Jofran Sales, Inc. v. Watkins and Shepard Trucking, Inc.
Filing
43
Judge F. Dennis Saylor, IV: ORDER entered. MEMORANDUM AND ORDER re 29 MOTION to Dismiss Plaintiff's Verified Complaint and Jury Demand, or in the Alternative, to Dismiss Counts V and VI. (Maynard, Timothy)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
___________________________________________
)
JOFRAN SALES, INC.
)
)
Plaintiff,
)
)
v.
)
)
WATKINS AND SHEPARD TRUCKING, INC., )
Civil Action No.
)
16-11174-FDS
Defendant,
)
)
___________________________________________)
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER ON MOTION TO DISMISS
SAYLOR, J.
This matter arises out of a contract dispute between a wholesale furniture supplier and a
trucking and freight management company. Plaintiff Jofran Sales, Inc., has brought suit against
defendant Watkins and Shepard Trucking, Inc. In 2015, plaintiff and defendant entered into a
contract for defendant to process and store plaintiff’s furniture inventory at a warehouse in
California. Plaintiff contends that defendant failed to store inventory properly, failed to send
needed notifications and reports concerning incoming and outgoing inventory, and sent improper
invoices. The verified complaint alleges seven claims, including claims for breach of contract,
negligence, tortious interference with business relations, and violations of consumer protection
statutes under Massachusetts, Montana, and California law.
Defendant has filed a motion to dismiss on the basis of forum non conveniens, or, in the
alternative, to dismiss Counts Five and Six of the verified complaint, which allege violations of
the Massachusetts and Montana Consumer Protection Acts, respectively. For the following
reasons, defendant’s motion to dismiss will be denied in part and granted in part.
I.
Factual Background
The following facts are presented as stated in the complaint with all inferences construed
in plaintiff’s favor. In addition, the Court will consider all documents whose contents are alleged
and the authenticity no party questions as “effectively merge[d] into the pleadings.” Beddall v.
State St. Bank & Trust Co., 137 F.3d 12, 17 (1st Cir. 1998).
Plaintiff, Jofran Sales, Inc., is a wholesale seller of furniture, much of which is imported.
Defendant Watkins and Shepard Trucking, Inc. manages warehouses and ships furniture. Jofran
is based in Massachusetts, while Watkins is based in Montana.
From 2008 to 2015, Jofran received furniture cargo at the port in Tacoma, Washington.
Pursuant to a Storage Pricing Agreement between the parties, Watkins was responsible for
handling and storing the cargo when it arrived at port. Jofran’s larger customers ordered
furniture and sent their own shippers to the Watkins’s warehouse to pick it up. Watkins handled
arrangements for the pick-up, including staging the inventory, confirming scheduled pick-up
appointments, and notifying Jofran when pick-ups occurred. Watkins and Jofran had a separate
shipping contract, pursuant to which Watkins shipped inventory to smaller customers that did not
do their own pick-up. Watkins was responsible for providing Jofran with notifications and
reports about the inventory so that Jofran could know what inventory was available to sell or ship
to customers, and what was available for pick-up.
By the end of 2014, Jofran was beginning to outgrow the Washington warehouse.
Watkins suggested that Jofran move its inventory to a larger facility in southern California. In
May 2015, Watkins showed Jofran a warehouse on Beech Avenue in Fontana, California, that
Jofran determined would suit its needs. Although the warehouse was not yet set up, Watkins
confirmed that it would be ready by September 2015.
2
The parties entered into a new two-year Storage Pricing Agreement (the “2015
Agreement”), under which Watkins agreed to provide similar notifications, reports, and services
as under the old agreement, and further provided that all inventory would be placed on racks in
order to prevent damage. Jofran signed the 2015 Agreement at its offices in Norfolk,
Massachusetts. Watkins signed the Agreement at its offices in Missoula, Montana. The 2015
Agreement became effective on September 1, 2015.
Problems with the new warehouse began almost immediately. In September 2015, Jofran
began shipping inventory from the Washington warehouse to the Beech Avenue warehouse.
Contrary to the parties’ agreement, the Beech Avenue warehouse was not prepared to receive the
shipments on September 1, so the containers sat unemptied on the lot. Watkins began moving
the inventory into the warehouse during the last week of September. The late opening caused a
backlog that significantly delayed Watkins’ first shipments of Jofran’s inventory.
In October 2015, Watkins informed Jofran that it planned to move Jofran’s inventory
from the Beech Avenue warehouse to a different facility located on Hemlock Avenue in Fontana.
Jofran later learned that it was Watkins’ sole customer at the Hemlock Avenue warehouse. The
Hemlock Avenue warehouse did not contain racks to properly store the inventory, so some
furniture was damaged.
In addition to the problems with the Hemlock Avenue warehouse, Jofran had problems
receiving accurate information about the status of its inventory. In early November 2015, a
Jofran representative traveled from Massachusetts to visit the Hemlock Avenue warehouse in
order to try to resolve the notification issues. While at the warehouse, the representative
observed that Watkins lacked the necessary technology to scan inventory as it was unloaded
from containers, which prevented Jofran from receiving the reports and notifications it needed to
3
manage customer orders. She also observed that inventory was not in the proper location,
inventory was not correctly labeled, and numerous orders had not been shipped.
Jofran continued to have problems with Watkins’ inventory management, including
failure to put out orders for pick-up, failure to generate proper paperwork for orders, and failure
to ship orders. Those problems caused delays, cancellations, orders to be sent with the wrong
inventory, and orders to go missing.
Beginning in October 2015, Jofran also started having issues with the invoices issued by
Watkins. Jofran contends that Watkins backdated invoices and then claimed they were overdue;
charged fees for storage based on inflated inventory levels; and claimed that invoices had been
sent that Jofran never received. Watkins did not respond to Jofran’s repeated requests for
documentation to support what it viewed as inaccuracies in the invoices. As a result, Jofran did
not pay the invoices.
On January 8, 2016, Watkins sent Jofran a letter by e-mail at its Massachusetts office
claiming an arrearage of $250,728.33, the majority of which was more than twenty days past
due. The letter stated that, “[b]ecause of this sizable and persistent arrearage, it is clear that
Jofran has no intention of performing its obligations . . . .” The letter further stated that Watkins
considered the arrearage a “material breach” of the parties’ agreement, that it was rescinding the
agreement, and that it would not ship any Jofran inventory until the account was paid in full.
On January 11, 2016, Jofran and Watkins entered into an agreement under which Jofran
agreed to pay $150,000 and provide Watkins with an itemized list by January 22, 2016, of all
invoices that it disputed or had never received. The parties agreed to “work in good faith and
with best efforts to resolve their mutual disputes regarding the Contracts.”
Jofran wired Watkins $150,000 the following day. On January 22, it sent a letter
4
detailing the invoice issues and requesting additional information. Watkins did not respond to the
letter. Instead, on January 25, 2016, Watkins sent Jofran a letter stating that it still considered
Jofran to be in material breach, and that it would move forward with the relationship only if
Jofran agreed to a new “simplified” pricing arrangement that was more expensive than the
existing contract terms. Four days later, Jofran responded that it had sustained damages caused
by Watkins’ warehousing issues and that it would not move forward with a new arrangement
until the parties resolved the existing dispute over invoices.
On February 3, 2016, Watkins informed Jofran that it was “no longer interested in
salvaging any business relationship,” and served Jofran with a complaint that it had filed in
Montana state court two weeks earlier.
On March 8, 2016, Watkins forwarded Jofran a notice it had received that informed
Watkins that its landlord was terminating the lease on the Hemlock Avenue warehouse as of
May 8, 2016. This notice was the first indication Jofran received that the lease could be
terminated on a mere sixty days’ notice, despite the two-year term of the 2015 Agreement.
Watkins informed Jofran that it had to move its inventory out of the warehouse by May 8. Jofran
entered into a new contract with a third party to store and service its inventory beginning in May
2016. Because of the short timeframe, Jofran was at a disadvantage in negotiating terms, and the
new contract is more costly than the 2015 Agreement.
By June 2016, Jofran learned that Watkins has recently been acquired by a third-party
trucking company, Schneider National, Inc.
II.
Procedural Background
Jofran brought this action on June 21, 2016. In substance, the complaint alleges seven
claims against Watkins for breach of contract, violation of the implied covenant of good faith
5
and fair dealing, negligence, tortious interference with prospective business relationship, and
violations of consumer protection statutes under Massachusetts, Montana, and California law.
The complaint also sought a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction to enjoin
Watkins from depleting or distributing funds such that Jofran would be unable to collect on a
judgment. The verified complaint sought an attachment by trustee process of funds in an account
held by Watkins’ at PNC Financial Services Group, Inc.
On July 7, 2016, the Court denied Jofran’s claims for a preliminary injunction and
temporary restraining order, but granted the claim for trustee process attachment in the amount
of $658,301. On August 2, 2016, the Court granted Watkins’ assented-to motion to dissolve the
trustee process attachment after the parties agreed that Watkins would post a bond for the same
amount in lieu of the attachment.
Watkins has moved to dismiss this suit on the basis of forum non conveniens, or, in the
alternative, to dismiss Jofran’s consumer protection claims under Massachusetts and Montana
law.
This is the second action filed arising out of the same dispute between the parties. As
noted, Watkins filed an action in Montana state court on January 19, 2016. Jofran has moved to
dismiss that suit based on lack of personal jurisdiction. That motion is pending.
III.
Analysis
A.
Motion to Dismiss on the Basis of Forum Non Conveniens
Under the common-law doctrine of forum non conveniens, a court may dismiss a case
“when an alternative forum has jurisdiction to hear the case, and trial in the chosen forum would
establish oppressiveness and vexation to a defendant out of all proportion to plaintiff's
convenience, or the chosen forum is inappropriate because of considerations affecting the court's
6
own administrative and legal problems.” Sinochem Int'l Co. Ltd. v. Malaysia Int'l Shipping
Corp., 549 U.S. 422, 429 (2007) (quoting American Dredging Co. v. Miller, 510 U.S. 443, 447–
448 (1947) (alterations omitted)). When a plaintiff selects its home forum, as here, it “should not
be deprived of it absent a ‘clear showing’ of either ‘oppressiveness and vexation’ or evidence
that the chosen forum is ‘inappropriate.’” Adelson v. Hananel, 510 F.3d 43, 53 (1st Cir. 2007)
(quoting Koster v. (American) Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 330 U.S. 518, 524 (1947)). A
defendant bears “a heavy burden” in overcoming the presumption in favor of plaintiff's chosen
forum. Sinochem, 549 U.S. at 42. Nonetheless, “a citizen's forum choice should not be given
dispositive weight and dismissal should not be automatically barred when a plaintiff has filed
suit in his home forum.” Interface Partners Int'l Ltd. v. Hananel, 575 F.3d 97, 102 (1st Cir.
2009) (quotations and citation omitted).
Dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens requires that a defendant establish (1)
that there is an “adequate alternative forum” and (2) that “considerations of convenience and
judicial efficiency strongly favor litigating the claim in the alternative forum.” Iragorri v. Int'l
Elevator, Inc., 203 F.3d 8, 12 (1st Cir. 2000).
Before plaintiff filed this action, defendant had filed an action arising out of the same
transaction in Montana state court. Defendant contends that the Montana court is an adequate
alternative forum for the purposes of this motion.1 Plaintiff contends that the Montana state
court does not have personal jurisdiction over it, and thus cannot be considered an adequate
alternative forum. Assuming, without deciding, that the Montana court is an adequate alternative
1
Forum non conveniens is most often applied in the context of a defendant asserting an adequate
alternative forum in another country, rather than, as here, another state. See Sinochem, 549 U.S. at 430. Notably,
defendant has not provided the Court with a single case to consider in which a court dismissed an action on the basis
of forum non conveniens where the alternative forum was a state court. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court has
directed that the doctrine may “perhaps” be available “in rare instances where a state or territorial court serves
litigational convenience best.” Id.
7
forum, the Court finds that the defendant has failed to carry its “heavy burden” to show that the
balance of public and private interest factors favors litigation in the Montana court to overcome
the presumption in favor of plaintiff’s choice of home forum.
1.
Balancing Public and Private Interest Factors
To succeed on a motion to dismiss on the basis of forum non conveniens, the defendant
must show that the balance of various private and public interests so favors an alternative forum
as to overcome the presumption in favor of the plaintiff’s choice of forum. The Supreme Court
has described a list of illustrative, non-exclusive factors that courts may consider, emphasizing
the “need to retain flexibility.” Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454 U.S. 235, 249 (1981). For
private interests, the factors include
the relative ease of access to sources of proof; availability of compulsory process
for attendance of unwilling, and the cost of obtaining attendance of willing,
witnesses; possibility of view of premises, if view would be appropriate to the
action; and all other practical problems that make trial of a case easy, expeditious
and inexpensive.
Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501, 508 (1947). As for the public interest, relevant
considerations are “the administrative difficulties of docket congestion; the general goal of
‘having localized controversies decided at home,’ and concomitantly, ease of access to the
proceedings on the part of interested citizens; the trier's relative familiarity with the appropriate
rules of decision; and the burdens of jury duty.” Iragorri, 203 F.3d at 12 (quoting Gulf Oil
Corp., 330 U.S. at 508–09).
There are two venues at issue in this litigation, one located in Massachusetts and one
located in Montana. Each party has brought an action arising out of the same events in its home
forum.
Defendant contends that the private interest factors favor Montana because the majority
8
of the current and former employees of Watkins who might serve as witnesses, and all of the
relevant documents of Watkins, are located in Montana.2 However, the same can be said of
Jofran’s witnesses and documents. “Litigating in a party's home forum . . . is almost always
more convenient than litigating in a foreign forum.” Neelon v. Krueger, 63 F. Supp. 3d 165, 173
(D. Mass. 2014). As in the transfer context, where the defendant bears a lesser burden to show
that the alternative forum is preferable, dismissal is inappropriate where “its effect is merely to
shift the inconvenience from one party to the other.” Sigros v. Walt Disney World Co., 129 F.
Supp. 2d 56, 71 (D. Mass. 2001); see also Norwood v. Kirkpatrick, 349 U.S. 29, 30, 32 (1955)
(finding that district judges have “broader discretion in the application of [§ 1404] than under the
doctrine of forum non conveniens” and that Congress intended § 1404 to “permit courts to grant
transfers on a lesser showing of inconvenience.”). Here, defendant has not shown that the
private interest factors justify dismissal.
Defendant makes much of the fact that concurrent litigation on the same matter is
pending before a Montana state court. That argument is highly relevant in the context of a
motion to transfer a case from a federal district court to a different federal district court pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 1404, where the presence of a first-filed motion in an alternative forum is given
substantial weight. See, e.g., Cianbro Corp. v. Curran-Lavoie, Inc., 814 F.2d 7, 11 (1st Cir.
1987). However, the First Circuit does not permit the consideration of concurrent litigation in
forum non conveniens analysis. See Adelson v. Hananel, 510 F.3d 43, 54 (1st Cir. 2007) (“The
existence of concurrent litigation is not a relevant factor to the [forum non conveniens]
2
Relying on Interface Partners, defendant contends that the presence of these witnesses and documents
“weighs heavily” in favor of a Montana forum. Interface Partners Int'l Ltd. v. Hananel, 575 F.3d 97, 104 (1st Cir.
2009). Defendant’s reliance on this precedent is misplaced. Interface Partners suggests that courts should give
substantial weight to the forum in which the alleged misconduct occurred, rather than the location where the contract
was formed. Id. Here, California, not Massachusetts or Montana, is home to the warehouses and employees who
allegedly failed to comply with the contract terms. However, no party has suggested that California is an available
or more convenient alternative forum.
9
analysis”). Although the presence of concurrent litigation may be relevant to demonstrate the
availability of an alternative adequate forum, it is not properly considered when balancing the
factors of convenience. See Huhtamaki Co. Mfg. v. CKF, Inc., 648 F. Supp. 2d 167, 170 (D. Me.
2009) (interpreting Adelson as allowing consideration of concurrent litigation for purpose of
establishing alternative forum). Defendant reads Adelson to preclude consideration of a firstfiled action in weighing public interest factors, while allowing such consideration in weighing
private interest factors; however, subsequent case law has not given Adelson such a narrow
reach. See Neelon v. Krueger, 63 F. Supp. 3d 165, 171–72 (D. Mass. 2014) (“Adelson stands for
the rule that concurrent litigation does not affect the court's forum non conveniens inquiry”).3
The different weights ascribed to the existence of a first-filed action in the context of a motion to
transfer and a motion to dismiss is reasonable in light of the “virtually unflagging obligation of
the federal courts to exercise the jurisdiction given them.” Colorado River Water Conservation
Dist. v. United States, 424 U.S. 800, 818 (1976).
Defendant further contends that the public interest factors also support dismissal.
Defendant has not, however, provided the Court with information about the relative congestion
of the competing dockets of the two jurisdictions. See Mercier v. Sheraton Int'l, Inc., 935 F.2d
419, 428 (1st Cir. 1991) (finding that the appropriate inquiry in analyzing the administrative
difficulties of docket congestion is for a court to make a “comparative determination of where
the case can most quickly be resolved”). Likewise, the factors related to having localized
controversies decided at home, ease of access for interested members of the public, and the
3
Courts in other circuits have also interpreted Adelson to foreclose the consideration of concurrent
litigation in balancing convenience factors for forum non conveniens analysis. See RF Micro Devices, Inc. v. Xiang,
No. 1:12CV967, 2013 WL 5462295, at *3 (M.D.N.C. Sept. 30, 2013) (finding that Adelson stands for the
proposition that it is error to construe “the importance of concurrent litigation within the forum non conveniens
analysis”); Hayes Bicycle Grp., Inc. v. Muchachos Int'l Co., No. 06-CV-1305, 2008 WL 4830570, at *3 (E.D. Wis.
Oct. 31, 2008) (interpreting Adelson as standing for proposition that “concurrent litigation is not a relevant factor in
forum non conveniens analysis”).
10
burden of jury duty do not weigh in favor of either party because the parties are each at home in
the competing jurisdictions.
The only public interest factor that may cut in defendant’s favor is an alleged choice of
law provision in the 2015 Agreement. Defendant contends that the 2015 Agreement incorporates
a choice of law provision from a different contract providing that Montana law shall govern the
interpretation of the contract. Plaintiff contests this assertion, arguing that the provision was not
incorporated, but merely referenced. The Court need not decide at this time whether Montana
law or another state’s law is the appropriate framework for analyzing the 2015 Agreement. Even
assuming that the choice of law provision applies to the 2015 Agreement, that factor is relevant,
but not dispositive. See id. at 428. Defendant has not made a strong showing that the balance of
factors strongly weighs in favor of litigating this action in Montana. Accordingly, the
defendant’s motion to dismiss on the basis of forum non conveniens will be denied.
B.
Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Claims under the Massachusetts Consumer
Protection Act
In the alternative, defendant has moved to dismiss Count Five of the verified complaint,
which alleges a violation of Mass Gen. Laws ch. 93A for failure to state a claim upon which
relief can be granted under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
On a motion to dismiss, the Court “must assume the truth of all well-plead[ed] facts and
give the plaintiff the benefit of all reasonable inferences therefrom.” Ruiz v. Bally Total Fitness
Holding Corp., 496 F.3d 1, 5 (1st Cir. 2007) (citing Rogan v. Menino, 175 F.3d 75, 77 (1st Cir.
1999)). To survive a motion to dismiss, the verified complaint must state a claim that is
“plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). That is, “[f]actual
allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level . . . on the
assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true (even if doubtful in fact).” Id. at 555
11
(citations omitted). “The plausibility standard is not akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it
asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). Dismissal is appropriate if the
verified complaint fails to set forth “factual allegations, either direct or inferential, respecting
each material element necessary to sustain recovery under some actionable legal theory.”
Gagliardi v. Sullivan, 513 F.3d 301, 305 (1st Cir. 2008) (quoting Centro Médico del Turabo, Inc.
v. Feliciano de Melecio, 406 F.3d 1, 6 (1st Cir. 2005)).
A defendant may be liable under Chapter 93A if it engages in an unfair method of
competition or an unfair or deceptive act or practice. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A, §§ 2, 11. The
statute provides that an action under § 11 can only be brought if “the actions and transactions
constituting the alleged unfair method of competition or the unfair or deceptive act or practice
occurred primarily and substantially within the commonwealth." Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A, §
11. To trigger liability under Chapter 93A, the conduct in question must fall within “‘the
penumbra of some common-law, statutory, or other established concept of unfairness' or be
'immoral, unethical, oppressive or unscrupulous.’” Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Seven
Provinces Ins. Co., 217 F.3d 33, 40 (1st Cir. 2000) (quoting Cambridge Plating Co. v. Napco,
Inc., 85 F.3d 752, 769 (1st Cir. 1996) (alterations omitted)). It is well settled that “[a] mere
breach of contract does not constitute an unfair or deceptive trade practice under 93A, unless it
rises to the level of commercial extortion or a similar degree of culpable conduct.” Id.
(quotations and citations omitted).
Plaintiff has alleged that defendant’s issues with storage, invoicing, and communication
go beyond mere breach of contract. Taken in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the complaint
alleges that defendant breached the 2015 Agreement in “a deliberate attempt to obtain the
12
benefits of the contract, and to avoid fulfilling its own obligations under it.” Pine Polly, Inc. v.
Integrated Packaging Films IPF, Inc., 2014 WL 1203106, at *7 (D. Mass. Mar. 19, 2014). That
allegation is sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss; whether the underlying facts are sufficient
is a question for another day. Accordingly, plaintiff has alleged facts sufficient to make out a
claim under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A § 11.
Defendant further contends that plaintiff has not alleged facts sufficient to show that the
violations of ch. 93A occurred “primarily and substantially” within Massachusetts. The
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court does not use enumerated factors to analyze a “primarily
and substantially” challenge, instead preferring a “fact-intensive approach” in which the judge
must consider “whether the center of gravity of the circumstances that give rise to the claim is
primarily and substantially within the Commonwealth.” Kenda Corp. v. Pot O'Gold Money
Leagues, Inc., 329 F.3d 216, 235 (1st Cir. 2003) (quoting Kuwaiti Danish Computer Co. v.
Digital Equip. Corp., 438 Mass. 459, 473 (2003)).
Although the inquiry is generally a holistic one, at the pleading stage a § 11 claim may
survive a motion to dismiss based on a “primarily and substantially” challenge upon a showing
that the plaintiff is located in Massachusetts and that the injury occurred in Massachusetts. See
Back Bay Farm, LLC. v. Collucio, 230 F. Supp. 2d 176, 188 (D. Mass. 2002) (“as the First
Circuit has directed, a [ch. 93A] section eleven cause of action, attacked via a motion to dismiss,
should survive a ‘primarily and substantially’ challenge so long as the complaint alleges that the
plaintiff is located, and claims an injury, in Massachusetts”) (citing Amcel Corp. v. Int'l Exec.
Sales, Inc., 170 F.3d 32, 36 (1st Cir. 1999)); see also AcBel Polytech, Inc. v. Fairchild
Semiconductor Int'l, Inc., 2014 WL 4656608, at *7 (D. Mass. Sept. 12, 2014); Epoxy Tech., Inc.
v. Daizo Corp., 2013 WL 2146844, at *2 (D. Mass. May 16, 2013); SCVNGR, Inc. v. eCharge
13
Licensing, LLC, 2014 WL 4804738, at *6 (D. Mass. Sept. 25, 2014).
The verified complaint alleges that plaintiff is a Massachusetts company, that at least one
employee traveled from Massachusetts to California to tour potential facilities after it was forced
out of the Hemlock Avenue warehouse, and that the injury occurred in Massachusetts. The
uncontested exhibits attached to the verified complaint also make clear that the communications
between the parties were being sent and received at each party’s office in Massachusetts and
Montana, respectively.4 Taking these facts in the light most favorable to plaintiff, the verified
complaint alleges a plausible claim that the events giving rise to the 93A claim occurred
“primarily and substantially” in Massachusetts. Therefore, defendant’s motion to dismiss Count
Five of the verified complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted will be
denied.
C.
Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s Claims under the Montana Consumer
Protection Act
In its response to defendant’s motion to dismiss, plaintiff agreed to voluntarily dismiss
Count Six of the verified complaint which alleges violations of the Montana Consumer
Protection Act, Mont. Code § 30-14. Accordingly, defendant’s motion to dismiss Count Six of
the verified complaint will be granted.
IV.
Conclusion
For the reasons set forth above,
(1) Defendant’s motion to dismiss the verified complaint on the basis of forum non
conveniens is DENIED.
4
These documents were apparently transmitted electronically via e-mail and fax. However, the two
documents most critical to plaintiff’s 93A claim, the 2015 Agreement and defendant’s January 8, 2016 letter
notifying plaintiff that it would stop shipping inventory unless plaintiff immediately paid its arrearage in full, were
sent electronically but are addressed from defendant’s Montana office to plaintiff’s Massachusetts office.
14
(2) Defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s claim under the Massachusetts Consumer
Protection Act, Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A, alleged in Count Five is DENIED.
(3) Defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s claim under the Montana Consumer Protection
Act Mont. Code § 30-14 alleged in Count Six is GRANTED.
So Ordered.
/s/ F. Dennis Saylor
F. Dennis Saylor IV
United States District Judge
Dated: November 2, 2016
15
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?