Jackson v. USA - 2255

Filing 3

MEMORANDUM. Signed by Judge Ellen L. Hollander on 9/29/2017. (c/m)(hmls, Deputy Clerk)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND
MICHAEL JACKSON

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Petitioner,

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v.

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

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Respondent.
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Crim. Action No. ELH-12-0185
Civ. Action No. ELH-16-1907

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MEMORANDUM
On December 19, 2012, Michael Jackson, Petitioner, entered a plea of guilty to Count
One of an Indictment charging him with possession with intent to distribute heroin, in violation
of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). ECF 21; ECF 22 (Plea Agreement). In particular, the plea was entered
under Rule 11(c)(1)(C), in which the parties jointly agreed to a sentence ranging between 84 to
120 months of imprisonment. ECF 22, ¶ 8. The parties also agreed that defendant qualified as a
Career Offender. Id. ¶6B. See U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1.
A Presentence Report (“PSR”) was prepared. ECF 25. The PSR reflects that Jackson
qualified as a Career Offender, based on a criminal history that included prior convictions in
Maryland for first degree assault, three distinct convictions for second degree assault, as well as
first degree burglary. Id. ¶¶ 22, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37. Sentencing was held on June 12, 2013. ECF
3. The Court determined that Jackson was a Career Offender, with a final offense level of 29 and
a Criminal History Category VI. ECF 34 at 1. Therefore, the applicable advisory sentencing
guidelines range called for a sentence of 151 to 188 months. In accordance with the C plea,

however, the Court sentenced the defendant to 108 months‟ of imprisonment.

ECF 33

(Judgment).
On June 6, 2016, the Federal Public Defender (“FPD”) filed a Motion to Correct
Sentence Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, based on Johnson v. United States, ____ U.S. ____, 135 S. Ct.
2551 (2015). ECF 36 (“Motion”). In Johnson, the Supreme Court struck down the residual
clause of the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii), ruling that the definition
of a “violent felony” was unconstitutionally vague. 135 S. Ct. at 2555-57; see also United States
v. Winston, 850 F.3d 667, 680 (4th Cir. 2017) (explaining Johnson). Relying on Johnson, the
FPD argued that Petitioner no longer qualified as a Career Offender because Jackson‟s prior
convictions do not constitute crimes of violence. ECF 36 at 1.
On March 6, 2017, the Supreme Court decided Beckles v. United States, __ U.S. __, 137
S. Ct. 886 (2017). In Beckles, the Court determined that the advisory sentencing guidelines are
not subject to Johnson challenges.
Subsequent to Beckles, on August 18, 2017, the FPD asked Petitioner whether he wanted
to withdraw his motions. ECF 37 at 2, 3. Petitioner was also advised that the FPD intended to
submit a request to withdraw as counsel and, if granted, Petitioner would be proceeding without
counsel. Id. at 3. Petitioner did not respond to the FPD. Id. at 2. On September 18, 2017, the
FPD filed a Motion to Withdraw as Counsel (ECF 37), which this Court granted. ECF 38.
Pending before this Court is Petitioner‟s Motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. ECF 36. The
government did not respond. No hearing is necessary to resolve the Motion. See Local Rule
105.6 (D. Md. 2016); 28 U.S.C. § 2255(b). For the reasons stated herein, I shall deny the
Motion.

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DISCUSSION
Petitioner claims that under Johnson he does not qualify as a Career Offender under
U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1, because his prior convictions are not crimes of violence. ECF 36.
U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a) provides:
A defendant is a career offender if (1) the defendant was at least eighteen years
old at the time the defendant committed the instant offense of conviction; (2) the
instant offense of conviction is a felony that is either a crime of violence or a
controlled substance offense; and (3) the defendant has at least two prior felony
convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense.
Section 4B1.2(a) states, in part:
(a) The term “crime of violence” means any offense under federal or state law,
punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, that -(1) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical
force against the person of another, or . . . .
Notably, the scope of review of non-constitutional error is more limited than that of
constitutional error. United States v. Mikalajunas, 186 F.3d 490, 495 (4th Cir. 1999). A nonconstitutional error provides a basis for collateral attack only when it involves “„a fundamental
defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice”‟ or is “„inconsistent with the
rudimentary demands of fair procedure.‟” Id. at 495-96 (citations omitted); see United States v.
Newbold, 791 F.3d 455, 459 (4th Cir. 2015).
Of import here, “a mistaken career offender designation is not cognizable on collateral
review.” Newbold, 791 F.3d at 459 (citing United States v. Foote, 784 F.3d 931, 932-33 (4th
Cir. 2015)), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 2850 (2015)). In contrast, a defendant may challenge on
collateral review an alleged erroneous determination that he qualifies as an armed career criminal
and has thus “„received a punishment that the law cannot impose upon him.‟” Newbold, 791
F.3d at 460 (citation omitted).
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In light of Beckles, 137 S. Ct. 886, Petitioner‟s Motion is without merit. As the Beckles
Court stated, “the advisory Guidelines do not fix the permissible range of sentences. To the
contrary, they merely guide the exercise of a court‟s discretion in choosing an appropriate
sentence within the statutory range.” Id. at 892. The Beckles Court held, id.at 895: “[T]he
advisory Sentencing Guidelines are not subject to a vagueness challenge under the Due Process
Clause and . . . § 4B1.2(a)‟s residual clause is not void for vagueness.”
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, Petitioner‟s Motion (ECF 36) is DENIED.
Pursuant to Rule 11(a) of the Rules Governing Proceedings under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, the
court is required to issue or deny a certificate of appealability (“COA”) when it enters a final
order adverse to the applicant. A COA is a “jurisdictional prerequisite” to an appeal from the
court's earlier order. United States v. Hadden, 475 F.3d 652, 659 (4th Cir. 2007). A COA may
issue “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional
right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2); see Buck v. Davis, ____ U.S. ____, 137 S. Ct. 759, 773 (2017).
Where the court denies petitioner‟s motion on its merits, a petitioner satisfies this standard by
demonstrating that reasonable jurists would find the court‟s assessment of the constitutional
claims debatable or wrong. See Tennard v. Dretke, 542 U.S. 274, 282 (2004); Slack v. McDaniel,
529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); see also Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336-38 (2003).
In my view, reasonable jurists would not find Petitioner‟s claim debatable. Therefore, a
certificate of appealability is DENIED.1
A separate Order follows.

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The district court‟s denial of a COA does not preclude a petitioner from seeking a COA
from the appellate court.
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Dated: September 29, 2017

/s/
Ellen L. Hollander
United States District Judge

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