Cormier et al vs. Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government et al
Filing
99
MEMORANDUM RULING re 75 MOTION for Partial Summary Judgment filed by Shane M Mouton, Gary J Haynes, Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government. The motion is granted in part and denied in part. Claims against the defendants Shane M. Mouton and Gary J. Haynes are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. Signed by Magistrate Judge Patrick J Hanna on 10/28/2011. (crt,Davenport, M)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA
LAFAYETTE DIVISION
JOSEPH BOWMAN CORMIER, ET AL.
CIVIL ACTION NO. 6:09-cv-0703
VERSUS
MAGISTRATE JUDGE HANNA
LAFAYETTE CITY PARISH
CONSOLIDATED GOVERNMENT,
ET AL.
BY CONSENT OF THE PARTIES
MEMORANDUM RULING
Currently pending is the motion for partial summary judgment filed by the
Lafayette City-Parish Consolidated Government (“the City”), Gary J. Haynes, and
Shane M. Mouton based upon absolute prosecutorial immunity. (Rec. Doc. 75). The
motion is opposed with regard to the claims against Mr. Haynes and the City, but is
not opposed with regard to the claims against Mr. Mouton. Oral argument was held
on October 26, 2011. For the following reasons, the motion is GRANTED IN PART
and DENIED IN PART.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
On April 29, 2008, Lafayette city police officers Heather Martin, Chase Guidry,
and Dewitt Sheridan investigated an incident at a vacant lot at the corner of South
Pierce and West Simcoe Streets in Lafayette, Louisiana. Plaintiff Joseph Bowman
Cormier, who has an ownership interest in the lot, was attempting to remove vagrants
from the property. Witnesses alleged that Mr. Cormier brandished a firearm, and the
officers observed Mr. Cormier cursing in a loud voice. Greg Greer, who was
involved in the incident but was not at the scene when the officers arrived, later called
911 claiming that Mr. Cormier struck him during the incident. Based on Mr. Greer’s
complaint, a misdemeanor summons for simple battery was issued to Mr. Cormier
later that day.1
In July 2008, local television news anchor Chuck Huebner allegedly broadcast
the misdemeanor summons that was issued to Mr. Cormier as well as Cpl. Martin’s
written statement concerning the April 2008 incident. During the course of this
litigation, defendant Earl “Nickey” Picard admitted having given Cpl. Martin’s
statement to a deputy city marshal with instructions to deliver it to Mr. Huebner.2 Mr.
Cormier ran unsuccessfully against Mr. Picard for the city marshal post in the fall
2008 election.
On July 22, 2008, city prosecutor Haynes added an additional charge by bill of
information, charging Mr. Cormier with aggravated assault in connection with the
1
Rec. Doc. 75-5 at 20.
2
Rec. Doc. 59-3 at 23.
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April 2008 incident.3
On October 15, 2008, Mr. Haynes recused himself as
prosecuting attorney at a hearing on a motion for recusal filed by Mr. Cormier’s
criminal defense attorney. Mr. Mouton was then retained as assistant city prosecutor
for the case. When the matter was called for trial on November 12, 2008, the battery
and aggravated assault charges were dropped because Mr. Greer and a witness,
Melanie Green, failed to appear for trial. That same day, Mr. Cormier was charged
with disturbing the peace and disorderly conduct in connection with the April 2008
incident.4 In April 2009, Mr. Cormier was convicted on those charges in Lafayette
City Court, and the conviction is now final.
In this lawsuit, Mr. Cormier asserted claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and
Louisiana state law.5 He alleges that, in connection with the April 2008 incident and
the news broadcast, his constitutionally-protected rights were violated by the City’s
prosecutors, Mr. Haynes and Mr. Mouton, and others. He seeks to recover damages
he allegedly sustained as a result of his having been falsely arrested, falsely
prosecuted, and defamed.
3
Rec. Doc. 75-5 at 31.
4
Rec. Doc. 75-5 at 32.
5
The defendants contend that the plaintiffs’ state law claims were waived after the
plaintiffs’ submission of their outline of claims (Rec. Doc. 58) pursuant to the District Court’s Order.
(Rec. Doc. 55) This Court disagrees based on the description of claims and the citation to La. Civ.
C. Art. 2315 in Article IV of plaintiff’s outline.
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Mr. Cormier has withdrawn his claims relating to his conviction on the
disturbing the peace charge, and it has been established that defendant Nickey Picard
leaked the information to the media. No evidence has been presented supporting the
plaintiffs’ contention that the city prosecutors had a role in the leak of information to
the media other than the mere fact that charges were brought against Mr. Cormier.
Therefore, the remaining claims against the city prosecutors are for defamation, false
arrest, malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, and intentional infliction of
emotional distress with regard to the assault and battery charges. The City, Mr.
Haynes, and Mr. Mouton now argue that it was improper for Mr. Cormier to sue the
prosecutors, contending that they are protected by absolute prosecutorial immunity.
The plaintiffs do not oppose the motion with regard to the claims against Mr.
Mouton. “[P]laintiff concedes that Shane Mouton did not have any apparent
involvement in the false arrest and malicious prosecution regarding the aggravated
assault and battery claims.” (Rec. Doc. 85 at 3). At oral argument, counsel for the
plaintiffs confirmed that the plaintiffs do not oppose the motion with regard to the
claims against Mr. Mouton. The court therefore finds that the plaintiff does not
oppose the pending motion (Rec. Doc. 75) to the extent that it seeks dismissal of the
plaintiff’s claims against Mr. Mouton.
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The plaintiff argues, without any supporting evidence, that Mr. Haynes
knowingly brought false charges against Mr. Cormier (Rec. Doc. 85 at 6), and by
doing so, assisted defendant Nickey Picard in causing “the false allegations to be
leaked” to the press in order to foster Mr. Picard’s reelection campaign. (Rec. Doc.
85 at 6). The plaintiffs further argue that Mr. Haynes’s charging the plaintiff with
battery and aggravated assault was not part of Mr. Haynes’s prosecutorial duties but
advocating on behalf of the political incumbent, Mr. Picard.
ANALYSIS
A.
SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD
Under Rule 56(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment
is appropriate when there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the moving
party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. A fact is material if proof of its
existence or nonexistence might affect the outcome of the lawsuit.6 A genuine issue
of material fact exists if a reasonable jury could render a verdict for the nonmoving
party.7
6
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); Minter v. Great American
Insurance Co. of New York, 423 F.3d 460, 465 (5th Cir. 2005).
7
Brumfield v. Hollins, 551 F.3d 322, 326 (5th Cir. 2008), citing Anderson v. Liberty
Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 252.
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The party seeking summary judgment has the initial responsibility of informing
the court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those parts of the record that it
believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.8 If the moving
party carries its initial burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to
demonstrate the existence of a genuine issue of a material fact.9 All facts and
inferences are construed in the light most favorable to the nonmovant.10
If the dispositive issue is one on which the nonmoving party will bear the
burden of proof at trial, the moving party may satisfy its burden by pointing out that
there is insufficient proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party's
claim.11 The motion should be granted if the non-moving party cannot produce
evidence to support an essential element of its claim.12
8
Washburn v. Harvey, 504 F.3d 505, 508 (5th Cir. 2007), citing Celotex Corp. v.
Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986).
9
Id.
10
Brumfield v. Hollins, 551 F.3d 322, 326 (5th Cir. 2008), citing Matsushita Elec. Indus.
Co. v. Zenith Radio, 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).
11
Norwegian Bulk Transport A/S v. International Marine Terminals Partnership, 520
F.3d 409, 412 (5th Cir. 2008), citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. at 325.
12
Condrey v. Suntrust Bank of Ga., 431 F.3d 191, 197 (5th Cir. 2005).
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B.
HAYNES IS PROTECTED BY ABSOLUTE PROSECUTORIAL IMMUNITY
City prosecutor Gary J. Haynes13 was sued in both his individual capacity and
in his official capacity. In his individual capacity, he is protected by absolute
prosecutorial immunity for all of the claims asserted against him by the plaintiffs in
this lawsuit. The City has no liability for the § 1983 claims against the prosecutors,
but it may be vicariously liable for the state-law claims asserted against the
prosecutors.
A.
NEITHER THE PROSECUTORS NOR THE CITY ARE LIABLE UNDER § 1983
Prosecutors are absolutely immune from § 1983 suits in their individual
capacities for actions that are within the scope of their prosecutorial duties.14
Although absolute immunity does not extend to a prosecutor’s administrative or
investigatory functions,15 the traditional functions of a prosecutor are to decide which
13
The analysis set forth in this section would apply equally to the claims asserted
against Mr. Haynes and Mr. Mouton. Since the plaintiff does not oppose the motion with regard to
the claims asserted against Mr. Mouton, however, only Mr. Haynes will be mentioned in this section.
14
Quinn v. Roach, 326 Fed. App’x 280, 292 (5th Cir. 2009), citing Brooks v. George
County, Miss., 84 F.3d 157, 168 (5th Cir. 1996) and Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 430-31
(1976).
15
Rykers v. Alford, 832 F.2d 895, 897 (5th Cir. 1987).
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suits to bring and to conduct them in court.16 Therefore, the decision to file or not file
criminal charges is protected by prosecutorial immunity.17 A prosecutor is entitled
to absolute immunity when he acts in that capacity even if he acts maliciously,
wantonly, or negligently.18 This rule applies to city prosecutors like Mr. Haynes.19
In this case, the plaintiffs are suing Mr. Haynes for prosecuting Mr. Cormier
on charges of simple battery and aggravated assault arising out of the April 2008
incident. The alleged wrongful acts concern Mr. Haynes’s decision of when and
whether to file those criminal charges. The court finds that such decisions clearly fall
within the scope of a city prosecutor’s traditional prosecutorial duties and that there
are no genuine issues of material fact concerning Mr. Haynes’s liability to the
plaintiffs. Accordingly, the plaintiffs’ § 1983 claims against Mr. Haynes, in his
individual capacity, are barred by absolute immunity.
16
Burge v. Parish of St. Tammany, 187 F.3d 452, 478 (5th Cir. 1999); Hart v. O'Brien,
127 F.3d 424, 440 (5th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1103 (1999).
17
Quinn v. Roach, 326 Fed. App’x at 292; Hoffart v. Herman, 328 Fed. App’x 972, 973
(5 Cir. 2009); Workman v. Calogero, 174 Fed. App’x 824, 826 (5th Cir. 2006); Oliver v. Collins,
904 F.2d 278, 281 (5th Cir. 1990).
th
18
Rykers v. Alford, 832 F.2d at 897, citing Morrison v. City of Baton Rouge, 761 F.2d
242, 248 (5th Cir. 1985).
19
See, e.g., Thompson v. City of Monroe, No. 3:10-cv-0710, 2010 WL 3896419, at *5
(W.D. La. Aug. 30, 2010); Florance v. Buchmeyer, 500 F.Supp.2d 618, 639 (N.D. Tex. 2007).
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A suit against a governmental official in his or her official capacity is really a
suit against the office or the government.20 Official capacity suits generally represent
another way of pleading an action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.21
Therefore, the plaintiffs’ claims against Mr. Haynes in his official capacity are
actually claims against the City. Municipal entities and local governing bodies do not
enjoy immunity from suit, either absolute or qualified, under § 1983.22 Under § 1983,
however, a municipality cannot be held vicariously liable for the conduct of its
employees, such as city prosecutor Haynes.23 Municipal liability under § 1983
requires “a policymaker; an official policy; and a violation of constitutional rights
whose moving force is the policy or custom”24 or, in other words, action by the
government itself. Therefore, in order to hold the City liable for the acts of its
employee Mr. Haynes, the plaintiffs would have to show that he was a policymaker
for the City.
20
See, e.g., Goodman v. Harris County, 571 F.3d 388, 395 (5th Cir. 2009), citing Monell
v. Dept. of Soc. Serv.'s of City of New York, 436 U.S. 658, 690 n. 55 (1978).
21
Monell v. New York, 436 U.S. at 691 n. 55.
22
Burge v. Parish of St. Tammany, 187 F.3d at 466, citing Leatherman v. Tarrant
County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 166 (1993).
23
Piotrowski v. City of Houston, 237 F.3d 567, 578 (5th Cir. 2001); Bd. Of Comm'rs of
Bryan County v. Brown, 520 U.S. 397, 403 (1997).
24
Piotrowski v. Houston, 237 F.3d at 578, quoting Monell v. New York, 436 U.S. at 694.
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The plaintiffs do not argue that Mr. Haynes was responsible for any municipal
policy, and no evidence has been presented in support of such a proposition.
Therefore, the court finds that there is no basis for holding the City liable for any
actions of Mr. Haynes that might have violated § 1983.25
Accordingly, the motion for summary judgment will be granted with regard to
the § 1983 claims asserted against Mr. Mouton because the motion is unopposed with
regard to those claims. Additionally, the motion for summary judgment will be
granted with regard to the § 1983 claims asserted against Mr. Haynes, in both his
individual and official capacities, and against the City as the employer of Mr. Haynes.
B.
HAYNES – BUT NOT THE CITY – IS ABSOLUTELY IMMUNE FROM THE STATE
LAW CLAIMS.
The Fifth Circuit has held that there is no freestanding constitutional right to
be free from malicious prosecution and that § 1983 malicious prosecution claims
must be based on a specific constitutional violation rather than on a violation of state
law.26 However, Louisiana state law recognizes a malicious prosecution cause of
action. Under Louisiana law, the elements of a malicious prosecution claim are: (1)
25
See Thompson v. City of Monroe, 2010 WL 3896419, at *3-4.
26
Castellano v. Fragozo, 352 F.3d 939, 945 (5th Cir. 2003).
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the commencement or continuance of an original criminal proceeding; (2) its legal
causation by the present defendant against plaintiff who was defendant in the original
proceeding; (3) its bona fide termination in favor of the present plaintiff; (4) the
absence of probable cause for such proceeding; (5) the presence of malice therein;
and (6) damages to the plaintiff.27 The plaintiffs have also asserted defamation and
false arrest claims against Mr. Haynes. However, there is no evidence that Mr.
Haynes had any role in the arrest or alleged defamation other than deciding whether
to charge Mr. Cormier with a crime. Therefore, his actions that the plaintiffs
complain of are traditional prosecutorial duties. As a prosecutor, he is absolutely
immune from those claims.28
To the extent that Mr. Cormier has asserted claims arising out of Louisiana
state law against Mr. Haynes, the claims are barred by absolute immunity. However,
municipalities are not afforded the same immunity.29 Therefore, if the plaintiffs satisfy
27
Whittington v. Maxwell, No. 08-1418, 2011 WL 1304468, at *6 (W.D. La. Mar. 31,
2011); Piazza v. Mayne, 217 F.3d 239, 245 (5th Cir. 2000); Miller v. East Baton Rouge Parish
Sheriff's Dep't., 511 So.2d 446, 452 (La. 1987).
28
Knapper v. Connick, 96-C-0434 (La. 10/15/96), 681 So.2d 944, 951.
29
Gibson v. State, 1999-1730 (La. 04/11/2000), 758 So.2d 782, 792, Calogero
concurring, cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1052 (2000)
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their burden of showing that their alleged damages were a consequence of the
prosecutor’s conduct, the City might be held liable.30
Under Louisiana Civil Code Article 2320, a municipality is vicariously liable
for the torts of its employees if the tort is committed while the employee is in the
course and scope of his employment and if the conduct is of the character and nature
that he is employed to perform, occurs substantially within the authorized limits of
time and space, and is activated at least in part by a purpose to serve the employer.31
Therefore, the prosecutor’s immunity from suit does not automatically relieve the
City of liability. Accordingly, with regard to the state-law claims asserted by the
plaintiffs in this lawsuit, the motion for summary judgment will be granted with
regard to the claims asserted against Mr. Haynes individually but denied with regard
to the claims asserted Mr. Haynes in his official capacity, which is actually a claim
against the City. Because it is unopposed, the motion will be granted with regard to
the state law claims asserted against Mr. Mouton.
30
Gibson v. State, 758 So.2d at 792. See, also, Burrell v. Adkins, No. 3:01CV2679,
2008 WL 130789, at *5 (W.D. La. Jan. 10, 2008); Walls v. State, 95-1133 (La. App. 3 Cir. 01/31/96),
670 So.2d 382 (allowing a malicious prosecution claim to proceed against a sheriff while dismissing
a related claim against the district attorney based on the defense of absolute prosecutorial immunity).
31
Brasseaux v. Town of Mamou, 1999-1584 (La. 01/19/2000), 752 So.2d 815, 820. See,
also, LeBrane v. Lewis, 292 So.2d 216, 218 (La. 1974).
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Conclusion
The defendants’ pending motion for partial summary judgment (Rec. Doc. 75)
is GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART.
The plaintiffs did not oppose the motion to the extent that it addresses the
plaintiffs’ claims against defendant city prosecutor Shane M. Mouton. Accordingly,
the motion is GRANTED with regard to the plaintiffs’ claims against Mr. Mouton,
and the plaintiffs’ claims against Mr. Mouton are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
The actions of defendant city prosecutor Gary J. Haynes that are complained
of by the plaintiffs are actions within the scope of a prosecutor’s traditional
prosecutorial duties. Consequently, the plaintiffs’ claims under § 1983, which were
asserted against Mr. Haynes in his individual capacity, are barred by absolute
prosecutorial immunity. With regard to those claims, the motion is GRANTED and
the plaintiffs’ § 1983 claims against Mr. Haynes, in his individual capacity, are
DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
The claims against Mr. Haynes in his official capacity are actually claims
against the City, but a municipality cannot be held vicariously liable, under § 1983,
for its employees’ actions. Additionally, there is no evidence that Mr. Haynes was
a policymaker for the City. Therefore, with regard to the § 1983 claims against Mr.
Haynes in his official capacity, as well as the § 1983 claims against the City based on
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Mr. Haynes’s actions, the motion is GRANTED and the claims are DISMISSED
WITH PREJUDICE.
The plaintiffs’ state-law claims against Mr. Haynes are barred by absolute
prosecutorial immunity. No such immunity is afforded the City, which might
ultimately be found liable under Louisiana state law, for the actions of its prosecutor
employee. Accordingly, the motion is GRANTED with regard to the state-law claims
asserted against Mr. Haynes, and those claims are DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
With regard to the state-laws claims against the City based on Mr. Haynes’s
actions, the motion is DENIED.
Signed at Lafayette, Louisiana, this 28th day of October 2011.
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