L.A. Insurance Agency Franchising, LLC v. Montes et al
Filing
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OPINION and ORDER re 39 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction Against Defendants Montes and L.A. Insurance Agency NV26, LLC, 43 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction , 45 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction Against Defendants Montes, L.A. Insurance Agency NV12, LLC, L.A. Insurance Agency NV15, LLC, and L.A. Insurance Agency NV 17, LLC Signed by Magistrate Judge David R. Grand. (EBut)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
L.A. INSURANCE AGENCY
FRANCHISING, LLC,
Plaintiff,
Civil Action No. 14-14432
Magistrate Judge David R. Grand
v.
CLAUDIA MONTES, et al.,
Defendants.
________________________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER (1) GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART
PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AGAINST
DEFENDANTS MONTES AND L.A. INSURANCE AGENCY NV 26 [39]; (2)
GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR
TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
AGAINST DEFENDANTS MONTES AND L.A. INSURANCE AGENCIES NV 12, 15,
AND 17 [45]; AND (3) DENYING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR PRELIMIANRY
INJUNCTION [43]
Before the Court is L.A. Insurance Agency Franchising, LLC’s (“L.A. Insurance” or the
“company”) motion for a preliminary injunction against Claudia Montes (“Montes”) and L.A.
Insurance Agency NV 26, LLC (“NV 26”) [39] and L.A. Insurance’s separate motion for a
temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction against Montes and L.A. Insurance
Agencies NV 12, LLC, NV 15, LLC and NV 17, LLC (“NVs 12, 15, and 17”) (along with
“Montes” and “NV 26,” collectively referred to as “defendants”). [45].
Defendants filed
responses to both of these motions [49, 51] and L.A. Insurance filed a single reply in support of
both motions. [56]. Also before the Court is defendants’ motion for preliminary injunction [43],
to which L.A. Insurance filed a response. [53].
The parties have consented to this Court’s conducting of all proceedings, including the
entry of a final judgment, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 73. [29]. Since the
relevant facts and arguments are sufficiently presented in these submissions, the Court will
dispense with oral argument pursuant to E.D. Mich. L.R. 7.1(f)(2).
I.
BACKGROUND
L.A. Insurance is a national insurance agency located in Royal Oak, Michigan. [45, Ex. A
at ¶ 4]. The company licenses independent franchises who sell auto insurance policies through
third-party insurance carriers. [Id. at ¶ 3].
Franchisees pay L.A. Insurance a set fee and
commissions to advertise their services using L.A. Insurance’s registered trademark, “L.A.
Insurance Agencies.” [Id. at ¶¶ 6-7]. Montes is the managing member of four Nevada-based
limited liability companies, NV 12, NV 15, NV 17 and NV 26. [Id. at ¶ 10]. From May 2009
through February 2011, each of these entities entered into individual agreements with L.A.
Insurance to operate franchises across the Las Vegas, Nevada area. [42, Ex. A-D].
On August 12, 2014, Montes informed L.A. Insurance that she planned on closing the
NV26 franchise location at the end of the month because the business was losing significant
amounts of money. [1, Ex. B]. Montes also stated that she intended to refer NV 26’s clients to
her other then-“current locations,” which would have consisted of NV 12, NV 15 and NV 17.
[Id.]. According to L.A. Insurance, on or about August 30, 2014, Montes closed the NV 26
location without its authorization and opened another insurance agency at a new location “using
Plaintiff’s L.A. Insurance name and trademark to promote the business and Plaintiff’s franchise
operating system to operate the business.” [45, Ex. A at ¶ 12]. Montes then failed to respond to
several letters from L.A. Insurance’s counsel demanding that she provide an accounting for each
of her franchises so that the company could exercise its purchase options under the respective
franchise agreements. Ultimately, L.A. Insurance terminated the NV 26 franchise on November
5, 2014. [1, Ex. G].
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Shortly thereafter, L.A. Insurance filed this lawsuit alleging claims for, among other
things, breach of contract and federal and common law trademark infringement and unfair
competition. [1]. On August 17, 2015, L.A. Insurance filed its first motion for a preliminary
injunction against Montes and NV 26 [39] seeking to enjoin them from: (1) using L.A.
Insurance’s name or trademark to promote and operate their “unauthorized” insurance agency;
(2) misappropriating L.A. Insurance’s confidential and proprietary information; and (3)
competing against L.A. Insurance and its other Las Vegas franchises pursuant to the terms of the
NV26 franchise agreement. Additionally, L.A. Insurance petitioned the Court to require Montes
and NV26 to: (4) return any confidential or proprietary information in their possession, along
with any materials that contain L.A. Insurance’s name or trademark; and (5) file a written report
within 30 days of a prospective court order verifying their compliance with any mandated
injunctive relief. [39 at 2-4].
Coincident with the filing of its first preliminary injunction motion, L.A. Insurance
discovered that Montes had also removed all signs depicting the L.A. Insurance name and
trademark from the storefronts of the NV 12, NV 15, and NV 17 franchise locations. Further
investigation revealed that Montes appeared to be operating these insurance agencies under the
name “Beeing Protected Insurance Agencies,” although she allegedly continued to use L.A.
Insurance’s name and trademark on promotional materials. [45, Ex. A at ¶ 17]. As a result, L.A.
Insurance terminated the NV12, NV 15 and NV 17 franchise agreements on August 27, 2015.
[Id. at ¶ 26].
In view of the foregoing, L.A. Insurance filed another motion, this time seeking a
temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction against Montes and NV 12, NV 15, and
NV 17. [45]. In addition to the relief already requested in its first motion, L.A. Insurance urged
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the Court to: (1) enjoin any further use of the advertised telephone numbers associated with the
franchises; (2) order Montes and the franchises to “file an abandonment or discontinuance of the
name with the appropriate local, county or state agency;” (3) order Montes and the franchises to
surrender possession of the franchise locations to L.A. Insurance pursuant to the terms of the
respective franchise agreements; and (4) order Montes and the franchises to comply with the
post-termination obligations enumerated in the respective franchise agreements. [45 at 3-4].
At this juncture, defendants filed their own motion for preliminary injunction seeking to
enjoin L.A. Insurance from interfering with their contractual arrangements with a number of
third-party insurance carriers. [43]. Defendants specifically maintained that L.A. Insurance
improperly requested that the insurance carriers withhold their commissions and forward the
funds to L.A. Insurance’s corporate office. To support this contention, defendants’ attached an
April 18, 2015 e-mail from L.A. Insurance’s in-house counsel to an insurance carrier “asking
that you please forward all commissions to L.A. Insurance Franchising Corporate office . . .”
[Id., Ex. A-1]. Defendants asserted that L.A. Insurance sent similar e-mails to multiple insurance
carriers, which “convinced several of [them] to cease any and all business with [Montes].”1 [Id.
at 3]. While defendants have not requested any particular form of equitable relief, it appears they
want the Court to issue an order requiring L.A. Insurance to withdraw its request for the
commissions and determine whether the NV 26 franchise agreement is void as a contract of
adhesion.
II.
ANALYSIS
The Court will grant L.A. Insurance’s motions insofar as it seeks: (1) to enjoin defendants
1
L.A. Insurance does not dispute this contention. In fact, the company appended copies of
several e-mails to its motion papers, wherein L.A. Insurance’s in-house counsel asked a number
of insurance carriers to forward defendants’ commissions to its corporate office. [45, Ex. A, Tab
# 9].
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from using its name or trademark in the promotion and operation of any unauthorized franchise
or competing business; (2) the return of any confidential and proprietary materials in defendants’
possession; and (3) an order of the Court requiring defendants to “file an abandonment or
discontinuance of the name with the appropriate local, county or state agency.” With regards to
the above relief, defendants deny they are using L.A. Insurance’s name or trademark or that they
possess any of L.A. Insurance’s confidential and proprietary materials. Defendants have even
offered to file “a discontinuance of any mention of L.A. Insurance with the appropriate
governmental agencies.” [51 at 9]. Most importantly, defendants have not raised any substantive
defenses to L.A. Insurance’s trademark infringement or unfair competition claims. Thus, the
Court has no reason to question the validity of L.A. Insurance’s trademark, and it likewise
perceives no prejudice that would potentially inure to defendants by granting the above relief.
On the other hand, at least at this juncture, the Court will deny L.A. Insurance’s motions
to the extent it seeks to enforce the non-competition provisions of the franchise agreements.
According to L.A. Insurance, the entire instant dispute arose only after Montes initially breached
the NV 26 franchise agreement by closing down that franchise and opening an “unauthorized”
insurance agency at another location – 4601 W. Sahara Ave. [1, Ex. E]. This version of events,
however, is not adequately supported by the present record to merit the extraordinary injunctive
relief requested.
Aside from L.A. Insurance’s regional representative’s averment that,
“[d]efendant NV26 is a former L.A. Insurance Agency franchisee presently operating an
unauthorized insurance agency using [L.A. Insurance’s trademark and business system at 4601
W. Sahara Ave.,” [15-2 at ¶ 11], and an inference that can be drawn from Montes’ affidavit that
she has some connection to that location [49-1 at ¶¶ 4-5]2, there is no evidence verifying whether
2
To be clear, the apparent reasonableness of the inference urged by L.A. Insurance – that
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Montes or NV26 actually own the “unauthorized” insurance agency. The Court notes that L.A.
Insurance obtained this information from the Nevada Secretary of State’s office for some of
Montes’s other alleged “unauthorized” insurance agencies.3 For whatever reason, the company
neglected to do so for this particular entity. Therefore, since insufficient evidence has been
presented for the Court to conclusively determine whether Montes and/or NV 26 initially
violated the NV26 franchise agreement, and since the remainder of the parties’ dispute seems to
flow from that initial alleged breach, the Court declines L.A. Insurance’s request to enjoin
defendants from operating their businesses at this juncture.
As for defendants’ motion for preliminary injunction, the Court concludes that they are
not entitled to any form of equitable relief. Courts generally evaluate four factors when deciding
a motion for a preliminary injunction: “(1) whether the movant has a strong likelihood of success
on the merits; (2) whether the movant would suffer irreparable injury without the injunction; (3)
whether issuance of the injunction would cause substantial harm to others; and (4) whether the
public interest would be served by issuance of the injunction.” City of Pontiac Retired
Employees Ass’n v. Schimmel, 751 F.3d 427, 430 (6th Cir. 2014) (per curiam) (en banc) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Here, defendants have not satisfied either of the first two factors.
Concerning their likelihood of success on the merits, defendants have not sufficiently
Montes is the owner/operator of that location – is not lost on the Court. It may be that L.A.
Insurance can obtain the necessary evidence to establish this point without any discovery, or with
only limited discovery, in which case a renewed motion may be appropriate. However, in light
of the extraordinary relief being requested by L.A. Insurance with respect to the enforcement of
its non-compete provisions, the Court considers an omission such as this more than a mere
technicality that can be glossed over.
3
L.A. Insurance’s regional representative attested that a “[r]eview of the State of Nevada
corporate records has revealed that Defendant Montes formed “Beeing Protected Insurance
Agency NV 1, LLC” as early as July 21, 2014, and that the address listed for its registered office
is the same address as the NV12 Franchise location.” [45, Ex. A at ¶ 20; see also Tab # 3].
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demonstrated that L.A. Insurance exceeded its contractual authority when it asked the insurance
carriers to forward defendants’ commissions directly to its corporate office. All of the relevant
franchise agreements provide that: “If Franchisee commits a default under this Agreement that is
not cured within 10 days of written notice, then Franchisor will have the right to: . . . (e) require
payments to Franchisee from Authorized Insurance Carriers be paid through Franchisor . . .” [42,
Exs. A and D at § 14.5(e), Exs. B and C at § 13.5(e)]. Here, defendants, as the party with the
burden of proof, failed to clearly establish that they had not defaulted on their respective
franchise agreements such that the Court could conclude that L.A. Insurance unjustifiably
invoked the above contractual provision. Nor may the Court consider Montes’s assertion that the
NV 26 franchise agreement should be invalidated as a contract of adhesion because her unsworn,
electronically signed declaration to this effect [43-1], is not subscribed by her “as true under
penalty of perjury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1746. The Court also notes that Montes’ argument rests on
numerous factual assertions [e.g., 43-1 at ¶¶ 41-43] which, at best, are not ripe for adjudication
without first giving L.A. Insurance adequate time to conduct discovery into those matters.
Furthermore, the record does not support defendants’ contention that they have been
irreparably harmed by L.A. Insurance’s conduct because the parties acknowledge that the
withheld commissions have a clearly defined monetary value (approximately $60,000). Thus,
defendants would be fully compensated by an award of money damages, including lost interest.
Finally, there are serious questions as to whether the Court has the authority to compel
the insurance carriers to release the commissions because, as non-parties to this litigation, they
are not subject to the Court’s jurisdiction. At best, even if the Court were to order L.A.
Insurance to withdraw its request for the commissions, there are no measures at the Court’s
disposal that would require the insurance carriers to hand the commissions over to defendants
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prior to the issuance of a judgment in their favor.
In sum, without having established their likelihood of success on the merits, or that they
would be irreparably harmed in the absence of injunctive relief, defendants’ motion for
preliminary injunction must be denied. See Jones v. City of Monroe, 341 F.3d 474, 476 (6th Cir.
2003) (noting that “a district court is not required to make specific findings concerning each of
the four factors used in determining a motion for preliminary injunction if fewer factors are
dispositive of the issue.”); see also Gonzales v. Nat’l Bd. of Med. Examiners, 225 F.3d 620, 625
(6th Cir. 2000) (stating that “[a]lthough no one factor is controlling, a finding that there is simply
no likelihood of success on the merits is usually fatal.”).
Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that L.A. Insurance’s motion for preliminary injunction
against defendant’s Montes and L.A. Insurance Agency NV 26 [39] and L.A. Insurance’s motion
for a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction against Montes and L.A. Insurance
Agencies NV 12, NV 15, and NV 17 [45] are GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART;
defendants shall have seven (7) days from the date of entry of this Opinion and Order to: (1)
cease and desist from using L.A. Insurance’s name or trademark in the promotion and operation
of any unauthorized franchise or competing insurance agency; (2) return any confidential and
proprietary materials in their possession belonging to L.A. Insurance; and (3) file the necessary
paperwork with the appropriate local, county and/or state agencies in order to abandon or
discontinue the use of L.A. Insurance’s name in the operation of any unauthorized franchise or
competing insurance agency. Defendants shall have three (3) days thereafter to file a notice
with the Court verifying their compliance with the above measures.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that defendants’ motion for preliminary injunction [43] is
DENIED.
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Dated: September 30, 2015
Ann Arbor, Michigan
s/David R. Grand
DAVID R. GRAND
United States Magistrate Judge
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned certifies that the foregoing document was served upon counsel of record
and any unrepresented parties via the Court’s ECF System to their respective email or First Class
U.S. mail addresses disclosed on the Notice of Electronic Filing on September 30, 2015.
s/Eddrey O. Butts
EDDREY O. BUTTS
Case Manager
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