State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company v. Elite Health Centers Inc. et al
Filing
535
OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING in part and DENYING in part 384 Motion to Compel AND Striking 483 --Signed by Magistrate Judge Anthony P. Patti. (MWil)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
STATE FARM MUTUAL
AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Plaintiff,
Case No. 2:16-cv-13040
District Judge Avern Cohn
Magistrate Judge Anthony P. Patti
v.
ELITE HEALTH CENTERS, INC.,
ELITE CHIROPRACTIC, P.C.,
ELITE REHABILITATION, INC.,
MIDWEST MEDICAL
ASSOCIATES, INC., PURE
REHABILITATION, INC., DEREK
L. BITTNER, D.C., P.C., MARK A.
RADOM, DEREK LAWRENCE
BITTNER, D.C., RYAN MATTHEW
LUKOWSKI, D.C., MICHAEL P.
DRAPLIN, D.C., NOEL H. UPFALL,
D.O., MARK J. JUSKA, M.D.,
SUPERIOR DIAGNOSTICS, INC.,
CHINTAN DESAI, M.D., MICHAEL
J. PALEY, M.D., DEARBORN
CENTER FOR PHYSICAL
THERAPY, L.L.C., MICHIGAN
CENTER FOR PHYSICAL
THERAPY, INC., and JAYSON
ROSETT
Defendants.
_________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART
STATE FARM MUTUAL’S MOTION TO COMPEL MICHAEL MORSE
TO PRODUCE DOCUMENTS RESPONSIVE TO STATE FARM
MUTUAL’S SUBPOENA (DE 384) AND STRIKING DE 483 FROM THE
DOCKET
I.
Introduction
This matter is before the Court for consideration of Plaintiff State Farm
Mutual Automobile Insurance Company’s (“State Farm’s”) Motion to Compel
Michael Morse to Produce Documents Responsive to State Farm’s Subpoena (DE
384), non-party Michael Morse’s response in opposition (DE 403), State Farm’s
reply brief (DE 409), and the joint statement of resolved and unresolved issues (DE
455). All discovery matters have been referred to me for hearing and
determination (DE 229), and a hearing was held on this motion on May 10, 2019,
at which time the Court took this matter under advisement. (DE 474.)
II.
Background
A.
Factual Allegations
On August 22, 2016, Plaintiff State Farm brought this action against 18
defendants – doctors, chiropractors, physical therapy, health care and chiropractic
clinics, and other individual defendants—all of whom are alleged to have played a
role in a scheme to defraud State Farm:
by submitting or causing to be submitted, bills and supporting
documentation for services that are purportedly rendered to
individuals (“patients”) who have been in automobile accidents and
are eligible for personal injury protection benefits (“No-Fault
Benefits”) under State Farm Mutual policies when, in fact, the
services are either not rendered or are not medically necessary.
2
(DE 1, ¶ 1.)1 State Farm alleges claims for fraud, civil conspiracy and unjust
enrichment. (Id. ¶¶ 222-265.)
State Farm’s 116-page Complaint, with 32 exhibits, and its 40-page brief in
support of its motion to compel here, with 114 exhibits, provide a detailed and
exhaustive discussion of the facts, allegations, and documentary evidence
supporting its claims against Defendants regarding the 221 State Farm insureds
whose claims are at issue in this case, and State Farm’s allegations regarding nonparty attorney Michael Morse’s involvement in the alleged fraudulent scheme. In
addition, State Farm’s counsel provided an extensive, detailed summary and
chronology of the alleged fraudulent scheme at a prior hearing held on March 22,
2019, the bulk of which focused on Morse’s contributions to and benefit from the
alleged fraudulent medical billing scheme at issue here. (DE 432 at 25-56.) Based
1
The Complaint also describes “apparent cross-referral relationships with personal
injury attorneys who represent patients in connection with [bodily injury claims]
and [uninsured motorist claims] and who are referral sources for Defendants,” and
states that the “vast majority” of the Elite Entities’ patients identified who are
represented by an attorney are represented by one particular personal injury
attorney, the “PI Attorney.” (DE 1, ¶¶ 66-67.) Although the Complaint does not
specifically name Michael Morse, footnote 3 of the Complaint states: “Plaintiff
Investment Funding, LLC operates out of the former office of one particular
personal injury attorney (the “PI Attorney”) who, as set forth below, represents a
significant number of Elite Entities’ patients.” (See DE 1 at 23.) Clearly, in light
of the record as now presented by State Farm, the “PI Attorney” referenced in the
Complaint, as what can best be characterized as an “unnamed co-conspirator” in
the alleged fraudulent scheme, is Morse.
3
on all of that, the following is a broad summary of the alleged fraudulent scheme,
as supported by this very extensive record:
1.
Solicitation of clients
According to State Farm, the first step in Defendants’ alleged fraudulent
scheme was the unlawful solicitation of accident victims, using “runners, cappers,
and steerers (collectively “Solicitors”)” to obtain patients, as well as through the
purchase of unapproved police reports, and also “receiv[ing] referrals from
personal injury attorneys pursuant to their apparent cross-referral relationships with
them.” (DE 1, ¶¶ 80-81.) State Farm alleges that “[t]his is an important first step
because patients are the lifeblood of the scheme, both for Defendants and for the
personal injury attorneys with whom Defendants have critically important crossreferral relationships.” (Id. ¶ 80.) As discussed in more detail below, State Farm
has shown that Morse was involved in the solicitation of accident victims, both for
representation by him and for treatment at Defendants’ clinics, through quid pro
quo cross-referral relationships.
2.
The “Predetermined Protocol”
State Farm alleges that the Defendants next proceed pursuant to a
predetermined treatment protocol (the “Predetermined Protocol”) whereby the
contacted patients are typically evaluated initially by an Elite chiropractor, who
makes a list of predetermined findings and diagnoses and then recommends a
4
predetermined chiropractic treatment protocol (which is not individually tailored to
the particular patient), typically consisting of treatment three times per week for up
to 12 weeks. During that treatment, patients are sent to one of the Defendant Elite
clinics for evaluation by a physician who in turn conducts a fraudulent examination
and prescribes physical therapy pursuant to the Predetermined Protocol at one of
the Defendant physical therapy clinics, while continuing (often duplicative)
chiropractic treatment. Defendant chiropractors and doctors also order
unnecessary MRIs for patients, performed at one the MRI facilities in which
Defendants (and Morse) have an ownership or other financial interest ̶ either
Horizon Imaging, LLC (“Horizon”) or Defendant Superior Diagnostics, Inc.
(“Superior”). This cycle continues until either the patient voluntarily stops
treatment or State Farm stops paying, based on the result of an independent
medical examination (“IME”).
The three defendants who owned and controlled the clinics and MRI
facilities at issue are: (1) Derek Bittner, D.C.; (2) Mark Radom (Morse’s former
brother-in-law); and (3) Jayson Rosett.
3.
Morse, Radom, PIF and Bio-Magnetic
According to State Farm, and as set forth in detail in its motion, although not
a named defendant in this case, attorney Michael Morse is an integral part of the
alleged scheme to defraud State Farm. By way of background, State Farm states
5
that Morse was instrumental in Defendant Radom (Morse’s then brother-in-law)
being hired in 2009 by Plaintiff Investment Funding, LLC (“PIF”), a Michigan
company that makes cash advances at very high interest rates to individuals with
personal injury claims. Morse was responsible for about 40% of PIF’s referrals,
and PIF operated out of Morse’s former office and paid more than $450,000 in rent
to entities owned by Morse.
Morse also played a key role in Radom being hired as a “marketer” in late
2009 or early 2010 by Bio-Magnetic, an MRI facility owned by Dr. Ram
Gunabalan that did MRI reads for many of Morse’s clients. State Farm contends
that Morse pressured Bio-Magnetic for abnormal MRI reads, complaining that,
“We are seeing a lot of negatives” and that normal MRI interpretations were
“killing [him]” and would “put [him] out of business.” (DE 384 at 14, citing 384-4
to 384-6.) According to State Farm, Morse required Bio-Magnetic to pay $80,000
in salary to Radom in exchange for Morse’s continued referrals to Bio-Magnetic.
State Farm further contends that Radom did not appear to have provided any
services to PIF or Bio-Magnetic beyond guaranteeing referrals to those entities
from Morse, and that this arrangement was consistent with Morse’s practice of
demanding kickbacks from providers in exchange for referring his clients to them.2
2
In fact, Radom’s ex-wife, Amy Rosenberg, stated in her affidavit that although
she read in the newspaper a year ago that her former husband had been employed
6
State Farm states that this arrangement with Bio-Magnetic ended when Radom,
potentially as a straw owner or partner of Morse, acquired an interest in Horizon
Imaging, LLC, another MRI facility that State Farm contends provided fraudulent
MRIs to 84 of the State Farm 221 insureds at issue (65 of whom were represented
by Morse).
4.
Morse, Radom and Horizon
According to State Farm, Morse decided to form Horizon Imaging, LLC in
the fall of 2010, through which he could profit directly from his clients’ MRIs by
virtue of an undisclosed majority ownership interest. Starting in September 2010
and through December 2010, Morse began negotiating to acquire a majority
ownership interest in Horizon, but at the last minute arranged for Radom to acquire
the majority interest instead, seemingly as a straw man. (DE 384 at 18-19.) While
an earlier draft operating agreement for Horizon was to be between Morse and
Scott Zack and Cory Mann (or entities they owned), a draft operating agreement
dated on or around October 18, 2010 was revised to be between Mann’s and
Zack’s companies, and a third party, referenced in the first paragraph as “_______
(‘other’).” (Id. at 19, citing DE 384-20.) This blank was for Morse’s entity and
replaced an explicit reference in the earlier draft operating agreement to Morse as
Horizon’s third member. (Id.) In an October 28, 2010 email to the attorney setting
by Bio-Magnetic, she did not know this and had never even heard of that company
or of Gunabalan. (DE 505-1, ¶ 14.)
7
up the corporation, Morse stated he had “read the agreement” and asked if the
confidentiality agreement was strong enough because he did not “want them to be
able to mention my name to anyone, anytime about anything short of a court order
or with [his] written permission.” (DE 384 at 20, citing DE 384-21.) Subsequent
emails show that the parties replaced Morse’s name with Radom’s on the operating
agreement, but that Morse, through his attorney, continued to be involved in
negotiating the final operating agreement. (DE 384 at 20-22, citing DEs 384-21 to
384-27.)
Radom (and his then-wife Amy) formed HI Investor, LLC and HI Group,
LLC in December 2010 to acquire a membership interest in Horizon.3 The final
Horizon operating agreement, dated January 11, 2011, makes no reference to
Morse or any entity owned by him, but instead to HI Investor (Radom) and three
other members: Mann Global (Cory Mann), Zack Global (Scott Zack), and
Professional Holdings Unlimited (Vincent Celetano). (DE 504-1.)
3
However, Amy Rosenberg stated that she did not know she was an owner of
Horizon, and that she had not heard the names “HI Group” or “HI Investor” until
her subsequent divorce proceedings from Radom. (DE 505-1, ¶¶ 16-17.) She
similarly was unaware until recently that she had been named as a Director of Elite
Rehab. (Id. ¶ 46 (stating that she “do[es] not understand what a ‘director’ of a
business is or does” and that she “never attended any meetings for Elite Rehab or
made any decisions related to the business”).) After her divorce from Radom, and
after Rosenberg received a subpoena from State Farm in this case, she met with
Radom, and according to Rosenberg, Radom told her if she “produced documents,
‘especially the ones from Michael,’ then ‘everyone was going to go down,’ and
that it would be all [her] fault,” and that “if [she] ‘talked’ and produced the
documents ‘the FBI will come knocking on [her] door.’” (Id. ¶ 53.)
8
State Farm contends that between January 2011 and June 2015, Horizon
paid HI Investor at least $5.8 million pursuant to HI Investor’s 38% membership
interest in Horizon, and that Radom then transferred at least $1.6 million of this
money from HI Investor to or on behalf of Morse. (DE 384 at 23-25, citing DEs
384-30 to 384-36, 386-24.) During that time period, Morse continued to receive
financial statements from the other members of Horizon LLC, was closely tracking
patient referrals, and was requiring his clients get their MRIs at Horizon. (DEs 384
at 27-28, 388 at 28-29, citing DEs 504-3 to 504-8, 504-11.) Radom further
directed the other owners of Horizon to conceal his ownership interest in Horizon,
stating, “I am the Director of Marketing at Horizon and that is it. No one is ever to
know that I own a percentage of the practice. People are sniffing around and
assuming things and asking questions. In our agreement, no one is to mention that
I own anything. Let’s all be consistent with that message no matter what you are
asked or faced with.” (DEs 384 at 28-29, 388 at 29-30, citing DE 504-12.) Radom
then forwarded this email to Morse. (Id.)
5.
Morse, Radom/HI Investor, Bittner and the Elite Entities
On January 3, 2011, eight days before the Final Horizon Operating
Agreement was signed, Morse met with Bittner to discuss a business deal. (DEs
384 at 29, 388 at 30, citing DEs 504-13 to 504-14.) Five months later, in the
summer of 2011, Bittner and Radom, through HI Investor, formed the three
9
Defendant Elite Entities (Elite Health Centers, Inc. (“Elite Health”), Elite
Chiropractic, P.C. (“Elite Chiro”), and Elite Rehabilitation, Inc. (“Elite Rehab”)
(with Elite Health and Elite Rehab set up as non-profits)). According to State
Farm, through March 2014, these clinics treated 112 of the 221 insureds at issue, at
least 63 of whom were represented by Morse.
In March 2014, Radom, through HI Investor, and Bittner formed as nonprofit corporations Defendants Pure Rehabilitation, Inc. (“Pure Rehab”) and
Midwest Medical Associates, Inc. (“Midwest”), to replace the Elite Entities. Pure
Rehab and Midwest continued with the same Predetermined Protocol and operated
from the same locations and with the same staff and same patients as the Elite
entities.
6.
Morse, Radom/HI Investor, Bittner and Superior
Also in March 2014, around the same time as Defendants created Pure
Rehab and Midwest, Radom through HI Investor, and Bittner formed Superior as a
non-profit corporation, to serve as the primary MRI provider for patients treating
at Pure Rehab and Midwest. Around that same time, HI Investor pulled out of
Horizon following a business dispute and subsequent arbitration. State Farm
contends that Morse had a similar role in Superior as Horizon. As with Horizon,
Morse continued to receive reports and financial statements from Radom for
Superior. (DEs 384 at 32-33, 388 at 33-34, citing DEs 504-14 to 504-16.) For
10
example, Radom sent Morse Superior’s profit and loss statement on August 13,
2015, and Morse responded that he “want[ed] to be able to log in and click and see
what is up. Real time. Up to date. Whenever I want. Make it happen!” (DE 50416.)
In sum, Morse’s clients who treated at Defendants’ clinics had MRIs: (1) at
Horizon from 2011 to February 2014; (2) at M1 Imaging (co-owned by Joshua
Katke and Defendant Chintan Desai) from February to July 2014; and, (3) at
Superior from July 2014 to present. (DE 385-27.)
7.
Radom, Bittner and D&M Management LLC
State Farm contends that, because Radom and Bittner could not lawfully
profit from the non-profit clinics, and Radom (as a layperson) could not lawfully
profit from Elite Chiro, they used a purported management company they coowned, D&M Management LLC (“D&M”), to siphon off more than $4 million
from the Elite Entities under the guise of “management fees” – paying more than
$3.2 million to Radom and more than $2.2 million to Bittner. (DE 384 at 33.)
8.
Jayson Rosett, AIB and the illegal purchase of unauthorized
police reports, and solicitation of clients
According to State Farm, Defendant Jayson Rosett, the owner of Defendants
Michigan Center for Physical Therapy, Dearborn Center for Physical Therapy and
Oak Park Center for Physical Therapy, started illegally purchasing unapproved
police reports regarding automobile accidents from Detroit police officers in late
11
2009 or early 2010 – before they were publicly available to law enforcement,
attorneys, or insurers – in order to solicit auto accident victims and refer them to
personal injury attorneys. Rosett first solicited clients for his college friend,
attorney Ron Applebaum, and by June 2010, after he formed the first of his
physical therapy clinics, for Morse. In exchange, Morse’s marketing director,
Janet Rosenberg, directed chiropractors who treated Morse’s clients to refer them
to Rosett’s physical therapy clinics. (See DEs 385-33 to 385-36.)
These quid pro quo, cross-referral relationships between Morse and the
healthcare providers continued. By September 2010, Janet Rosenberg, Morse’s
marketing director, figured out a way to connect Rosett’s calls with potential
clients directly to Morse’s office. (DE 385-39.) In 2011, Rosett began obtaining
unapproved police reports from Detroit Police Officers Karen Miller and Carol
Almeranti, and delivering them to Morse’s firm, where they were used to solicit
auto accident victims. Those “converted” auto accident victims were then referred
to one of two chiropractors, who in turn would refer them to Rosett’s physical
therapy clinic. In an August 12, 2011 email, Morse told Rosett, “Let’s do the
police report thing. Just get them to me and I will get you more active treating
patients. It will work.” (DE 384 at 35, citing DE 386.) State Farm contends that
Rosett started to hand-deliver unapproved police reports to Morse daily. (DEs
386-1, 386-2.) In a September 14, 2011 email, Morse inquired “Reports today?
12
Are you starting to order more? I am spending a s**t load on new mailers so keep
them coming!” ̶ to which Rosett responded, “Yes, they are o[u]t to you now. I’m
also spending a ton. I can’t wait for the first one to hit. Do you want me to drop
off reports tomorrow and Friday? If so, please make sure that they fall into the
right hands.” (DE 386-1.) Morse then replied, “Yes. Bring them over.” (Id.)
According to State Farm, obtaining these unapproved police reports gave Morse,
Rosett and the Elite Defendants a competitive edge because they then had access to
this accident information and potential clients before it was available to anyone
else.
This cross-referral practice continued in mid-2012, at which time Rosett
formed an entity called Accident Information Bureau (“AIB”). AIB was used as a
“call center” to solicit clients for Morse and patients for Defendants ̶ taking the
names from the unapproved police reports, which had been put into spreadsheets,
to solicit the auto accident victims to treat at Elite Health and Elite Chiro, who
would then refer them to Morse, and who were then referred to physical therapy at
either the Rosett clinics or the Elite clinics.4 (See DEs 470-3 to 470-5.) Elite
Health paid $2,000.00 per week to AIB for the police reports (resulting in
approximately $200,000.00 total), and Bittner documented a protocol to refer the
patients to Morse, which included providing a “Morse pamphlet” and “giv[ing]
4
State Farm contends that AIB was also used to pay Morse’s private investigator,
Ken Jackson. (DE 384 at 37-38, citing DEs 386-8.)
13
them Tony or Jan[’s] [presumably Morse law firm attorney Anthony Chapman and
marketing director Janet Rosenberg] name. Elite recommended,” and noting that
the sooner the patient “sign[s] with an attorney that works with us, the more likely
they will continue to care with us.” (DEs 384 at 36-37, 388 at 37-38, citing DE
504-17.) Bittner followed up by sending an email to Radom a couple of weeks
later, attaching a memo which included the “protocol[] for referring out. Attorney,”
stating to “let them know you have found injuries related to MVA and that you
recommend them speaking to an attorney to know their rights,” giving them a
“Morse pamphlet and give them Tony or Jan name,” and to “[l]et each staff know
that each auto pt [patient] is like a piece of GOLD.” (DE 504-18 (emphasis
added).)
9.
2014 Anti-Solicitation Law
A new law went into effect in Michigan in January 2014, prohibiting
solicitation of auto accident victims within 30 days after an accident. See MCL
750.410 (prohibiting “solicitation of personal injury claims” by an attorney and/or
a non-attorney working on his behalf prior); MCL 750.410b (prohibiting
solicitation by any person “until the expiration of 30 days after the date of th[e]
motor vehicle accident”).5
5
In its oral presentation, State Farm further contends that, as a result, in addition to
pulling out of Horizon and setting up Superior, Morse started requiring payment in
the form of kickbacks from Rosett, in the form of payments to Morse’s contractor
14
10.
Overview of Morse’s involvement
According to State Farm, Defendants’ financial success was closely tied to
Morse. Morse represented at least 126 of 178 insureds at issue in this case who
treated at Defendants’ clinics and who were represented by an attorney. And, State
Farm contends, bank records for those clinics reflect that, from December 2010 to
January 2018, more than $6.3 million was deposited into Defendants’ bank
accounts from Michael J. Morse, PC (“Morse PC”). (DE 384 at 39-40.) In sum,
Morse is alleged to have benefited both coming and going: (1) by being a silent
owner in the medical providers which were submitting fraudulent claims; (2) by
receiving kickbacks in connection with referrals to providers who submitted
fraudulent invoices; and (3) by driving up the value of his clients’ personal injury
claims with artificially favorable diagnoses and extensive, albeit unnecessary,
treatment records.
B.
The Morse Subpoena
1.
The February 6, 2018 Subpoena
On or about February 6, 2018, State Farm issued a document subpoena to
Michael Morse (hereinafter “the Subpoena”). (DE 386-17.)6 The Subpoena
and payment to the company that owns Morse’s private jet. (DE 432 at 53; see
also DE 384 at 38-39.)
6
State Farm subsequently issued two additional document subpoenas – one to
Michael Morse and one to the Mike Morse law firm – on or about September 14,
15
consists of 16 document requests, which, according to State Farm, fit within four
categories of requests: (1) financial arrangements with or payments made to or
received from Defendants and related third-parties (Request Nos. 1, 3, 4, 13, 14,
15, 16); (2) communications with Defendants or related third parties (Request Nos.
2, 5, 6, 7); (3) documents related to the patients at issue (Request Nos. 8, 9, 12);
and, (4) documents related to MRI entities (Request Nos. 10, 11). (Id.)
2.
Morse’s general objections
Morse did not object or otherwise respond to the 16 specific document
requests in the Subpoena, and refused to produce any responsive documents.
Instead, on March 21, 2018, Morse served general, blanket objections to the
Subpoena, in which he broadly objects that the Subpoena as a whole improperly:
(1) seeks information to defend actions brought by Morse’s law firm’s clients
against State Farm and its insureds, or to assert a claim against Morse or his law
firm, or to share with other person(s) for use in their potential actions; (2) seeks
documents that do not relate to the core issues in this case; (3) imposes an undue
burden and expense; and, (4) requests documents that can be obtained from other
sources and that the Subpoena is only intended to harass him. (Id.)
2018. (DEs 386-30, 386-31.) However, State Farm’s counsel confirmed at the
May 10, 2019 hearing on this motion that it only seeks to compel responses to the
February 6, 2018 Subpoena. (DE 474 at 17.)
16
Morse continues that, to the extent his response to the Subpoena is
compelled, he requests a protective order prohibiting the use or sharing of the
documents in any other action or proceeding. (Id. at 4.) He further objects to
producing documents: (1) that relate to his dealings with non-parties; (2) that relate
to the time period before August 22, 2010; (3) that relate to Horizon or the
“Patients” (because State Farm will not provide the names of the 221 Patients at
issue until Morse signs the Stipulated Protective Order in this case, and Morse does
not want to sign that protective order); and, (4) that are not relevant to the claims or
defenses in this action. (Id. at 4-5.) He also objects to the definition of “You” as
improperly encompassing persons other than Morse, or producing documents
protected from disclosure by privilege or work product, that relate to any client of
the Mike Morse law firm, without that client’s consent. (Id. at 5-6.)
C.
The Instant Motion
1.
State Farm’s Motion to Compel
On January 15, 2019, State Farm filed a Motion to Compel Michael Morse
to Produce Documents Responsive to Subpoena (DEs 384, 388 (Sealed).)7 State
7
State Farm had previously filed a motion to compel Morse on June 4, 2018 (DE
170) that was denied, without prejudice, along with two other pending motions to
compel, when the Court entered an order barring all reference to and reliance upon
the affidavit of Dr. Ram Gunabalan, or statements made therein. (DE 349.) The
Court instructed that State Farm could re-file those motions without the need to
seek further leave of Court, but without reliance on the Gunabalan affidavit or
17
Farm argues that Morse’s generalized objections lack merit and that the Subpoena
seeks information highly relevant to the alleged fraud scheme, including the
fraudulent formation of all but one of the Defendant clinics as non-profit clinics,
the unlawful solicitation of auto accident victims, and the transfer of more than
$2.5 million from the Defendant clinics and closely related entities to or for the
benefit of Morse. State Farm further contends that the Subpoena imposes no
undue burden on Morse, that Morse’s “substantive” objections lack merit, and that
the existing Stipulated Protective Order (DE 82) provides sufficient protection.
State Farm also seeks to incorporate the argument made in its supplemental brief
concerning its April 17, 2018 subpoena to the entity that owns Morse’s private jet,
JEL Aircraft Leasing, LLC (DE 321).
2.
Morse’s response in opposition
Morse filed a response in opposition to State Farm’s motion on February 5,
2019, arguing that his response to the Subpoena should not be compelled because:
(1) State Farm may not take discovery to investigate whether it has a potential
claim against a non-party like Morse; (2) State Farm may not obtain discovery
from Morse for use in other matters; (3) the Subpoena improperly seeks discovery
of Morse as State Farm’s opposing counsel in violation of Nationwide Mutual
Insurance Co. v. Home Insurance Co., 278 F.3d 621 (6th Cir. 2002); (4) the
statements therein. (Id.) The case was thereafter briefly stayed. (DE 372.) When
the stay was lifted (DE 374), State Farm re-filed the motion.
18
discovery sought is not proportional to this case; (5) State Farm is not entitled to
discovery on how Morse’s law firm obtains clients; and, (6) State Farm’s request
for “all” documents, unrelated to the 221 insureds at issue in this case, is improper.
(DE 403.)
3.
State Farm’s reply
State Farm filed a reply brief on February 15, 2019, arguing that the
Subpoena was served for a proper purpose and seeks highly relevant information,
and that Morse was involved in and profited from the fraudulent scheme and
“played a substantial role motivating Defendants to provide medically unnecessary
treatment designed to exploit patients’ no-fault benefits for the benefit of
Defendants and Morse.” (DE 409 at 3.) State Farm contends that “[e]vidence that
patients did not seek treatment on their own, but were solicited to treat at
Defendants’ clinics, is not only relevant to the ‘setting’ of the case, but also is
relevant to whether services they purportedly received were medically necessary.”
(Id. at 6.) Further, the Subpoena is proportional to the needs of this case, does not
impose an undue burden on Morse, and the confidentiality concerns are remedied
by the Stipulated Protective Order.
4.
The parties’ joint statement
The parties filed a joint statement of resolved and unresolved issues
regarding State Farm’s motion to compel against Morse, stating that they have not
19
been able to resolve or narrow the issues raised in the motion, and that they stand
on their respective positions as stated in their briefing. (DE 455.)
D.
Supplemental Filings
1.
State Farm’s notice of supplemental exhibits discussed at
the hearing
On May 14, 2019, as instructed by the Court at the May 10, 2019 hearing,
State Farm filed a notice of filing exhibits State Farm discussed at the hearing,
consisting of five supplemental exhibits: (1) a demonstrative exhibit created by
State Farm; (2) a May 1, 2019 superseding criminal indictment against Jayson
Rosett; (3) a September 2, 2013 email attaching police reports from Karen Miller
to Rosett; (4) a September 3, 2013 email attaching police reports from Rosett to
Radom; and, (5) a September 3, 2013 email attaching an AIB Spreadsheet, from
Radom to Mike Ryan and Rosett. (DE 470.)
2.
State Farm’s second notice of supplemental exhibits
On May 22, 2019, State Farm filed a second notice of filing supplemental
exhibits to its motion to compel Morse, consisting of four Rule 11 criminal Plea
Agreements for Defendant Jayson Rosett and non-parties Robert Rosett, Carol
Almeranti and Karen Miller, all signed May 22, 2019. (DE 483.)8 State Farm
8
The Court takes judicial notice that both Rosetts, Miller and Almeranti each
pleaded guilty in case no. 18-20812 to Conspiracy to Defraud the United States for
the purpose of impairing, impeding, obstructing or defeating the lawful functions
of the Internal Revenue Service and to Conspiracy to Commit Theft from an
20
contends these Plea Agreements contain admissions that, from 2012 through 2018,
the Rosetts, Almeranti and Miller, through AIB (owned by Jayson Rosett)
collected unauthorized police reports and, in exchange for fees, solicited crash
victims and referred them to personal injury lawyers, chiropractors, and health-care
professionals. (Id.) State Farm asserts that the facts admitted in the plea
agreements are consistent with and support its allegations as laid out in its motion
to compel Morse. (Id.)
On May 23, 2019, Morse filed an objection to this last set of supplemental
exhibits, contending that they should be stricken because State Farm did not have
permission to make this supplemental filing and that not one of the exhibits even
mentions Morse. (DE 486.) Morse further contends that there is no evidence he
knew that his law office received police reports that were improperly obtained by
Rosett, there is no pleaded claim in this case about improperly obtained police
reports, and he routinely receives police reports stamped “unapproved” from State
Farm in response to discovery requests and through Freedom of Information Act
(FOIA) requests, and thus there is nothing remarkable about a police report with an
“unapproved” stamp. (DE 486.)
Organization Receiving Federal Funds on May 22, 2019 and will be sentenced in
October 2019.
21
The Court agrees that these most recent proposed supplemental exhibits (DE
483) are cumulative and unnecessary for this motion, and accordingly declines to
consider them and strikes DE 483 from the docket.
3.
Morse’s notice of supplemental authority
On May 30, 2019, Morse filed a notice of supplemental authority with
respect to State Farm’s motion to compel to take notice of a recent decision of the
Michigan Court of Appeals, Richardson v. Allstate Insurance Co., No. 341439,
2009 WL 2273415 (Mich. Ct. App. May 28, 2019), which, in pertinent part, states
that “[h]ow plaintiff contracted with her attorney is irrelevant to her claim for nofault benefits” and that wrongful solicitation does not bar a claim for no-fault
benefits. Id. at *3-4. Morse states this “should be dispositive” and stands for the
proposition that “discovery in this case should be limited to whether the treatment
provided by the 221 insureds was medically necessary or performed” and not on
whether the insureds were improperly solicited. (DE 491.)
On May 31, 2019, State Farm filed a response to that notice, asserting that
Morse “misapplies the holding in Richardson to the facts of this case.” (DE 495.)
State Farm states that Richardson found that improper solicitation is not a defense
to a claim for no-fault benefits under Michigan’s no-fault scheme, and thus has no
application to this case because State Farm does not allege or argue here that an
insured’s claim for no-fault benefits is automatically barred if the insured was
22
solicited by an attorney. State Farm instead has alleged that “Defendants engaged
in a widespread scheme to defraud State Farm Mutual by submitting bills to State
Farm Mutual for unnecessary treatment and services pursuant to a predetermined
protocol designed to financially enrich Defendants, Horizon, and Morse,” and that
“Morse played a critical role in [the unlawful solicitation] component of that
scheme by soliciting auto accident victims he could represent who could also treat
at Defendants’ clinics.” (Id.)
The Court will address this newly-issued caselaw below.
4.
State Farms’ notice of Amy Rosenberg Affidavit
On June 12, 2019, the Court entered an Order permitting disclosure of
statements made by Defendant Mark Radom to his former spouse, Amy
Rosenberg, which are set forth in an affidavit signed by Rosenberg. (DE 503.) On
June 13, 2019, State Farm filed Rosenberg’s affidavit, with exhibits, as a
supplemental exhibit to the instant motion. (DE 505.)
Although Radom has recently filed an objection to the Undersigned’s ruling
with respect to his ex-wife’s affidavit on the basis of the Michigan marital
communications privilege, Morse has not responded to this notice or otherwise
objected to the Court’s consideration of this evidence. In any case, the Court finds
no need to rely on this affidavit as a basis for its ruling here, refers to it only
parenthetically by way of footnote or to merely supplement other portions of the
23
record which are already substantially supported, and its absence from this record
would not alter the conclusions which appear below.9
III.
Standard
The Court has broad discretion to determine the scope of discovery. Bush v.
Dictaphone Corp., 161 F.3d 363, 367 (6th Cir. 1998). The scope of discovery,
which permits a party to obtain “any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any
party’s claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the case, considering the
importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the
parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ resources, the
importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or
expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit,” is always subject
to being “limited by court order[,]” and thus, within the sound discretion of the
Court. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Further, discovery is more liberal than even the
trial setting, as Rule 26(b) allows information that “need not be admissible in
evidence” to be discoverable. Id. However, the Court must also balance the “right
to discovery with the need to prevent ‘fishing expeditions.’” Conti v. Am. Axle &
Mfg., Inc., 326 F. App’x 900, 907 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting Bush, 161 F.3d at 367).
9
Notably, even Radom concedes that much of the affidavit could not possibly be
protected under the privilege, for example portions which relate communications
with people other than Radom, which reflect Rosenberg’s personal knowledge or
impressions or which reflect communications made after she and Radom were
already divorced. (DE 503 at 16, fn.4 (citing DE 472 at 77- 79; DE 352 at 17).)
24
“A subpoena to a third party under Rule 45 is subject to the same discovery
limitations as those set out in Rule 26.” Knight Capital Partners Corp. v. Henkel
Ag & Co., KGaA, 290 F.Supp.3d 681, 685 (E.D. Mich. 2017) (citations omitted).
“A person withholding subpoenaed information under a claim that it is privileged
… must: (i) expressly make the claim; and (ii) describe the nature of the withheld
documents, communications, or tangible things in a manner that, without revealing
information itself privileged or protected, will enable the parties to assess the
claim.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(e)(2)(A); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5)(A). The
burden is on the party asserting the privilege. In re Grand Jury Investigation No.
83-2-35, 723 F.2d 447, 450 (6th Cir. 1983).
IV.
State Farm’s Motion to Compel is Granted in Part and Denied in Part
A.
Morse Fails to Establish that the Subpoena was Brought for an
Improper Purpose
Morse generally objects that the Subpoena seeks discovery for an improper
purpose, such as to defend actions brought by his law firm’s clients against State
Farm, or to assert a claim against Morse or his law firm, or to share with other
persons. (DE 386-18.) At various hearings, he has suggested that State Farm is
either gathering this information at the behest of the federal government, or that it
intends to share the discovery with the government. However, he fails to offer any
evidence in support of these accusations or his general objections, and they are,
accordingly, OVERRULED. See also State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v.
25
Physiomatrix, Inc., No. 12-cv-11500, 2013 WL 10936871, at *11 (E.D. Mich.
Nov. 26, 2013) (rejecting Morse’s claim that the subpoena in that case was
harassing, finding the information sought highly relevant and thus discoverable).
Morse also suggests in his response brief that State Farm is retaliating
because Morse “publicly exposed” State Farm’s Advancing Claims Excellence
(“ACE”) program in a 2015 article in the Michigan Bar Journal. (DE 403 at 1820.) State Farm explains that the ACE program involved an internal review of
closed claims valued at less than $250,000 each to identify ways Michigan claims
handling could be improved, began in 1995 and was completed in 1997, and had
been “publicly disclosed” many times in the almost 20 years since the program
ended, and thus does not support a retaliation theory. (DE 409 at 4, fn. 2, citing
Med City Rehab. Serv., LLC v. State Farm Auto. Ins. Co., No. 11-14777, 2012 WL
12929897, at *2-3 (E.D. Mich. Dec. 10, 2012) (ACE documents irrelevant).) The
Court agrees that Morse has failed to demonstrate how this supports a claim that
State Farm’s Subpoena is retaliatory or served for an improper purpose,
particularly in light of the substantial record evidence developed by State Farm in
this case.
Similarly, Morse has failed to demonstrate how his citation to two out-ofstate cases has any bearing on the Subpoena or discovery issues here. See Hale v.
State Farm, No. 12-cv-00600 (civil RICO case against State Farm that settled), and
26
Campbell v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 65 P.3d 1134, 1148 (Utah 2001)
(upholding $145 million punitive damages award based on findings in that case on
claim of bad faith failure to settle for the policy limits), overruled, 538 U.S. 408
(2003) (holding punitive damages award violated due process). Morse essentially
cites these cases simply to put State Farm in a bad light and paint the insurer as a
“bad actor,” but the best defense is not always a good offense, and none of this
explains why Morse should be exempt from having to produce the documents at
issue in this specific case.
As discussed below, State Farm’s allegations regarding Morse’s
involvement in the alleged fraudulent scheme can hardly be described as baseless,
and the Subpoena targets relevant information. In addition, any confidential
information produced will be adequately protected pursuant to the Stipulated
Protective Order in this case.
B.
The Subpoena Targets Relevant Information
1.
The core issues
Morse’s objection that the Subpoena does not relate to the “core issues” in
this case is not well taken. As this Court has previously found, State Farm is
“entitled to get information which would set the table and explain how th[e alleged
fraudulent] scheme works from beginning to end, and not just at the moment of
actual billing.” (DE 286 at 199.) Nor is this Morse’s first time around the block
27
on this or several of the other issues he raises. See Physiomatrix, 2013 WL
10936871, at *7 (“[I]t is clear that State Farm is entitled to discovery tending to
prove the entirety of the ‘scheme’ alleged, and that such proof should not be
limited solely to the predicate acts which underlie the [conspiracy] charge.”).
Interestingly, both State Farm and Morse point to Judge Grand’s opinion in the
Physiomatrix case as supporting their respective positions here. The Court also
finds it instructive.
As discussed above, State Farm’s Complaint and the instant motion to
compel contain extensive allegations about and documentation of Morse’s
connections with and involvement in the Defendants’ alleged scheme to submit
“fraudulent bills and related documentation … to inflate the value of [personal
injury claims]” and that Morse would be “motivated to refer patients to the
Defendants because [he] can rely upon the Predetermined Protocol to … inflate the
value of the [claims],” which “increases … contingency fees available to [Morse].”
(DE 1, ¶¶ 6, 66-67, 80-81; DE 384 at 13-40.) State Farm has convincingly detailed
how Morse was substantially involved with Defendants Radom, Bittner and Rosett,
as well as the Defendant clinics with respect to the insureds at issue here, and
described a seeming “wheel conspiracy,” in which Morse, as the “hub” is involved
with solicitors and treaters in sophisticated cross-referral quid pro quo
relationships resulting in fraudulent or fraudulently-inflated personal injury claims
28
at State Farm’s expense. Further, State Farm has offered evidence supporting its
claim that Morse had or has an interest in Horizon and Superior, and that he
required his clients to receive MRIs at one of these clinics, which in turn, billed
State Farm for these services. And, Defendants Bittner, Radom and Rosett were
directly involved in soliciting clients for Morse, through AIB and through the use
of unapproved police reports, many of whom were then steered to Defendants for
treatment.10
Thus, as in Physiomatrix, information about the quid pro quo relationships
between Morse and the Defendants, and between the Defendants and their patients,
is relevant and discoverable.
2.
Solicitation
The Court further finds, unlike in Physiomatrix, that the manner in which the
221 Patients at issue were solicited is relevant to the claims and defenses in this
action, and thus discoverable, as State Farm has sufficiently shown how Morse,
through Bittner, Radom, the Rosetts and AIB, was involved in the solicitation of at
least some of those Patients, for the benefit of Morse, many of whom Morse then
10
Interestingly, when asked (hypothetically) by the Court if Morse could prevail
on a motion for summary judgment on this robust record if he had been named as a
conspirator in the alleged fraudulent scheme, Morse’s counsel chose not to respond
substantively, and instead deflected the question, accusing State Farm of using this
case to unfairly “taint” Morse, “without giving [him] the opportunity of a
defendant to have a sword against State Farm and to clear his name[.]” (DE 474 at
55-56.)
29
steered to Defendants for treatment.11 Specifically, State Farm has alleged that
Jayson and Robert Rosett unlawfully obtained unapproved police reports from
Robert Coleman and Antonio Spratt from 2009 to 2012, and from Detroit police
officers Almeranti and Miller from 2012 through 2014, which they used to solicit
auto accident victims to be represented by Morse and treated at Defendants’
clinics, and that Rosett emailed and hand delivered thousands of unlawfully
obtained police reports to Morse’s firm for solicitation as clients and then referral
to Defendants’ clinics, and that these unapproved police reports provided
Defendants and Morse with a competitive advantage in trying to sign up clients for
Morse and patients for Defendants’ clinics before those clients’ names were
publicly available.
11
The Michigan Court of Appeals’ recent decision in Richardson v. Allstate Ins.
Co., No. 341439, 2019 WL 2273415 (Mich. Ct. App. May 28, 2019), cited by
Morse as supplemental authority (DE 491), has no application to this case. In
Richardson, the Court of Appeals held that the trial court erred when it granted
defendant summary disposition of plaintiff’s claims for no-fault benefits on the
basis of solicitation in violation of MCL 750.410 and MCL 750.410b. Id. at *4
(holding that improper solicitation is not a defense to a claim for no-fault benefits).
Here, State Farm does not allege that an insured’s claim for benefits is barred if the
insured was solicited by an attorney. Rather, State Farm has alleged unlawful
solicitation as a critical part of the fraudulent scheme alleged to submit bills to it
for unnecessary treatment and services pursuant to a predetermined protocol
designed to financially benefit Defendants, Horizon and personal injury attorneys,
particularly “the PI Attorney” (Morse). (See DE 1, ¶¶ 80-81.)
30
In Physiomatrix, the Court found that “whether or not [the clients’]
solicitation was legal or ethical is once-removed from the case at hand.” 2013 WL
10936871, at *8 (emphasis added). The Court stated that:
State Farm’s complaint alleges a limited scheme where the critical
relationships are (1) the alleged referral relationships between the
firms and Defendants and (2) Defendants’ relationships with their
patients. Whether the firms properly or improperly solicited their
clients is of no consequence to the purpose for which those clients
were referred, or treated by Defendants.
Id. (emphasis added). As State Farm now admits, in Physiomatrix, it had not
presented sufficient evidence tying the solicitation of patients to Morse as opposed
to just the defendants in that case, such as evidence showing the defendants
sending unauthorized police reports to Morse to solicit clients. (DE 474 at 25-26.)
Here, on the other hand, the scheme is slightly different, and State Farm has
presented evidence supporting its allegations that Morse worked with Rosett,
Radom and Bittner to secure clients, and in return Morse agreed to send the
patients to their clinics and required that the patients go to Horizon and Superior so
that he could benefit from or influence the MRIs at those facilities. He complained
when the results were unfavorable to his clients’ legal claims (or his ownership
interest), thus encouraging positive MRI findings and unnecessary treatment, for
which State Farm was billed. (See DEs 384-4 to 384-7 (Morse complaining about
“seeing a lot of negatives. A lot,” and that the normal MRI interpretations were
“killing me” and would “put me out of business”); DE 504-6 (Morse complaining
31
that 33 MRI scans for the week at Horizon “seems really light” and that “[w]e need
to be at 80 ourselves then whatever they do. They can’t catch up to us. That
would be really bad. Work it!”).)
State Farm also points to State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v.
Warren Chiropractic & Rehab Clinic, 315 F.R.D. 220 (E.D. Mich. 2016), which
distinguished Physiomatrix and found solicitation information relevant and
discoverable. The Warren court explained that “the ‘boundary of relevance’ [in
Physiomatrix] extended only to information relevant to an alleged ‘quid pro quo’
relationship between the defendant medical care providers and the personal injury
law firms; there was no real link alleged between the referral services and the
scheme.” 315 F.R.D. at 225. Conversely, the Court in Warren found solicitation
information was relevant because “Plaintiff alleges that these other entities are in
on the scheme, in that they referred callers directly to the medical care providers
allegedly in league with the same law firms to which the patients were referred.”
Id. (emphasis added).
Similarly, here, State Farm has offered evidence showing the Defendants
were directly soliciting clients for Morse, through the use of unauthorized police
reports, and in exchange Morse was sending those clients to the Elite Defendants
and the Rosett Defendants for treatment, and thus he was alleged to be “in on the
scheme.” (DE 474 at 25-26.) State Farm alleges that these cross-referral
32
relationships resulted in inflated bills and claims, yielding higher potential trial or
settlement values for Morse. In addition, State Farm has presented evidence
showing that Morse had an interest in Horizon and Superior, through Radom and
HI Investor, and thus would have received a direct financial benefit from having
his clients referred to those entities for unnecessary (or even necessary) MRIs.12
As State Farm stated in its reply brief, “that patients did not seek treatment on their
own, but were solicited to treat at Defendants’ clinics, is not only relevant to the
‘setting’ of the case, but also is relevant to whether services they purportedly
received were medically necessary” and “Morse played a critical role in driving
Defendants’ medically unnecessary treatment.” (DE 409 at 6-7.)
Morse argues in his response brief that, “State Farm is not entitled to take
discovery from Morse to determine how his Law Firm obtains its clients generally
or even as to these particular clients.” (DE 403 at 42.) While the Court agrees that
State Farm is “not entitled to take discovery from Morse to determine how his Law
Firm obtains its clients generally,” as that would be beyond the bounds of
reasonable discovery in this matter, that is not what State Farm seeks here. Rather,
the discovery request at issue, Request No. 12, is expressly limited to “ the
solicitation, marketing, or referral of any Patient(s) Identified in the Complaint”
12
See, e.g., (DE 384-23 (email stating “there will be four partners [in Horizon]: 1.
Mann Global 2. Zack & Katz Global 3. Professional Holdings Unlimited 4. Morse
(or whoever name he is putting up for him)”) (emphasis added).)
33
(DE 386-17 at 10 (emphasis added)), i.e., the 221 Patients at issue, not Morse’s
clients “generally.” Because the Subpoena targets relevant information, and is
sufficiently narrowed to the insureds at issue, it is not improper or harassing. See
Systems Prod. & Solutions, Inc. v. Scramlin, No. 13-CV-14947, 2014 WL
3894385, at *9 (E.D. Mich. Aug 8, 2014) (stating that a subpoena is not harassing
or improper where it “target[s] relevant information”). However, the Court has
further limited that request, as discussed below.
C.
Morse’s remaining objections
1.
Reasonable time frame: January 1, 2010 to present
The Subpoena requests documents for the January 1, 2010 to present time
period. (DE 386-17 at 7.) As this Court has previously found, the time frame back
to August 22, 2010 is a “well-established time frame on this record” and not
outside the bounds of proper discovery. (DE 286 at 200.) I find here that, based
upon the extensive record evidence supplied by State Farm in its motion, dating
back to 2009, the proposed time frame for this Subpoena from January 1, 2010 to
present is reasonable and not outside the bounds of proper discovery. Accordingly,
any objection to that time period is OVERRULED. See MedCity Rehab. Serv.,
LLC v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 11-cv-14777, 2013 WL 1898374, at *2
(E.D. Mich. May 7, 2013) (“Courts have commonly extended the scope of
34
discovery to a reasonable number of years prior to the defendant’s alleged illegal
action.”).
2.
No undue burden and discovery is proportional
Morse has not adequately supported his objection that the Subpoena is
unduly burdensome. As stated above, he fails to address the specific discovery
requests and explain how a response to any of those specific requests is unduly
burdensome. And the Court has already found, above, that the information sought
in the Subpoena is highly relevant to this action and the fraud scheme alleged, and
is thus discoverable. Further, as discussed below, the Court is narrowing those
document requests, further limiting any claimed undue burden in responding. See
Physiomatrix, 2013 WL 10936871, at *11 (firms’ unduly burdensome objection is
“mooted in part by the fact that the Court has limited the requests of the original
subpoena”).
As previously explained, “‘[i]f an objection is interposed based on an
alleged undue burden, the objecting party must make a specific showing, usually
… by affidavit, of why the demand is unreasonably burdensome.” State Farm
Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Elite Health Ctr., 364 F.Supp.3d 758, 766 (E.D. Mich. 2018)
(internal quotations and multiple citations omitted). Morse has not made such a
specific showing. Rather, he submitted an affidavit with his response brief
“[a]ssuming that the Law Firm represented the[] 126 insureds [as State Farm
35
contends],” the Law Firm file for those insureds is “likely voluminous” and
positing that it will take “about 10 hours to review [each] file,” and that he thus
“may incur over 1260 hours in time just to review [client] files … and prepare a
privilege log.” (DE 403-2, ¶ 10.) Because Morse failed to respond or object to
each specific document request, it is not clear to which request or requests this
objection applies. Surely this objection does not apply to requests seeking
documents or communications between Morse and Defendants related to
investments or financial information, but not directed to patients identified in the
complaint (i.e., Request Nos. 3-7, 10, 11, 13-16). “[T]he fact that it will be either
bothersome or burdensome” for a non-party to comply with the request for
discovery “does not necessarily mean that it will be unduly so.” Elite Health Ctrs.,
364 F.Supp.3d at 767 (emphasis added); see also Physiomatrix, 2013 WL
10936871, at *11 (finding no undue burden, noting that Morse’s “contention that it
would take over 500 hours of attorney time to review and produce the requested
information from 53 client files” was “challenged by the Court,” and citing EEOC
v. Quadl Graphics, 63 F.3d 642 (7th Cir. 1995) (finding subpoena not unduly
burdensome where affidavit asserting burden was deemed inflated and
exaggerated)). Morse’s objection on the basis of undue burden is OVERRULED.
Further, Morse’s passing, barebone objections that State Farm fails to
establish that its document requests are proportional to this case and that the
36
request for “all” documents is improper are OVERRULED. Based on State
Farm’s allegations and substantial record evidence in this case, and considering the
“importance of the issues at stake” and “the importance of the discovery in
resolving the issues,” the Court finds that the discovery sought in the Subpoena, as
limited below, is proportional to the needs of this case. See Fed. R. Civ. P.
26(b)(1).
3.
Not cumulative
Morse’s objection that the documents sought in the Subpoena can be
obtained from other sources has been repeatedly rejected by this Court. As stated
in its prior orders and bench rulings in this case, and in prior State Farm cases of
this nature, the parties are entitled to seek the same evidence from different sources
within the same case in order to test veracity and completeness and to uncover
contradictory information. See, e.g., Physiomatrix, 2013 WL 10936871, at *11
(“[T]here is no absolute rule prohibiting a party from seeking to obtain the same
documents from a non-party as can be obtained from a party, nor is there an
absolute rule providing that the party must first seek those documents from an
opposing party before … a non-party.”) (internal citations omitted). That State
Farm has, since serving this Subpoena on Morse in February 2018, issued
discovery requests or subpoenas to other Defendants or non-parties, does not bar
State Farm from seeking that same or similar evidence from Morse in the first
37
instance. “State Farm is entitled to explore that evidence in different ways and
with various witnesses.” (DE 506 at 5.)
4.
Not prohibited by Nationwide
Morse argues that State Farm’s Subpoena should be prohibited as discovery
of opposing counsel. Morse asserts that he is opposing counsel to State Farm in
559 current matters and in 6,000 past matters, and that Nationwide Mutual
Insurance Co. v. Home Insurance Co., 278 F.3d 621, 628 (6th Cir. 2002), which
limits when discovery from opposing counsel is permitted, bars enforcement of
State Farm’s Subpoena in this case. However, Nationwide, and other similar cases
cited by Morse, all involve a party seeking discovery of its opposing counsel or inhouse litigation counsel in the very matter where discovery issued. Morse’s
counsel conceded, as he must, that Morse is not opposing counsel to State Farm in
this matter. (DE 473 at 46.) Morse has not cited any case applying Nationwide
other than to an opposing counsel in the case at issue.13
As a rule, State Farm is entitled to “discovery regarding any non-privileged
matter that is relevant to any [of its] claim[s] or defense[s].” Fed. R. Civ. P.
26(b)(1). Any person, including attorneys, with relevant information may be
subject to discovery. Morse has not explained how the discovery sought would
13
Nationwide would thus be more on target if State Farm were seeking discovery
from, for example, Mr. Joelson, Ms. Eagan, Mr. Blumberg, Mr. Cox, Mr.
Hutchinson or Mr. Gonek, all of whom are named counsel in this case.
38
expose his litigation strategy in any cases he currently has pending against State
Farm. In fact, because Morse has refused to sign the Stipulated Protective Order in
this case, it is not even known if any of the 126 Patients at issue assumed to be
represented by Morse are even a current client of Morse. And Morse remains free
to assert attorney-client privilege or work-product protection over any discovery
sought. Accordingly, Nationwide is inapplicable and does not bar the Subpoena.
5.
Privileged documents and privilege log
Morse very generally objects to producing any documents protected from
disclosure by the work product rule or any applicable federal or state privilege or
privacy law. Morse did not object to any request specifically and did not produce a
privilege log with respect to any claims of privilege, asserting that he cannot make
that determination until he knows whether he is required to produce documents
and, if so, the categories of such documents. (DE 386-18.) Morse is directed to
respond to the specific Subpoena requests as set forth below.
Any objections to producing documents responsive to the requests based on
privilege must be specific and comply with the requirements in Fed. R. Civ. P.
45(e)(2), which provides that:
A person withholding subpoenaed information under a claim that it is
privileged … must:
(i)
expressly make the claim; and
39
(ii)
describe the nature of the withheld documents,
communications, or tangible things in a manner that, without
revealing information itself privileged or protected, will enable
the parties to assess the claim.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(e)(2)(A); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5)(A). The burden is on
the party asserting the privilege. In re Grand Jury Investigation No. 83-2-35, 723
F.2d 447, 450 (6th Cir. 1983); Physiomatrix, 2013 WL 10936871, at *11 (“To the
extent any of the documents sought … contain privileged information, the firms
may assert privilege over them by providing to State Farm a proper privilege log
[so] that it can assess and challenge if necessary.”). The Court notes that Morse
has a duty to make a truthful, good-faith determination of what documents are
privileged and to present a proper listing in a proper privilege log. See Fed. R. Civ.
P. 26(g)(1) (certification requirements).
6.
The existing Stipulated Protective Order provides sufficient
protection to non-parties like Morse, and he is required to
sign it to obtain the names of the 221 insureds at issue
As the Court found previously in this case, “the existing Stipulated
Protective Order provides adequate protection to non-parties[.]” (DE 281 at 3.)
Accordingly, Morse is not entitled to a separate protective order before obtaining a
copy of the names of the 221 insureds at issue and producing documents
responsive to the Subpoena.
7.
State Farm is not prohibited from using documents
produced by Gunabalan and Rosett based on the Court’s
40
October 31, 2018 ruling barring use of Gunabalan’s
affidavit
Morse contends that State Farm’s motion should be dismissed because it
relies upon documents referenced in and attached to Gunabalan’s affidavit. Morse
argues that the Court’s October 31, 2018 Order barred State Farm from relying on
the Gunabalan affidavit, which referenced these same documents because
Gunabalan “took the 5th when asked to authenticate them.” (DE 403 at 44-45.)
Morse argues that Rosett likewise has been deposed and “took the 5th” on every
question relating to his case. (Id.)
Morse’s request is DENIED. As State Farm correctly asserts in its reply
brief, the Court expressly stated that its October 31, 2018 ruling with regard to the
Gunabalan affidavit was limited to the affidavit and did not bar any of the parties’
use of the emails and documents produced by Gunabalan. (DE 409 at 3, fn.1.)
Consistent with that ruling, the documents produced by Rosett similarly are not
barred simply because he may have refused to answer questions and instead
asserted Fifth Amendment protection.
D.
Order Regarding Responses to Specific Document Requests
Although Morse failed to address the specific document requests in the
Subpoena, the Court has carefully reviewed the 16 requests, and, consistent with its
rulings above, ORDERS Morse to respond to the requests as follows:
41
Request Nos. 1 and 2: Morse shall respond to these requests, except that
he does not have to produce any documents or communications related to: (1) Med
Lien Solutions, or (2) “any other business relationships or business opportunities.”
State Farm has failed to demonstrate the relevancy of discovery regarding Med
Lien Solutions, only stating in its motion that Med Lien Solutions was the “sister
company” to PIF and purportedly had cash advance and lien resolution
agreements, along with PIF, with some of the 221 insureds at issue. State Farm
has, for purposes of this motion, failed to sufficiently tie Med Lien Solutions to
Morse and the alleged fraudulent scheme in this case. And, the request for
documents or communications related to “any other business relationships or
business opportunities” is not sufficiently specific or targeted.
Request Nos. 3 and 4: Morse shall respond to these requests, except that
he does not have to produce any documents related to Med Lien Solutions, for the
reasons stated above.
Request Nos. 5 and 6: Morse shall responds to these requests.
Request No. 7: Morse shall respond to this request, except that he does not
have to produce any documents related to Med Lien Solutions, for the reasons
stated above.
Request Nos. 8 and 9: Morse is not required to respond to these requests,
as they do not seek information relevant to State Farm’s claims in this case. Morse
42
is not a party to this case and, as pointed out by his counsel at oral argument,
Plaintiff is not asserting an unjust enrichment claim against him, and accordingly
the disbursement of proceeds or financing of personal injury claims is not relevant.
Request Nos. 10 and 11: Morse shall respond to these requests.
Request No. 12: Morse shall respond to this request; however, his response
is limited to “Documents reflecting payments made to or received from any person
and/or entity related to the solicitation of, or referral to non-attorneys of, any
Patient(s) Identified in the Complaint to be represented by You or Your law firm,
or to be treated by any of the Defendants.” Morse is not required to produce
documents reflecting payments made or received for general “marketing” (i.e,
television or print advertising, pamphlets, etc.) or referrals to other attorneys, as
these are not relevant to the issues of this case and referral fees between attorneys
are a common and accepted practice. M.R.P.C. 1.5(e) and “Division of Fee”
Comment thereto (“A division of fee facilitates association of more than one
lawyer in a matter in which neither alone could serve the client as well, and most
often is used when the fee is contingent and the division is between a referring
lawyer and a trial specialist.”).
Request Nos. 13 through 16: Morse shall respond to these requests.
Morse is directed to produce all responsive documents within his
“possession, custody, or control,” as required by Fed. R Civ. P. 45(a)(1)(A)(iii),
43
within 30 days of this Order, a deadline which he agrees is reasonable. (DE 455 at
6.)
V.
Conclusion
It can reasonably be inferred from the evidence put forward by State Farm
that the Predetermined Protocol and self-referral scheme – to which this evidence
points – resulted in either fraudulent or fraudulently inflated personal injury claims
(or both), unnecessary medical treatment, and kickbacks stemming from quid pro
quo, cross-referral relationships at State Farm’s expense. It can also reasonably be
inferred from this evidence that Morse is at the very center of this scheme, i.e. the
hub of a wheel and spoke conspiracy. He does appear to be, for all intents and
purposes on these pleadings and on this record, the epitome of the “unnamed coconspirator.” See Fritsch v. First Savings Bank, No. 01-713 LCS/KBM, 2001 WL
37124823, at *5 (D.N.M. Oct. 24, 2001) (complaint sufficiently alleged a civil
conspiracy against named defendants and unnamed co-conspirators); see also
Santana Prods., Inc. v. Sylvester Assocs., Ltd., No. 98 CV 6721 (ARR), 2006 WL
7077215, at *11 (E.D.N.Y. Nov. 13, 2006) (“[E]vidence of acts by non-party coconspirators is admissible to establish a defendant’s liability, as long as
independent evidence is introduced to establish the existence of the conspiracy.”),
aff’d, 279 F. App’x 42 (2d Cir. 2008). Unlike many non-parties who are forced to
respond to subpoenas, Morse is not a “quintessentially disinterested” person who
44
would not have “anticipated being brought into this litigation in some fashion.”
See Hennigan v. Gen. Elec. Co., No. 09-11912, 2012 WL 13005370, at *2 (E.D.
Mich. Apr. 2, 2012).
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, Morse is ordered to respond to
the Subpoena as directed herein. In addition, the Court strikes DE 483 from the
docket.
And finally, Morse’s oral motion to stay this ruling pending an opportunity
for Morse to “bring these matters to the attention of Judge Cohn” (DE 474 at 54),
without even knowing how the Court was going to rule, is DENIED. The parties
will have sufficient time, prior to any obligations in this Order, to file any
objections pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: July 2, 2019
s/Anthony P. Patti
Anthony P. Patti
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
45
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?