Lariviere v. Colvin

Filing 28

Judge F. Dennis Saylor, IV: ORDER entered. Memorandum and Order On Plaintiff's Motion To Reverse And Defendant's Motion To Affirm The Decision Of The Commissioner. Plaintiff's motion to reverse the decision of the Commissioner is DENIED, and defendant's motion to affirm the decision of the Commissioner is GRANTED. (Pezzarossi, Lisa)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
____________________________________
)
ANDREW LARIVIERE,
)
)
Plaintiff,
)
)
v.
)
)
NANCY BERRYHILL,
)
Acting Commissioner
)
of the Social Security Administration,
)
)
Defendant.
)
____________________________________)

Civil Action No.
16-12444-FDS

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S
MOTION TO REVERSE AND DEFENDANT’S MOTION
TO AFFIRM THE DECISION OF THE COMMISSIONER
SAYLOR, J.
This is an appeal of a final decision of the Acting Commissioner of the Social Security
Administration (“SSA”) denying plaintiff Andrew Lariviere’s application for Supplemental
Security Income (“SSI”) and Child Insurance Benefits (“CIB”).1 Lariviere appeals the denial of
his application on the ground that the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) erred in discounting the
opinions of his treating and consultative physicians.
Lariviere has moved to reverse the decision of the Acting Commissioner, and defendant
has cross-moved to affirm the decision of the Acting Commissioner. For the reasons stated
below, the decision will be affirmed.

1

Nancy Berryhill became the Acting Commissioner of Social Security on January 23, 2017, and has
therefore been substituted as a party pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d).

I.

Background
A.

Factual Background

Andrew Lariviere was 26 years old at the time of his hearing on September 16, 2015.
(A.R. 35, 38). He graduated from Bridgewater State University in 2013 with a major in English
and a minor in Secondary Education. (A.R. 39, 44). He has no work experience and lives with
his parents in Massachusetts. (A.R. 39, 221-22).
1.

Medical Evidence from Examining Physicians

The earliest record of treatment of Lariviere dates back to December 2012, when he
reported anxiety to his primary-care physician, Dr. Felicia Freilich. (A.R. 272-73).2 At that
appointment, Dr. Freilich noted that the onset of his anxiety was “many years ago, likely around
age 5,” that its status was “improving, chronic,” and that he denied “anxiety, depressed mood,
[and] panic attacks.” (A.R. 272). At that time, Lariviere was taking a daily 40 mg dose of
Celexa (citalopram hydrobromide) for anxiety and OCD. (Id.). Dr. Freilich noted that his
anxiety had “[i]mproved significantly on Celexa” and that his OCD was “much improved on
Celexa.” She noted that his mother reported that “Celexa has helped Andrew immensely—
anxiety is better OCD-type behaviors are better. He is back to himself—laughing, joking, etc.”
(Id.). In her general psychological evaluation, she noted that he was “still with odd, Aspergertype affect, somewhat flat—HOWEVER, much brighter than before. Made a couple jokes, more
interactive than previous.” (Id.). Dr. Freilich noted that he was not seeing a therapist, but that
she “[a]gain, offered referral to group therapy for Asperger’s and social interaction, but pt.
declined.” (Id.).

He reported that his first visit with Dr. Freilich’s office was in October 2010, but there are no treatment
records from that time. (A.R. 249). Dr. Freilich reported that she first examined Lariviere in June 2011. (A.R.
295).
2

2

Lariviere continued to see Dr. Freilich for primary care. He had a physical examination
on January 10, 2013, at which Dr. Freilich noted that he was “[d]oing well overall—much more
functional since he started on the Celexa.” (A.R. 270). As to his OCD, she noted that he was
“[d]oing very well on Celexa—this is probably the most calm I have ever seen him. Mom very
happy with his progress—OCD-type behaviors are much improved.” (Id.). She also noted:
“odd affect (this is his baseline with the Aspergers), does seem a lot more calm though, cognitive
function intact, cooperative with exam.” (A.R. 271).
At his next physical on January 16, 2014, Dr. Freilich noted that Lariviere’s “[m]ain issue
is his Aspergers, OCD, anxiety which is making it very difficult for him to get a job.” (A.R.
268). She noted that he was “[d]oing very well on Celexa in terms of his OCD-type behavior,
however, the anxiety and social difficulty typical for Asperger are still present.” (Id.). She also
noted that he “[f]eels well. Mom wants him to apply for disability. Pt. says he is doing well on
the Celexa in terms of his anxiety.” (Id.). And she noted “poor eye contact, affect flat, affect
restricted (baseline for him).” (A.R. 269). 3
On March 14, 2014, Lariviere saw Dr. Timothy Horton for a psychodiagnostic interview
upon referral from the Massachusetts Rehabilitation Disability Determination Services. (A.R.
279-81). Lariviere reported that he had a friend, but that he is lonely, and that he drives
regularly. (A.R. 279-80). Dr. Horton described Lariviere’s daily activities as:
Able to manage personal care independently, Mr. Lariviere is also capable of
performing all household chores. He knows how to use both a cell phone and the
Internet. Interests/hobbies are video games and Internet (for information and
social networking). Capacity to focus/concentrate is described as adequate.
During the past two weeks, out-of-home activities were shopping, visiting
friends/relatives, exercising, and eating at a restaurant.
(A.R. 280).

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The primary-care treatment notes also document Lariviere’s obesity. (A.R. 268, 270).

3

With respect to his mental status, Dr. Horton described him as “poised and humorless,”
“[m]aintaining normal eye contact,” “cooperative,” “[a]lert and well oriented,” and that his
“affect is congruent to thoughts with normal intensity and limited range.” (A.R. 280-81). Dr.
Horton administered a mini-mental state evaluation, and Lariviere scored 29/30, “which is above
the recommended cutoff score for identifying cognitive impairment.” (A.R. 280). Dr. Horton
noted that his “[c]ognitive ability is estimated to be above average,” that his “[l]ong-term
memory is intact,” that his “[s]peech is rapid but otherwise normal,” and his “[e]xpressive
language skills are well-developed.” (Id.). As to his anxiety, Dr. Horton noted: “Obsessive
content and compulsive tendencies are reported. Mood is described as apprehensive (anxiety in
some types of social settings, e.g., student teaching, public speaking).” (Id.).
Dr. Horton diagnosed “Social Phobia (300.23); rule-out other Anxiety Disorders,”
obesity, and “occupational and economic problems.” (A.R. 281). He assessed a global
assessment of functioning (“GAF”) score of 60. (A.R. 281). He concluded as follows:
With regard to employment, Mr. Lariviere is capable of asking questions,
requesting assistance, understanding and recalling work procedures, and meeting
hygiene standards. Symptom (social anxiety in specific types of settings)
interference may negatively impact attendance, work/rate persistence, tolerance
for change/stress, and capacity to sustain working relationships with coworkers
and supervisors.
(Id.).
On July 18, 2014, Dr. Freilich submitted a DDS questionnaire in which she noted that
“Andrew has Asperger’s syndrome and OCD—both of which make it very difficult to function
socially in a work environment.” (A.R. 295). In response to a prompt requesting information as
to whether his condition had worsened or changed, she stated: “Andrew continues to exhibit
classic Asperger-type behavior—difficulty reading social cues, difficulty interacting with others.
He also has significant anxiety and OCD, which is treated with medication. While the
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medication does help with the anxiety and OCD, Andrew would have a very hard time
functioning in a work environment.” (A.R. 296).
At his February 6, 2015 annual physical examination, Lariviere reported to Dr. Freilich
that his “[m]ain concern is worsening OCD—doesn’t think the Celexa is working anymore.”
(A.R. 308). She also noted “odd affect, poor eye contact, mood depressed, anxious-appearing,
alert, oriented, cognitive function intact, cooperative with exam.” (A.R. 310). As to his OCD,
Dr. Freilich wrote:
Pt has finally agreed to see psychiatry (I have tried to refer him several times over
the years), so I have given him a list of psychiatrists to call and schedule an appt.
I think that pt would benefit from Abilify or another atypical antipsychotic, but
would prefer for pt to be following by psychiatry. Pt admittedly has only agreed
to see psychiatry since he was denied SSI.
(A.R. 310-11).
Lariviere saw Dr. Gabriela Velcea, a psychiatrist, for an evaluation on June 19, 2015. He
reported to her that “his emotional struggles have been increasingly more severe in the past year
or so, to the point of rarely leaving the house,” and that the Celexa “was initially helpful, but
lately doesn’t seem to help as much.” (A.R. 335-36). She diagnosed PTSD, OCD, and
Asperger’s disorder and assessed a GAF of 55. (A.R. 339). She increased his dose of Celexa to
60 mg. and “recommended individualized therapy ASAP.” (Id.). It appears, however, that
Lariviere did not want therapy, because she also made a note to follow up with “therapist referral
if pt. decides to accept it.” (Id.).
Lariviere saw Dr. Velcea two more times. On July 6, 2015, she noted that his condition
had “[i]mproved,” and that she had explained to him and his mother the “need for cognitive
restructuring, basic CBT principles.” (A.R. 340). On August 17, 2015, she again noted that his
condition was “[i]mproved” and that he “reports he has been doing better, anxiety diminished,
able to function better, although he is not doing too much outside the house.” (A.R. 341). In
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addition to the 60 mg. dose of Celexa, she prescribed Ativan “for anxiety before known
triggers.” (Id.).
2.

Function Reports

Both Lariviere and his mother submitted reports on his functioning and activities in
connection with his initial application for benefits. (AR. 227, 234). His mother indicated that he
“eat[s], cook[s], plays video games, enjoys his cats, watches TV, does some chores, sleeps at
various times no set sleep pattern,” and that his hobbies include “creating a computer game” and
“drawing.” (A.R. 227, 231). She noted that he feeds, grooms, and cleans the litter box for his
cats. (A.R. 228). She indicated that he is capable of his own personal care, but that he is “not
very concerned about his hygiene” and “has to be constantly reminded & pushed to bathe &
change clothes.” (Id.). With respect to chores, she wrote that he does cleaning and laundry but
needs “constant reminder[s]” and it “could take days to get him to do them[;] Never finishes
anything he starts.” (A.R. 229). She noted that he also does grocery shopping every week and
that “he is great at groceries.” (A.R. 230).
On his own function report, Lariviere noted that he “surf[s] the internet,” “prepare[s]
meals,” “watch[es] television,” and “play[s] videogames.” (A.R. 234). He stated that those
activities are often “followed by chores and cleaning,” and “[u]sually [he] nap[s] for several
hours in between.” (Id.). He reported “[n]eurotic behavior while changing clothing” and
“[o]ccasional neurotic behavior in everyday activities.” (A.R. 237). He stated that he prepares
meals daily and goes grocery shopping. (A.R. 238-39). He reported doing various household
chores such as “[d]usting, vacuum, picking up, laundry, [and] dishes,” taking “[u]sually less than
10 or 20 minutes for each” but “will oftentimes slack off or forget so pestering or reminders from
family is often crucial.” (A.R. 238). He reported “watching television, playing videogames,

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reading comics, surfing the internet, [and] writing stories,” and that he “spend[s] time with
family” and “occasionally meet[s] with friends.” (A.R. 240). He noted that he can follow
written instructions “without issue, usually turns out fine,” but will “often question” spoken
instructions for specifics. (A.R. 241). He also reported that his “neurotic thoughts affect focus
and concentration,” that he handles stress badly, and does not like people to touch his head.
(A.R. 241-42).
3.

Medical Evidence from Non-Examining Physicians

Lariviere’s medical records were evaluated by two non-examining DDS physicians. On
April 17, 2014, in connection with his initial claim, Dr. Menachem Kasdan reviewed the
treatment records from Dr. Freilich and Dr. Horton and reports from Lariviere and his mother.
(A.R. 76, 77-78). He determined that Lariviere was moderately limited in several areas of social
interaction, and “[m]ay do better in a setting working independently w/limited need for social
interactions and w/a supportive supervisor.” (A.R. 82). He also determined that Lariviere was
moderately limited in his ability to maintain attention and concentration, and “[m]ay be
somewhat distracted, but appears able to maintain adequate concentration/pace to simple tasks
for 2 hour intervals in an 8 hour day.” (Id.).
On August 25, 2014, in connection with Lariviere’s request for reconsideration, Dr.
Judith Clementson reviewed the treatment records from Dr. Freilich and Dr. Horton, reports from
Lariviere and his mother, and Lariviere’s remarks that the job-application process had caused an
increase in his OCD behavior and stress. (A.R. 96-99, 102). She also determined that he was
moderately limited in his social interactions, and that he would “require a setting working
independently w/ limited need for social interactions and with a supportive supervisor.” (A.R.
104). She concluded that he would be able to “[u]nderstand and remember simple tasks”;

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“[s]ustain attention and pace at simple tasks for 2/8/40 in a job with limited social interaction
demands”; “[r]elate adequately to a small number of familiar co-workers and a supportive
supervisor”; and “[u]nderstand and respond to simple change.” (A.R. 105).
4.

Hearing Testimony

The SSA conducted a hearing concerning Lariviere’s application for benefits on
September 16, 2015. (A.R. 35). At the hearing, Lariviere appeared and testified before the ALJ.
(Id.). Attorney Amanda DelFarno represented Lariviere at the hearing. (Id.).
Lariviere testified that he had never been employed. (A.R. 41). He had tried to do some
student teaching as part of his college program, but he found it too stressful and he had to quit
and give up his major in secondary education. (A.R. 41-42). He was never enrolled in specialeducation classes, and did not require educational accommodations for his college coursework.
(A.R. 40). He testified that since receiving his degree in English he has not looked for work
because the intensity of his condition was “beginning to peak again.” (A.R. 45). He testified
that he has trouble walking through doorways, especially while carrying something, (A.R. 45,
57), and that he dwells on negative memories, (A.R. 46). He explained that the 60 mg dose of
Celexa led to “small improvements” but he feels that it’s a “temporary fix” and “some days, if
I’m really messed up, it doesn’t help that much.” (A.R. 49-50). He testified:
The reason why I’m so inactive most of the time is because I’m often either—I’ve
either experiencing some sort of—some sort of neurotic behavior or thoughts. Or
I’m afraid to—or I’m terrified of doing something that could set it off, or that
could cause it. It’s like—it’s like I’m either in the middle of it, or living in fear of
it.
(A.R. 55).
He testified that his sleep schedule is very irregular—sometimes he sleeps at night and
sometimes during the day. (A.R. 52). He testified that he does drive but he prefers familiar
routes, and his parents drove him to the hearing. (A.R. 47-48). As to his daily activities, he
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testified that he surfs the Internet, plays video games, “occasionally do[es] errands,” and naps.
(A.R. 53). He gets out of the house “[s]everal times a week to do some errands . . . like grocery
shopping, maybe returning stuff for people,” and sometimes, when he has no choice, driving his
father to appointments. (A.R. 54). He testified that the last time he saw his one friend was two
or three months ago, and that he does not use social media. (A.R. 59-60, 62-63).
Larry Takki, a vocational expert, also testified at the hearing. The ALJ asked Takki to
consider a hypothetical person of Lariviere’s age and education, with no work experience, who
had no exertional limitations but was “limited to routine tasks with no detailed instructions,”
“could not tolerate more than superficial interaction with the public, supervisors, or coworkers,”
and “could tolerate only occasional passage through doorways, and no work in confined spaces.”
(A.R. 69). Takki testified that such a person could perform jobs in the national economy, such as
working as a hand packer, industrial cleaner, or price marker. (A.R. 70). When asked whether
the same hypothetical person who also was “absent three or more days per month on a consistent
basis” could work in the national economy, Takki testified that that person could not. (A.R. 7071). Lariviere’s attorney then asked whether there would be work in the national economy for
the person of the first hypothetical with the additional restriction that the person could not be
within 10-15 feet of other people. (A.R. 71-72). Takki testified that such a person could work as
a hand packer, industrial cleaner, or office cleaner. (A.R. 72-73).
B.

Procedural Background

On January 28, 2014, Lariviere filed an application for Child Insurance Benefits alleging
disability beginning July 10, 1989, the day he was born. (A.R. 192).4 His claim of disability was

4

To be eligible for CIB on the earnings record of an insured person entitled to old-age or disability benefits
or who has died, the claimant must: (1) be the insured person’s child, (2) be dependent on the insured, (3) apply for
benefits, (4) be unmarried, and (5) as relevant here, have a disability that arose before he became 22 years old. 20

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based on Asperger’s syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety. (A.R. 79, 225). He
applied for Supplemental Security Income on February 3, 2014. (A.R. 194).
The SSA originally notified Lariviere on April 18, 2014, that it had denied his claims for
disability benefits. (A.R. 94-95; 123-24). Lariviere filed for reconsideration on May 5, 2012.
(A.R. 129-31). The SSA affirmed its denial on August 27, 2014. (A.R. 121-22, 133-35). On
September 17, 2014, Lariviere requested a hearing, which was held on September 16, 2015.
(A.R. 139-41, 35).
On November 4, 2015, the ALJ issued an opinion finding that Lariviere was not disabled
under sections 223(d) and 1614(a)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act. (A.R. 15-28). After
allowing him extra time to submit additional information, the Appeals Council denied his
subsequent request for review on October 17, 2016. (A.R. 1-3, 6-7).
On December 1, 2016, Lariviere filed this action to review the Acting Commissioner’s
decision. On June 9, 2017, he moved to reverse the decision. On August 24, 2017, the SSA
cross-moved for an order affirming the Acting Commissioner’s decision.
II.

Legal Standards
A.

Standard of Review

This Court may affirm, modify, or reverse the Commissioner’s decision, with or without
remanding the case for a rehearing. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The ALJ’s finding on any fact shall be
conclusive if it is supported by “substantial evidence,” and must be upheld “if a reasonable mind,
reviewing the evidence in the record as a whole, could accept it as adequate to support his
conclusion,” even if the record could justify a different conclusion. Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health
& Human Servs., 647 F.2d 218, 222 (1st Cir. 1981).

C.F.R. § 404.350(a). The disability must have been continuous and uninterrupted from before age 22 and the date
on which the claimant applies for benefits. Suarez v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 755 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir. 1985).

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In applying the “substantial evidence” standard, the reviewing court must bear in mind
that the ALJ, not the courts, finds facts, decides issues of credibility, draws inferences from the
record, and resolves conflicts of evidence. Ortiz v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 955 F.2d
765, 769 (1st Cir. 1991). Reversal is warranted only if the ALJ committed a legal or factual
error in evaluating the claim, or if the record contains no “evidence rationally adequate . . . to
justify the conclusion” of the ALJ. Roman-Roman v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 114 F, App’x. 410,
411 (1st Cir. 2004); see also Manso-Pizarro v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 76 F.3d 15, 16
(1st Cir. 1996). Therefore, “[j]udicial review of a Social Security Claim is limited to
determining whether the ALJ used the proper legal standards and found facts upon the proper
quantum of evidence.” Ward v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 211 F.3d 652, 655 (1st Cir. 2000).
Questions of law, to the extent that they are at issue, are reviewed de novo. Seavey v. Barnhart,
276 F.3d 1, 9 (1st Cir. 2001).
B.

Standard for Entitlement to Disability Benefits

In order to qualify for SSI benefits or CIB, the claimant must demonstrate that he is
“disabled” within the meaning of the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act defines a
“disability” as the “inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any
medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death
or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12
months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). The impairment must be severe enough to prevent the
claimant from performing not only his or her past work, but also any substantial gainful work
existing in the national economy. See 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(A); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1560(c)(1),
416.960(c)(1).
An applicant’s impairment is evaluated under a five-step analysis set forth in the

11

regulations promulgated under the statute. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920. The First
Circuit has described the analytical sequence as follows:
First, is the claimant currently employed? If he is, the claimant is automatically
considered not disabled.
Second, does the claimant have a severe impairment . . . mean[ing] an impairment
‘which significantly limits his or her physical or mental capacity to perform basic
work-related functions[?]’ If the claimant does not have an impairment of at least
this degree of severity, he is automatically considered not disabled.
Third, does the claimant have an impairment equivalent to a specific list of
impairments contained in . . . Appendix 1 [of the Social Security regulations]? If
the claimant has an impairment of so serious a degree of severity, the claimant is
automatically found disabled. . . . If, however, his ability to perform basic workrelated functions is impaired significantly (test 2) but there is no ‘Appendix 1’
impairment (test 3), the [ALJ] goes on to ask the fourth question:
Fourth, does the claimant’s impairment prevent him from performing work of the
sort he has done in the past? If not, he is not disabled. If so, the agency asks the
fifth question.
Fifth, does the claimant’s impairment prevent him from performing other work of
the sort found in the economy? If so, he is disabled; if not, he is not disabled.
Goodermote v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 690 F.2d 5, 6-7 (1st Cir. 1982).
The burden of proof is on the applicant as to the first four inquiries. See 42 U.S.C.
§ 423(d)(5)(A) (“An individual shall not be considered to be under a disability unless he
furnishes such medical and other evidence of the existence thereof as the [ALJ] may require.”).
If the applicant has met his or her burden as to the first four inquiries, then the burden shifts to
the Commissioner to present “evidence of specific jobs in that national economy that the
applicant can still perform.” Freeman v. Barnhart, 274 F.3d 606, 608 (1st Cir. 2001). In
determining whether the applicant is capable of performing other work in the economy, the ALJ
must assess the applicant’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”) in combination with vocational
factors, including the applicant’s age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1560(c), 416.960(c).
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III.

Analysis
A.

The ALJ’s Findings

In evaluating the evidence, the ALJ here conducted the five-part analysis called for by
Social Security Act regulations.
At step one, the ALJ found Lariviere had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since
the alleged onset date of July 10, 1989. (A.R. 21).
At step two, the ALJ found that Lariviere’s anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive
disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder were severe impairments
under 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c). (Id.). He further found that the record reflected
obesity and hyperlipidemia, but these impairments were not severe. (Id.).
At step three, the ALJ found that Lariviere did not have an impairment or combination of
impairments that medically equaled the severity of an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404,
Subpart P, Appendix 1. (A.R. 21-23). The ALJ found that he no more than a moderate
restriction in daily life activities due to his mental symptoms. (A.R. 21). In making that finding,
the ALJ cited Lariviere’s own testimony, as he reported meal preparation, cleaning, chores,
taking care of pets, driving, shopping, socializing, reading, playing video games, surfing the
Internet, and writing stories, among other activities found in the record. (Id.). The ALJ did find
that Lariviere had marked difficulties in social functioning due to his anxiety and Asperger
affect. (A.R. 22). Medical records and Lariviere’s own reports indicated no more than moderate
difficulties with regard to concentration, persistence, or pace. (Id.). The ALJ also found that he
had not experienced any episodes of decompensation for an extended duration. (A.R. 22-23).
The ALJ determined that Lariviere “has the residual functional capacity to perform a full
range of work at all exertional levels but with the following nonexertional limitations: he is

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limited to routine tasks not involving detailed instructions; is limited to no more than superficial
interaction with supervisors, coworkers, and the public; can only occasionally be within 10-15
feet proximity to other people; and is limited to no more than occasional passage through
doorways, and must avoid work in confined spaces.” (A.R. 23). In making that determination,
he found that the “longitudinal objective medical evidence does not support the claimant’s
subjective allegations of totally disabling mental symptoms” and relied on “primary care doctor
treatment records showing improved symptoms on medications until 2015 and containing few
accompanying abnormal objective mental status findings, generally normal objective mental
status findings during consultative psychological examination, not seeking dedicated mental
health treatment until very recently in 2015 despite being offered it multiple times over the years,
and these 2015 treatment records show repeated objective findings of intact attention.” (A.R.
24).
At step four, the ALJ found that Lariviere has no past relevant work to consider. (A.R.
27).
At step five, the ALJ found that jobs that Lariviere could perform, based on his age,
education, work experience, and residual functional capacity, existed in significant numbers in
the national economy. (A.R. 27-28). The ALJ relied on the vocational expert’s testimony that
someone with his same characteristics could work in representative unskilled occupations such
as an industrial cleaner, or price marker. (Id.).
The ALJ accordingly found that Lariviere did not suffer from a disability under sections
223(d) and 1614(a)(3)(A) of the Social Security Act. (A.R. 28).
B.

Plaintiff's Objections

Lariviere contends that the ALJ’s decision is not supported by substantial evidence and

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should be reversed. Specifically, he asserts that the ALJ inappropriately discounted the opinions
of his treating and consultative physicians in the analysis of his residual functional capacity.
In making an RFC determination, a treating source’s opinion that is “well-supported by
medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with the
other substantial evidence” may be given controlling weight. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(2),
416.927(c)(2). See also Conte v. McMahon, 472 F. Supp. 2d 39, 48 (D. Mass. 2007). The
regulations permit ALJs to give lesser weight to an opinion from a source where it is “internally
inconsistent or inconsistent with other evidence in the record including treatment notes and
evaluations by examining and nonexamining physicians.” Arruda v. Barnhart, 314 F. Supp. 2d
52, 72 (D. Mass. 2004) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2)-(4), 416.927(d)(2)-(4)). When a
treating source is not given controlling weight, ALJs are “granted discretion to resolve any
evidentiary conflicts or inconsistencies.” Hughes v. Colvin, 2014 WL 1334170, at *8 (D. Mass.
Mar. 28, 2014). Opinions that are not given controlling weight are evaluated based on the length,
nature, and extent of the treatment relationship; support from medical evidence; consistency of
the opinion with the record; and specialization of the doctor. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c),
416.927(c). The ALJ must give “good reasons” for the weight assigned to a treating source’s
medical opinion, 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(2), 416.927(c)(2), although “the regulations do not
require an ALJ to expressly state how each factor was considered,” Bourinot v. Colvin, 95 F.
Supp. 3d 161, 177 (D. Mass. 2015). Those “good reasons” must be supported by substantial
evidence.
The only opinion evidence in the record from Dr. Freilich are her July 2014 statements
that Lariviere’s Asperger’s syndrome and OCD “make it very difficult to function socially in a
work environment” and that, while medication is helping, he “would have a very hard time

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functioning in a work environment.” (A.R. 295-96). The ALJ gave that opinion “little weight”
because it was akin to a “[b]lanket statement[]” of disability and did not specify what was meant
by “hard time functioning.” (A.R. 26). The ALJ explained that the “longitudinal objective
medical evidence” did not support total disability, pointing to Dr. Freilich’s own treatment
records showing “improved symptoms on medication until 2015”; Dr. Horton’s generally normal
mental-status findings, including a finding that Lariviere scored 29/30 on a mini mental status
exam; the fact that Lariviere “did not seek dedicated mental health treatment until very recently in
2015 despite being offered it multiple times over the years”; and the fact that the 2015 treatment
records showed intact attention. (Id.). Furthermore, the ALJ noted that Lariviere’s own reports of
his daily activities are inconsistent with a finding of total disability—that “despite his mental
impairments, he reported performing an array of activities including cooking, chores, taking care
of pets, driving, shopping, reading comics, playing videogames, surfing the [I]nternet for hours,
watching television, writing stories, some socializing with friends and family, going out to eat,
and he was able to earn his college degree.” (Id.). Those are legitimate reasons to give “little
weight” to Dr. Freilich’s bare-bones opinion that Lariviere would “have a very hard time
functioning in a work environment,” and they are well-supported by the administrative record in
this case.
Lariviere also complains that the ALJ improperly discounted the opinion of Dr. Horton.
While Dr. Horton examined Lariviere, he did so only for the purposes of his benefits application
and therefore is not considered a “treating physician” under the regulations. See 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1527(a)(2), 416.927(a)(2). Dr. Horton opined that his social anxiety “may negatively
impact” his attendance, work rate, stress tolerance, and relationships with coworkers, but that he
“is capable of asking questions, requesting assistance, understanding and recalling work

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procedures, and meeting hygiene standards.” (A.R. 281).
The ALJ decided to give “some but not total weight” to the opinion of Dr. Horton, for
many of the same reasons he discounted Dr. Freilich’s opinion. (A.R. 25-26). The ALJ noted
that Dr. Horton did not “indicate specifics, for example, how long [he] believes the claimant
could persist at a task or percentage of the workday he would be able to interact with others.”
(A.R. 26). And the ALJ reasoned that “[t]otal disability is not supported by the longitudinal
objective medical evidence and several of the claimant’s own reports/admissions, rather they
support the ability to perform at least such a range of work activity as set forth in the residual
functional capacity.” (Id.). Nevertheless, because of the evidence of anxiety, Asperger affect,
and Lariviere’s reports of OCD behavior contained in Dr. Horton’s report, the ALJ included in his
assessment of Lariviere’s residual functional capacity limitations to routine tasks, no more than
superficial interaction with other people, only occasionally working within 10-15 feet of other
people, and only occasionally walking through doorways. (A.R. 25). As with Dr. Freilich’s
opinion, the longitudinal medical evidence referenced by the ALJ above and Lariviere’s own
reports of his activities are substantial evidence to support the weight the ALJ gave to Dr.
Horton’s opinion.
The Court therefore sees no error in the ALJ’s evaluation of the opinions of either Dr.
Freilich or Dr. Horton. Lariviere complains that the ALJ’s residual functional capacity
determination did not fully capture the limitations noted by those doctors. But the ALJ was
justified in giving those opinions the weight that he did, and, in any event, merely pointing to
some conflicting evidence in the record is not sufficient to establish error under a substantial
evidence standard. Rodriguez Pagan v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 819 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.

17

1987).5
IV.

Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, plaintiff’s motion to reverse the decision of the Commissioner

is DENIED, and defendant’s motion to affirm the decision of the Commissioner is GRANTED.
So Ordered.

Dated: December 15, 2017

/s/ F. Dennis Saylor__________
F. Dennis Saylor, IV
United States District Judge

Lariviere’s brief also includes a one-sentence assertion that: “The ALJ’s reliance on the DDS physicians
is misplaced.” (Pl. Mem. in Supp. Mot. to Remand at 11). As he has failed to develop this argument, the Court
considers it waived. United States v. Zannino, 895 F.2d 1, 17 (1st Cir. 1990) (“Issues adverted to in a perfunctory
manner, unaccompanied by some effort at developed argumentation, are deemed waived.”).
5

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