Skyhook Wireless, Inc. v. GOOGLE, INC.

Filing 45

DECLARATION of Susan Baker Manning in Support of Google Inc.'s Motion for Summary Judgement of Indefiniteness And, In the Alternative, Opening Claim Construction Brief by GOOGLE, INC.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Exhibit D, # 5 Exhibit E, # 6 Exhibit F)(Manning, Susan)

EXHIBIT A

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS

Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

1.

“Wi-Fi access
points”

Stipulated definition: Devices
operating consistent with the IEEE
802.11 standard to provide network
connectivity.

2.

“target area”

A pre-identified geographic region
throughout which a shortest route is
planned along all drivable roads.

3.

“a radius on the
order of tens of
miles”

Stipulated construction: A radius of
ten miles or more but fewer than a
hundred miles.

4.

“substantially all
Wi-Fi access
points” / “for
substantially all
Wi-Fi access

All but an insignificant number of WiFi access points in the target area.

Evidence

A/74511918.4

‘988 patent, Abstract, claim 1, 4:28-40, 5:27-37, 7:3744, 8:28-59 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694,
and ‘245 patents; GSHFED0000169-72,
GSHFED0000181-91, and GSHFED0000200-12;
GSHFED_0001671, GSHFED_0001360-61; U.S.
Patent No. 7,818,017 14:25-16:7; The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page 781], 1501 [subpages 107-108], 2011 [sub-pages 640-642]; Microsoft
Computer Dictionary at 42 (5th ed. 2002); Barron’s
Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 36 (8th ed.
2003).

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/1, 3
‘694/1
‘245/1, 2
‘897/1, 3, 4
‘988/1
‘694/1, 2
‘245/1

‘988/1
‘694/1
‘988 patent, 4:28-46, 5:24-37, 6:19-30, 8:13-16, 8:44‘988/1
47, 9:12-19 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694
‘694/1
patent; GSHFED0000181-91; David Nichols & Nichols
Lures v. Strike King Lure Co., 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
15781, 31-32 (N.D. Tex. Oct. 25, 2000); Newton’s

1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

points in the target
area”
5.

6.

Evidence

Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 232, 689, 916 (20th ed.
2004); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary at
2011 [sub-pages 640-642].

“identification
information for a
corresponding WiFi access point”

Stipulated construction: An identifier
(e.g., a MAC address) for a
corresponding Wi-Fi access point.

“calculated
position
information”

The physical location (i.e., latitude and
longitude) attributed to each Wi-Fi
access point determined mathematically
from readings recorded along a shortest
planned route throughout all drivable
roads in the target area (i.e. by
following the Chinese Postman routing
algorithm). The “calculated position
information” cannot be based on
randomly, or non-systematically,
collected readings of Wi-Fi access
points. Synonymous with “calculated
positions of the Wi-Fi access points” in
the ‘988 patent claim 3, “calculated
locations” in the ‘245 patent, as well as
“recorded location information” in the
‘897 patent.

A/74511918.4

Appears in
asserted
claims

‘988/1
‘694/1

See “Wi-Fi access points.”

See GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12, GSHFED0000089-90,
GSHFED234, GSHFED0000287, GSHFED_0000295299, GSHFED0000394-95; ‘988 patent, 3:12-26, 3:594:9, 7:52-8:59, 9:6-21, 9:57-10:4, 11:67-13:30, Fig. 3,
5 & 9 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694 patent;
‘245 patent, 3:13-15, 4:21-23, 4:30-31, 4:36-40, 4:4145; “calculated positions of the Wi-Fi access points” in
the ‘988 patent claim 3, “calculated locations” in the
‘245 patent claims 1 and 2, as well as “recorded
location information” in the ‘897 patent claims 1 and 3,
respectively; The Compact Oxford English Dictionary
at 87 [sub-page 781], 92 [sub-page 823], 132 [sub-page
166], 200 [sub-page 777], 1991 [sub-pages 456-457],
2011 [sub-pages 640-642]; Collins English Dictionary
at 452, 543 (7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage
College Dictionary at 379, 455 (3rd ed. 2000); The
Concise Oxford English Dictionary at 472, 836 (11th
ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 42, 56-57
(5th ed. 2002); The Merriam-Webster Dictionary 48
(6th ed. 2004); The Compact Oxford English
Dictionary of Current English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005);

2

‘988/1
‘694/1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms
36 (8th ed. 2003).
7.

“reference
symmetry”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim.
Alternatively, “the balanced or
symmetrical distribution of numerous
access points on all sides of the user
device and within range of the user
device’s WiFi radio.”

8.

“arterial bias”

A/74511918.4

The deviation of the calculated position
information for a Wi-Fi access point
toward heavily trafficked roads and
away from the actual geographic
location of the access point due to the
tendency of random scanning to result
in a greater number of scans from
heavily trafficked roads.

‘988 patent, claim 1, 2:53-57, 4:38, 5:4-8, 9:2-19, 9:4910:4, Figs. 2-6, 8, 11 and corresponding disclosures in
the ‘694 patent; GSHFED0000169-72,
GSHFED0000181-91, GSHFED0000200-12, and
GSHFED_0000295-299; The Compact Oxford English
Dictionary at 87 [sub-page 781], 200 [sub-page 777],
1991 [sub-pages 456-457]; The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary of Current English at 133 (3rd ed.
2005); Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet
Terms 36 (8th ed. 2003).

‘988 patent, Abstract, 3:12-26, 4:4-9, 4:28-46, 5:24-37, ‘988/1
7:34-8:59, 9:2-10, 9:14-19, 9:57-61, 9:64-10:4, Figs. 1- ‘694/1
5, 8 & 11 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694
patent; GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91,
GSHFED0000200-12, and GSHFED_0000295-299;
The Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 132 [subpage 166], 200 [sub-page 777], 1718 [sub-page 33],
1991 [sub-pages 456-457]; Microsoft Computer
Dictionary at 42, 56-57, 474 (5th ed. 2002); The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English
at 133 (3rd ed. 2005) Barron’s Dictionary of Computer
and Internet Terms 448 (8th ed. 2003).

3

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.
9.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

“recording
multiple readings
of the Wi-Fi
access point at
different locations
around the Wi-Fi
access point so
that the multiple
readings have
reference
symmetry relative
to other Wi-Fi
access points in
the target area”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim, and in particular
(1) impermissibly recites a method step
in an apparatus claim; and (2) fails to
apprise the person of ordinary skill in
the art as to what it means for “multiple
readings of the Wi-Fi access point at
different locations around the Wi-Fi
access point” to “have reference
symmetry relative to other Wi-Fi
access points in the target area.”
Alternatively, “systematically driving
each road in the target area using a predesigned Chinese Postman scanning
route so as to collect multiple readings
of the Wi-Fi access point at different
locations around the Wi-Fi access point
so that the multiple readings have
reference symmetry relative to other
Wi-Fi access points in the target area.”

GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12; ‘988 patent, 7:52-8:59, 9:14-19,
9:64-10:4, Figs. 4 & 11, claim 1; U.S. Patent App.
Pub. 2009/0075672, U.S. Patent No. 7,493,127; The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page
781], 200 [sub-page 777], 1991 [sub-pages 456-457] ,
2011 [sub-pages 640-642]; Collins English Dictionary
at 543 (7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage College
Dictionary at 455 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford
English Dictionary at 472, 836 (11th ed. 2004);
Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 42 (5th ed. 2002);
Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 689, 916 (20th
ed. 2004); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary of
Current English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s
Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 36 (8th ed.
2003).

A/74511918.4

See also # 19 below.

4

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

10.

“recording
multiple readings
of the Wi-Fi
access point at
different locations
around the Wi-Fi
access point … so
that the
calculation of the
position of the
Wi-Fi access point
avoids arterial bias
in the calculated
position
information”

A/74511918.4

Proposed Construction

Evidence

GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91,
GSHFED0000200-12, and GSHFED_0000295; ‘988
patent, Abstract, 3:12-26, 4:4-9, 4:28-46, 5:24-37,
7:34-8:59, 9:2-10, 9:14-19, 9:57-10:4, Figs. 1-5, 8 &
11, claim 1; U.S. Patent App. Pub. 2009/0075672;
U.S. Patent No. 7,493,127; The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 92 [sub-page 823], 132 [sub-page
166], 200 [sub-page 777], 2011 [sub-pages 640-642];
Collins English Dictionary at 543 (7th ed. 2005); The
American Heritage College Dictionary at 455 (3rd ed.
2000); The Concise Oxford English Dictionary at 472,
836 (11th ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer Dictionary at
56-57 (5th ed. 2002); Newton’s Telecom Dictionary
In the alternative, “storing Wi-Fi access
39-40, 689, 916 (20th ed. 2004); The Merriam-Webster
point signals received while scanning
Dictionary 48 (6th ed. 2004); The Compact Oxford
along a shortest planned route along
English Dictionary of Current English at 133 (3rd ed.
each drivable road throughout each
2005).
target area, e.g. Chinese Postman, and
not using random scanning or
collection methods.
This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim, and in particular
(1) impermissibly recites a method step
in an apparatus claim; and (2) fails to
provide any measure of when recording
multiple readings … around the Wi-Fi
access point … so that the calculation
of the position of the Wi-Fi access
point avoids arterial bias is achieved.

5

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.
11.

Claim language

“avoid arterial
bias” /“avoids
arterial bias”

Proposed Construction

Evidence

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim.

GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91,
GSHFED0000200-12, and GSHFED_0000295-299;
‘988 patent, 3:12-26, 4:4-9, 4:28-46, 5:24-37, 7:348:59, 9:2-10, 9:14-19, 9:57-61, 9:64-10:4, Figs. 1-5, 8
& 11, claim 1; U.S. Patent App. Pub. 2009/0075672,
U.S. Patent No. 7,493,127 The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 92 [sub-page 823], 132 [sub-page
166]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 56-57 (5th ed.
2002); The Merriam-Webster Dictionary 48 (6th ed.
2004).

In the alternative, “eliminates arterial
bias.”

12.

“logic to
recalculate
position
information for
Wi-Fi access
points previously
stored in the
database to utilize
position
information for
the newly-

A/74511918.4

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because the
specification does not disclose a
structure corresponding to the claimed
“logic” capable of performing the
recited function of “recalculat[ing]
position information for Wi-Fi access
points previously stored in the database
to utilize position information for the
newly-discovered readings of
previously stored Wi-Fi access points.”

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/1
‘694/1

‘988 patent, 12:29-13:31; The Compact Oxford English ‘988/1
Dictionary at 200 [sub-page 777], 389 [sub-page 261],
992 [sub-pages 1107-1108]; Microsoft Computer
Dictionary at 141, 317 (5th ed. 2002); Newton’s
Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 232, 916 (20th ed. 2004);
The Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current
English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s Dictionary of
Computer and Internet Terms 123 (8th ed. 2003).

6

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

discovered
readings of
previously stored
Wi-Fi access
points”
13.

“computerimplemented logic
to add records to
the database for
newly-discovered
Wi-Fi access
points”

14.

“computerimplemented
clustering logic to
identify position
information based
on error prone
GPS information”

A/74511918.4

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because the
specification does not disclose a
structure corresponding to the claimed
“computer-implemented logic” capable
of performing the recited function of
“add[ing] records to the database for
newly-discovered Wi-Fi access points.”

‘988 patent, 11:64-12:6, 12:29-38, 12:39-13:31;
GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12; The Compact Oxford English
Dictionary at 389 [sub-page 261], 992 [sub-pages
1107-1108]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 141,
317 (5th ed. 2002); Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 3940, 232, 689, 916 (20th ed. 2004); Barron’s Dictionary
of Computer and Internet Terms 123 (8th ed. 2003).
This limitation is indefinite in violation ‘988 patent, 12:6-13; The Compact Oxford English
Dictionary at 992 [sub-pages 1107-1108], 1718 [subof 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because (1) it
does not apprise one skilled in the art of page 33]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 317, 474
(5th ed. 2002); Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 737
the bounds of the claim, and in
particular fails to apprise the person of (20th ed. 2004) Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and
ordinary skill in the art what constitutes Internet Terms 448 (8th ed. 2003).
“error prone GPS information”; and (2)
in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2
because the specification does not
disclose a structure corresponding to
the claimed “computer-implemented
clustering logic” capable of performing
the recited function of “identify[ing]
position information based on error
prone GPS information.”

7

‘988/1

‘988/2

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

15.

“logic to
determine a
weighted centroid
position for all
position
information
reported for an
access point”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because the
specification does not disclose a
structure corresponding to the claimed
“logic” capable of performing the
recited function of “determine[ing] a
weighted centroid position for all
position information reported for an
access point.”

‘988 patent, 3:20-26, 12:11-20, 12:24-28, 12:35-13:31;
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical
Terms, 357, 2287 (6th ed. 2003); The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 200 [sub-page 777], 229 [subpage 1040], 992 [sub-pages 1107-1108], 2289 [subpage 100]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 317 (5th
ed. 2002); Collins English Dictionary at 277, 452 (7th
ed. 2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary
at 379, 1530 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford
English Dictionary at 230 (11th ed. 2004); Newton’s
Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 916 (20th ed. 2004); The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English
at 133 (3rd ed. 2005).

16.

“a weighted
centroid position”

A position determined by weighted
averaging of recorded positions.

‘988 patent, 3:20-26, 11:49-62, 12:1-28, 12:34-13:31;
‘988/3
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical
Terms, 357, 2187, 2287 (6th ed. 2003); The Compact
Oxford English Dictionary at 229 [sub-page 1040], 992
[sub-pages 1107-1108], 2108 [sub-pages 500-501],
2289 [sub-page 100]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary
at 317 (5th ed. 2002); Collins English Dictionary at 277
(7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage College
Dictionary at 1442, 1530 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise
Oxford English Dictionary at 230 (11th ed. 2004).

17.

“logic to identify
position
information that
exceeds a
statistically-based
deviation

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because the
specification does not disclose a
structure corresponding to the claimed
“logic” capable of performing the
recited function of “identify[ing]

‘988 patent, 12:6-20; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of
Scientific and Technical Terms, 357, 2287 (6th ed.
2003); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 229
[sub-page 1040], 992 [sub-pages 1107-1108], 2289
[sub-page 100]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 317
(5th ed. 2002); Collins English Dictionary at 277 (7th

A/74511918.4

8

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/3

‘988/3

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

threshold amount
away from the
centroid position”
18.

position information that exceeds a
statistically-based deviation threshold
amount away from the centroid
position.”

ed. 2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary
at 1530 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford English
Dictionary at 230 (11th ed. 2004).

“calculated
positions of the
Wi-Fi access
points”

Synonymous with “calculated position
information for the corresponding WiFi access point” in claim 1 of the ‘988
patent and the ‘694 patent; “calculated
locations” in the ‘245 patent, and
“recorded location information” in the
‘897 patent.

See GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and ‘988/3
GSHFED0000200-12, GSHFED0000089-90,
GSHFED234, GSHFED0000287, ,
GSHFED_0000295-299, GSHFED0000394-95; ‘988
patent, 3:12-26, 3:59-4:9, 7:52-8:59, 9:6-21, 9:57-10:4,
11:67-13:30, Fig. 3, 5 & 9 and corresponding
disclosures in the ‘694 patent; ‘245 patent, 3:13-15,
4:21-23, 4:30-31, 4:36-40, 4:41-45; “calculated
position information” in claim 1 of the ‘988 and ‘694
patents, “calculated locations” in the ‘245 patent claims
1 and 2, as well as “recorded location information” in
the ‘897 patent claims 1 and 3, respectively; The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page
781], 92 [sub-page 823], 132 [sub-page 166], 200 [subpage 777], 1991 [sub-pages 456-457], 2011 [sub-pages
640-642]; Collins English Dictionary at 452, 543 (7th
ed. 2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary
at 379, 455 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford
English Dictionary at 472, 836 (11th ed. 2004);
Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 42, 56-57 (5th ed.
2002); The Merriam-Webster Dictionary 48 (6th ed.
2004); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary of
Current English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s
Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 36 (8th ed.
2003).

A/74511918.4

9

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

19.

“the clustering
logic … excludes
such deviating
position
information from
the database and
from influencing
the calculated
positions of the
Wi-Fi access
points”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because the
specification does not disclose a
structure corresponding to the claimed
“clustering logic” capable of
performing the recited function of
“exclude[ing] such deviating position
information from the database and from
influencing the calculated positions of
the Wi-Fi access points.”

‘988 patent, 12:7-20; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of
Scientific and Technical Terms, 357, 2287 (6th ed.
2003); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 200
[sub-page 777], 229 [sub-page 1040], 389 [sub-page
261], 992 [sub-pages 1107-1108], 2289 [sub-page
100]; Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 141, 317 (5th
ed. 2002); Collins English Dictionary at 277 (7th ed.
2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary at
1530 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford English
Dictionary at 230 (11th ed. 2004); Newton’s Telecom
Dictionary 39-40, 232, 916 (20th ed. 2004); The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English
at 133 (3rd ed. 2005) Barron’s Dictionary of Computer
and Internet Terms 123 (8th ed. 2003).

20.

“recording
multiple readings
of the Wi-Fi
access point at
different locations
around the Wi-Fi
access point so
that the multiple
readings avoid
arterial bias in the
calculated position
information of the
Wi-Fi access
point”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim, and in particular
impermissibly recites a method step in
an apparatus claim.

A/74511918.4

GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12; ‘988 patent, 7:52-8:59, 9:14-19,
9:64-10:4, Figs. 4 & 11, claim 1; U.S. Patent App.
Pub. 2009/0075672, U.S. Patent No. 7,493,127; The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page
781], 200 [sub-page 777], 1991 [sub-pages 456-457] ,
2011 [sub-pages 640-642]; Collins English Dictionary
In the alternative, “storing Wi-Fi access at 543 (7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage College
point signals received while scanning
Dictionary at 455 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford
along a shortest planned route along
English Dictionary at 472, 836 (11th ed. 2004);
each drivable road throughout each
Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 42 (5th ed. 2002);
target area, e.g. Chinese Postman and
Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 689, 916 (20th
not using random scanning or
ed. 2004); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary of
collection methods to avoid the
Current English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s

10

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘988/3

‘694/1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

“wherein the
database records
for substantially
all Wi-Fi access
points in the target
area provide
reference
symmetry within
the target area”

Proposed Construction

Evidence

tendency of random scanning to result
in a greater number of scans of the WiFi access point from heavily trafficked
roads.”
21.

Claim language

Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 36 (8th ed.
2003).

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim, and in particular
fails to apprise the person of ordinary
skill in the art as to what it means to
“provide reference symmetry within the
target area.”

‘694 patent, claim 1, 2:25-29, 4:8-9, 4:27-28, 5:38-49,
7:32-35, 7:62-66, 9:3-23, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 11;
GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12; David Nichols & Nichols Lures
v. Strike King Lure Co., 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 15781,
31-32 (N.D. Tex. Oct. 25, 2000); The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 389 [sub-page 261], 1991 [subpages 456-457], 2011 [sub-pages 640-642]; Microsoft
Computer Dictionary at 141 (5th ed. 2002); Newton’s
Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 232, 689, 916 (20th ed.
2004); Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet
Terms 123 (8th ed. 2003).

Appears in
asserted
claims

See also GSHFED0000287, GSHFED0000297-98.
‘694/1

See also # 4 above.
22.

“a user-device
having a Wi-Fi
radio”

An end user or consumer device having
a Wi-Fi radio.

‘245 patent, 1:36-40, 1:48-50, 8:27; 9:10; 9:54-55;
Collins English Dictionary at 543 (7th ed. 2005); The
American Heritage College Dictionary at 455 (3rd ed.
2000); The Concise Oxford English Dictionary at 472
(11th ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer Dictionary at
193; Webster’s New World Computer Dictionary at
129 and 387.

‘245/1

23.

“providing a
reference database
of calculated

A database that contains calculated
locations for all the Wi-Fi access points
collected in the pre-identified target

‘988 patent, Abstract, claim 1, 3:12-18, 4:28-40, 5:2730, 5:55-6:3, 7:39-44, 8:28-34, 8:41-44, & 8:56-59;
‘694 patent, 2:51-57, 5:8-24 and corresponding

‘245/1

A/74511918.4

11

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

locations of Wi-Fi
access points in a
target area”

24.

Synonymous with “calculated position
information” in the ‘988 and ‘694
patents, “calculated positions of the
Wi-Fi access points” in the ‘988 patent,
as well as “recorded location
information” in the ‘897 patent.

Appears in
asserted
claims

area by scanning a shortest planned
route along all drivable roads. The
database does not include information
about Wi-Fi access points gathered
using random or end-user based
collection methods.

“calculated
locations”

Evidence

A/74511918.4

disclosures in the ‘245 patent; GSHFED0000169-72,
GSHFED0000181-91, and GSHFED0000200-12; The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 200 [sub-page
777], 389 [sub-page 261], 2011 [sub-pages 640-642];
Collins English Dictionary at 543 (7th ed. 2005); The
American Heritage College Dictionary at 455 (3rd ed.
2000); The Concise Oxford English Dictionary at 472,
836 (11th ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer Dictionary at
See also “a database of Wi-Fi access
points for at least one target area” in the 141 (5th ed. 2002); Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 3940, 232, 916 (20th ed. 2004); The Compact Oxford
‘988 and ‘694 patents.
English Dictionary of Current English at 133 (3rd ed.
2005) Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet
Terms 123 (8th ed. 2003).
See GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and
GSHFED0000200-12, GSHFED0000089-90,
GSHFED234, GSHFED0000287, GSHFED_0000295299, GSHFED0000394-95; ‘988 patent, 3:12-26, 3:594:9, 7:52-8:59; 9:6-21; 9:57-10:4, 11:67-13:30, Fig. 3,
5 & 9 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694 patent;
‘245 patent, 3:13-15, 4:21-23, 4:30-31, 4:36-40, 4:4145; “calculated position information” in the ‘988 and
‘694 patents, “calculated positions of the Wi-Fi access
points” in the ‘988 patent claim 3, “calculated
locations” in the ‘245 patent claims 1 and 2, as well as
“recorded location information” in the ‘897 patent
claims 1 and 3, respectively; The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page 781], 92 [sub-page
823], 132 [sub-page 166], 200 [sub-page 777], 1991

12

‘245/1, 2

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

[sub-pages 456-457], 2011 [sub-pages 640-642];
Collins English Dictionary at 452, 543 (7th ed. 2005);
The American Heritage College Dictionary at 379, 455
(3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford English Dictionary
at 472, 836 (11th ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer
Dictionary at 42, 56-57 (5th ed. 2002); The MerriamWebster Dictionary 48 (6th ed. 2004); The Compact
Oxford English Dictionary of Current English at 133
(3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and
Internet Terms 36 (8th ed. 2003).
25.

“in response to a
user application
request to
determine a
location of a userdevice having a
Wi-Fi radio”

In response to a request made by an
end-user facing application, i.e., not by
the operating system, to determine the
location of an end user-device using a
Wi-Fi radio.

26.

“triggering the
Wi-Fi device to
transmit a request
to all Wi-Fi access
points within
range of the Wi-Fi

Stipulated construction: Causing the
Wi-Fi device to actively search for Wi-Fi
access points. The Wi-Fi device transmits
a request to all Wi-Fi access points
within range of the Wi-Fi device to
identify themselves.

A/74511918.4

‘245 patent, 1:31-50, 3:53-63, 6:7-9, 6:12-29, 6:52-64, ‘245/1
7:12, 8:27, 9:10, 9:54-55, Figs. 1 & 9; Collins English
Dictionary at 452, 543 (7th ed. 2005); The American
Heritage College Dictionary at 379, 455 (3rd ed.
2000); The Concise Oxford English Dictionary at 472,
836 (11th ed. 2004); Microsoft Computer Dictionary at
30-31, 33, 193, 378 & 544 (5th ed. 2002); Webster’s
New World Computer Dictionary at 22-24, 129, 264265, 387 (4th ed. 2004); PC Magazine Encyclopedia
(definition at “API”) available at
http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=A
PI&i=37856,00.asp.
‘245/1

13

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

device”

See “Wi-Fi access points.”

27.

“said chosen
algorithm being
suited for the
number of
identified Wi-Fi
access points”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because it does
not apprise one skilled in the art of the
bounds of the claim, and in particular
fails to apprise the person of ordinary
skill in the art which algorithm(s) is
(are) “suited” for a particular number of
identified Wi-Fi access points.

‘245 patent, 5:45-48, 7:3-12, 7:23-24, 12:29-32;
GSHFED0000089-90; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of
Scientific and Technical Terms, 66, 2287 (6th ed.
2003); The American heritage science dictionary, 17
(2005); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary at
1956-57 [sub-pages 146-150], 2289 [sub-page 100];
The American Heritage Science Dictionary at 17
(2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary at
1358, 1530 (3rd ed. 2000); Newton’s Telecom
Dictionary 39-40, 916 (20th ed. 2004); Webster’s New
World College Dictionary at 1432 (4th ed. 2004);
Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms
14-15 (8th ed. 2003).

‘245/1

28.

“simple signal
strength weighted
average model”

A calculated average of signal strength
measurements resulting from the
multiplication of each measurement by
a numeric or algebraic factor to weight
stronger signal readings more than
weaker signals. Used to determine the
location of a user device.

‘245 patent, Abstract, 6:57-7:12, 12:23-13:23;
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical
Terms, 66, 1358, 1930, 2287 (6th ed. 2003); The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 200 [sub-page
777], 2289 [sub-page 100]; The American Heritage
College Dictionary at 1530; The American Heritage
Science Dictionary at 17 (2005); The Compact Oxford
English Dictionary of Current English at 133 (3rd ed.
2005); Barron’s Dictionary of Computer and Internet
Terms 14-15 (8th ed. 2003).

‘245/6

29.

“triangulation
technique”

Calculating the physical location of a
user device by using the strength of

‘245 patent, Abstract, 6:57-7:12, 8:58-9:17, 12:513:27; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and

‘245/8

A/74511918.4

14

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

signals received from two or more WiFi access points whose locations have
been calculated, by the formation of
triangles having the user device and
each such Wi-Fi access point as the
vertices.

Appears in
asserted
claims

Technical Terms, 66, 2187 (6th ed. 2003); The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 2108 [subpages 500-501]; The American Heritage Science
Dictionary at 17 (2005); The American Heritage
College Dictionary at 1442 (3rd ed. 2000); Barron’s
Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 14-15 (8th
ed. 2003).

30.

“a WiFi-enabled
device
communicating
with WiFi access
points within
range of the WiFienabled device so
that observed
WiFi access points
identify
themselves”

A user device having a Wi-Fi radio
actively searching for Wi-Fi access
points by transmitting a signal to all
Wi-Fi access points within range and
receiving a response that includes a
unique identifier (e.g., a MAC address)
from each such Wi-Fi access point.

‘897 patent, Abstract, 6:13-21, 6:47-59, 7:12-26, Fig. 2, ‘897/1
Fig. 5; Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 39-40, 916 (20th
ed. 2004); Leary et al., “Wireless LAN Fundamentals:
Mobility,” Jan. 9, 2004, available at
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1022
82&seqNum=2; IEEE 802.11 standard.

31.

“using the
recorded location
information for
each of the
observed WiFi
access points in
conjunction with
predefined rules to
determine whether
an observed WiFi
access point

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because (a) it
does not apprise one skilled in the art of
the bounds of the claim, and in
particular fails to apprise the person of
ordinary skill in the art what constitutes
the claimed “predefined rules.”

‘897 patent, 6:3-12, 7:3-12, 7:34-48, 8:46-10:31, 9:1115; GSHFED_0000394-95; Collins English Dictionary
at 452 (7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage College
Dictionary at 379; The Concise Oxford English
Dictionary at 836 (11th ed. 2004); Newton’s Telecom
Dictionary 39-40, 689, 916 (20th ed. 2004).

A/74511918.4

15

‘897/1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

Evidence

Appears in
asserted
claims

should be included
or excluded from
a set of WiFi
access points”
32.

“recorded location
information”

A/74511918.4

Synonymous with “calculated position
information” in the ‘988 and ‘694
patents, “calculated positions of the
Wi-Fi access points” in the ‘988 patent
claim 3, as well as “calculated
locations” in the ‘245 patent.

See GSHFED0000169-72, GSHFED0000181-91, and ‘897/1, 3
GSHFED0000200-12, GSHFED0000089-90,
GSHFED234, GSHFED0000287, GSHFED_0000295299, GSHFED0000394-95; ‘988 patent, 3:12-26, 3:594:9, 7:52-8:59; 9:6-21; 9:57-10:4, 11:67-13:30, Fig. 3,
5 & 9 and corresponding disclosures in the ‘694 patent;
‘245 patent, 3:13-15, 4:21-23, 4:30-31, 4:36-40, 4:4145; “calculated position information” in claim 1 of the
‘988 and ‘694 patents, “calculated positions of the WiFi access points” in the ‘988 patent claim 3, “calculated
locations” in the ‘245 patent claims 1 and 2; The
Compact Oxford English Dictionary at 87 [sub-page
781], 92 [sub-page 823], 132 [sub-page 166], 200 [subpage 777], 1991 [sub-pages 456-457], 2011 [sub-pages
640-642]; Collins English Dictionary at 452, 543 (7th
ed. 2005); The American Heritage College Dictionary
at 379, 455 (3rd ed. 2000); The Concise Oxford
English Dictionary at 472, 836 (11th ed. 2004);
Microsoft Computer Dictionary at 42, 56-57 (5th ed.
2002); The Merriam-Webster Dictionary 48 (6th ed.
2004); Newton’s Telecom Dictionary 689 (20th ed.
2004); The Compact Oxford English Dictionary of
Current English at 133 (3rd ed. 2005); Barron’s
Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms 36 (8th ed.
2003).

16

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
Term
No.

Claim language

Proposed Construction

33.

“rules to
determine a
reference point
and to compare
the recorded
location
information for
each of the
observed WiFi
access points to
the reference
point”

This limitation is indefinite in violation
of 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶ 2 because (a) it
does not apprise one skilled in the art of
the bounds of the claim, and in
particular fails to apprise the person of
ordinary skill in the art what constitutes
the claimed “rules.”

34.

“WiFi access
points having a
recorded location
within a
predefined
threshold distance
of the reference
point”

Stipulated definition: WiFi access
points having a recorded location that is
within a certain distance of the reference
point. That distance was previously
defined.

“WiFi access
points having a
recorded location
in excess of the
predefined
threshold distance
of the reference
point”

Evidence

Stipulated definition: WiFi access
points having a recorded location that
exceeds a certain distance from the
reference point. That distance was
previously defined.

35.

A/74511918.4

‘897 patent, 8:61-9:15; Collins English Dictionary at
452 (7th ed. 2005); The American Heritage College
Dictionary at 379; The Concise Oxford English
Dictionary at 836 (11th ed. 2004); Newton’s Telecom
Dictionary 39-40, 689, 916 (20th ed. 2004).

Appears in
asserted
claims
‘897/3

‘897/3

See “WiFi access points.”

‘897/3

See "WiFi access points."

17