Glover v. Kansas City Southern Railway Company
Filing
133
ORDER AND REASONS granting in part and denying in part 25 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on the Issue of Liability. Signed by Judge Jane Triche Milazzo on 9/20/2013. (my, )
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
WESLEY SHANE GLOVER
CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS
NO: 11‐2808
THE KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN
RAILWAY COMPANY
SECTION: “H”(2)
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court is Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on liability. (R. Doc. 25.)
For the following reasons, the motion is GRANTED IN PART. The Court finds that Defendant
violated the Safety Appliance Act, 49 U.S.C. § 20301, et seq., and that such a violation constitutes
negligence per‐se under the Federal Employers Liability Act, 45 U.S.C. § 51. However, the Court
also finds that there is a genuine dispute of material fact regarding the cause of Plaintiff's fall.
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BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, Wesley Glover, was employed by Defendant, Kansas City Southern Railway
Company, as a brakeman. On August 24, 2011, Plaintiff was working on a train which stopped at
Defendant's "Reserve Yard" in Reserve, LA. While setting handbrakes on one of the train's railcars,
Plaintiff alleges that he reached up to grab a handhold near the top of the railcar in order to swing
around onto the other side of the car. Plaintiff claims that one side of the handhold suddenly gave
way when he grabbed it, causing him to fall and injure himself. Plaintiff filed the instant suit
seeking damages under the Federal Employers Liability Act. He now files this Motion for Partial
Summary Judgment on the issue of liability.
LEGAL STANDARD
Summary judgment is appropriate "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories,
and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any
material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ.
P. 56(c) (2012). A genuine issue of fact exists only "if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury
could return a verdict for the nonmoving party." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248
(1986).
In determining whether the movant is entitled to summary judgment, the Court views facts
in the light most favorable to the non‐movant and draws all reasonable inferences in his favor.
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Coleman v. Houston Indep. Sch. Dist., 113 F.3d 528 (5th Cir. 1997). "If the moving party meets the
initial burden of showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact, the burden shifts to the
non‐moving party to produce evidence or designate specific facts showing the existence of a
genuine issue for trial." Engstrom v. First Nat’l Bank of Eagle Lake, 47 F.3d 1459, 1462 (5th Cir.
1995). Summary judgment is appropriate if the non‐movant "fails to make a showing sufficient to
establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case." Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477
U.S. 317, 324 (1986). "In response to a properly supported motion for summary judgment, the
nonmovant must identify specific evidence in the record and articulate the manner in which that
evidence supports that party’s claim, and such evidence must be sufficient to sustain a finding in
favor of the nonmovant on all issues as to which the nonmovant would bear the burden of proof
at trial." John v. Deep E. Tex. Reg. Narcotics Trafficking Task Force, 379 F.3d 293, 301 (5th Cir. 2004)
(internal citations omitted). "This burden is not satisfied with some metaphysical doubt as to the
material facts, by conclusory allegations, by unsubstantiated assertions, or by only a scintilla of
evidence. We resolve factual controversies in favor of the nonmoving party, but only when there
is an actual controversy, that is, when both parties have submitted evidence of contradictory
facts." Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994) (internal citations omitted). "We
do not . . . in the absence of any proof, assume that the nonmoving party could or would prove the
necessary facts." Badon v. R J R Nabisco, Inc., 224 F.3d 382, 394 (5th Cir. 2000) (quoting Little v.
Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994)). Additionally, "[t]he mere argued existence of
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a factual dispute will not defeat an otherwise properly supported motion." Boudreaux v. Banctec,
Inc., 366 F. Supp. 2d 425, 430 (E.D. La. 2005).
LAW AND ANALYSIS
FELA provides that “[e]very common carrier by railroad . . . shall be liable in damages to any
person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier . . . for such injury or death resulting
in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier."
45 U.S.C. § 51. Thus, Plaintiff must prove that 1) he was the employee of a common carrier by
railroad; 2) that he suffered an injury while he was employed by such carrier; and, 3) the injury was
caused by the negligence of the carrier or its employees. In this case, Plaintiff alleges that his injury
was caused by a defective "grab iron" on the side of a rail car. He alleges that a defective "grab
iron" is a violation of the Safety Appliance Act ("SSA"), 49 U.S.C. 20301, et seq. "The cause of action
created by [FELA], embraces claims of an employee based on violations of the Safety Appliance Act.
In such actions, the injured employee is required to prove only the statutory violation and thus is
relieved of the burden of proving negligence." Crane v. Cedar Rapids & I. C. Ry. Co., 395 U.S. 164,
166 (1969); see also Trinidad v. S. Pac. Transp. Co., 949 F.2d 187, 188 (5th Cir. 1991) ("The Safety
Appliance Act imposes strict liability on railroads for violations of the Act's safety standards.").
The parties do not dispute that Plaintiff was an employee of Defendant (a common carrier
by railroad), or that the alleged injury occurred during the course of his employment. Thus, in
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order to prevail on this Motion, Plaintiff must prove that there is no genuine dispute of material
fact that: 1) Defendant violated the SSA and 2) the violation caused Plaintiff's injury. Additionally,
it is important to note that the standard for causation in FELA cases is different from the causation
standard under a traditional negligence theory. The Supreme Court has held that, in order to
satisfy the causation requirement of FELA, a Plaintiff must prove that the FELA employer's
"negligence played a part–‐no matter how small—in bringing about the injury." CSX Transp., Inc.
v. McBride, 131 S. Ct. 2630, 2644 (2011). Thus, if the Plaintiff can prove that Defendant violated
the SSA and that the violation played even the smallest part in causing his injury, then he must
prevail on this motion.
I. Violation of the SSA
The SSA provides (in pertinent part) that "a railroad carrier may use or allow to be used on
any of its railroad lines ... a vehicle only if it is equipped with secure grab irons or handholds on its
ends and sides for greater security to individuals in coupling and uncoupling vehicles." 49 U.S.C.
§ 20302. Plaintiff argues that the railroad car on which he was working had a grab iron which was
not secure at the time of the accident. He supports this allegation through his own deposition
testimony in which he testified that the grab iron gave way when he grabbed it. Plaintiff also
provides the Defendant's own internal documents, which contain a substantially similar description
of the accident. He specifically cites to an inspection report created by Defendant just hours after
the accident which indicates that the "top handhold [of the railcar was] missing securement on one
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side."1 This report is consistent with Plaintiff's own testimony that one side of the grab iron gave
way when he grabbed it, causing Plaintiff to lose his grip and to fall.
Defendant admits that its own internal investigation reveals that the grab iron was missing
a bolt hours after the accident. Despite the fact that the missing bolt is, by any definition, a
violation of the SSA2, Defendant argues that Plaintiff has not offered enough evidence that the bolt
was missing at the time of his fall. In making this argument, Defendant overlooks its burden to
"identify affirmative evidence from which a jury could find" in it's favor. Crawford‐El, 523 U.S. at
600. Defendant does not point to a single piece of affirmative evidence which suggests that the
grab iron was secure at the time of Plaintiff's fall. Instead it argues that, because Plaintiff was the
only person to witness the fall, this Court cannot find a violation of the SSA without evaluating
Plaintiff's credibility, a task reserved for the jury. The Court finds this argument unpersuasive. In
light of the fact that Defendant's own internal investigation confirmed the unsecured grab iron, and
Defendant's failure to offer any affirmative evidence demonstrating a genuine factual dispute, the
Court grants Plaintiff's motion as to the first element of his claim: that Defendant violated the SSA
by failing to provide secure grab irons on the railcar in question.
1
In supplemental briefing on this motion, Plaintiff submitted portions of the deposition of the
railroad employee who inspected the car after the accident. The deposition excerpt substantially
conforms to the report initially offered in support of this motion.
2
See e.g Roe v. Port Terminal R. R. Ass'n, 620 S.W.2d 870, 874 (Tex. Civ. App. 1981) (Finding that
a grab iron which moved as little as one‐half inch was not "firmly fastened" and therefore not secure
within meaning of the SSA).
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II. Causation of Injuries
Plaintiff must next prove that Defendant's violation of the SSA caused him some injury. For
liability purposes, it is enough that Plaintiff prove that he sustained an injury. In support of his
motion as to the causation issue, Plaintiff initially provided his own deposition testimony in which
he stated that he fell to the ground when the grab iron gave way, as well as Defendant's internal
reports which essentially reflect the same version of events.
In response to Plaintiff's motion, Defendant attached the affidavit of Robert Morris, a
purported expert in railway safety. Mr. Morris offers the opinion that Plaintiff was solely at fault
for the accident, and that the unsecured grab iron would not have caused Plaintiff to fall if Plaintiff
was exercising proper care. Specifically, he alleges that Plaintiff failed to utilize a safe climbing
technique as required by Defendant's safety manual. Mr. Morris offers the opinion that, had
Plaintiff utilized a safe climbing technique, the faulty grab iron would not have caused his fall.
While the Court has significant doubts as to the plausibility of this opinion, such concerns are
inappropriate on a motion for summary judgment. In the event that a jury were to believe Mr.
Morris and find that Plaintiff was 100% at fault for the accident, Plaintiff would not be able to
recover under FELA. Accordingly, there is a genuine dispute of material fact as to the cause of
Plaintiff's fall. For this reason, Plaintiff motion is denied as to the issue of causation.
CONCLUSION
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For the reasons previously stated, Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on
liability is GRANTED IN PART. The Court finds that Defendant violated the SSA when it failed to
provide a secure grab iron on the railcar in question. However, because there is a genuine dispute
of material fact as to whether the unsecured grab iron caused Plaintiff's fall, the Court DENIES the
motion as to the issue of causation.
New Orleans, Louisiana, this 20th day of September, 2013.
____________________________
JANE TRICHE MILAZZO
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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