Firefighters' Retirement System et al v. Citco Group Limited et al

Filing 426

RULING AND ORDER granting in part and denying in part 412 Motion to Compel. Signed by Magistrate Judge Erin Wilder-Doomes on 7/26/2017. (LLH)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
MIDDLE DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
FIREFIGHTERS’ RETIREMENT
SYSTEM, ET AL.
CIVIL ACTION
VERSUS
13-373-SDD-EWD
CITCO GROUP LIMITED, ET AL.
RULING AND ORDER ON MOTION TO COMPEL
Before the court is a Motion to Compel1 filed by plaintiffs, Firefighters’ Retirement System
(“FRS”), Municipal Employees’ Retirement System of Louisiana (“MERS”), and New Orleans
Firefighters’ Pension & Relief Fund (“NOFF”) (collectively, “Plaintiffs”). Defendants, Citco
Technology Management, Inc. (“CTM”), Citco Banking Corporation N.V. (“Citco Banking”),
Citco Fund Services (Cayman Islands) Limited (“CFS Cayman”), and The Citco Group Limited
(“Citco Group”) (collectively, the “Citco Defendants”) have filed an Opposition.2 The parties
discussed the Motion to Compel during the July 25, 2017 in court status conference. This Ruling
and Order is intended to memorialize the oral rulings made during the status conference. For the
reasons set forth during the July 25, 2017 conference, as well as those set forth herein, Plaintiffs’
Motion to Compel is GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.
I.

Background
On March 1, 2013, Plaintiffs filed suit against 23 defendants, including the Citco

Defendants, asserting claims under the Louisiana Securities Act and Louisiana Unfair Trade
Practices Act, as well as third party beneficiary, unjust enrichment, breach of contract, negligent
misrepresentation, and general tort claims.3 Plaintiffs’ claims arise from a $100 million investment

1

R. Doc. 412.

2

R. Doc. 417.

3

R. Doc. 1-3.

1

loss. In April of 2008, the Louisiana Funds purchased 100,000 Series N Shares offered and issued
by FIA Leveraged Fund (“Leveraged”) for $100 million.4 After a series of investment transactions
initiated by Leveraged, in March of 2011, Plaintiffs sought to redeem their Series N shares.5
Ultimately, the shares went unredeemed and the Plaintiffs determined that the investment was
illiquid and, thus, the N shares, for which there was no market, were valueless.6
On September 30, 2016, the District Judge ruled on various motions to dismiss. Following
those rulings, the following claims remain against CFS Cayman: (1) seller liability under La. R.S.
51:712(A)(2) based on Plaintiffs’ allegation that CFS Cayman was a “substantial factor” in the
sale of the Series N shares;7 (2) control person liability based on Plaintiffs’ allegation that CFS
Cayman was designated in the offering documents to provide information to prospective investors
about the offering;8 (3) a third party beneficiary claim;9 (4) negligent misrepresentation based on
Plaintiffs’ allegation that CFS Cayman was the designated Administrator of Leveraged and that,
as such, CFS Cayman would perform various functions including “computing the NET Asset

4

R. Doc. 1-3, ¶ 34.

5

R. Doc. 1-3, ¶ 41.

6

R. Doc. 1-3, ¶¶ 34-45 & 18.

7

R. Doc. 327, pp. 5-11. La. R.S. § 51:712(A)(2) provides that it is unlawful for any person
To offer to sell or to sell a security by means of any oral or written untrue
statement of a material fact or any omission to state a material fact necessary in
order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which
they are made, not misleading, the buyer not knowing of the untruth or omission,
if such person in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known of the
untruth or omission.

8

R. Doc. 327, p. 7.

9

R. Doc. 327, p. 9. Plaintiffs contend they were third party beneficiaries of the administrative services agreement
between CFS Cayman and Leveraged and that CFS Cayman failed to properly calculate the net asset value of
Plaintiffs’ investment and failed to inform Plaintiffs of material information at the time of the Series N offering and
during the time of Plaintiffs’ investment.

2

Value of the Fund’s Shares;”10 and (5) a holder claim.11 As to CTM, Citco Banking, and Citco
Group, the following claims remain: (1) seller liability based on allegations that defendants are
liable as sellers due to their extensive relationship with operations of Leveraged; 12 (2) control
person liability based on allegations that Citco Defendants delivered the offering memorandum to
Plaintiffs in Louisiana, that the offering documents represented the terms negotiated by the Citco
Defendants, and that the Citco Defendants played a critical role in providing information necessary
for Plaintiffs to make the investment;13 (3) negligent misrepresentation based on allegations that
Plaintiffs based their investment on Citco Defendants’ representations;14 and (4) a holder claim15
Relevant to the instant Motion to Compel, Plaintiffs assert that Citco and Fletcher
structured a May 26, 2006 transaction wherein the Royal Bank of Scotland (“RBS”) loaned Global
Hawk $91,250,000 to purchase Corsair Notes, and that Series 4, 5, and 6 shares of Leveraged were
pledged to secure the Corsair Notes.16 Plaintiffs further assert that “[w]hile Citco was closing the

10

R. Doc. 327, p. 10.

11

R. Doc. 327, p. 10.

12

R. Doc. 325, p. 29.

13

R. Doc. 325, p. 31. La. R.S. § 51:714(B) provides:
Every person who directly or indirectly controls a person liable under Subsection
A of this Section, every general partner, executive officer, or director of such
person liable under Subsection A of this Section, every person occupying a similar
status or performing similar functions, and every dealer or salesman who
participates in any material way in the sale is liable jointly and severally with and
to the same extent as the person liable under Subsection A of this Section unless
the person whose liability arises under this Subsection sustains the burden of proof
that he did not know and in the exercise of reasonable care could not have known
of the existence of the facts by reason of which liability is alleged to exist. There
is contribution as in the case of contract among several persons so liable.

Subsection A provides for civil liability for any person who violates La. R.S. § 51:712(A). “Control” is defined as
“the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a
person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise.” La. R.S. § 51:702(4).
14

R. Doc. 325, p. 34.

15

R. Doc. 325, p. 35.

16

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 4.

3

Richcourt transaction in 2006, its internal audit team apparently identified numerous high risk
factors associated with the Fletcher funds being serviced by CFS Cayman.”17 Specifically,
Plaintiffs assert that an audit dated July 15, 2007 notes a “final report of Fletcher had been issued
in January, 2007” reflecting that the securities were valued based on aggressive assumptions and
that the private placement memoranda did not adequately describe the risks.18
Plaintiffs assert that the Richcourt Funds guaranteed RBS’s loan to Global Hawk19 and that
Global Hawk used the proceeds from this loan to purchase the Corsair Notes from a Citco affiliate,
Amathea.20 On June 24, 2009, RBS “declared a default…based on its failure to receive from Citco
certain financial information about the Richcourt Funds required by the RBS-Richcourt CDS,”21
and notified Global Hawk and Citco that it desired to terminate the lending relationship and that
“[t]here was a shortfall in the RBS collateral which required the payment of proceeds of
approximately $9.1 million for the sale of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares.”22
Plaintiffs argue that they purchased Series N shares on April 1, 2008 based on “the express
representations that [the Series N shares] ranked senior in payment of dividends and repayment to
the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares held by Corsair.”23 Plaintiff contend that at the time they closed on
the Series N shares, Citco owned Richcourt funds.24 Plaintiffs further assert that Citco secured
written consents from the owners of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares to allow issuance of the preferred

17

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 7.

18

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 8.

19

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 5.

20

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 4.

21

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 5.

22

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 5.

23

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 3. Plaintiffs argue that Leveraged had a $20 million outstanding loan to Citco Bank that was in
default and that the loan was repaid using offering proceeds secured from the Louisiana Funds’ purchase of the Series
N shares. R. Doc. 412-2, p. 4.
24

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 5.

4

shares to the Louisiana Funds prior to the Louisiana Funds’ closing and then conspired with
Fletcher “in March and April 2010 to circumvent the terms of the offering…and force Fletcher to
redeem the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares” on August 23, 2010 (i.e., without first redeeming Plaintiffs’
preferred Series N shares).25 Plaintiffs argue that both Citco and Fletcher then “attempted to cover
their tracks” and that “Citco Trust,26 as sole director of Global Hawk, consented to the transaction
as of September 10, 2010.”27 Plaintiffs assert that “Citco knowingly transferred the proceeds to
RBS, payment to Richcourt, fees to Fletcher and fees to Citco in derogation to the superior rights
of the Louisiana Funds, as holders of the preferred Series N Shares even though it secured the
approval of these same individuals to allow the issuance of the Series N shares in March of 2008.”28
Plaintiffs seek to compel documents responsive to particular Requests for Production based
on different date ranges. Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel is presented based on three “groups” of
documents: (1) Group One with a date range of January 1, 2007 through September 1, 2010; (2)
Group Two with a date range of January 1, 2006 or May 1, 2006 through September 1, 2010; and
(3) Group Three with a date range of October 1, 2007 through March 31, 2011. The Citco
Defendants have previously produced documents within the date range of October 1, 2007 through
June 30, 2010.

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 3. See also, R. Doc. 412-2, p. 5 (“By resolution dated April 1, 2010, Leveraged voted to redeem
the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares to fund the RBS loan deficiency.”).
25

26

Citco Trust is not a party to these proceedings.

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 4. See also, R. Doc. 412-2, pp. 5-6 (“Citco insisted that the remaining $9.1 million come out of
Leveraged to repay RBS. The $9.1 million was obtained from Leveraged by the Richcourt Funds’ redeeming the
Series 4, 5, and 6 shares. This amount was finally paid on August 23, 2010 after months of negotiation between Citco
and Fletcher. Ermanno Unternaehrer executed the August 23, 2010 settlement, which was the date the Funds were
finally paid. Citco Trust (“CTC Corporation”) was also the sole director of Global Hawk and responsible for the
closing of the transaction and paying the money to RBS. As the sole director of Global Hawk, Citco continued to be
involved in the Global Hawk wind down when it approved the transfer of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares in exchange for
shares in Arbitrage on September 8, 2010.”).
27

28

Motion to Compel (13-373), R. Doc. 412-2, p. 7.

5

In opposition to the Motion to Compel, Citco asserts that the expanded date range proposed
by Plaintiffs encompasses documents that are in no way relevant to Plaintiffs’ claims or
proportional to the needs of the case.29 Specifically, the Citco Defendants assert that “the viability
of Plaintiffs’ claims rests on what Citco told or did not tell Plaintiffs either (i) at the time they
invested in Leveraged in April 2008 or (ii) while Plaintiffs were invested in Leveraged up until the
time Citco resigned as Leveraged’s administrator in March 2010. 30 To say it another way,
documents generated either (i) long before Plaintiffs invested or (ii) after Citco’s involvement with
Leveraged had ended cannot possibly be relevant to the actual claims Plaintiffs have asserted or
the elements necessary to prove them.”31
II.

Law and Analysis
a. Legal Standards
“Unless otherwise limited by court order, the scope of discovery is as follows: Parties may

obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense
and proportional to the needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the
action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’
resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or
expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this scope of
discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be discoverable.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1).
A determination of relevancy is tied to applicable substantive law and then weighed against
the six proportionality factors. Any information sought that is not relevant to a party’s claim or

29

R. Doc. 417, p. 2.

At the July 25, 2017 conference, Citco’s counsel acknowledged that Citco continued to perform some “transitional
functions” with Leveraged until June 15, 2010.
30

31

R. Doc. 417, p. 3.

6

defense is not discoverable, regardless of proportionality. The court must additionally limit the
frequency or extent of discovery if it determines that: “(i) the discovery sought is unreasonably
cumulative or duplicative, or can be obtained from some other source that is more convenient, less
burdensome, or less expensive; (ii) the party seeking discovery has had ample opportunity to obtain
the information by discovery in the action; or (iii) the proposed discovery is outside the scope
permitted by Rule 26(b)(1).” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2)(C).
b. Group One Documents
The “Group One” requests generally seek documents related to the financial condition
and/or valuation of Leveraged, terms for the Series N shares, redemption rights (for both Series N
and non-Series N shares), and agreements/communications between Citco and various
entities/individuals (Fletcher, Corsair, Global Hawk, Leveraged, Arbitrage, FILB, Richcourt, Joe
Meals, CSG). During the July 25, 2017 status conference, counsel for Plaintiffs confirmed that
documents in Group One generally relate to the financial health of Leveraged.
i. January 1, 2007 Start Date
Plaintiffs argue that Citco should produce documents responsive to certain Requests for
Production falling within Group One starting with those dated January 1, 2007 because “Citco’s
knowledge of the financial condition of Leveraged and the duty it had not to omit the disclosure
of relevant information is highly relevant to the liability of Citco based upon the role Citco played
as administrator, securing the consents of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares, as well as being the recipient
of $50 million of the proceeds from the offering.”32 In response, the Citco Defendants argue that
the supposed omissions and misrepresentations supporting Plaintiffs’ securities act claims are
those which were made “at the time of the offering;” therefore, “the only relevant time period for

32

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 12.

7

determining whether Citco violated Section 712 is at the time the Series N Shares were devised
and structured, and then sold to Plaintiffs.”33 With respect to the third party beneficiary claim,
Citco argues that “[n]o information before 2008 could conceivably be relevant to this claim
because Plaintiffs were not, and necessarily could not have been, third-party beneficiaries of that
agreement before they invested in Leveraged in April 2008 or after CFS Cayman resigned as
Leveraged administrator in March 2010.”34 With respect to Plaintiffs’ negligent misrepresentation
claim, the Citco Defendants argue that Plaintiffs must prove a legal duty on the part of Citco to
provide correct information, and that because the existence of a sufficiently close relationship such
as that of fiduciary or created by contract “is a necessary element of a negligent misrepresentation
claim, documents generated many months or even years before Plaintiffs invested in Leveraged
cannot possibly be relevant because Plaintiffs were not in a fiduciary or contractual relationship
with Citco before they invested.”35 Finally, with respect to Plaintiffs’ holder claim, Citco argues
that such a claim “necessarily rests on alleged omissions that could have been made only after
Plaintiffs invested in Leveraged.”36
During the July 25, 2017 status conference, counsel for the Citco Defendants argued that
the Plaintiffs’ investment was made in April 2008 and that Citco produced documents six months
prior to that date. Counsel for the Citco Defendants argued that this six month timeframe provided
Plaintiffs with a good understanding of what Citco knew at the time of Plaintiffs’ investment and
that requiring production of additional documents would result in “an avalanche of responsive

33

R. Doc. 417, pp. 4-5.

R. Doc. 417, p. 5. See also, R. Doc. 1-3, ¶ 154 (“The Citco Defendants breached their respective duties to the
Plaintiffs, as a third party beneficiary of the Administration Contract, at the time of the offering to Plaintiffs and at all
times between the date of the offering in March of 2008 until the resignation of the Citco Defendants as
Administrator….”).
34

35

R. Doc. 417, p. 6.

36

R. Doc. 417, p. 7.

8

documents” not proportional to the needs of the case. 37 In support of compelling an earlier time
frame, Plaintiffs’ counsel asserted that there was no legal basis for limiting the time period of
Citco’s knowledge.
The undersigned agrees that a time frame of six months prior to Plaintiffs’ investment is
somewhat arbitrary, and that there may be relevant documents within the date range of January 1,
2007 through October 1, 2007. In particular, Plaintiffs’ assertion that a July 15, 2007 audit notes
a “final report of Fletcher had been issued in January, 2007” reflecting that the securities were
valued based on aggressive assumptions and that the private placement memoranda did not
adequately describe the risks38 supports Plaintiffs’ position that relevant documents may exist
within this earlier date range. However, Citco’s arguments regarding the proportionality of such
an expanded date range are also persuasive. During the July 25, 2017 conference, counsel for the
Citco Defendants asserted that uniformly expanding the date range for Group One documents to
include January 1, 2007 through October 1, 2007 for all custodians and all search terms could
result in months of additional work. In light of these proportionality concerns, the undersigned
GRANTED IN PART Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production of Group One documents for the
date range of January 1, 2007 through October 1, 2007. Specifically, the Citco Defendants are
ORDERED to produce the July 15, 2007 audit and any documents related to the July 15, 2007
audit. Following Plaintiffs’ review of this limited set of Group One documents, Plaintiffs may
seek additional Group One documents within the date range of January 1, 2007 through October
1, 2007 upon a detailed showing of the specific necessity for additional discovery on this issue.

Citco asserts that “all that matters is what Citco knew – and allegedly failed to disclose – at the time of the
investment.” R. Doc. 417, p. 8.
37

38

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 8.

9

ii. September 1, 2010 End Date
Plaintiffs further argue that production of other documents responsive to certain Requests
for Production falling within Group One should be produced through an end date of September 1,
2010 based on their assertion that the Citco Defendants remained involved in the disbursement of
the redemption of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares. During the July 25, 2017 conference, counsel for
the Citco Defendants explained that CFS Cayman resigned as administrator in March 2010 but
continued to provide “transitional” services through June 15, 2010. Counsel for Citco further
explained that none of the Citco Defendants named in this case were involved in the unwinding of
Global Hawk and Corsair.39 Counsel for Plaintiffs argued that when Plaintiffs’ purchased the
Series N shares, they understood that such shares ranked senior to the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares,
and that emails produced indicate that the same individuals with Citco who were involved in
obtaining approval for Plaintiffs’ purchase of senior ranking shares were also involved in the
redemption of non-Series N shares.
Although the fact of the redemption of the non-Series N shares could be relevant to
Plaintiffs’ claims, based on the information presented, Plaintiffs have not established that
additional information should be compelled particularly where no showing was made that any of
the Citco Defendants were actually involved in the redemption of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares or
the unwinding of Corsair or Global Hawk. Accordingly, Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production
of Group One documents with the date range of June 16, 2010 through September 1, 2010 is
DENIED.

Citco asserts that the only Citco entities involved in the Corsair/Global Hawk transaction “were CTC Corporation
Ltd., Citco Trustees (Cayman) Ltd., and CFS Amsterdam, none of which is a party to this action” and that “none of
the Citco entities that are before this Court had anything to do with the unwinding.” R. Doc. 417, p. 9.
39

10

c. Group Two Documents
Plaintiffs contend that “Group Two Documents are a narrow group of transaction
documents.”40 First, Plaintiffs seek to compel production of Global Hawk closing documents and
fee sharing agreements executed between Citco and Fletcher for the time frame of May 1, 2006
through September 1, 2010. Second, Plaintiffs seek to compel production of documents related to
the initial funding of “the Citco Bank Loan to Leveraged and the relationship that it had to Global
Hawk.”41 Plaintiffs assert that they seek the initial loan closing documents and they “desire to
know whether the loan was made in consideration of the payment of 50% of the Fletcher Fees
earned from the Corsair Transaction. After the loan was funded, Plaintiffs desire to know Citco’s
evaluation of the collateral and when it determined that the collectability of the loan was in
question. All this likely occurred between January 1, 2006 and the date of the repayment of the
loan.”42
During the July 25, 2017 conference, Plaintiffs’ counsel explained that Plaintiffs seek to
compel Group Two documents in order to examine the relationship between Fletcher and Citco.
Counsel for the Citco Defendants asserted that Citco loan documents had previously been
produced, as well as the fee sharing agreement at issue.43 Plaintiffs’ counsel argued that while
Plaintiffs did have the fee agreement, they did not have any documents explaining why that
agreement was entered into, and that the Group Two documents may be relevant to showing
Citco’s motive and willful conduct. Citco’s counsel asserted that Citco’s motive would not be

40

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 16.

41

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 18.

42

R. Doc. 412-2, p. p. 18-19.

See also, R. Doc. 417, p. 9 (“Citco has – even though the Corsair/Global Hawk transaction is irrelevant to Plaintiffs’
claims – already produced documents from October 2007 through June 2010 relating to the transaction, including the
notice of compulsory redemption of the Series 4, 5, and 6 shares in March 2010. Plaintiffs thus have more documents
on this issue that they are entitled to in light of their claims.”).
43

11

relevant to a Louisiana Securities Act claim. Based on the briefing as well as the arguments of
counsel, Plaintiffs have not established the relevance of the additional Group Two documents they
now seek to compel. Accordingly, Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production of additional Group
Two documents is DENIED.
d. Group Three Documents
This group of documents purportedly relates “to any documents in Citco’s possession that
relate to the resignation of Grant Thornton as auditor or the restatement of the financial statements
for the years ending December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008 and the Restated Financial
Statements issued on January 22, 2011.”44 For this group of documents, Plaintiffs have no
objection to a commencement date of October 1, 2007 but contend that the end date for such
production should span through March 31, 2011. Grant Thornton resigned on March 25, 2010,
and issued restated audits on January 20, 2011. Plaintiffs contend that even though Citco had
“resigned from being administrator as of the date of the restatement, the subject of the restatement
related to the functions performed by Citco during this time period and any communications with
Citco by Grant Thornton or Citco’s view of the accounting errors on statements that it generated
are highly relevant.”45
Citco does not specifically address the timeframe for production of Grant Thornton related
documents in opposition to the Motion to Compel; however, as set forth above, Citco asserts that
it had no involvement or duties to Plaintiffs after March, 2010 when it resigned as administrator
of Leveraged. During the July 25, 2017 conference, counsel for the Citco Defendants suggested
that the parties work together to determine a limited number of custodians with respect to which

44

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 19.

45

R. Doc. 412-2, p. 19.

12

the term “Grant Thornton” would be searched. The undersigned noted that although Plaintiffs’
Motion to Compel sought to extend the date range for such documents through March 31, 2011, it
appeared that the date range should only extend through January 20, 2011 based on the date the
restated audits were issued. Counsel for Plaintiffs agreed that counsel could confer to attempt to
reach an agreement on this issue. Based on the parties’ agreement, Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel
Group Three documents is DENIED AS MOOT.
IV.

Conclusion
For the reasons set forth herein, as well as those discussed during the July 25, 2017 status

conference, the Motion to Compel46 filed by plaintiffs, Firefighters’ Retirement System (“FRS”),
Municipal Employees’ Retirement System of Louisiana (“MERS”), and New Orleans Firefighters’
Pension & Relief Fund (“NOFF”) (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) is GRANTED IN PART AND
DENIED IN PART.
Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production of Group One documents for the date range of
January 1, 2007 through October 1, 2007 is GRANTED IN PART.

Defendants, Citco

Technology Management, Inc. (“CTM”), Citco Banking Corporation N.V. (“Citco Banking”),
Citco Fund Services (Cayman Islands) Limited (“CFS Cayman”), and The Citco Group Limited
(“Citco Group”) (collectively, the “Citco Defendants”) are ORDERED to produce the July 15,
2007 audit and any documents related to the July 15, 2007 audit. Following Plaintiffs’ review of
this limited set of Group One documents, Plaintiffs may seek additional Group One documents
within the date range of January 1, 2007 through October 1, 2007 upon a detailed showing of the
specific necessity for additional discovery on this issue.

46

R. Doc. 412.

13

Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production of Group One documents with the date range of
June 16, 2010 through September 1, 2010 is DENIED.
Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel production of additional Group Two documents is DENIED.
Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Group Three documents is DENIED AS MOOT.
Signed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on July 26, 2017.

S
ERIN WILDER-DOOMES
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

14