Mason v. Holder et al
Filing
5
MEMORANDUM. Signed by Judge Ellen L. Hollander on 7/17/13. (c/m af 7/17/13)(amf, Deputy Clerk)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND
CHRISTOPHER MASON, A-044-138-882
Petitioner,
v.
*
JACK KAVANAUGH
*
* CIVIL ACTION NO. ELH-13-1158
Respondent.
*****
MEMORANDUM
I. Procedural History
On April 18, 2013, this 28 U.S.C. § 2241 petition for writ of habeas corpus was received for
filing. According to the petition, Christopher Mason was placed in immigration custody on October
12, 2012, when he was ordered removed from the United States. Petitioner claims that he is being
held in the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) beyond the expiration of the
six-month removal period. ECF No. 1. Accordingly, the court has construed his challenge as one
invoking the due process dictates of Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001).
On April 22, 2013, respondent was directed to file a show cause response.1 On May 24,
2013, he filed an answer seeking dismissal of the case based on the legality of petitioner’s continued
detention. ECF No. 4. Mason has not filed a response.
II.
Discussion
The following facts are not in dispute. Petitioner is a native and citizen of Jamaica who was
initially admitted as a lawful permanent resident on March 3, 1994. On December 15, 1995, he was
convicted in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County, Maryland and placed in removal
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Mason was ordered to submit either the $5.00 habeas filing fee or an indigency motion.
ECF No. 2. He has complied with this request and his motion for leave to proceed in forma
proceedings on January 22, 1996. ECF No. 4 at Ex. A. On May 5, 1997, Immigration Judge (“IJ”)
Wayne Iskra ordered Mason deported to Jamaica based on his violation of 8 C.F.R. § 241(a)(2)(B)(i)
and § 241(a)(2)(A)(iii). Id. at Exs. A & B. Mason was deported on January 13, 1999. Id. at Ex. C.
On March 18, 1999, Mason made an attempt to re-enter the United States via JFK
International Airport using a false British passport. A determination of inadmissibility was issued
and he was ordered excluded and once again removed from the United States. Id. at Ex. D. Mason
subsequently re-entered the United States at an unknown place and time. On June 12, 2008, ICE
authorities came upon Mason at the Prince George’s County Detention Center after his arrest for
possession of marijuana. Id. at Ex. E. ICE reinstated his removal order and he was removed for the
third time in August of 2008. Id. at Ex. G.
On December 26, 2009, Department of Homeland Security personnel encountered Mason in
the U.S. Virgin Islands, attempting to board a flight to Miami, Florida. Id. at Exs. F & H. His
inspection was deferred by ICE and, because of an arrest for fraud, Mason had a detainer lodged
against him with the state detention center by the Enforcement and Removal Operations (“ERO”)
Division of ICE. Id. at Ex. I. Mason came into ICE custody on October 10, 2012. Id. On that same
date, Homeland Security Investigations (“HSI”) revoked his deferred action and ERO issued a notice
of intent to reinstate the prior order of removal. Id. at Exs. J & K. Mason, however, expressed a fear
of returning to Jamaica and his case was referred to the asylum office for a reasonable fear interview.
Id. On February 13, 2013, he was interviewed by the Citizenship and Immigration Services (“CIS”)
asylum office. That office issued a determination on March 20, 2013, and referred his case to the
Immigration Court for consideration of his withholding of removal application. ECF No. 4 at Ex. L.
pauperis shall be granted.
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Respondent affirms that the matter was scheduled for an individual hearing on June 13, 2013, to
allow Mason to present his case.2 Id. at Ex. M.
III.
Analysis
Petitioner’s sole contention is that his continued immigration detention violates his due
process rights. His continuing detention is constitutional.
Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, ICE may reinstate a prior removal order “[i]f the
Attorney General finds that an alien has reentered the United States illegally after having been
removed or having departed voluntarily, under an order of removal.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5). The
prior order of removal is reinstated from its original date and is not subject to being reopened or
reviewed. Id. The alien is not eligible to apply for any relief but he may request withholding of
removal or protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). See id.; 8 U.S.C. §
1231(b)(3).
Mason is subject to a final administrative removal order pending review of his withholding
application. Mason does not contest that he is in the removal period at this time. Therefore, he may
remain detained pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(6), which authorizes the Attorney General either to
release or to continue to detain an alien. Section 1231(a)(6) provides that an alien ordered removed
who is inadmissible under § 1182 of this title, removable under §§ 1227(a)(1)(c), 1227(a)(2), or
1227(a)(4) of this title, or who has been determined by the Attorney General to be a risk to the
community or unlikely to comply with the order of removal, may be detained beyond the removal
period and, if released, shall be subject to the terms of supervision in paragraph (3).
ICE personnel have informed court staff that Mason’s counsel sought and was granted a
continuance of a hearing on Mason’s application for withholding of removal to July 31, 2013.
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2
In Zadvydas, the Supreme Court held that post-removal-order detention under § 1231(a)(6)
does not authorize the Attorney General to detain aliens indefinitely beyond the removal period, but
limits an alien's post-removal-period detention to a period reasonably necessary to bring about that
alien's removal from the United States. Zadvydas, 533 U.S. at 689. However, Aonce removal is no
longer reasonably foreseeable, continued detention is no longer authorized by statute.@ Id. at 699.
After six months, if an alien Aprovides good reason to believe that there is no significant likelihood
of removal in the reasonably foreseeable future, the government must respond with evidence
sufficient to rebut that showing.@3 Id. at 700. If the government response fails, the petitioner may
be entitled to release from detention. Id. see also Clark v. Martinez, 543 U.S. 371 (2005) (sixmonth presumptively reasonable period of post-removal-order detention set out under Zadvydas
applies to inadmissible aliens).
Respondent states that Mason has been detained by ICE since October 10, 2012, and
therefore, he has been in post-removal custody for nine months. ICE claims, however, that Mason
3
Federal courts disagree as to the extent to which the passage of time can suffice to meet the
alien's initial burden of showing there is no significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably
foreseeable future. Compare Fahim v. Ashcroft, 227 F.Supp.2d 1359, 1365-68 (N.D. Ga. 2002)
(mere passage of time insufficient to meet alien's burden of proof), with Kacanic v. Elwood, 2002
WL 31520362 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 8, 2002) (passage of one year, coupled with inaction of foreign
embassy and immigration authorities admission that efforts to obtain travel documents have been
unproductive, suffices to meet alien's burden); Kassama v. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 553 F.Supp.2d
301, 306–07 (W.D.N.Y.2008) (petitioner failed to meet initial burden where there was no evidentiary
proof in admissible form to suggest that travel documents would not be issued). Seretse-Khama v.
Ashcroft, 215 F.Supp.2d 37, 48-54 (D. D.C. 2002) (continued detention for over three years, coupled
with eight-month delay since authorities last contacted destination country, suffices to meet alien's
burden); Khan v. Fasano, 194 F.Supp.2d 1134, 1136-37 (S.D. Cal. 2001) (where alien has been in
post-removal order custody for ten months, and meeting is scheduled with destination country to
discuss request for travel documents, delay alone is not sufficient to meet alien's burden).
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has failed to establish that there is no significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably foreseeable
future. First, he has requested a hearing before an IJ to consider an application to remain in the
United States. That hearing is currently scheduled for July 31, 2013. Second, ICE affirms that if
Mason’s application for withholding is not resolved in his favor,4 Mason will be removed in a
reasonable period of time as ICE routinely removes individuals to Jamaica on a monthly basis. ICE
notes that Mason has twice been successfully removed to Jamaica and ICE is generally able to secure
Jamaican travel documents on a regular basis and in as little as thirty days. ECF No. 4 at Ex. N,
Lewis Decl. Consequently, Mason cannot demonstrate that his post-removal-order detention violates
due process under § 1231(a)(6) and Zadvydas, because he cannot show that his detention is
indefinite. Thus, his current detention does not violate due process and is constitutional.
IV.
Conclusion
For the aforementioned reasons, this petition for writ of habeas corpus shall be dismissed. A
separate Order follows.
Date: July 17, 2013
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/s/
Ellen Lipton Hollander
United States District Judge
Deportation Officer Christian Lewis affirms that the Jamaican Embassy will not issue travel
documents while Mason’s withholding application is pending before an IJ. ECF No. 4 at Ex. N.
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