Jackson v. Warden
Filing
2
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Judge George Levi Russell, III on 11/23/2015. (c/m 11/24/15 bas, Deputy Clerk)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND
BRIAN ANTHONY JACKSON
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* Civil Action No. GLR-15-3518
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Petitioner,
v.
WARDEN,
Respondent.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
On November 18, 2015, Brian Anthony Jackson submitted a self-represented filing titled
“Motion to Dismiss” (ECF No. 1), seeking to dismiss five state court cases. Jackson is a
criminal defendant in at least three of these cases. Jackson, who is confined at the Montgomery
Correctional Facility, did not pay the civil filing fee or file a motion to proceed in forma
pauperis. He will be granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis for the limited purpose of
preliminary review. Accordingly, this case will be reviewed pursuant to the screening provisions
of 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A (2012).
The Court is mindful of its duty to liberally construe the pleadings of self-represented
litigants. See Gordon v. Leeke, 574 F.2d 1147, 1151 (4th Cir. 1978). Liberal construction,
however, does not mean that a court is required to conjure up questions never squarely presented
to them. See City of Hampton v. Beaudett, 775 F.2d 1274, 1278 (4th Cir. 1985).
Jackson seeks dismissal of the following five cases: (1) 02-K-14-002377 (Circuit Court
for Anne Arundel County); (2) 02-K-14-002399 (Circuit Court for Anne Arundel); (3)
0D0033821 (District Court for Montgomery County); (4) SD09754 (District Court for
Montgomery County); and (5) 00D10JGR (District Court for Prince George’s County), based on
summary reference to the Uniform Commercial Code and 18 U.S.C. § 242 (conspiracy against
rights).
(ECF No. 1).
Jackson does not explain why he believes the criminal cases are
dismissible on the grounds he presents. He also includes several attachments to his Complaint
without explanation.
The Maryland state judiciary electronic docket shows Jackson pleaded guilty on April 22,
2015, in the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County, to “rogue and vagabond,” a misdemeanor
offense, and was sentenced to eighteen months incarceration, all suspended in case 02-K-14002399. See http://casesearch.courts.state.md.us/casesearch/inquiryDetail.jis?caseId=
02K14002399&loc=60&detailLoc=ODYCRIM. Jackson pleaded guilty the same day to theft
less than $1000 in case 02-K-14-002379 in the Circuit Court for Anne Arundel County and was
sentenced to 18 months incarceration, all suspended. The electronic docket shows that a warrant
was issued for Jackson’s arrest on July 21, 2015 for violating his probation.
See
http://casesearch.courts.state.md.us/casesearch/inquiryDetail.jis?caseId=02K14002379&loc=60
&detailLoc=ODYCRIM.
On July 1, 2015, Jackson was charged in the District Court for
Montgomery County in case SD09754, with driving with a suspended license. That case is
presently
shown
as
active
on
the
electronic
docket.
See
http://casesearch.courts.state.md.us/casesearch/inquiryDetail.jis?
caseId=SD09754&loc=24&detailLoc=DSTRAF. Cases 0D0033821 and 0D0033821 were not
available on the state electronic docket. See http://casesearch.courts.state.md.us/casesearch//
processDisclaimer.jis.
Jackson’s requests to dismiss or overturn his state cases are barred by the Rooker–
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Feldman doctrine.1 “[L]ower federal courts generally do not have jurisdiction to review statecourt decisions; rather, jurisdiction to review such decisions lies exclusively with superior state
courts and, ultimately, the United States Supreme Court.” Plyler v. Moore, 129 F.3d 728, 731
(4th Cir. 1997); see Brown & Root, Inc. v. Breckenridge, 211 F.3d 194, 198 (4th Cir. 2000)
(“[A] party losing in state court is barred from seeking what in substance would be appellate
review of the state judgment in a United States district court, based on the losing party’s claim
that the state judgment itself violates the loser’s federal rights.”) (internal quotations omitted).
The Rooker–Feldman doctrine prevents a federal court from determining that a state court
judgment was erroneously entered or taking action that would render a state court judgment
ineffectual. Jordahl v. Democratic Party of Virginia, 122 F.3d 192, 202 (4th Cir. 1997) (citing
Ernst v. Child and Youth Servs., 108 F.3d 486, 491 (3d Cir. 1997)). It is a narrowly tailored
doctrine, such that the relief sought in federal court must seek to “‘reverse or modify’ the state
court decree” for the doctrine to apply. Adkins v. Rumsfeld, 464 F.3d 456, 464 (4th Cir. 2006)
(quoting Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)).
To the extent Jackson is disputing criminal charges against him in state court, absent
extraordinary circumstances not alleged here, federal courts are not authorized to interfere with
pending state criminal proceedings. See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 44 (1971). Federal
district courts should abstain from constitutional challenges to state judicial proceedings if the
federal claims could be presented in the ongoing state judicial proceeding. See Cinema Blue of
Charlotte, Inc. v. Gilchrist, 887 F.2d 49, 52–53 (4th Cir. 1989). The United States Court of
Appeals for the Fourth Circuit has recognized that the “Younger abstention is appropriate only in
1
See District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 482,(1983);
Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413, 416 (1923); see also Adkins v. Rumsfeld, 464 F.3d
456, 464 (4th Cir. 2006) (quoting Davani v. Va. Dep't of Transp. 434 F.3d 712, 719 (4th Cir.
2006)) (noting a federal court may not conduct appellate review of a state court decision).
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those cases in which (1) there is an on-going state judicial proceeding, (2) the proceeding
implicates important state interests, and (3) there is an adequate opportunity to present the
federal claims in the state proceeding.” Employers Resource Management Co., Inc. v. Shannon,
65 F.3d 1126, 1134 (4th Cir. 1995).2
The Maryland electronic docket shows that Jackson’s
violation of probation case is on-going. The State of Maryland has an important interest in
maintaining the efficient operation of its criminal justice system without undue federal
interference.
For these reasons, this case will be dismissed without prejudice. Jackson may seek to
dismiss or appeal his state charges or convictions, as may be appropriate in state court. 3 A
separate order follows.
Entered this 23rd day of November, 2015
/s/
_______________________
George L. Russell, III
United States District Judge
2
While there are exceptions to applying the Younger abstention doctrine, none are
apparent here. See Nivens v. Gilchrist, 44 F.3d 237, 241 (4th Cir. 2006) (explaining that
Younger is not applied only where “(1) there is a showing of bad faith or harassment by state
officials responsible for the prosecution; (2) the state law to be applied in the criminal
proceeding is flagrantly and patently violative of express constitutional prohibitions; or (3) other
extraordinary circumstances exist that present a threat of immediate and irreparable injury”).
3
After exhausting his remedies in state court, Jackson may file a petition of habeas
corpus under 28 U.S.C. §2254 to pursue any claims that his conviction violated federal law or a
constitutional provision. A § 2254 information packet will be sent to him.
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