LeBaron v. Massachusetts Partnership for Correctional Healthcare et al

Filing 192

District Judge Leo T. Sorokin: ELECTRONIC ORDER ON REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS. After de novo review, the unopposed Report and Recommendation is ALLOWED. re 182 Motion for Summary Judgment, filed by Massachusetts Partnership for Correctional Healthcare, Neal Norcliffe, Joe Zimakas, Linda Albohn, MPCH Supervisory Authorities, Keelin Garvey, Paul Caratazzola, James Thompson, Lynn Gillis, Jay Toomey Action on motion: ; granting 182 Motion for Summary Judgment; granting 190 Report and Recommendations.(Simeone, Maria)

Case 1:14-cv-14138-LTS Document 190 Filed 12/04/17 Page 1 of 32

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS

NATHAN MARQUIS LEBARON,
Plaintiff,
v.

CIVIL ACTION NO. 14-14138-LTS

MASSACHUSETTS PARTNERSHIP
FOR CORRECTIONAL HEALTHCARE,
LYNN GILLIS,
JAMES THOMPSON,
NEAL NORCLIFFE,
KEELIN GARVEY,
JAY TOOMEY,
JOE ZIMAKAS,
LINDA ALBOHN,
PAUL CARATAZZOLA,
MPCH SUPERVISORY AUTHORITIES,
Defendants.

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION ON DEFENDANTS’
MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT (#182).
KELLEY, U.S.M.J.

I. Introduction.
Originally filed in the state superior court, this case was removed to the federal court in
November of 2014. When the complaint was filed, plaintiff Nathan Marquis LeBaron was an
inmate in the custody of the Massachusetts Department of Corrections (DOC). He has since been
released.

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In Count I of the complaint, LeBaron alleges a claim for retaliation. (#1-2 ¶¶ 153-58.)
Count II incorporates claims under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
(RLUIPA) and the First Amendment. Id. ¶¶ 160-66. A number of federal constitutional claims
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and state constitutional claims under Massachusetts General Laws chapter
12, §§ 11H and 11I, are alleged in Count III. Id. ¶¶ 168-71. In Count IV, LeBaron asserts a
conspiracy claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1985. Id. ¶¶ 173-92.
On October 24, 2017, defendants collectively filed a motion for summary judgment,
together with a memorandum in support and a statement of undisputed material facts. (##182, 183,
184.) LeBaron has filed no response to the dispositive motion.
II. Facts.
A. The Parties.
To the extent that they are supported by the record, defendants’ material facts shall be
accepted as true.1 Since July of 2013, defendant Massachusetts Partnership for Correctional
Healthcare (MPCH) has been under contract with the Massachusetts DOC to provide certain
medical and mental health services to inmates in the custody of the department. (#184 ¶ 2.)2 At all
relevant times, defendant Lynn Gillis, RN, was a Health Services Administrator (HSA) at
Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Shirley (MCI-Shirley) and an employee of MPCH. Id. ¶
3. Defendant James Thompson, M.D., was a psychiatrist employed by MPCH. Id. ¶¶ 5-6.

1

Local Rule 56.1 provides, in part: “Material facts of record set forth in the statement required to be served
by the moving party will be deemed for purposes of the motion to be admitted by opposing parties unless
controverted by the statement required to be served by opposing parties.” See also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) (“If
a party fails to properly support an assertion of fact or fails to properly address another party’s assertion of
fact as required by Rule 56(c), the court may . . . (2) consider the fact undisputed for purposes of the
motion.”).
2

Unless otherwise noted, reference shall be made to defendants’ concise statement of material facts and
not the supporting materials.

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Defendant Neal Norcliffe, LICSW, was the mental health director at Old Colony Correctional
Center (OCCC) and an MPCH employee. Id. ¶¶ 5, 9. Defendant Keelin Garvey, M.D., was a
psychiatrist at OCCC employed by MPCH. Id. ¶¶ 5, 10. Defendant Joseph Toomey, Ph.D., was a
psychologist at OCCC and an MPCH employee. Id. ¶¶ 5, 11. Defendant Linda Albohn,3 LPN, was
the prisoner Grievance and Appeals Coordinator employed by MPCH. Id. ¶¶ 5, 13. Defendant Paul
Caratazzola was an HSA at OCCC and an MPCH employee. Id. ¶¶ 5, 14.
B. Plaintiff’s Grievances.
In a grievance dated February 24, 2014, and received by HSA Gillis on March 5, 2014,
LeBaron complained that on February 15, 2014, he had urinated blood and large clots. Id. ¶ 16.
Gillis responded to LeBaron on March 6, 2014, stating that LeBaron had been evaluated by both
nursing staff and a medical provider for his symptoms, and that a doctor would see him for a
follow-up appointment. Id. On April 11, 2014, LeBaron appealed this grievance; the appeal was
received by defendant Albohn on April 29, 2014. Id. ¶ 17. In her May 2, 2014 response, Albohn
stated that LeBaron’s urine sample had been sent to the laboratory for testing and that a doctor
would review the results with him. Id.
In a June 23, 2014 grievance which was received on June 26, 2014, LeBaron complained
to HSA Caratazzola at OCCC that the HSA at MCI-Shirley, defendant Gillis, had ignored a
grievance he had allegedly filed on April 11, 2014. Id. ¶ 18. In his response four days later,
Caratazzola informed LeBaron that his grievance was being forwarded to the HSA at MCI-Shirley
for disposition. Id. On August 23, 2014, LeBaron appealed this grievance. Id. ¶ 19. Albohn

3

Although Albohn’s name changed during the course of the litigation, she will continue to be referenced
as she was identified in the complaint. (#184 at 2 n. 1.)

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received the appeal on August 28, 2014, and responded on September 3, 2014,4 stating that after a
thorough investigation, there was no evidence that plaintiff had filed an April 11, 2014 medical
grievance. Id. ¶ 19.
In a July 10, 2014 grievance received on July 11, 2014, LeBaron claimed he needed dental
braces. Id. ¶ 20. Responding on July 14, 2014, Caratazzola stated that he had reviewed LeBaron’s
medical file and discussed the matter with the dental assistant. Id. Plaintiff was advised to submit
a sick call request slip to the dental assistant to meet and discuss his concerns. Id. LeBaron
appealed this grievance on July 20, 2014; the appeal was received by Albohn on August 4, 2014.
Id ¶ 21. Responding two days later, Albohn advised plaintiff that after investigation and discussion
with the dental team, his request for braces would not be granted. Id.
LeBaron filed a grievance dated July 22, 2014, which was received by HSA Caratazzola
on July 25, 2014, in which plaintiff raised issues about the mental health department. Id. ¶ 22.
Caratazzola responded on July 29, 2017, explaining that he had discussed plaintiff’s concerns with
defendant Norcliffe, the Mental Health Director, and that the doctors and the mental health team
at OCCC had determined that LeBaron’s mental health case should remain open based on clinical
information and risk factors. Id. Plaintiff’s August 4, 2014 appeal of this grievance was received
by Albohn on August 25, 2014. Id. ¶ 23. Responding two days later, Albohn stated that, in
accordance with the mental health team’s review, his mental health case would remain open. Id.
In a grievance dated July 23, 2014, that was received by HSA Caratazzola on July 30, 2014,
LeBaron took issue with certain urology appointments and requested specific medical treatment.
Id. ¶ 24. Caratazzola responded on July 31, 2014, noting that plaintiff had been examined by the
doctor two days previously and that the doctor had submitted a dermatology referral which was

4

Although the date for Albohn’s response in the statement of facts is May 2, 2014 (#184 ¶ 19), a review of
the actual grievance appeal form (#184, Exh. A at 002) reveals that date to be incorrect.

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waiting for approval. Id. LeBaron appealed the grievance on August 14, 2014; the appeal was
received by the grievance appeals coordinator on August 25, 2014. Id. ¶ 25. Albohn responded on
August 27, 2014, stating that the request for a dermatological consult was still pending and that
plaintiff’s request for a biopsy could not be granted at that time. Id. Albohn also enclosed a copy
of the MPCH grievance and appeal form, which included the new address to which appeals were
to be sent. Id.
On August 19, 2014, plaintiff filed a grievance regarding a cavity. Id. ¶ 26. HSA
Caratazzola received the grievance on August 21, 2014, and responded the same day, stating that
LeBaron had not reported this issue to any medical personnel and suggested that he submit a sick
call request slip. Id.5 Plaintiff appealed the grievance on August 14, 2014, which appeal was
received by Albohn on August 28, 2014. Id. ¶ 27. Albohn responded on September 3, 2014, stating
that she had learned plaintiff had been transferred to another facility and informed him that he must
submit a sick call request slip to be seen by a dentist at that institution. Id.
During the remainder of 2014, LeBaron filed five grievances and five appeals; Albohn
responded to each appeal that was filed. Id. ¶ 28.
C. Plaintiff’s Medical Treatment.
On February 15, 2014, LeBaron alerted MPCH staff at MCI-Shirley that he was urinating
blood. Id. ¶ 29. He gave a urine sample that was witnessed by DOC staff, and the nurse performed
a urinalysis on it. Id. The testing showed that the urine, which was clear yellow, had no indication
of blood or any other irregularities. Id. Later that same day, plaintiff brought a urine cup of purplecolored liquid to the Health Services Unit (HSU) from population. Id. ¶ 30. The registered nurse
on duty examined this unwitnessed sample and observed that the liquid had no characteristics of

5

The dates in the material statement of facts do not conform to the dates on this grievance. Compare #184
¶ 26 with #184, Exh. A at 010.

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urine; the liquid was opaque, completely purple and had no odor. Id. When a urinalysis was
performed, no blood was found. Id. LeBaron was informed that a urine sample must be collected
at, and tested in, the HSU. Id.
Four days later on February 19, 2014, LeBaron was seen by the medical staff after
complaining that his “urine was pure blood for about a minute and about 20 inches of one-inchthick blood clots at the end.” Id. ¶ 31, Exh. B ¶ 6, Exh. 1 at 003. LeBaron spewed profanities and
stormed out of the HSU; staff noted he had an “odd affect.” Id. That same day, in light of his
behavior regarding his urine issues, plaintiff met with Roselle Mann, LICSW, for a one-on-one
mental health session. Id. ¶ 32. LeBaron told Mann that he “was pissing blood” and that the HSU
staff “tested it and said it was nothing.” Id., Exh. B ¶ 7, Exh. 1 at 004. Plaintiff thought the medical
staff was lying to him, stating that he was “almost bleeding to death.” Id. When Mann empathized,
LeBaron started crying. Id. Mann was unable to dissuade plaintiff with logic, at which point she
noted that he “clearly [had] a persistent fixed delusion and somatoform disorder, probably.” Id.,
Exh. B ¶ 7, Exh. 1 at 005. Mann observed that LeBaron “appeared his baseline self . . . but fixed
in his belief that he has a sickness and medical doesn’t care (see all notes/sick slips, past medical
work-ups that reveal no issues).” Id. Plaintiff agreed to meet with Mann on a monthly basis; Mann
opened a mental health case on LeBaron. Id.
Plaintiff had a urinalysis done on March 4, 2014, that tested positive for blood. Id. ¶ 33.
The following day plaintiff met with Dr. Hugh Silk, complaining that he had blood and blood clots
in his urine, there was a delay in getting a urine sample and there was a conspiracy against him.
Id. Dr. Silk noted that while the urinalysis was positive for blood, it was negative for anything else.
Id. He determined that plaintiff’s blood and urine should be retested with a follow-up in two weeks.
Id.

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On March 10, 2014, Elizabeth Louder, LICSW, completed a Mental Health Status Update
on plaintiff to evaluate his suitability to go into segregation due to his involvement in a physical
altercation. Id. ¶ 35. While LeBaron had a provisional diagnosis of delusional disorder, Louder
saw no sign of delusions during her meeting with him. Id. Plaintiff denied suicidal ideation, intent
or plan. Id. Louder concluded that plaintiff presented with a low risk for self-harm, but had mild
paranoia at the time of evaluation and overall displayed symptoms consistent with somatic
delusions. Id. Two days later LeBaron was placed on a mental health watch, meaning that his
mental health was to be monitored more closely. Id. ¶ 36. This change in status resulted from his
expression of delusional thinking and concern for his safety in the special management unit
(SMU). Id.
On March 12, 2014, Mann completed a crisis treatment plan for plaintiff’s mental health
watch. Id. ¶ 37. She wrote that LeBaron was “beat up in a fight” two nights earlier, and that he felt
despairing, unsafe, and “physically and emotionally dying.” Id. Plaintiff was noted as having a
history of suicidal behavior, and he expressed belief in delusions that he was very sick and that the
DOC was conspiring to cover his illness. Id. LeBaron believed that he had lost two quarts of blood
through his penis and that he “wouldn’t mind if God sent him on a mission to war … and [he] died
honorably in battle.” Id. While plaintiff enjoyed a positive rapport with Mann, historically he was
paranoid with other medical and mental health staff. Id. Mann placed plaintiff on a mental health
watch so he would be monitored until the next morning when a psychiatrist could evaluate him for
an 18(a) admission6 to Bridgewater State Hospital (BSH), a psychiatric care facility controlled by
the DOC. Id.

6

An 18(a) admission refers to a Massachusetts statute which provides, in relevant part:

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Mann completed an 18(a) Referral for LeBaron on March 12, 2014. (#184 ¶ 39.) The stated
reasons for the referral were that plaintiff :
appears to have decompensated significantly with the past few weeks with
increasingly bizarre beliefs and delusions. He appears unable to function within
population or SMU, unable to keep himself safe. . . . [He] has had long-standing
ideas about his physical ailments since 2010 that seem to have dramatically
exacerbated within the past few weeks with persistent fixed delusions worsening.
Id. After reiterating that plaintiff appeared to be quickly decompensating, delusional and
despairing, Mann requested that the BSH treatment team address the following questions: 1. Is the
inmate presenting with a delusional disorder? 2. Would medication be helpful? 3. What treatment
recommendations would the team make? 4. How can this inmate be helped to cope with prison
life? Id.
LeBaron was seen by Jeffrey Vanderyacht, LMHC, before his transfer to BSH on March
13, 2014. Id. ¶ 40. Plaintiff expressed the belief that he had a serious disease but that the medical
staff was covering it up, deliberately destroying evidence and inciting other inmates to harass him.
Id. Vanderyacht recorded that plaintiff wanted to go into population where he was likely to be
assaulted, stating “I’m willing to sacrifice myself for a noble cause . . . I’d rather be beaten to a
bloody pulp than deteriorate slowly.” Id. Vanderyacht determined LeBaron should be referred for

If the person in charge of any place of detention within the commonwealth has reason to
believe that a person confined therein is in need of hospitalization by reason of mental
illness . . . at the Bridgewater state hospital, he shall cause such prisoner to be examined
at such place of detention by a physician or psychologist, designated by the department as
qualified to perform such examination. Said physician or psychologist shall report the
results of the examination to the district court which has jurisdiction over the place of
detention. . . . Such report shall include an opinion, with reasons therefore, as to whether
such hospitalization is actually required. The court which receives such report may order
the prisoner to be taken . . . to the Bridgewater state hospital to be received for examination
and observation for a period not to exceed thirty days.
Mass. Gen. L. c. 123, § 18(a); (#184 ¶ 38.).

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psychiatric evaluation to be considered for an 18(a) transfer for evaluation and inpatient treatment.
Id.
On March 13, 2014, Dr. James Thompson evaluated plaintiff pursuant to Mass. Gen. L. c.
123 § 18(a) for transfer to BSH. Id. ¶ 41. In conducting this evaluation, Dr. Thompson reviewed
plaintiff’s medical records, spoke with Vanderyacht and interviewed LeBaron. Id. Dr. Thompson
related that in support of his alleged severe kidney infection, plaintiff had recently presented health
services staff with a urine cup he claimed was filled with bloody urine, but analysis revealed it
contained neither blood nor urine. Id. Plaintiff then presented a specimen he claimed was part of
his liver or a clot, but it was neither. Id. Dr. Thompson noted LeBaron’s history of paranoid
delusions as well as his belief that there was a conspiracy to ignore his medical problems when
there was no concrete evidence of a medical problem. Id. Plaintiff presented with these somatic
complaints and increased agitation. Id.
LeBaron had been placed in SMU after a fight with a friend over a typewriter ribbon, and
he had decompensated further. Id. Dr. Thompson noted that plaintiff had stated he planned to put
himself in a situation with other inmates where he could get harmed or killed. Id. During his
interview, plaintiff had noticeable psychomotor agitation, he was tangential in his thought patterns,
and his judgment and insight were impaired. Id.
Dr. Thompson agreed with the previous diagnosis of delusional disorder and PTSD. Id. He
opined that plaintiff could not be managed in his current setting at MCI-Shirley, and that he should
be transferred to BSH for evaluation and treatment. Id.
Jean Berggren, M.D., is the Director of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health for Centurion,
LLC. (#184, Exh. B ¶ 1.) Dr. Berggren is board certified in psychiatry, and is familiar with the
practice of psychiatry in the penal setting, having worked for the contracted medical and mental

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health provider for the Vermont Department of Corrections as the Director of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Health since 2015. Id., Exh. B ¶¶ 1-2. Dr. Berggren reviewed and was familiar with
plaintiff’s medical and mental health records from February 15, 2014 to April 4, 2014. Id., Exh. B
¶ 3. In Dr. Berggren’s clinical opinion:
The mental health providers at MCI-Shirley provided [plaintiff] with the care
clinically indicated for his conditions and were not deliberately indifferent to
[plaintiff’s] serious medical needs. After reviewing the documents Dr. Thompson
relied upon in making his 18(a) evaluation, Dr. Thompson properly referred
[plaintiff] for further psychiatric care at BSH. [Plaintiff] received appropriate and
adequate care from the mental health staff at MCI-Shirley from February 15, 2014
to March 13, 2014.
Id., Exh. B ¶ 17.
D. Bridgewater State Hospital.
On March 13, 2014, LeBaron was transferred to BSH pursuant to Mass. Gen. L. c. 123 §
18(a). Id. ¶ 43. The Admission Note authored by Brittany Irwin, LCSW, reflects that Vanderyacht
called her at BSH before plaintiff was transferred to report clinical issues. Id. In addition to
reviewing plaintiff’s recent mental health issues, Irwin noted that plaintiff had a provisional
diagnosis7 of delusional disorder and PTSD. Id.
Plaintiff was evaluated by Dr. Christopher Myers upon admission to BSH on March 13,
2014. Id. ¶ 44. According to Dr. Myers, plaintiff told him that he had urinated two quarts of blood
and large chunks of what looked to be pieces of his liver, and that this “evidence” had been
discarded. Id. Plaintiff presented as unstable, hyperactive and paranoid with limited
insight/judgment. Id. He had a rapid rate of speech and a tangential thought process. Id. He
appeared agitated; presented as emotionally labile; and was noted to have thought disorganization

7

“A provisional diagnosis is one to which the clinician is not yet committed and needs more information
to confirm.” (#184, Exh. B ¶ 18.)

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and somatic delusions. Id. Dr. Myers deemed plaintiff to be an imminent risk of serious harm to
others. Id.
Plaintiff was held in seclusion throughout the night of March 13, 2014, into the morning
of March 14, 2014. Id. ¶ 45. At three different times during the night and early morning hours,
medical staff attempted to assess him, but he was sleeping. Id. ¶¶ 46-48. At 8:10 a.m. on March
14, 2014, Dr. Andrey Gagarin was able to evaluation LeBaron. Id. ¶ 49. He communicated in an
angry, hyperverbal manner and was visibly disturbed. Id. Plaintiff believed he had multiple injuries
and no one cared. Id. He was viewed as suffering from continued distress and agitation surrounding
his delusional beliefs. Id. Dr. Gagarin found plaintiff was at substantial risk of committing serious
physical assault and serious destructive behavior. Id. The doctor prescribed an intramuscular
injection of Haldol and Benadryl, and approved the use of four point restraints to facilitate the
administration of emergency involuntary treatment for LeBaron. Id. ¶ 50.
After being placed in restraints, plaintiff was checked by a nurse, was administered the
medication fifteen minutes later, and was monitored by a mental health worker throughout the
process. Id. He was released from the restraints immediately after the injections; he was in the
restraints for a total of seventeen minutes. Id. Plaintiff continued to be monitored by the nursing
staff. Id. ¶ 51.
At 2:00 p.m. on March 14, 2014, plaintiff was again examined by Dr. Gagarin. Id. He was
described as calm, cooperative and apologetic. Id. The doctor concluded he had improved
sufficiently to be released from seclusion. Id. Although Dr. Gagarin ordered Risperidone at bed
time that evening, plaintiff refused the medication and he was not forced to take it. Id. ¶ 52.
In Dr. Berggren’s clinical opinion,

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[A]t 8:00 AM on March 13, 2014,8 [plaintiff] required emergency psychiatric
medication to prevent immediate and substantial deterioration in his medical
condition. [Plaintiff] presented as an imminent risk of serious harm to others, and
presented with a serious threat of extreme violence and personal injury. . . .
Dr. Gagarin acted appropriately in administering emergency medication for
[plaintiff] given that [plaintiff] had been experiencing delusional beliefs prior to
admission to BSH, his distress had been escalating to the extent that he required
admission to BSH and was placed in seclusion, and given the risk of continued and
possibly irreversible decline in his symptoms and mental illness. . . . Plaintiff was
unable to make informed medical decisions on his own behalf. Dr. Gagarin
provided [plaintiff] with the care clinically indicated for his condition and was not
deliberately indifferent to [plaintiff’s] serious medical needs.
Id. ¶¶ 54, 55.
On April 10, 2014, LeBaron was transferred from BSH to MCI-Shirley. Id. ¶ 56. That same
day Louder completed a mental status update on plaintiff, noting that he stated he was on a fast.
Id. ¶ 57. On April 15, 2014, plaintiff was transferred to OCCC. Id. ¶ 58.
E. Old Colony Correctional Center.
On the day he arrived at OCCC, plaintiff was interviewed by Joseph Zimakas, LICSW. Id
¶ 58. LeBaron stated that he did not need mental health services and requested that his case be
closed. Id. Zimakas detailed the process by which a mental health case was closed, and plaintiff
indicated his understanding. Id. LeBaron’s mental health case remained open. Id. The following
day plaintiff submitted a sick call request form wherein he wrote, “Very eager to meet with the
MH worker appointed to help me work towards closing this ‘open mental health case.’” (#184,
Exh. C at 007.)
On April 23, 2014, plaintiff submitted a sick call request form about closing his mental
health case so he could be transferred to MCI-Norfolk where there was a synagogue. (#184 ¶ 60.)
Two days later he met with Vanessa Martino-Fleming, LMHC, who explained the case closure

8

This date is incorrect. The medical records reflect that the date was March 14, 2014. See #184, Exh. B,
Exh.1 at 039.

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protocol and suggested plaintiff follow up with his primary care clinician. Id. LeBaron submitted
a sick call request form on May 9, 2014, stating that he had yet to see the clinician doctor about
closing his mental health case. Id. ¶ 62.
On May 12, 2014, plaintiff met with Joseph Toomey, Ph.D., who explained the health
services available at OCCC. Id. ¶ 63. Dr. Toomey told plaintiff he would discuss the status of his
mental health case with the mental health director and psychiatry so as “to make an informed
decision regarding [plaintiff’s] need for mental health services.” Id. Dr. Toomey drafted an initial
treatment plan for LeBaron on May 29, 2014. Id. ¶ 64. His primary diagnosis was adjustment
disorder with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct. Id. The doctor indicated that he planned
to meet with plaintiff every thirty days, and set a target date of July 23, 2014, for resolution. Id. In
the interim, plaintiff’s status would be monitored by the mental health team in order to assess his
adjustment and need for services. Id.
On June 3, 2014, plaintiff wrote a letter to Dr. Toomey stating he would like to meet with
a psychiatrist so his mental health case could be closed and he could be transferred to MCI-Norfolk
where he would have access to typewriters and a law library. Id. ¶ 65. On June 9, 2014, Dr. Toomey
met with plaintiff for their monthly appointment and gave him a copy of the initial treatment plan.
Id. ¶ 66. While plaintiff understood the mental health staff’s obligation to monitor him, he
disagreed that he suffered from any mental illness. Id. Dr. Toomey planned to follow up with
psychiatry and to continue to monitor plaintiff. Id.
Plaintiff met with a psychiatrist, Dr. Keelin Garvey, on June 23, 2014. Id. ¶ 67. Dr. Garvey
noted LeBaron’s diagnosis of adjustment disorder at BSH which he thought was not clearly
supported, and antisocial personality disorder, which he thought was accurate. Id. Dr. Garvey was
also concerned about possible delusional disorder. Id. Dr. Garvey planned to gather more

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information to evaluate and clarify the diagnosis; in his opinion, closure of plaintiff’s mental health
case was not appropriate at that time. Id. LeBaron submitted a sick call request form on June 23,
2017, requesting the official reason why he had an open mental health case. Id. ¶ 68. Three days
later plaintiff submitted another sick call request form in which he stated he would be observing a
complete religious fast until his mental health case was closed. Id. ¶ 69.
Plaintiff attended his monthly appointment with Dr. Toomey on July 1, 2017. Id. ¶ 70.
LeBaron was frustrated that his mental health case was still open, but Dr. Toomey told him that
the mental health team had concerns about the circumstances that led to his transfer to OCCC and
they would continue to monitor him. Id. On July 12, 2014, Zimakas, the social worker, drafted a
mental status update on plaintiff due to a hunger strike, which plaintiff described as a religious
fast. Id. ¶ 71. Three days later on July 15, 2017, Zimakas drafted another mental status update on
plaintiff who had broken his fast because he did not want to “lock horns” with the DOC. Id. ¶ 72.
On July 18, 2014, Dr. Toomey met with plaintiff in segregation. Id. ¶ 73. After being
presented with his diagnosis, plaintiff became agitated and used profanities. Id. When LeBaron
did not allow Dr. Toomey to speak, the doctor terminated the contact. Id. That same day plaintiff
drafted a letter to Dr. Toomey using profanities and denigrating the mental health staff at OCCC.
Id. ¶ 74. He accused the mental health staff of creating fake labels for him, stating he would
overreact just as they said he did. Id. Plaintiff also submitted a sick call request form demanding a
list of the specific actions he took to justify a “non-specific” diagnosis of personality disorder. Id.
¶ 75.
Dr. Toomey met with plaintiff in segregation on July 24, 2014. Id. ¶ 76. LeBaron accused
the doctor of “raping” him with a manufactured diagnosis, and that the mental health team had
worked together to deny him the right to practice his religion. Id. Plaintiff wanted his case closed,

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threatened to sue, and stated he would no longer speak with the mental health staff. Id. Dr. Toomey
advised that because he engaged in concerning behaviors, it was difficult to assess the propriety of
adjusting his mental health status. Id. Dr. Toomey planned to meet with plaintiff again, and the
plaintiff could refuse to speak if he so chose. Id.
On July 31, 2014, Dr. Toomey attempted to meet with plaintiff in segregation, but plaintiff
would only say, “I’m all set.” Id. ¶ 77. The doctor planned to meet with plaintiff again on August
8, 2014, if he was still in segregation, or otherwise in thirty days. Id. Zimakas offered LeBaron
mental health services in his cell in segregation on August 8, 2014, which plaintiff refused, telling
Zimakas that he could “take his ‘psychology’ and ‘opinions’ and ‘shove them up [his] ass.’” Id.
According to plaintiff, being labeled with a personality disorder was insulting to his religion, and
that he would sue Zimaskas for offering mental health contacts in segregation. Id ¶ 78. When Dr.
Toomey attempted to meet with LeBaron in segregation on August 12, 2014, plaintiff waived his
hand and continued reading with no further response. Id ¶ 80. When Zimakas knocked on
plaintiff’s cell in segregation to offer mental health services on August 22, 2014, plaintiff was
lying on his mattress reading and did not respond in any way. Id. On August 26, 2014, plaintiff
was transferred to MCI-Norfolk. Id. ¶ 81.
F. Miscellaneous Facts.
In his answers to interrogatories, plaintiff stated that from January 1, 2014, through the
time he supplemented his responses, he practiced “Messianic Judaism from the perspective of my
church, CFB, by local halachah (religious law) of CVB.” Id., Exh. D at 23. The CFB, or Church
of the Firstborn Kahal Hab’cor, was incorporated by LeBaron on November 7, 2014, after plaintiff
left OCCC. Id. ¶ 88. According to LeBaron, in his “official capacity as President, Corporation Sole
and Chief Judge of CFB’s Beit Din (religious court),” his “spoken or written word . . . is religious

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law and is a final judgment based on jurisdiction over [himself] as to all spiritual matters.” Id.,
Exh. D at 23. While incarcerated, plaintiff practiced Messianic Judaism by participating in
“[l]iturgical prayers with Hebrew text, personal prayers, personal Bible study, Shabbat observance
with outside volunteer . . . , kosher diet observance, [and] reading Messianic publications when
available.” Id., Exh. D at 25.
Dr. Thompson had not examined plaintiff prior to his treatment on March 13, 2014. Id. ¶
84. Plaintiff claims Dr. Thompson sent him to BSH by inventing “blatant lies” to justify the
transfer. Id. ¶ 82.
III. Summary Judgment Standard.
The purpose of summary judgment is “to pierce the boilerplate of the pleadings and assay
the parties’ proof in order to determine whether trial is actually required.” Rojas-Ithier v. Sociedad
Espanola de Auxilio Mutuo y Beneficiencia de Puerto Rico, 394 F.3d 40, 42 (1st Cir. 2005)
(internal quotation and citation omitted). When considering a motion for summary judgment, “a
court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any
material fact and the movant is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
The moving party bears the initial burden of asserting the absence of a genuine issue of material
fact and “support[ing] that assertion by affidavits, admissions, or other materials of evidentiary
quality.” Mulvihill v. Top-Flite Golf Co., 335 F.3d 15, 19 (1st Cir. 2003) (citations omitted). “Once
the moving party avers the absence of genuine issues of material fact, the non-movant must show
that a factual dispute does exist, but summary judgment cannot be defeated by relying on
improbable inferences, conclusory allegations, or rank speculation.” Fontánez-Núñez v. Janssen
Ortho LLC, 447 F.3d 50, 54-55 (1st Cir. 2006) (internal quotation and citation omitted).

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In determining whether summary judgment is proper, “a court must view the record in the
light most favorable to the nonmoving party and give that party the benefit of all reasonable
inferences in its favor.” Clifford v. Barnhart, 449 F.3d 276, 280 (1st Cir. 2006). Rule 56 “mandates
the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party
who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that
party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,
477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). “‘Where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of
fact to find for the nonmoving party, there is no genuine issue for trial.’” Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S.
372, 380 (2007) (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 58687 (1986) (quotation omitted)).
IV. Discussion.
A. Federal Claims.
1. Count One – Retaliation.
In Count One, an omnibus claim for retaliation against plaintiff for exercising his
constitutional rights, actionable under § 1983, is alleged. The elements of the claim are
straightforward: “[I]n order to survive summary judgment on a retaliation claim, a prisoner must
make out a prima facie case by adducing facts sufficient to show that he engaged in a protected
activity, that the state took an adverse action against him, and that there is a causal link between
the former and the latter.” Hannon v. Beard, 645 F.3d 45, 48 (1st Cir. 2011) (internal quotation
marks and citation omitted); Hudson v. MacEachern, 94 F. Supp. 3d 59, 68 (D. Mass. 2015). With
respect to causation, “a prisoner must prove that the [adverse] action would not have been taken
‘but for’ the alleged improper reason.” L’Heureux v. Whitman, 125 F.3d 841, 1997 WL 639324,
at *1 (1st Cir. 1997) (per curiam) (unpublished opinion). Further, the First Circuit has emphasized

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that “because running a prison system is a difficult enterprise and because prisoner claims of
retaliation are easily fabricated and pose a substantial risk of unwarranted judicial intrusion into
matters of general prison administration, such claims must be based on facts, not on gossamer
strands of speculation and surmise.” LeBaron v. Spencer, 527 F. App’x 25, 32 (1st Cir. 2013)
(internal citations and quotation marks omitted).
a. Defendants Dr. Thompson and Gillis.
Dr. Thompson is alleged to have taken adverse action against plaintiff, i.e., sending him to
BSH without justification, for having filed “his 3/4/2014 religious and medical lawsuit.” (#1-2 ¶
154.) Gillis is said to have conspired with Dr. Thompson to refuse to process any grievances
LeBaron filed.9 Id.
After reviewing LeBaron’s relevant medical and mental health records, Dr. Berggren
opined that Dr. Thompson “properly referred [plaintiff] for further psychiatric care at BSH.”
(#184, Exh. B ¶ 4.) This expert medical opinion is unrefuted. With respect to Gillis, the record
shows that she responded to the grievance she received from plaintiff, in which he complained he
was urinating blood and clots.
Even assuming that actions taken by these defendants were adverse, plaintiff has proffered
no facts or evidence to suggest that Dr. Thompson or Gillis acted for a retaliatory purpose. There
is a disconnect between Dr. Thompson and the prior litigation: Dr. Thompson was not named as a
party in the earlier lawsuit, and there is no evidence that Dr. Thompson’s actions were motivated
in any way by that litigation. While Gillis was a party in the previous suit, there is no evidence or

9

The filing of lawsuits and grievances constitutes protected activity. Hannon, 645 F.3d at 48; Tibbs v.
Samuels, No. CV 13-11095-DJC, 2017 WL 1164484, at *4 (D. Mass. Mar. 28, 2017).

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supportable inference that she refused to process grievances on account of that litigation. No facts
have been submitted to support a conspiracy between Dr. Thompson and Gillis.
In the absence of any evidence of retaliatory intent, causation or conspiracy, summary
judgment should enter in favor of defendants Dr. Thompson and Gillis on Count One.
b. Unknown BSH Defendants.
In the complaint, plaintiff contends that when he asserted his legal right to refuse drugs,
the unknown BSH defendants “drastically increased the dosage and forcibly injected plaintiff, and
a couple of hours later forced him to take another pill.”10 (#1-2 ¶ 155.)
The claim against the unknown BSH defendants should be dismissed. There is no evidence
that anyone forced medications on plaintiff for other than legitimate medical reasons. Dr. Berggren
has opined that the personnel at BSH administered appropriate emergency psychiatric medication
to arrest LeBaron’s deteriorating condition. This expert opinion stands unrebutted; there is no
evidence of retaliatory intent by anyone at BSH.
The unknown BSH defendants are entitled to the entry of summary judgment in their favor
on Count One.
c. Defendants Toomey and Zimakas.
Plaintiff claims that when he asserted his First Amendment right to refuse psychological
treatment,11 defendants Toomey and Zimakas increased “their harassments and the frequency of
their unwanted visits” in retaliation. (#1-2 ¶ 156.)

10

Contrary to plaintiff’s allegation, the medical record is clear that the only involuntary medications given
plaintiff were the injections of Haldol and Benadryl on a single occasion. When LeBaron refused to take
Risperidone, it was not forced on him.

11

For purposes of this claim, the court will assume, without deciding, that plaintiff had a First Amendment
right to refuse psychological treatment.

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Nothing Toomey or Zimakas did prevented plaintiff from refusing treatment. In fact, the
record shows that when these defendants attempted to meet with plaintiff in segregation to offer
mental health services, he either declined treatment, said he was all set, or did not respond at all.
Defendants’ actions were not adverse. Offering mental health services, as they were contracted to
do, does not constitute an adverse action. There are no facts to suggest that Toomey or Zimakas
were doing anything more than performing their duties as mental health personnel; there is no
evidence of retaliation.
Summary judgment should enter for defendants Toomey and Zimakas on Count One.
d. Defendants Caratazzola and Albohn.
According to plaintiff, defendants Caratozzola and Albohn retaliated against him by
refusing to process his grievances so as to impede his access to the courts. (#1-2 ¶¶ 157-58.) There
is no evidence that LeBaron’s grievances were not processed. To the contrary, the record shows
that defendant Caratazzola processed, and responded to, five of plaintiff’s grievances while he was
housed at OCCC in 2014. In the same year, as MPCH’s Grievance and Appeal Coordinator,
Albohn processed, and responded to, eleven grievances appealed by plaintiff. In the absence of
proof that defendants Caratozzola and Albohn took any adverse action against him by refusing to
process his grievances, his retaliation claim must fail.12
Summary judgment should enter for defendants Caratozzola and Albohn on Count One.
2. Count Two – Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA)
and First Amendment.
In Count Two, LeBaron alleges violations of RLUIPA, and First Amendment violations
relating to his free exercise of religion. Plaintiff contends that “Dr. Thompson imposed a
substantial burden on plaintiff’s exercise of his religion” by using “a phony mental label of

12

As this lawsuit makes clear, plaintiff has exercised his constitutional right to access the court.

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‘somatic delusions’ to have him transferred to BSH to be injected with drugs by force and to be
coerced to take drugs.” (#1-2 ¶ 161.) LeBaron claims that “Unknown BSH Persons imposed a
substantial burden on plaintiff’s exercise of his religious belief that he should never take ‘mental
health’ drugs.” Id. ¶ 162. Finally, it is alleged that “[d]efendants Norcliffe, Garvey, Toomey,
Zimakas, Albohn and Caratazzola imposed a substantial burden on plaintiff’s religious belief that
he should never speak to ‘mental health’ persons.” Id. ¶ 164.
a. RLUIPA.13
In part, RLUIPA provides:
No government shall impose a substantial burden on the religious exercise
of a person residing in or confined to an institution . . . even if the burden results
from a rule of general applicability, unless the government demonstrates that
imposition of the burden on that person –
(1) is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and
(2) is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental
interest.
42 U.S.C. § 2000cc–1(a)(1)-(2). Section 3 of RLUIPA applies whenever “the substantial burden
on religious exercise is imposed in a program or activity that receives federal financial assistance.”
42 U.S.C. § 2000cc–1(b)(1); Kuperman v. Wrenn, 645 F.3d 69, 79 (1st Cir. 2011).14 To make out
a claim, “a RLUIPA plaintiff bears the burden of demonstrating that he or she wishes to engage in

13

There may be no relief available to plaintiff under his RLUIPA claim because he is no longer incarcerated.
Although the First Circuit has yet to address the issue, two district judges in Massachusetts have held “that
state immunity limits plaintiffs to injunctive relief only under RLUIPA.” Hudson v. Spencer, 180 F. Supp.
3d 70, 78 (D. Mass. 2015); see also Cryer v. Spencer, 934 F. Supp. 2d 323, 334 (D. Mass. 2013) (“In the
absence of First Circuit directives on this issue, this Court aligns itself with the majority of appellate courts
holding RLUIPA does not provide for monetary damages against defendants in their individual capacities,
as the bases for that conclusion are sound.”). This court will nevertheless in the interest of completeness
analyze the claim. LeBaron’s prayers to enjoin the defendants from taking actions against him, i.e.,
“[e]njoin any MPCH ‘mental health’ dept. employee or anyone else in the ‘field’ of ‘mental health’ from
forcibly injecting plaintiff with any drugs” (#1-2 at 38), are moot.
14

MPCH defendants contend that RLUIPA is inapplicable to them because, as employees of a private
company, they receive no federal funding.

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(1) a religious exercise (2) motivated by a sincerely held belief, which exercise (3) is subject to a
substantial burden imposed by the government.” LeBaron, 527 F. App’x. at
28 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted); Holt v. Hobbs, - U.S. -, 135 S. Ct. 853, 862
(2015); Spratt v. Rhode Island Dept. Of Corrections, 482 F.3d 33, 38-42 (1st Cir. 2007). By
definition, “[t]he term ‘religious exercise’ includes any exercise of religion, whether or not
compelled by, or central to, a system of religious belief.” 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000cc-5. “A ‘substantial
burden’ is defined as one in which the government puts ‘substantial pressure on an adherent to
modify his behavior and to violate his beliefs . . . .’” Cryer v. Spencer, 934 F. Supp. 2d 323, 331
(D. Mass. 2013) (quoting Thomas v. Review Bd. of Indiana Employment Sec. Division, 450 U.S.
707, 718 (1981).). The statute allows examination of the “sincerity of a prisoner's professed
religiosity.” Cutter v. Wilkinson, 544 U.S. 709, 725 n. 13 (2005).
There are no facts or expert testimony in the record to establish what constitutes the
religious belief system of Messianic Judaism, the religion plaintiff practiced when he was
incarcerated.15 While alleging that taking mental health drugs and talking with mental health
professionals is prohibited by his religion, plaintiff has proffered no evidence, such as an affidavit
from a rabbi, to show that repudiation of mental health treatment is a protected religious exercise
of Messianic Judaism. If LeBaron is claiming that the activities of the mental health professionals
treating him violated a religious law of his church, CFB, that church was not incorporated until
approximately three months after he was transferred out of OCCC. The religious law of CFB,16 to
the extent it is cognizable as religious law, is inapplicable to the events at issue in this litigation.

15

Plaintiff specifically alleges that he “was born a Mormon fundamentalist and is a believer in restored
truth of Messianic Judaism. (#1-2 ¶ 173.)
16

Plaintiff alleges that his own written and spoken word is the religious law of CFB. LeBaron’s “purely
subjective ideas of what his religion requires will not suffice.” Guzzi v. Thompson, 470 F. Supp. 2d 17, 26
(D. Mass. 2007), vacated and remanded on other grounds, No. 07-1537, 2008 WL 2059321 (1st Cir. May

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Plaintiff also has failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact regarding whether his belief
was sincerely held. The record reflects that he met with, and spoke to, mental health professionals
until July 18, 2014, when he received a diagnosis from Dr. Toomey which he found insulting.17 It
was only after July 18, 2014, that plaintiff stated he would no longer speak to members of the
mental health staff and objected to their interaction with him.
LeBaron has not proffered any evidence that his religious exercise was substantially
burdened, but, even assuming he had, the defendants have demonstrated that the provision of
mental health services “(1) [was] in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and (2)
[was] the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.” Holt, 135
S. Ct. at 863; Spratt, 482 F.3d at 38. MPCH was contractually obligated to provide medical and
mental health services to inmates in the custody of the DOC. A medical expert has opined, without
contradiction, that Dr. Thompson acted appropriately in referring plaintiff to BSH for further
psychiatric care when his deteriorating mental condition could not be managed properly at MCIShirley. The forced injection of emergency psychiatric medication at BSH was necessary to avoid
further deterioration, or an irreversible decline, in plaintiff’s mental condition. It is uncontroverted
that LeBaron “presented as an imminent risk of serious harm to others, and presented with a serious
threat of extreme violence and personal injury.” (#184 ¶ 554.)
There can be no doubt that “prison security is a compelling state interest, and that deference
is due to institutional officials’ expertise in this area.” Spratt, 482 F.3d at 39 (quoting Cutter, 544
U.S. at 725 n.13.). Defendants acted in response to LeBaron’s declining mental status, which posed

14, 2008) (citing Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205, 215–15 (1972) (recognizing for purposes of a First
Amendment inquiry that individuals are not free to define religious beliefs solely based upon individual
preference).).
17

LeBaron submitted at least two sick call request forms seeking to meet with mental health professionals.

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an imminent risk to himself and others. Their actions were in furtherance of a compelling
penological interest: the physical safety of plaintiff, staff and other inmates. Moving plaintiff to a
secure environment and administering emergency psychiatric drugs via injection was “clinically
indicated for his condition,” (#184 ¶ 55), and the least restrictive way to address a burgeoning
mental health crisis.
The record shows that defendants did not force mental health sessions or discussions on
plaintiff. Again, MPCH personnel were under contract to provide mental health services, and
plaintiff had an open mental health case. They had a strong interest in monitoring the status of
LeBaron’s mental health so as to avoid a downward spiral and potential threat of violence. When
mental health staffers visited plaintiff and he refused treatment, the mental health workers did not
try to engage him against his will. Had the mental health providers not offered services to plaintiff
when he had an open mental health case, they would have run afoul of the constitution. See Estelle
v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 103 (1976) (“elementary [Eighth Amendment] principles establish the
government’s obligation to provide medical care for those whom it is punishing by incarceration.
An inmate must rely on prison authorities to treat his medical needs; if the authorities fail to do so,
those needs will not be met.”).
Summary judgment should enter for defendants on the RLUIPA claim in Count Two.
b. First Amendment.
The Supreme Court has long held that:
Inmates clearly retain protections afforded by the First Amendment including its
directive that no law shall prohibit the free exercise of religion. Second, lawful
incarceration brings about the necessary withdrawal or limitation of many
privileges and rights, a retraction justified by the considerations underlying our
penal system. The limitations on the exercise of constitutional rights arise both from
the fact of incarceration and from valid penological objectives-including deterrence
of crime, rehabilitation of prisoners, and institutional security.

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O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342, 348 (1987) (internal citations, quotation marks and
alterations omitted). As with the RLUIPA claim, plaintiff has not stated any material facts in
dispute on the issue of whether his free exercise of a sincerely held religious belief has been
constrained. See Brown-El v. Harris, 26 F.3d 68, 69 (8th Cir. 1994) (“In a claim arising under the
First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause, an inmate must first establish that a challenged policy
restricts the inmate’s free exercise of a sincerely held religious belief.”); Daly v. Davis, No. 082046, 2009 WL 773880 (7th Cir. Mar. 25, 2009); Shaheed-Muhammad v. Dipaolo, 393 F. Supp.
2d 80, 90 (D. Mass. 2005). Even if he had, as explained above, defendants have established that
they furthered a compelling interest in institutional security by providing medical and mental
health care services to plaintiff in the least restrictive way. Daly, 2009 WL 773880, at *2. For the
reasons set out in the RLUIPA analysis, defendants’ actions were reasonably related to legitimate
DOC interests. See Hudson v. Spencer, 180 F. Supp. 3d 70, 83–84 (D. Mass. 2015).18
Summary judgment should enter for defendants on the First Amendment claim in Count
Two.
3. Count Three - Section 1983.19
In Count Three, plaintiff claims that defendants violated his rights under the Fourteenth,
Fifth, First and Eighth Amendments.
a. Fourteenth Amendment.

18

Since no prison regulation is at issue in this case, there is no need to examine the factors laid out in Turner
v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89-90 (1978); Kuperman v. Wrenn, 645 F.3d 69, 74 (1st Cir. 2011) (“The factors
relevant in deciding the regulation’s constitutionality are: (1) whether there is a valid, rational connection
between the regulation and the legitimate government interest put forward to justify it; (2) whether
alternative means to exercise the right exist; (3) the impact that accommodating the right will have on prison
resources; and (4) the absence of alternatives to the prison regulation.”).
19

Plaintiff’s state law claims under the Massachusetts Civil Rights Act (MCRA) are addressed separately.

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Defendants are said to have violated plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment rights (1) to refuse
forced injections of antipsychotic drugs, to be free from restraints, and to have informed consent
before the forcible injection; (2) to refuse mental health therapy and to avoid fraudulent mental
labels; and (3) to be free from transfer to BSH in non-emergency situations. (#1-2 ¶¶ 168, 170.)
The Supreme Court has held “that, given the requirements of the prison environment, the
Due Process Clause permits the State to treat a prison inmate who has a serious mental illness with
antipsychotic drugs against his will, if the inmate is dangerous to himself or others and the
treatment is in the inmate’s medical interest.” Washington v. Harper, 494 U.S. 210, 227 (1990).
Here, Dr. Berggren’s affidavit establishes that those criteria have been met.
In his clinical opinion, Dr. Berggren states that Dr. Thompson “properly referred [plaintiff]
for further psychiatric care at [BSH].” (#184, Exh. B ¶ 17.) At BSH, plaintiff “required emergency
psychiatric medication to prevent immediate and substantial deterioration in his medical condition.
. . . [as he] presented as an imminent risk of serious harm to others, and presented with a serious
threat of extreme violence and personal injury . . . .” (#184 ¶ 54.) The use of four-point restraints
were approved by Dr. Gagarin to facilitate the administration of emergency involuntary treatment;
LeBaron was in restraints for a total of seventeen minutes, during which time he was monitored
by medical staff. In Dr. Berggren’s opinion, Dr. Gagarin “acted appropriately in administering
emergency medication” given plaintiff’s deteriorating medical condition. (#184 ¶¶ 54, 55.) The
DOC had a legitimate penological interest in having plaintiff diagnosed and treated for his own
safety, and to ensure the safety of other inmates and staff.
Plaintiff has failed to raise a genuine issue of material fact on any alleged violation of his
Fourteenth Amendment rights.
b. Fifth Amendment.

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There can be no Fifth Amendment violation because the defendants are not federal actors.
See Martinez-Rivera v. Sanchez Ramos, 498 F.3d 3, 8 (1st Cir. 2007) (“The Fifth Amendment Due
Process Clause, however, applies ‘only to actions of the federal government—not to those of state
or local governments.’”) (quoting Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 687 (9th Cir. 2001));
Brown v. Lucas, No. CV 16-10977-GAO, 2017 WL 1227921, at *2 (D. Mass. Mar. 31, 2017).
c. First Amendment.
This claim is essentially a rehash of other claims, i.e., that the defendants violated
plaintiff’s right to file grievances and lawsuits, and interfered with his right to exercise his religion.
As noted previously, plaintiff has proffered no evidence to show that defendants infringed his First
Amendment rights by impeding his ability to file grievances or access the courts. To the extent it
is contended that the forcible injection of antipsychotic medications interfered with plaintiff’s
exercise of free thought, LeBaron has offered nothing to contradict defendants’ showing that his
medical treatment was appropriate, and the emergency administration of drugs at BSH was
medically necessary.
d. Eighth Amendment.
Plaintiff essentially alleges that defendants were deliberately indifferent to his medical
needs because they failed to give a “proper medical diagnosis and treatment without interference
by fraudulent labels intended to contradict scientific facts of his urinating blood and blood clots.”
(#1-2 ¶ 170 (11).)
The First Circuit has stated that: “[T]o prove an Eighth Amendment violation, a prisoner
must satisfy both of two prongs: (1) an objective prong that requires proof of a serious medical
need, and (2) a subjective prong that mandates a showing of prison administrators’ deliberate
indifference to that need.” Kosilek v. Spencer, 774 F.3d 63, 82 (1st Cir. 2014); Knox v.

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Massachusetts Dep’t of Correction, No. CV 14-12457-LTS, 2017 WL 3401443, at *16 (D. Mass.
Aug. 8, 2017). A serious medical need is “‘one that has been diagnosed by a physician as
mandating treatment, or one that is so obvious that even a lay person would easily recognize the
necessity for a doctor’s attention.’” Kosilek, 774 F.3d at 82 (quoting Gaudreault v. Municipality
of Salem, Mass., 923 F.2d 203, 208 (1st Cir.1990)).
Here, plaintiff has failed to establish either of the two prongs. The treatment notes show
that LeBaron complained about urinating blood and clots in February of 2014, but the urinalysis
performed showed no evidence of blood or any other irregularities. Plaintiff then produced a
sample of purple colored liquid that he claimed was urine, but when tested, was negative for blood.
A urinalysis done on March 4, 2014, came back positive for blood in plaintiff’s urine, but negative
for any other abnormalities. The next day LeBaron met with the doctor, who scheduled plaintiff to
have his blood and urine retested with a follow-up two weeks later. The record does not support a
finding that plaintiff had a serious medical need. A doctor took a conservative approach, ordering
that plaintiff’s blood and urine be retested before determining what course of treatment, if any,
need be taken.
Similarly, the record shows that medical staff responded to plaintiff’s sick call request
forms. Dr. Berggren has opined that “[t]he mental health providers at MCI-Shirley provided
[plaintiff] with the care clinically indicated for his conditions and were not deliberately indifferent
to [plaintiff’s] serious medical needs.” (#184, Exh. B ¶ 17.) Apart from his bald assertions that he
had medical problems that were being ignored and that he was being labelled with a manufactured
mental health diagnosis, plaintiff has supplied no facts to show that medical and mental health
staff were deliberately indifferent to his medical needs. LeBaron has failed to raise a triable issue
of fact on his Eighth Amendment claim.

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In sum, defendants are entitled to the entry of summary judgment in their favor on Count
Three.
4. Count Four – Section 1985.
In Count Four, plaintiff contends defendants engaged in “Title 42 U.S.C. § 1985
conspiracies to violate each of plaintiff’s rights.” (#1-2 at 29.)
Section 1985(3) prohibits two or more persons in any State or Territory from
conspiring to deprive any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the
laws. As we have explained, a claim under § 1985(3) has four elements: First, the
plaintiff must allege a conspiracy; second, he must allege a conspiratorial purpose
to deprive the plaintiff of the equal protection of the laws; third, he must identify
an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy; and finally, he must show either injury
to person or property, or a deprivation of a constitutionally protected right.
LeBaron, 527 F. App’x. at 33 (internal punctuation, quotation marks, and citations omitted).
According to LeBaron, he was born a Mormon Fundamentalist, allegedly “a hated group of
people” who, as a class, have been subjected to “historical discrimination” and so are protected
from “conspiracies formed against them on the basis of their religion.” (#1-2 ¶¶ 173-74.) The litany
of purported conspiracies is lengthy. (#1-2 ¶¶ 175-92.) The allegations, however, are vague and
conclusory. By way of example, plaintiff alleges as follows: “Each defendant conspired against
plaintiff to deny him Due Process, Equal Protection of the laws and Equal Privileges & Immunities
under the laws so they could have their way with him and punish him for asserting his rights
because they hate his religion and everything he stands for.” (#1-2 ¶ 178.)
What is missing from the complaint is sufficient factual support for the claimed
conspiracies. The First Circuit has stated, “[t]hough we are mindful that pro se complaints are to
be read generously, allegations of conspiracy must nevertheless be supported by material facts, not
merely conclusory statements.” Slotnick v. Garfinkle, 632 F.2d 163, 165–66 (1st Cir. 1980);
Hudson, 94 F. Supp. 3d at 70. Faced with a motion for summary judgment, plaintiff has produced

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no facts or evidence to establish a conspiracy, a conspiratorial purpose or an act in furtherance of
the conspiracy. “While ‘conspiracy is a matter of inference, summary judgment may still be
appropriate on a conspiracy claim where the nonmoving party rests merely on conclusory
allegations.’” LeBaron, 527 F. App’x. at 33 (quoting Estate of Bennett v. Wainwright, 548 F.3d
155, 178 (1st Cir.2008)). Here, the conclusory allegations in plaintiff’s complaint are not enough.
Summary judgment should enter for the defendants on Count Four.
B. State Claims.
1. Supplemental Jurisdiction.
Having recommended that all of the federal claims be dismissed, the question arises
whether the court should exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims.
The First Circuit has quite recently noted:
[T]he Supreme Court has instructed that ‘in the usual case in which all federal-law
claims are eliminated before trial, the balance of factors to be considered under the
pendent jurisdiction doctrine—judicial economy, convenience, fairness, and
comity—will point toward declining to exercise jurisdiction over the remaining
state-law claims.’ Carnegie–Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 n.7, 108 S.
Ct. 614, 98 L.Ed.2d 720 (1988); see also 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c)(3).
In accord with that guidance, moreover, we have held that, when all federal claims
have been dismissed, it is an abuse of discretion for a district court to retain
jurisdiction over the remaining pendent state law claims unless doing so would
serve ‘the interests of fairness, judicial economy, convenience, and comity.’ See
Desjardins v. Willard, 777 F.3d 43, 45-46 (1st Cir. 2015) (citation omitted); RiveraDíaz v. Humana Ins. of Puerto Rico, Inc., 748 F.3d 387, 392 (1st Cir. 2014). We
have also held that, under this standard, it can be an abuse of discretion—if no
federal claim remains—for a district court to retain jurisdiction over a pendent state
law claim when that state law claim presents a substantial question of state law that
is better addressed by the state courts. Desjardins, 777 F.3d at 45-46.
Wilber v. Curtis, 872 F.3d 15, 23 (1st Cir. 2017); see also Senra v. Town of Smithfield, 715 F.3d
34, 41 (1st Cir. 2013) (“[T]he termination of the foundational federal claim does not divest the
district court of power to exercise supplemental jurisdiction, but, rather, sets the stage for an

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exercise of the court's informed discretion.”) (quoting Roche v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co.,
81 F.3d 249, 256–57 (1st Cir. 1996)).
In this instance, the case has been pending for over three years and has traveled something
of a tortured path. Discovery is complete, and the motion for summary judgment has been pending
since October 2017. The issues raised by the dispositive motion at hand may readily be addressed;
no “substantial question of state law” needs to be resolved. It serves the interests of judicial
economy and the convenience of the parties for the court to exercise supplemental jurisdiction. In
short, consideration of the relevant factors warrants the exercise of the court’s discretion to retain
supplemental jurisdiction.
2. Massachusetts Civil Rights Act (MCRA).
In pertinent part, the MCRA provides:
Whenever any person or persons, whether or not acting under color of law, interfere
by threats, intimidation or coercion, or attempt to interfere by threats, intimidation
or coercion, with the exercise or enjoyment by any other person or persons of rights
secured by the constitution or laws of the United States, or of rights secured by the
constitution or laws of the commonwealth, the attorney general may bring a civil
action for injunctive or other appropriate equitable relief in order to protect the
peaceable exercise or enjoyment of the right or rights secured.
Mass. Gen. L. c. 12, § 11H. The statute additionally provides that individuals who are aggrieved
in the manner described in § 11H may bring civil actions in their own names for their own benefit.
Mass. Gen. L. c. 12, § 11I. “The MCRA is coextensive with 42 U.S.C. § 1983, except that the
Federal statute requires State action whereas its State counterpart does not, and the derogation of
secured rights must occur by threats, intimidation, or coercion.” Sietins v. Joseph, 238 F. Supp. 2d
366, 377-78 (D. Mass. 2003) (quotations and citations omitted); Nolan v. CN8, 656 F.3d 71, 76
(1st Cir. 2011); Diaz v. Devlin, 229 F. Supp. 3d 101, 112 (D. Mass. 2017).

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No discussion of the MCRA claims is required. Having determined that defendants are
entitled to summary judgment on all of the federal § 1983 claims, it follows that they are entitled
to summary judgment on the MCRA claims as well.
V. Recommendation.
For the reasons stated, I RECOMMEND that Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment
(#182) be ALLOWED.
VI. Review by District Court Judge.
The parties are hereby advised that any party who objects to this recommendation must file
specific written objections with the Clerk of this Court within 14 days of the party’s receipt of this
Report and Recommendation. The objections must specifically identify the portion of the
recommendation to which objections are made and state the basis for such objections. The parties
are further advised that the United States Court of Appeals for this Circuit has repeatedly indicated
that failure to comply with Rule 72(b), Federal Rules Civil Procedure, shall preclude further
appellate review. See Keating v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 848 F.2d 271 (1st Cir. 1988);
United States v. Emiliano Valencia-Copete, 792 F.2d 4 (1st Cir. 1986); Scott v. Schweiker, 702
F.2d 13, 14 (1st Cir. 1983); United States v. Vega, 678 F.2d 376, 378-379 (1st Cir. 1982); Park
Motor Mart, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co., 616 F.2d 603 (1st Cir. 1980); see also Thomas v. Arn, 474
U.S. 140 (1985).

/s/ M. Page Kelley
M. Page Kelley
United States Magistrate Judge

December 1, 2017

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