Hosseini v. Berryhill
Filing
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Judge Allison D. Burroughs: MEMORANDUM AND ORDER entered. The Court finds that the ALJ's decision was supported by substantial evidence and therefore DENIES Claimant's motion to reverse and remand and ALLOWS the Commissioner's motion to affirm. SO ORDERED.(McDonagh, Christina)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
FARAH E. HOSSEINI,
Plaintiff,
v.
NANCY A. BERRYHILL,
Acting Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.
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Civil Action No. 17-cv-12248-ADB
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
BURROUGHS, D.J.
Plaintiff Farah Hosseini (“Claimant”) brings this action pursuant to section 205(g) of the
Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), challenging the final decision of the Commissioner of
the Social Security Administration (“Commissioner”) denying her claim for Social Security
Disability Insurance (“SSDI”) benefits. Currently pending are Claimant’s motion to reverse the
Commissioner’s decision denying her disability benefits, [ECF No. 18], and the Commissioner’s
cross-motion for an order affirming the decision, [ECF No. 20]. For the reasons set forth herein,
the Court finds that the Administrative Law Judge’s decision was supported by substantial
evidence and therefore DENIES Claimant’s motion to reverse and remand and ALLOWS the
Commissioner’s motion to affirm.
I.
BACKGROUND
A.
Statutory and Regulatory Framework: Five-Step Process to Evaluate
Disability Claims
The Social Security Administration is the federal agency charged with administering both
the SSDI benefits program, which provides disability insurance for covered workers, and the
Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) program, which assists the indigent, aged, and disabled.
Seavey v. Barnhart, 276 F.3d 1, 5 (1st Cir. 2001) (citing 42 U.S.C. §§ 423, 1381a).
The Social Security Act (the “Act”) provides that an individual shall be considered
“disabled” if he or she is:
unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in
death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not
less than twelve months.
42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A); see also 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). The disability must be severe,
such that the claimant is unable to do his or her previous work or any other substantial gainful
activity that exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(B); 20 C.F.R. § 416.905.
When evaluating a disability claim under the Act, the Commissioner uses a five-step
process, which the First Circuit has explained as follows:
All five steps are not applied to every applicant, as the determination may be
concluded at any step along the process. The steps are: 1) if the applicant is engaged
in substantial gainful work activity, the application is denied; 2) if the applicant
does not have, or has not had within the relevant time period, a severe impairment
or combination of impairments, the application is denied; 3) if the impairment
meets the conditions for one of the “listed” impairments in the Social Security
regulations, then the application is granted; 4) if the applicant’s “residual functional
capacity” is such that he or she can still perform past relevant work, then the
application is denied; 5) if the applicant, given his or her residual functional
capacity, education, work experience, and age, is unable to do any other work, the
application is granted.
Seavey, 276 F.3d at 5 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920).
B.
Procedural Background
Claimant filed her application for disability insurance benefits on September 20, 2014.
[R. 203–210].1 She alleged that she became disabled on June 15, 2012, due to a combination of
1
References to pages in the Administrative Record, which were filed electronically at ECF
No. 14, are cited as “[R. __ ].”
2
mental health disorders and chronic pain. [R. 203, 223]. Her date last insured was December 31,
2017. [R. 21].
Claimant’s application was reviewed initially and on reconsideration by different teams,
each including a medical professional and a disability specialist; both teams determined that she
was not disabled. [R. 100–11, 113–28]. The Social Security Administration (“SSA”) first
informed Claimant that her application had been denied on December 19, 2014. [R. 132].
Claimant requested reconsideration of her application on December 29, 2014, [R. 135], and the
SSA informed her of its denial upon reconsideration on April 6, 2015, [R. 136–138]. Thereafter,
Claimant requested an administrative hearing, which was held on September 2, 2016 before
Administrative Law Judge Sean Teehan (“ALJ”). [R. 20]. The ALJ issued a decision finding
that Claimant was not disabled on September 26, 2016. [R. 33]. The SSA Appeals Council
denied Claimant’s Request for Review on September 13, 2017. [R. 1–5]. On November 14,
2017, Claimant filed a complaint with this Court, seeking review of the Commissioner’s decision
pursuant to section 205(g) of the Act. [ECF No. 1]. On April 30, 2018, Claimant filed her
motion for an order reversing the decision of the Commissioner that is before the Court, [ECF
No. 18], and the Commissioner filed her cross-motion on June 11, 2018, [ECF No. 20].
Claimant makes two arguments for reversing the Commissioner’s decision. First, she
claims that the ALJ failed to properly evaluate the effect of her mental impairments; second, she
claims that the ALJ’s credibility assessment was deficient because it failed to consider her
exemplary work history. [ECF No. 19]. The Court will focus on the Claimant’s employment
background and mental impairments in providing an overview of this case, though the Court
recognizes and has considered the physical impairments evidenced by the record and recognized
by the ALJ’s decision.
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C.
Employment Background
Claimant was born on October 21, 1960 and was 55 years old when the ALJ’s decision
was issued. [R. 33, 203]. She immigrated to the United States from Iran in the mid-1980s, and
received an associate degree in computer science from Bunker Hill Community College. From
the early 1990s until 2012, Claimant worked in various information technology jobs and had
covered earnings in all but one year. [R. 46–58, 64, 212–13, 224]. Her earnings peaked at more
than $90,000 in 1999. [R. 212]. Claimant most recently worked part-time as a consultant for a
Boston law firm, but the firm’s need for her services ceased in mid-2012, and she has not worked
since. [R. 58, 224]. Claimant lives with her husband in a multifamily home from which she
derives some income in Reading, Massachusetts. [R. 47, 65].
D.
Medical Evidence
Claimant has a history of depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependence. [R. 368, 377]. In
October 2012, Claimant was diagnosed with depressive disorder and alcohol dependence and
was hospitalized at North Shore Medical Center for detoxification and to help with her
depression. [R. 289–97]. Claimant reported that she felt “extremely depressed and ha[d] been
drinking a bottle of wine and some vodka daily.” [R. 295]. Claimant was admitted to a partial
hospitalization program at Addison Gilbert Hospital in October 2012 and again in August 2013.
[R. 304–26]. When she was discharged in August 2013, Claimant was found to be on track with
her treatments. [R. 309].
In December 2014, Claimant was evaluated by psychologist Dr. James Munroe and
diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and major depressive mood. [R. 367–71]. Claimant had a
depressed mood, diminished interest in almost all activities, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, and
diminished ability to concentrate and make decisions. [R. 371]. Dr. Munroe’s prognosis for
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Claimant was “poor,” and he found that Claimant’s depression and alcohol use were longstanding and chronic. Although Claimant had no psychomotor agitation, retardation, suicidal
ideation, her insight and judgment were intact, she completed her activities of daily living in a
timely manner, was able to reason and manage complicated family issues, and her understanding
and memory were intact despite her being anxious and somewhat distracted, Dr. Munroe
concluded that she could benefit from more extensive mental health treatment. [R. 367–72].
Periodic treatment records from 2015 also show Claimant had problems with alcohol
abuse, anxiety disorder, and depressive disorder. [R. 373–485; 500–41]. Claimant was admitted
to Bayridge Hospital for her mental impairments and substance abuse on May 12, 2015,2 and
received treatment from Lahey Health Inpatient Behavioral Health Services beginning on May
27, 2015 for post-traumatic stress disorder, alcoholism issues, and what she described as
“sleeping issues, difficulty breathing, feeling sad and hopeless about her future and difficulty
concentrating.” [R. 486–94, 497, 551–61]. As of June 23, 2015, Claimant was taking
medications for her conditions but was nonetheless experiencing anxiety, depression, and issues
with alcohol consumption. [R. 551–52]. It was recommended that she attend group and
individual therapy. [R. 559]. Progress notes from Lahey Health demonstrate that Claimant
attended an outpatient program, received acupuncture, and found both helpful. [R. 580]. She
was able to decrease her alcohol consumption throughout June, July and August of 2015.
[R. 583, 591–94].
2
The medical records contain inconsistent dates regarding this hospitalization. The ALJ found
that Claimant had been hospitalized from May 11 to May 19, which is consistent with notes in
the medical record, e.g. [R. 580]. The records from Bayridge indicate that Claimant was
admitted on May 12, e.g. [R. 490].
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In March 2016, Claimant had a psychiatric evaluation for assessment and management of
alcohol abuse, anxiety, and depression. [R. 645]. Claimant reported that since May 2015, she
had been doing better and not abusing alcohol, and that she had stopped taking her medication in
January 2016. [R. 645]. Thereafter, multiple individuals close to Claimant died, including a best
friend and a sister-in-law, and her mother had a stroke. [R. 645]. Claimant increased her alcohol
intake in January and February 2016 and was drinking a couple times per week, about 5 drinks of
vodka each time. [R. 645]. Claimant had no thoughts of hurting herself or anyone else, her
appetite and energy were normal, but she felt depressed, and experienced below normal interest
and ability to concentrate. [R. 646]. Claimant diagnoses were alcohol dependence and major
depression recurrent mild. [R. 646].
In July 2016, Claimant visited the emergency department of Lahey Clinic, complaining
of a shoulder injury. [R. 1011–38]. She received a psychiatric exam, which found Claimant’s
speech and behavior were normal, her thought content was normal, cognition and memory were
normal, but she appeared anxious and depressed. [R. 1021]. Dr. Janet Young found Claimant
was experiencing significant anxiety and actively drinking. [R. 1022]. Dr. Young recommended
outpatient psychiatry and therapy. [R. 1022].
In addition to Claimant’s treating history, as part of the state agency’s disability
determination, Dr. James Carpenter found in December 2014 that claimant had no restriction of
daily living, mild difficulty in maintaining social functioning, and mild difficulty in maintaining
concentration, persistence or pace. [R. 105–06]. After Claimant’s request for reconsideration,
Dr. Lois Condie evaluated her impairments in March 2015 and found that Claimant had
moderate difficulty in maintaining social functioning, mild restriction of daily living, and mild
difficulty in maintaining concentration, persistence or pace. [R. 120–26]. Dr. Condie also found
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that Claimant related adequately and got along with authority figures, concentrated adequately
for simple tasks, had difficulty leaving the house but could do so as needed, and had difficulty
with some tasks due to pain. [R. 120]. Dr. Condie concluded that Claimant was “best suited for
moderately paced work with limited demands for interaction with the public.” [R. 126].
With respect to physical impairments, Claimant’s treating physician Dr. Eric Tolo
provided a treating source opinion. [R. 562–65]. In April 2014, Dr. Tolo diagnosed Claimant
with limitations in her right shoulder (adhesive capsulitis, rotator cuff tendinopathy /
impingement), trigger finger (middle finger, left hand), and diffuse bilateral hand pain. [R. 562].
Dr. Tolo found that Claimant could rarely reach her right arm overhead, could occasionally reach
in other directions, and could rarely push/pull. [R. 563]. He found Claimant could lift/carry
under 10 pounds occasionally, lift/carry 10 pounds rarely, and could not lift/carry anything above
20 pounds. [R. 564].
Residual functional capacity (“RFC”) profiles provided by non-examining state agency
consultants Drs. Draper and Goulding found Claimant could occasionally lift and/or carry 20
pounds and frequently lift and/or carry 10 pounds; stand and/or walk about 6 hours in an 8-hour
workday; sit with normal breaks for about 6 hours in an 8-hour workday; and could push/pull
with limitation in the upper right arm. [R. 106–09; 121–24]. Drs. Draper and Goulding found
that Claimant had some postural and manipulative limitations. [R. 107–08; 122–23].
E.
Hearing
On September 2, 2016, Claimant testified at a hearing before the ALJ. [R. 40]. Since last
working in 2012, Claimant has managed work around her property, attended appointments and
managed her medical treatment, and traveled to Iran for dental work and to California to spend
time with her daughter in 2016. [R. 69–76].
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Vocational expert Estelle Hutchinson also testified at the hearing. [R. 79]. The
vocational expert identified Claimant’s earlier past work as desktop support, which is medium in
exertion and skilled. [R. 80]. The other occupation identified by the vocational expert was
software engineer, which is sedentary in exertion and skilled. [R. 80]. The vocational expert
testified that with the limitations identified by the ALJ, a person of the same age, education,
language, and work background would be able to perform the work of a software engineer but
not a desktop support technician. [R. 81].
F.
The ALJ’s Decision
On September 26, 2016, the ALJ issued a decision finding that Claimant was not disabled
under sections 216(i) and 223(d) of the Act. [R. 33]. At step one, he found that Claimant had
not engaged in substantial gainful activity since the alleged onset date. [R. 21–22]. At step two,
he concluded that Claimant had the severe impairments of mild cervical degenerative disc
disease and right shoulder tendinopathy, and the non-severe impairments of anxiety, depression,
and substance abuse disorder. [R. 21–22]. After a thorough review of Claimant’s medical
history, including her mental health problems, the ALJ concluded “that the record contains
medical evidence referring to anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse,” but he found those
impairments to be non-severe. [R. 27]. He explained:
Mentally, the record establishes that the claimant has a history of depression and
anxiety that [has] been treated. Although the claimant may be nervous at times, these
impairments result in mild functional limitations as the claimant retains the ability to
understand, remember and carry out instructions. She is able to perform routine
repetitive tasks. She can sustain focused attention and concentration sufficient to
perform and complete timely and appropriate tasks. She can act independently as well
as interact appropriately with co-workers, supervisors and the general public. She
would be able to complete a normal workday without excessive interruptions from
psychological symptoms. Therefore, I find these impairments to be non-severe.
In the present matter, the claimant has an alcohol abuse disorder. The claimant has
undergone detoxification for this disorder. She has been successful in reducing her
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consumption. She attends AA meetings. She has remained reasonably functional
despite her alcohol abuse.
The record contains no evidence of any additional treatment or observed signs and
symptoms resulting from this alleged condition that would more than minimally affect
the claimant's ability to engage in work-related activities. Accordingly, I find these
alleged impairments to be nonsevere within the meaning of the regulations.
The claimant’s medically determinable mental impairments of an affective disorder
and anxiety related disorder, considered singly and in combination, do not cause more
than minimal limitation in the claimant’s ability to perform basic mental work activities
and are therefore nonsevere.
In making this finding, I have considered the four broad functional areas set out in the
disability regulations for evaluating mental disorders and in section 12.00C of the
Listing of Impairments. These four broad functional areas are known as the “paragraph
B” criteria.
[R. 27 (citation omitted)]. The ALJ then analyzed the four paragraph B criteria at length. He
found that Claimant had mild limitations with respect to daily living, social functioning,
concentration, persistence or pace, and no episodes of decompensation that had been of extended
duration. [R. 28]. At step three, which the ALJ reached because of Claimant’s physical
impairments, the ALJ found that Claimant’s impairments did not meet or equal the impairments
in 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 404.1525, and 404.1526. [R. 29]. At step four, he determined:
Claimant had the residual functional capacity to perform light work as defined in
20 CFR 404.1567(b). The claimant is able to lift and carry twenty pounds
occasionally and ten pounds frequently. She is able to sit for six hours out of an
eight-hour workday. She is able to stand and/or walk six hours out of an eight-hour
workday. She would be able to occasionally climb stairs and ramps but never ropes,
ladders or scaffolds. She would be able to occasionally balance, stoop, crouch,
kneel, and crawl. She would only occasionally be able to reach overhead with the
right upper extremity and only occasionally be able to push and pull with the right
upper extremity.
[R. 22, 30]. The ALJ concluded that Claimant was capable of performing past relevant work as a
software engineer, and his analysis therefore ended at step four with the conclusion that Claimant
was not disabled. [R. 33].
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II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to section 205(g) of the Act. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
Section 205(g) provides that an individual may obtain judicial review of a final decision of the
Commissioner by instituting a civil action in federal district court. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The
district court may take a number of actions with respect to the Commissioner’s decision. First,
under sentence four of section 205(g), the court has the “power to enter, upon the pleadings and
transcript of the record, a judgment affirming, modifying, or reversing the decision of the
Commissioner . . . with or without remanding the cause for a rehearing.” Id. A court’s decision
under sentence four, however, can be based only on a review of the administrative record of
proceedings before the Commissioner. See Whitzell v. Astrue, 792 F. Supp. 2d 143, 147 (D.
Mass. 2011) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)). If a claimant presents new evidence to the court that
was not contained within the administrative record, the court may not consider it. “If additional
evidence is to be considered, it must be by way of remand[]” pursuant to sentence six of section
205(g). Hamilton v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 961 F.2d 1495, 1503 (10th Cir. 1992)
(citing Brown v. Sec’y of Health, Educ. & Welfare, 403 F. Supp. 938, 940–43 (E.D. Wis. 1975).
Sentence six permits the court to remand a case to the Commissioner for further proceedings and
order the evidence to be added to the record for consideration. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (“The
court may . . . at any time order additional evidence to be taken before the Commissioner . . . but
only upon a showing that there is new evidence which is material and that there is good cause for
the failure to incorporate such evidence into the record in a prior proceeding . . . .”).
Under section 205(g), sentence four, this Court’s review of the Commissioner’s decision
is “limited to determining whether the ALJ used the proper legal standards and found facts upon
the proper quantum of evidence.” Ward v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 211 F.3d 652, 655 (1st Cir.
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2000). In conducting such review, the Court must defer to the Commissioner’s factual findings,
so long as such findings are “supported by substantial evidence,” but the court’s review of the
Commissioner’s conclusions of law is de novo. Id.; see also Nguyen v. Chater, 172 F.3d 31, 35
(1st Cir. 1999) (“The ALJ’s findings of fact are conclusive when supported by substantial
evidence . . . but are not conclusive when derived by ignoring evidence, misapplying the law, or
judging matters entrusted to experts.”). Substantial evidence means “more than a mere scintilla.
It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v.
NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938)). The Court “must affirm the [Commissioner’s] resolution,
even if the record arguably could justify a different conclusion, so long as it is supported by
substantial evidence.” Rodriguez Pagan v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 819 F.2d 1, 3 (1st
Cir. 1987) (citing Lizotte v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 654 F.2d 127, 128 (1st Cir.
1981)).
III.
DISCUSSION
Claimant argues that the ALJ’s determination should be reversed for two reasons: (1) the
ALJ failed to properly evaluate the impact of Plaintiff’s mental impairments on her ability to
perform her past relevant work, and (2) the ALJ erred in his credibility assessment in failing to
discuss Claimant’s exemplary work history.
A.
The ALJ Supported His Determination that Claimant’s Mental Impairments
Were Non-Severe with Substantial Evidence
Claimant claims that the ALJ erred in determining that her mental impairments were nonsevere. [ECF No. 19 at 1–2]. An impairment is not severe if it does not significantly limit a
claimant’s “physical or mental ability to do basic work activities.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(c);
Sullivan v. Berryhill, 317 F. Supp. 3d 658, 662 (D. Mass. 2018); Picard v. McMahon, 472 F.
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Supp. 2d 95, 99 (D. Mass. 2007). A determination of nonseverity is generally made without
reference to “age, education, and work experience.” 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(c). To demonstrate
severity, “a claimant must show that an impairment has more than a minimal effect on her ability
to do basic work activities.” Ortiz v. Astrue, No. 10-30009-MAP, 2011 WL 576602, at *4 (D.
Mass. Jan. 10, 2011), report and recommendation adopted, No. 10-30009-MAP, 2011 WL
549775 (D. Mass. Feb. 9, 2011).
A person who is able to perform basic work activities has abilities and aptitudes
necessary to do most jobs. Examples of such abilities and aptitudes include
walking, standing, sitting, lifting, pushing, pulling, reaching, carrying, handling,
seeing, hearing, speaking, understanding, carrying out and remembering simple
instructions, using judgment, and responding appropriately to usual work situations
and changes to such routines.
Picard, 472 F. Supp. 2d at 99–100.
To determine whether a mental impairment is severe, the ALJ examines “the degree of
functional loss attributable to the mental impairment in the four areas of activity considered to be
essential to the ability to work.” Oliveras v. Shalala, 870 F. Supp. 411, 414 (D. Mass. 1994)
(citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920a). The four areas of activity include: 1) daily living, 2) social
functioning, 3) concentration, persistence or pace, and 4) deterioration or decompensation in
work or work-like settings. Oliveras, 870 F. Supp. at 414 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920a). In each
area, the ALJ must rate the degree of the claimant's limitations and determine “whether the
degree of functional loss is so severe that it would prevent the claimant from performing that
activity.” Oliveras, 870 F. Supp. at 414 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920a).
Here, the ALJ determined that Claimant had mental impairments of anxiety, depression,
and substance abuse disorder. [R. 22, 23, 25, 26]. The ALJ concluded the mental impairments
were non-severe, based on evidence that Claimant was being treated for her impairments, and
that they did not cause “more than minimal limitation” in Claimant’s ability to perform basic
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mental work activities. [R. 27]. As noted above, the ALJ considered the four functional areas of
activity as required by the SSA regulations. [R. 28].
With respect to daily living, Claimant could do laundry and manage her self-care.
[R. 370]. She could pay bills and count change. [R. 248]. In 2015, she remodeled her house but
stopped due to pain in her fingers and feet. [R. 594–95]. Three months prior to the hearing, she
flew to California to help watch her grandchildren. [R. 67–69]. Although she was not helping
them physically, she was able to watch the grandchildren for two weeks. [R. 69]. In March
2016, Claimant flew to Iran. [R. 70–71]. Additionally, Dr. Goulding, in his mental RFC finding,
found that Claimant could care for herself, prepare food, do light chores, drive, shop online, and
attend AA meetings and other appointments. [R. 124]. The ALJ appears to have considered
these facts and others in concluding that Claimant had only mild limitation for daily living. He
found:
In this area, the claimant has mild limitation. Activities of daily living includes
adaptive activities such as cleaning, shopping, taking public transportation, paying
bills, maintaining a residence, caring appropriately for grooming and hygiene, using
the telephone and using a post office. The claimant can carry out personal care. She
can prepare meals. She does light laundry and light household chores. She is able to
travel back and forth to California to assist her daughter with her two children. She is
able to travel back and forth to Iran in March of 2016 to assist and visit her mother.
She is able to drive a car. She does shopping by using a computer. She is able to pay
bills, count change, and use a checkbook/money orders. She testified that she owns a
multi-family house with her husband where she will collect rents and call contractors
to perform work on the house as well as landscapers. She [remodeled] her house
sometime in July of 2015.
[R. 28].
For social functioning, Dr. Carpenter found that Claimant had only mild limitations,
while Mr. Condi found that Claimant had moderate limitations. [R. 105, 120]. Dr. Condie found
that Claimant had moderate limitations in her abilities to interact with the public, accept
instructions, respond appropriately to supervisors’ criticism, complete a normal workday and
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workweek without interruptions, and maintain attention and concentration for extended periods.
[R. 125]. However, she was not significantly limited in her abilities to ask questions, request
assistance, get along with coworkers and peers, and maintain overall appropriate social behavior.
[R. 125]. Although Claimant had a history of family problems and pressure from work, she
related adequately and got along with authority figures. [R. 120]. The ALJ, in concluding that
her social functioning limitation was mild, found:
The claimant is able to interact appropriately with her medical providers. She
maintains ongoing relationships with her husband, mother, daughter and grandchildren.
She has been able, in March of this year, to travel internationally to Europe, Turkey
and ultimately to her destination of Iran where she stayed for one month (The claimant
further testified that during the period of alleged disability she would travel to Iran
every other year). She has further been able to conduct air travel to and from California
where she spent time helping her daughter with the children. She has also visited in
the U.S. with a cousin from England this year. She is able to deal with tenants and
contractors in the multi-family house owned jointly by her and her husband.
[R. 28].
For concentration, persistence, or pace, Dr. Munroe found that Claimant could pay bills
and shop on the computer. [R. 370]. She could watch TV and follow the shows. [R. 370]. She
could complete activities of daily living in a timely matter. See [R. 370]. She could do serial
sevens easily down to 51, spelled the word “world” backwards and forwards, and completed a
three-step command without problems. [R. 370]. Dr. Carpenter found that Claimant had mild
difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace. [R. 106]. Dr. Condie also found
Claimant faced mild difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, but that she
concentrated adequately for simple tasks. [R. 120]. Although she had moderate limitations in
completing a normal workday without interruptions, Dr. Condie observed that when Claimant
was sober, she could maintain attention, concentration, persistence, and pace for routine tasks,
for two hours at a time, over a normal workweek with normal supervision. [R. 125]. Both Drs.
Carpenter and Condie concluded that Claimant had no episodes of decompensation. [R. 106,
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120]. The ALJ’s opinion found only mild limitation in concentration, persistence or pace,
because:
Mental status examinations have indicated that the claimant has no limitation with
regards to concentration or memory and her medical records have indicated that the
claimant had negative symptoms regarding depressed mood, insomnia and
decreased appetite . . . . Her recent and remote memory is intact. She retains the
ability to maintain attention, concentration, persistence and pace for tasks for two
hours at a time over a normal workday/workweek. She is able to understand and
recall simple and complex tasks. She has indicated that she has been able to
maneuver airports and airfights for purposes of international and national travel.
[R. 28].
With regards to deterioration or decompensation in work or work-like settings, in finding
there was no evidence that Claimant was deteriorating in a way that would have affected her
ability to work, the ALJ explained:
[C]laimant has experienced no episodes of decompensation, which have been of
extended duration. Episodes of decompensation include an increase in signs or
symptoms, which require the individual to enter a higher level of care or a need for
increased medication or treatment. The claimant has not been hospitalized for
extended periods.
[R. 28].
Claimant cites to the opinions by Dr. Munroe and the non-examining state agency
consultants, as well as medical records and third-party statements, in challenging the ALJ’s
finding of non-severe mental impairments. [ECF No. 19 at 4–8, 11]. Claimant essentially
alleges that the record supports a different conclusion than that reached by the ALJ. [ECF No.
19 at 4–8, 11–13]. Factual determinations are reserved for the Commissioner, and “the Court
must uphold the Commissioner’s determination, ‘even if the record arguably could justify a
different conclusion, so long as it is supported by substantial evidence.’” Amaral v. Comm’r of
Soc. Sec., 797 F. Supp. 2d 154, 159 (D. Mass. 2010) (quoting Rodriguez Pagan, 819 F.2d at 3).
Here, the ALJ resolved a difference of opinion among the physicians as to whether Claimants’
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mental impairments resulted in more than mild limitations with well-reasoned explanations
based on the factual evidence.
Claimant further argues that the ALJ erred in determining her RFC by failing to consider
her non-severe mental impairments. [ECF No. 19 at 9, 12]. In fact, the ALJ took account of
Claimant’s “emotional problems,” her ability to “think, communicate, and care for her own
needs,” and the phycological assessment when he determined her RFC. [R. 32]. Although the
ALJ did not reference Claimant’s anxiety or depression with medical terminology in determining
her RFC, the ALJ accounted for the effects of claimant’s non-severe mental impairments.3 [R.
32]. Although Claimant feels her non-severe impairments are more debilitating than found by
the ALJ, this is a question of fact and the Court must defer to the ALJs determination where it
was supported by substantial evidence. See Sullivan v. Colvin, No. 14-13772-LTS, 2015 WL
5613163, at *2 (D. Mass. Sept. 24, 2015) (“Where the administrative record might support
multiple conclusions, the Court must uphold the Commissioner’s findings when they are
supported by substantial evidence.”) citing Ortiz v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 955 F.2d
765, 770 (1st Cir. 1991)).
For the reasons stated above, substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s findings that
Claimant’s mental impairments were non-severe, and that her mental impairments were not so
limiting as to preclude her from returning to her past relevant work.
3
The Commissioner argues that non-severe mental impairments do not necessarily need to be
taken into account in the RFC determination. [ECF No. 21 at 13–14]. The Court does not
address that argument because it finds that the potential impacts of Claimant’s non-severe mental
impairments were considered.
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B.
The ALJ Did not Err in Failing to Discuss Claimant’s “Exemplary Work
History”
Lastly, Claimant challenges the ALJ’s credibility finding on the basis that the ALJ failed
to discuss Claimant’s “exemplary work history.” [ECF No. 19 at 16]. Claimant argues that the
ALJ failed to consider that from 1990, shortly after she immigrated to the United States, to 2012,
she “earned covered earnings in virtually every available quarter” and that it is therefore unlikely
that she would trade in her exemplary work career in order to receive disability benefits. [ECF
No. 19 at 16]. Generally, claimants face a difficult battle in challenging credibility
determinations because “under the substantial evidence standard, the Court must uphold the
Commissioner’s determination, ‘even if the record arguably could justify a different conclusion,
so long as it is supported by substantial evidence.’” Amaral, 797 F. Supp. 2d at 159 (quoting
Rodriguez Pagan, 819 F.2d at 3).
The First Circuit has not ruled on whether work history should inform the ALJ’s
credibility determination. See Alberts v. Astrue, No. 11-11139-DJC, 2013 WL 1331110, at *15
(D. Mass. Mar. 29, 2013). An ALJ, however, “is not required to discuss every piece of relevant
evidence provided that [the ALJ’s] conclusion is supported by substantial evidence.” Foster v.
Colvin, No. 15-11841-DJC, 2016 WL 3360574, at *9 (D. Mass. June 16, 2016) (citing Dube v.
Astrue, 781 F. Supp. 2d 27, 34–35 n. 11 (D.N.H. 2011)) (affirming the ALJ’s determination
assessing the credibility of claimant’s subjective complaints of pain and limiting symptoms).
Here, the ALJ considered Claimant’s work history, including the fact that she had been laid off
from positions, and that after completing her most recent job as a consultant at a law firm, “she
did not have additional work to do” and was “looking for part time work with a flexible schedule,”
which she could not find. [R. 31]. The ALJ determined that Claimant’s self-assessment of her
impairments “impacted her ability to work to a considerably more restricted degree than what is
17
established by the medical evidence.” [R. 30]. Although the ALJ was not required to discuss the
lengthy period during which Claimant earned wages and paid social security taxes, he
nonetheless provided an explanation for why he discounted Claimant’s assessment that she was
unable to work, and the fact that Claimant would have preferred that the ALJ emphasize a
different perspective on her work history is not a basis for reversal.
IV.
CONCLUSION
The Court finds that the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence and
therefore DENIES Claimant’s motion to reverse and remand and ALLOWS the Commissioner’s
motion to affirm.
SO ORDERED.
December 17, 2018
/s/ Allison D. Burroughs
ALLISON D. BURROUGHS
U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE
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