's decision to withdraw Chef Menteur's emergency authorization
resulted from Defendants' payment of unlawful contributions to Nagin's 2006 re-election campaign
made with the specific intent to cause the former mayor to reverse course relative to the landfill.6
Pointing to July 2006 correspondence from the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to
Nagin outlining the negative consequences anticipated to result from Chef Menteur's closure,7
Plaintiff contends Nagin's decision cannot otherwise be explained by a change in circumstance
3
See Rec. Docs. 69 and 98.
4
See Rec. Doc. 98.
5
See Second Amended Complaint, Rec. Doc. 106.
6
Id. at ¶¶ 6, 11-14, and 54-71.
7
See Rec. Doc. 106, ¶¶ 16, and 64-69; see also Exhibit A to Rec. Doc. 106.
2
relative to the exigencies of New Orleans' hurricane clean-up operations.8 In apparent further
support for its position,9 Plaintiff's Second Amendment also twice references Nagin's 2014
conviction of "twenty counts of bribery, conspiracy, and wire fraud," arising from receipt of
financial benefits from city contractors, including those associated with Hurricane Katrina clean-up
and rebuilding efforts, both before and after Hurricane Katrina.10
In the instant motion, Defendants contend that the allegations set forth in Plaintiff's
Second Amended Complaint fail to cure the deficiencies forming the basis of the Court's prior
dismissal of Plaintiff's RICO claims based on upon Defendants' alleged bribery of Henry Mouton.
Defendants also contend that Plaintiff's new RICO bribery assertions, premised upon contributions
to Nagin's re-election campaign, are conclusory and facially deficient such that they fail to state a
viable claim of bribery and, in any event, are untimely.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
The legal principles governing the Court's determination whether the allegations of
Plaintiff's Amended Complaint are sufficient to survive dismissal, under Rule 12(b) of the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure, are set forth in the Court's prior Order and Reasons directed to Plaintiff's
RICO claims.11 Accordingly, in the interest of brevity, the Court will not repeat those tenets herein.
Having carefully considered those principles, the parties' submissions, the allegations of Plaintiff's
8
Id. at ¶¶ 13 and 64.
9
If not intended to provide support for Plaintiff's allegations regarding the purpose and
effect of Defendants' contributions to Nagin's decision regarding the Chef Menteur landfill, the
statements seemingly are superfluous and not appropriately included in the pleading.
10
See Rec. Doc. 106, ¶¶ 15 and 70.
11
See Rec. Doc. 98, pp. 2-5.
3
Second Amended Complaint, and the allegations set forth in its earlier complaints, the Court
concludes, for essentially the reasons articulated in Defendants' memoranda,12 that Plaintiff has
failed to cure the "causation" pleading deficiencies previously identified relative to Plaintiff's RICO
claims premised upon Defendants' alleged bribery of Mouton.
On the other hand, the Court agrees with Plaintiff that its new assertions relative to
Defendants' alleged bribery of Nagin, if timely, are sufficiently pled so as to withstand Heebe’s
Rule 12(b)(6) attack. In reaching this conclusion, the Court particularly notes the factual allegations
outlined in paragraphs 54-71 of the Second Amended Complaint, as well as the analysis of the issue
found in Plaintiff's opposition memorandum.13
As stated above, however, Defendants Heebe and Ward also contend that Plaintiff's
more recent RICO allegations, resting on Defendants' purported bribery of Nagin via unlawful
campaign contributions, are barred by the four-year statute of limitations applicable to civil RICO
claims. See Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley–Duff & Associates, Inc., 483 U.S. 143, 156 (1987)
(concluding four–year limitations period applicable to Clayton Act civil enforcement actions
likewise applies to civil RICO claims). Given that Defendants are alleged to have made the
unlawful campaign contributions in 2006 and the Chef Menteur landfill also was closed in 2006, the
assertions do appear to be untimely based solely on an examination of the face of Plaintiff's Second
Amended Complaint.
12
See Rec. Docs. 107 and 123.
13
See Rec. Doc. 121.
4
In urging the timeliness of these more recent RICO assertions, Plaintiff references
the "relation back" principles set forth in Rule 15(c)(1)(B) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.14
Defendants dispute the applicability of the provision, arguing Plaintiff's assertion that Defendants'
alleged bribery of Nagin brought about the withdrawal of Chef Menteur's emergency authorization
constitutes "new and distinct” conduct, transactions, or occurrences.15 Unfortunately, the parties’
discussion of the “relation back” question essentially ends there; no analysis of pertinent
14
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15 provides, in pertinent part:
Rule 15. Amended and Supplemental Pleadings
(c) Relation Back of Amendments.
(1) When an Amendment Relates Back. An amendment to a
pleading relates back to the date of the original pleading
when:
(A) the law that provides the applicable statute of limitations
allows relation back;
(B) the amendment asserts a claim or defense that arose out
of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set out – or
attempted to be set out – in the original pleading; or
(C) the amendment changes the party or the naming of the
party against whom a claim is asserted, if Rule 15(c)(1)(B) is
satisfied and if, within the period provided by Rule 4(m) for
serving the summons and complaint, the party to be brought
in by amendment:
(i) received such notice of the action that it will not be
prejudiced in defending on the merits; and
(ii) knew or should have known that the action would
have been brought against it, but for a mistake
concerning the proper party's identity.
15
See Rec. Doc. 123, p. 4.
5
jurisprudence, addressing the proper application of Rule 15(c)’s relation back provision to
circumstances such as those presented here, is provided. Nor are any facts alleged in the Second
Amended Complaint to support such a contention. Additionally, moreover, Plaintiff’s parting
argument – that "equitable tolling" principles generally applicable to federal statutes of limitations
render its RICO claims timely – is left unanswered by Defendants.16
Given the foregoing, the Court will grant Defendants' motion to dismiss relative to
Plaintiff’s RICO claims insofar as those claims are predicated on Defendants’ alleged bribery of
Mouton. The motion is denied, however, relative to Plaintiff’s RICO claims premised upon
Defendants’ 2006 contributions to Nagin’s re-election campaign. Given the significant, but
unresolved, question of the timeliness of Plaintiff’s remaining RICO claims, the latter ruling is
without prejudice to Defendants’ right to seek pre-trial resolution of the issue by means of
additional properly supported motion practice subsequent to Plaintiff being allowed until Monday,
April 27, 2015, to amend its complaint to include the factual bases for its assertion that equitable
principles render its claim timely.17
16
Plaintiff’s sur-reply invokes the equitable tolling doctrine in response to Defendants'
suggestion, in their reply memorandum, that the 2011 filing date of the initial complaint, given the
four-year limitations period, render untimely the entirety of Plaintiff’s RICO’s claims premised upon
the 2006 closure of the Chef Menteur landfill. See Rec. Docs. 123 and 130.
17
The parties are advised that all legal memoranda hereinafter submitted in this action
must include proper citations and analysis of controlling statutory and jurisprudential authorities.
6
CONCLUSION
On the present showing made, IT IS ORDERED that Defendant Heebe’s motion is
GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART to the extent stated herein. IT IS FURTHER
ORDERED that Plaintiff shall have until Monday, April 27, 2015, to amend its complaint to include
the factual bases for its assertion that equitable principles render its claim timely.
New Orleans, Louisiana, this 27th day of March 2015.
_________________________________
KURT D. ENGELHARDT
United States District Judge
7
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