Grand Isle Shipyards, Inc. v. Black Elk Offshore Operations, L.L.C. et al
Filing
194
ORDER AND REASONS: IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiff Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc.'s 125 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is DENIED, as set forth in document. Signed by Chief Judge Nannette Jolivette Brown on 7/22/2019. (Reference: 15-129)(jls)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
GRAND ISLE SHIPYARDS, INC.
CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS
CASE NO. 15-129
BLACK ELK ENERGY OFFSHORE
OPERATIONS, LLC
SECTION: “G” (5)
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court is Plaintiff Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc.’s (“GIS”) “Motion for Partial
Summary Judgment.”1 In this litigation, GIS claims that Defendant Black Elk Energy Offshore
Operations, LLC (“BEEOO”) failed to pay GIS for goods and services connected to BEEOO’s oil
operations.2 BEEOO filed a counterclaim, alleging that GIS engaged in fraud, breach of contract,
breach of warranty and negligence when GIS performed work on BEEOO’s platform.3 GIS filed
the instant motion for partial summary judgment, urging the Court to rule as a matter of law that
BEEOO breached the parties’ contract.4 In opposition, BEEOO argues that issues of fact remain
on what contract GIS alleges was breached, whether GIS itself breached the contract, and whether
the proper amount of damages is before the Court.5 Having considered the motion, the memoranda
in support and opposition, the record, and the applicable law, the Court will deny the motion.
1
Rec. Doc. 125.
2
Rec. Doc. 1-1 at 2.
3
Rec. Doc. 4.
4
Rec. Doc. 125-1 at 1.
5
Rec. Doc. 105.
1
I. Background
A.
Factual Background
In the second amended complaint, GIS alleges that BEEOO breached the terms of the
parties’ agreement by failing to pay for services rendered. 6 GIS asserts that BEEOO contracted
with GIS for GIS to provide goods and services in support of BEEOO’s oil operations, but GIS
contends that it never received payment for the services.7 GIS avers that BEEOO is liable for
breach of contract, bad faith breach of contract, and detrimental reliance.8 GIS also seeks relief
through quantum meruit, a well lien act claim under the Louisiana Oil Well Lien Act (“LOWLA”)
and a request for a writ of sequestration and judgment on BEEOO’s property.9
B.
Procedural Background
On December 5, 2014, GIS filed a petition against BEEOO in the 17th Judicial District
Court for the Parish of Lafourche, State of Louisiana.10 GIS asserted a claim under the Oil Well
Lien Act.11 On January 21, 2015, BEEOO removed the case to this Court, asserting diversity
jurisdiction.12 On March 17, 2015, BEEOO answered the petition and asserted a counterclaim
against GIS.13 In the counterclaim, BEEOO alleged that GIS engaged in fraud, breach of contract,
breach of warranty, and negligence surrounding GIS’s work on BEEOO’s oil platform West Delta
32 (“West Delta 32”).14 On March 23, 2015, GIS amended its complaint to add claims for breach
6
Rec. Doc. 20 at 2–3.
7
Id. at 3.
8
Id. at 4–5.
9
Id. at 3–4.
10
Rec. Doc. 1-1.
11
Id.
12
Rec. Doc. 1.
13
Rec. Doc. 14.
14
Id.
2
of contract, bad faith breach of contract, detrimental reliance, and quantum meruit.15 On June 3,
2015, GIS filed a second amended complaint, removing several of the properties for which it
alleged claims.16
On August 11, 2015, certain creditors of BEEOO filed an involuntary petition for relief
under Title 11 of the United States Code against BEEOO in the United States Bankruptcy Court
for the Southern District of Texas.17 On August 19, 2015, this Court issued an order staying and
administratively closing the case pending BEEOO’s bankruptcy.18 On July 13, 2016, the
bankruptcy court issued an order confirming the liquidation plan regarding BEEOO and appointing
Richard Schmidt as the liquidation trustee.19 On May 10, 2018, this Court reopened the case and
substituted Richard Schmidt in the place of BEEOO.20
At a December 19, 2018 oral argument on GIS’s motion to dismiss, BEEOO admitted that
its fraud and negligence claims were prescribed under Louisiana law.21 Accordingly, on December
26, 2018, the Court dismissed BEEOO’s fraud and negligence claims.22 On May 28, 2019, GIS
filed the instant motion for partial summary judgment.23 On June 3, 2019, BEEOO filed an
opposition.24 With leave of Court, GIS filed a reply in support of the motion on June 5, 2019.25
15
Rec. Doc. 16.
16
Rec. Doc. 20.
17
See Rec. Doc. 29-2.
18
Rec. Doc. 32.
19
Rec. Doc. 34-1 at 23–24, 26–27.
20
Rec. Doc. 42. Though Richard Schmidt is the active Defendant in the case, the Court refers to Defendant as
BEEOO for continuity between the briefings.
21
Rec. Doc. 70 at 1.
22
Id. at 1–2.
23
Rec. Doc. 125.
24
Rec. Doc. 133.
25
Rec. Doc. 141.
3
II. Parties’ Arguments
A.
GIS’ Arguments in Support of the Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
In the motion, GIS urges the Court to find that BEEOO breached the parties’ contract for
payment of services rendered.26 GIS avers that it entered into a Business Alliance Agreement
(“BAA”) with BEEOO, under which GIS “provided labor, materials, supplies, machinery, fuel,
goods and services in connection with and in support of BEEOO’s drilling and/or production
operations and/or abandonment of certain oil and gas wells. ”27 GIS also alleges that it contracted
with D&R, a labor staffing company, to supply workers for BEEOO’s operations.28 GIS contends
that as it performed the requested work on BEEOO’s platforms, BEEOO’s representatives would
sign the work tickets to certify the work.29 According to GIS, after it obtained this certification, it
would attach the work tickets to billing invoices, send the invoices to BEEOO, and BEEOO’s
construction superintendent would approve the invoices for payment.30
GIS avers that BEEOO followed this process during 2010 and 2011 and paid all relevant
invoices during that time, but “[i]n 2012, BEEOO stopped making payments on GIS’ invoices
even though BEEOO continued to use GIS’ equipment.”31 GIS alleges that it suffered damages as
a result of BEEOO’s breach of contract and failure to pay for services rendered.32 GIS asserts that
it is entitled to, at a minimum, “a payment of $3,359,309.58 for its invoices BEEOO has failed to
26
Rec. Doc. 125-2 at 1.
27
Id. at 2.
28
Id. at 2–3.
29
Id. at 3.
30
Id.
31
Id. at 4.
32
Id.
4
pay, associated with GIS’s work between June 2, 2012 to September 12, 2014.”33 In clarifying the
damages, GIS states that its secured claim in the bankruptcy proceeding totals “$2,215,615.99,
plus pre- and post- petition interest, attorneys’ fees, costs and expenses.”34 GIS’ also represents
that it asserted “an unsecured claim in the amount of $1,143,693.59 exclusive of pre- and post- petition
interest, attorneys fees and costs” in the bankruptcy proceeding.35 Accordingly, GIS seeks summary
judgment for $3,359,309.58 in damages plus an additional amount to be sought at trial.36
In anticipation of BEEOO’s potential defenses, GIS argues that D&R was not a
subcontractor.37 GIS asserts that under Louisiana law, “a staffing service is an entity that hires and
pays its own employees and assigns them to clients to support or supplement the client’s workforce.”38
GIS avers that D&R merely supplied labor to GIS on an “as needed basis,” and D&R was therefore,
under Louisiana law, a staffing service and not a subcontractor.39 For these reasons, GIS asserts that it
is entitled to summary judgment on its breach of contract claim against BEEOO.40
B.
BEEOO’s Arguments in Opposition to the Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
In opposition, BEEOO argues that the Court should deny summary judgment for several
reasons.41 First, BEEOO asserts that GIS does not specifically identify which contractual terms
were allegedly breached by BEEOO.42 Second, BEEOO alleges that GIS cannot show that BEEOO
33
Id.
34
Id.
35
Id.
36
Id.
37
Id. at 7.
38
Id. (citing La. R.S. 23:1761(9); La. R.S. 23:1601(1)(b)(ii)(a)).
39
Id.
40
Id. at 8.
41
Rec. Doc. 133 at 2.
42
Id.
5
ever approved the alleged invoices because GIS itself breached the Master Service Agreement
(“MSA”) and BAA by hiring unauthorized subcontractors.43 Third, BEEOO avers that GIS has not
alleged an accurate amount of damages before the Court because GIS is improperly seeking
damages related to cases pending in other courts.44
BEEOO begins by arguing that “[n]otably absent from GIS’s Motion, is any proof of the
actual ‘contract’ between BEEOO and GIS which BEEOO breached causing GIS to incur unpaid
invoices.”45 BEEOO contends that GIS attempts to argue that the parties’ MSA does not apply to
the litigation, and GIS fails to provide text from either the MSA or the BAA that includes the terms
of the parties’ alleged agreement.46 BEEOO alleges that GIS’ motion attempts to rely only on
BEEOO’s acceptance of GIS’ work and course of dealing between the parties. 47 BEEOO insists
that these assertions are insufficient and GIS cannot support its breach of contract claim without
“present[ing] evidence establishing an actual contract for the work subject of the invoices at
issue.”48
Next, BEEOO proffers that GIS cannot seek damages for breach of contract when GIS
itself breached the terms of the MSA by utilizing D&R workers as subcontractors. 49 BEEOO
contends that though the MSA allowed for GIS to utilize subcontractors, the MSA terms required
GIS to seek approval first.50 BEEOO avers that GIS did not obtain BEEOO’s approval for the use
43
Id. at 10–11.
44
Id. at 11.
45
Id. at 6.
46
Id. at 6–7.
47
Id.
48
Id. at 7.
49
Id. at 10–11.
50
Id. at 8–9.
6
of the D&R workers as subcontractors, and GIS’ utilization of the workers constituted a breach of
the MSA terms.51 Therefore, BEEOO argues that it did not approve of GIS’ invoices related to the
D&R workers, and it does not owe GIS payment on these invoices.52
Finally, BEEOO avers that GIS does not provide evidence showing the amount of damages
that GIS is seeking related to the invoices.53 BEEOO alleges that in this litigation, GIS only listed
$207,230.17 as damages in the complaint, and it is unclear what GIS’ purported $3,300,000 figure
includes.54 BEEOO asserts that GIS could potentially be seeking to recover damages from other
claims that GIS filed in other cases that are not part of this litigation.55 If so, BEEOO contends that
damages related to those cases are not properly before the Court, and thus, GIS’ asserted amount
of damages is unsupported by evidence to warrant a grant of summary judgment. 56 Accordingly,
BEEOO requests that the court deny summary judgment on the breach of contract claim.57
C.
GIS’ Arguments in Further Support of the Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
In reply, GIS asserts that the Court should grant summary judgment on the breach of
contract claim because no issues of fact exist regarding BEEOO’s obligation to pay GIS for labor,
materials, and third-party costs.58 GIS alleges that BEEOO contests payment regarding the D&R
workers that it classifies as subcontractors, but GIS insists that it is only seeking payment on
undisputed amounts related to labor, materials, and third-party costs.59 GIS asserts that the amount
51
Id.
52
Id. at 10–11.
53
Id. at 11–12.
54
Id. at 12.
55
Id.
56
Id.
57
Id. at 12–13.
58
Rec. Doc. 141 at 1–2.
59
Id. at 2.
7
of $3,353,309.58 is properly before the Court because this is the amount of GIS’ claim in the
bankruptcy proceeding, and the bankruptcy court entered an order on July 30, 2018 allowing “all
parties to assert all claim and defenses to proceed through final judgment and appeal of Case 15129.”60
GIS argues that a contract clearly existed between the parties because the testimony of Cliff
Bruno, BEEOO’s trustee representative, establishes that an oral contract and course of dealing existed
between the parties.61 GIS avers that during Bruno’s deposition, he acknowledged that GIS and
BEEOO had an oral understanding that BEEOO would pay GIS for its services, and these
understandings were memorialized via email.62 GIS asserts that “when deposed, Mr. Bruno did not
dispute the GIS labor, materials, or third-party costs. Thus, those charges have been approved. Failure
to pay the undisputed amounts constitutes a breach of the agreement.”63 GIS also contends that it did
not breach its obligations under the MSA because the D&R workers were not subcontractors. 64 For
these reasons, GIS urges the Court to grant the motion for partial summary judgment.65
III. Legal Standard
Summary judgment is appropriate when the pleadings and evidence show that “there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”66
“[T]he substantive law will identify which facts are material.”67 A genuine issue of material fact
60
Id. at 3 (quoting Rec. Doc. 141-1).
61
Id. at 5.
62
Id.
63
Id. at 6.
64
Id. at 8–9.
65
Id. at 9.
66
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322–23 (1986); Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37
F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994).
67
Andersoin v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986).
8
exists “if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the non-moving
party.”68 The movant makes a showing that there is no genuine issue of material fact by “informing
the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of ‘the pleadings,
depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any,’
which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.”69 In a case in which
“the movant bears the burden of proof on an issue, either because he is the plaintiff or as a
defendant he is asserting an affirmative defense, he must establish beyond peradventure all of the
essential elements of the claim or defense to warrant judgment in his favor.”70
Once the movant makes this showing, the non-movant must then direct the court's attention
to evidence in the record sufficient to establish that there is a genuine issue of material fact for
trial.71 The nonmoving party may not rest upon the pleadings, but must identify specific facts in
the record and articulate the precise manner in which that evidence establishes a genuine issue for
trial.72 The nonmovant=s burden of demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact is not satisfied
merely by creating “some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts,” “by conclusory
allegations,” by “unsubstantiated assertions,” or “by only a scintilla of evidence.” 73 Rather, a
factual dispute precludes a grant of summary judgment only if the evidence is sufficient to permit
a reasonable trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party.
68
Id.
69
Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986).
70
Fontenot v. Upjohn Co., 780 F.2d 1190, 1194 (5th Cir. 1986) (emphasis in original).
71
Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324.
72
See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 325; Ragas v. Tenn. Gas Pipeline Co., 136 F.3d 455, 458 (5th Cir. 1998).
73
Little, 37 F.3d at 1075.
9
IV. Analysis
GIS initially filed this action against BEEOO under the Louisiana Oil Well Liens Act
(“LOWLA”).74 GIS then amended the complaint to add a breach of contract claim against
BEEOO.75 Though GIS’ second amended complaint includes claims under the LOWLA, in the
instant motion, GIS only seeks summary judgment on the breach of contract claim.76 GIS asserts
that BEEOO breached the parties’ contract by failing to pay GIS’ invoices for $3,359,309.58 in
goods and services.77 BEEOO argues that issues of fact remain on what contract GIS alleges what
was breached, whether GIS itself breached the contract, and whether the proper amount of damages
is before the Court.78 The Court will begin by analyzing whether GIS has asserted the existence of
a valid contract.
Under Louisiana law, to assert a breach of contract claim, the plaintiff must show: “(1) the
obligor undertook an obligation to perform; (2) the obligor failed to perform the obligation,
resulting in a breach; and (3) the failure to perform resulted in damages to the obligee.” 79 “[The]
party who demands performance of an obligation must prove the existence of the obligation.”80
In the motion, GIS asserts the existence of a contract based on the following allegations:
“BEEOO and GIS entered into a valid and binding contract upon BEEOO’s order and acceptance of
74
Rec. Doc. 1-1 at 4.
75
Rec. Doc. 16.
76
Rec. Doc. 125-2 at 1.
Rec. Doc. 125-2 at 1. GIS utilizes two different figures in its motion. First GIS asserts that “GIS has suffered
damages in the amount of $3,599,556.76 for its invoices BEEOO has wrongfully refused to pay.” Id. at 1. Then, GIS
states that “GIS is entitled to at minimum, a payment of $3,359,309.58 for its invoices BEEOO has failed to pay.” Id.
at 4. Though it remains unclear which figure is the actual amount that GIS is seeking, the Court will utilize the figure
of $3,359,309.58 because this is the amount that GIS alleged in its reply memorandum. Rec. Doc. 141 at 3.
77
78
Rec. Doc. 105.
79
Sanga v. Perdomo, 14-609 (La. App. 5 Cir. 12/30/14), 167 So. 3d 818, 822; see La. Civ. Code art. 1994; Favrot v.
Favrot, 10–0986 (La. App. 4 Cir. 02/09/11), 68 So.3d 1099, 1109.
80
La. Civ. Code Ann. art. 1831.
10
GIS’s Work, as evidence [sic] by the Alliance Agreement and BEEOO’s acceptance of GIS’s invoices.
BEEOO promised and expressly agreed to pay GIS for its Work, which is evident by BEEOO’s
approval of the invoices.”81 In the reply, GIS further supports its assertion by stating that “Mr. Bruno
testified that an oral contract for GIS’ services was entered into by Monte Richard on behalf of
BEEOO and Dwayne McGlothin on behalf of GIS.… Along with the oral communications, the
agreements were memorialized in writing via inter alia, e-mail.”82
Based on GIS’ assertions, it appears that GIS is contending that an oral contract existed
between the parties, and that this oral contract was memorialized through email and course of
dealing. Under Louisiana law, “[a]n oral contract for more than five hundred dollars may be proved
by the testimony of ‘one witness and other corroborating circumstances.’”83 “While the plaintiff’s
own testimony can meet the one witness requirement, the corroborating circumstances ‘must come
from a source other than the plaintiff.’”84 “The corroborating evidence need only be general in
nature; each specific detail of the alleged contract does not need to be corroborated.”85 “The trier
of fact has great latitude in what to accept as corroborating evidence.”86
GIS attaches to its motion an affidavit from GIS’ vice president, Bryan Pregeant.87 In the
affidavit, Pregeant states that GIS entered into a Master Service Agreement with Black Elk
Entergy, LLC wherein GIS would provide materials and services to Black Elk Energy, LLC.”88
81
Rec. Doc. 125-2 at 8.
82
Rec. Doc. 141 at 5 (emphasis in original).
83
Meredith v. La. Fed’n of Teachers, 209 F.3d 398, 403 (5th Cir. 2000) (quoting La. Civ. Code Ann. art. 1846).
84
Id. (quoting Diversified Marine Servs., Inc. v. Jewel Marine, Inc., 222 So.3d 1008, 1014 (La. App. Cir. 2017)).
85
Kessler v. Popich, 240 F. App'x 618, 621 (5th Cir. 2007) (citing Gulf Container Repair Servs., Inc. v. FIC Bus. &
Fin. Ctrs., Inc., 735 So.2d 41, 43 (La.Ct.App.1999)).
86
Worldwide Detective Agency, Inc. v. Cannon Cochran Mgmt. Servs., Inc., 502 F. App'x 408, 411 (5th Cir. 2012)
(citing B.M. Albrecht Elec., Inc. v. Griffin, 413 So.2d 246, 247 (La.Ct.App.1982)).
87
Rec. Doc. 125-3.
88
Id. at 1.
11
Pregeant then alleges that GIS entered into a Business Alliance Agreement with BEEOO that
“obliged GIS to treat BEEOO as a preferred customer and to provide services to BEEOO on a
preferential basis, particularly during times when labor was in short supply.”89 GIS then submits
the deposition testimony of Clifford Bruno, BEEOO’s former Vice President of Operations.90 GIS
asserts that Bruno made the following statements during the deposition:
The oral contract Monte Richard requested from Grand Isle Shipyard to provide a
crew to perform work on West Delta 32 this is the scope of work to be performed
can you provide that work and can you cover that work with the personnel as in
accordance with the business alliance agreement the master services agreement the
bridging agreement on the Grand Isle Shipyard's part of it they agreed to accept that
work. They agreed to provide the personnel and equipment and to perform the work
in accordance with the three written documents. That's what I am interpreting as an
oral contract.91
Examining GIS’ proffered evidence under the Louisiana standard for oral contracts, the
Court finds that GIS has presented sufficient evidence to prove the existence of an oral contract
between the parties. Pregeant serves as a witness to the agreement between the parties that GIS
would supply labor and services to BEEOO and BEEOO would pay GIS for those services.
BEEOO’s corporate executive, Bruno, corroborates Pregeant’s assertions by stating in his
deposition that he understood that the parties’ entered an oral contract for GIS to provide crew to
perform work on the West Delta 32. Bruno also described the process that BEEOO would use to
review GIS’ invoices and approve payment for GIS’ work.92 Further, in a declaration that BEEOO
attached to its opposition, Bruno states that GIS provided work to BEEOO from 2008 to 2014.93
89
Id. at 1–2.
90
Rec. Doc. 141-3.
91
Id. at 7.
92
Id. at 5–6.
93
Rec. Doc. 133-1 at 2.
12
Therefore, the undisputed evidence establishes that the parties had a contract for GIS to provide
services to BEEOO and for BEEOO to pay GIS for this labor in return.
The existence of an oral contract, however, is not enough to support judgment as a matter
of law on GIS’ breach of contract claim. The Fifth Circuit has made clear that when a plaintiff
such as GIS moves for summary judgment on a claim, “the movant…must establish beyond
peradventure all of the essential elements of the claim or defense to warrant judgment in [its]
favor.”94 GIS does not meet this burden here. The oral contract that is evinced by Pregeant and
Bruno’s statements merely proves that the parties had a working relationship wherein GIS would
perform services and BEEOO would pay for said services. However, both sides admit that GIS
completed multiple work projects for BEEOO over the years. GIS is attempting to collect
$3,359,309.58 in damages, an amount that is comprised of dozens of work projects which were
initiated, completed, invoiced, and reviewed separately. Thus, GIS must prove a breach of contract
with respect to each individual claim.
Viewed in this manner, GIS provides scant evidence in support of its motion that
establishes the essential elements of any of its breach of contract claims. There is no description
of each of the separate work projects, and no clear dates, project details, or invoice amounts
attached to each work project. GIS merely attaches to the motion hundreds of pages of difficultto-read documents that were filed in the bankruptcy proceeding as part of GIS’ LOWLA claims in
multiple, separate cases that are not all before this Court. Further, GIS does not provide any
evidence in its motion that BEEOO approved any of the invoices that it claims it submitted to
BEEOO. Therefore, GIS has not presented sufficient evidence to establish that BEEOO failed to
perform the obligation or the amount of resulting damages. Because GIS does not establish beyond
94
Fontenot v. Upjohn Co., 780 F.2d 1190, 1194 (5th Cir. 1986) (emphasis in original).
13
peradventure all of the essential elements of any breach of contract claim,95 summary judgment
must be denied.
V. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, GIS has not met its burden of establishing beyond peradventure
all of the essential elements of its breach of contract claim. Accordingly, GIS is not entitled to
judgment as a matter of law.
Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiff Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc.’s “Motion for Partial
Summary Judgment”96 is DENIED.
22nd
NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, this _____ day of July, 2019.
_________________________________
NANNETTE JOLIVETTE BROWN
CHIEF JUDGE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
95
Id.
96
Rec. Doc. 125.
14
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