Rockwell Medical, Inc. v. Richmond Brothers, Inc. et al
Filing
60
ORDER denying 3 Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Injunction. Signed by District Judge Robert H. Cleland. (LWag)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
ROCKWELL MEDICAL, INC.,
Plaintiffs,
v.
Case No. 17-10757
RICHMOND BROTHERS, INC., et al.,
Defendants.
/
ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
Pending before the court is Plaintiff’s Emergency Motion for Preliminary
Injunction (Dkt. #3.) After the motion was fully briefed, the court held a hearing on May
3, 2017, where it heard argument as well as testimony by David Richmond. For the
following reasons, the court will deny Plaintiff’s motion.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants formed a shareholder group in February of 2016
and have since engaged in a campaign to wrest corporate control from the founder of
Rockwell Medical, Inc. (“Rockwell”), by achieving election of their nominee to the board
of directors. It contends that Defendants violated Section 13(d) of the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to register as a shareholder group at that time. Plaintiffs
filed a Schedule 13D with the SEC in February of 2017 identifying themselves as a
shareholder group. Plaintiffs insist that this filing was not only nearly one full year late,
but also contained material misrepresentations of fact as to the number of shares over
which Defendants had the ability to direct the vote. With an annual shareholder meeting
looming, Plaintiffs request this court to enter a preliminary injunction requiring
Defendants to file a corrected 13D and to prohibit them from soliciting shareholder votes
to allow a “cooling off” period during which time shareholders will be able to digest the
new information.
In response Defendants argue that, though they engaged in negotiations with
management as early as March of 2016, they did not constitute a shareholder group
because they had not reached any actual agreement to act together “for the purpose of
acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of” shares in Plaintiff. They also contend that their
amendments to their Schedule 13D have corrected any remaining concerns. Following
the hearing, they filed another supplemental Schedule 13D indicating in the complainedof field that they had the power to direct the voting of zero shares. They also advance
the position that the election of a board member is not an “irreparable harm” that would
justify the imposition of injunctive relief, nor does the balance of the equities or public
interest. Finally, Defendants attack Plaintiff’s standing to sue on behalf of shareholders
in this action.
Plaintiff replies that emails exchanged in March of 2016 indicate that the
Defendants were acting as a single group with a shared purpose of taking some portion
of control over the company’s management. They also view the supplemental 13D
filings to be inadequate, demanding that Defendants include language stating that their
supplemental filings were necessary as a result of a misstatement of fact on earlier
filings rather than merely an effort to resolve the instant litigation.
The court held a status conference on May 9, 2017, following the filing of
Defendants’ most recent Schedule 13D addressing voting power. The conference
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concerned the parties’ competing briefings discussing whether the amendment renders
at least this portion of the motion for preliminary injunction moot. (Dkts. ##53, 54, 57.)
The court directed the parties to confer in an effort to arrive at an agreed supplemental
filing, but they have since indicated that agreement is not possible.
II. STANDARD
In Silverman v. Summers, the Sixth Circuit described the rubric by which district
courts should assess requests for preliminary injunction:
The district court must consider and balance four factors in ruling on an
application for a preliminary injunction: 1) whether the plaintiff has a strong
likelihood of success on the merits; 2) whether the plaintiff would suffer
irreparable injury in the absence of the injunction; 3) whether the
injunction would cause substantial harm to others; and 4) whether the
injunction would serve the public interest.
28 F. App’x 370, 372-73 (6th Cir. 2001) (citing Sandison v. Michigan High School
Athletic Ass’n, Inc., 64 F.3d 1026, 1030 (6th Cir.1995)).
III. DISCUSSION
Plaintiffs do not appear to address Defendants’ statutory standing argument. The
court will not decide the issue at this stage, as denial of Plaintiff’s request for a
preliminary injunction is warranted for other reasons. See CSX Corp. v. Children's Inv.
Fund Mgmt. (UK) LLP, 654 F.3d 276, 284 (2d Cir. 2011) (“[A]n issuer has an implied
right of action to seek injunctive relief for a violation of section 13(d)[.]”).
A. Voting Power and Mootness
Plaintiffs’ request that the court require the submission of a supplemental
Schedule 13D regarding voting power is moot in light of Defendants’ recent filing. “In
general a case becomes moot ‘when the issues presented are no longer live or the
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parties lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.’” Kundrat v. Halloran, 206 F.
Supp. 2d 864, 868 (E.D. Mich. 2002) (quoting Murphy v. Hunt, 455 U.S. 478, 481
(1982)). The arguably misleading figure that had previously indicated that Defendants
exercised sole voting power over 10% of Rockwell shares by virtue of the shares held
by their clients, as Richmond testified that he believed that the clients would rely on his
voting recommendation as in the past, has been amended to reflect that Defendants
have sole voting power over “zero” shares. (Dkt. #53-1, Pg. ID 1981.)
The court is not convinced that shareholders will benefit from yet another filing
which adopts language proposed by Plaintiff or a “cooling off” period in light of the
recency of this amendment. If Plaintiff wishes to characterize this filing as suspicious in
its own publications to shareholders, it is certainly free to do so without assistance from
the court. But neither the inclusion of the proposed language nor a limitation on
Defendants’ campaign for a board position will, at this point, further any identifiable
public interest beyond what Plaintiff could accomplish on its own, though they might
result in substantial harm to Defendants and shareholders by inducing a loss of a board
election by an insurgent shareholder group that could otherwise have won. As Mr.
Richmond testified at the hearing, such challenges are expensive to mount. No
guarantee exists that, should this court issue an order hobbling Defendants’ efforts, the
high costs and collective action problems attendant to such proxy fights will not
dissuade shareholders from wading once more into the breach at the next annual
shareholders’ meeting. See Edward B. Rock, The Logic and (Uncertain) Significance of
Institutional Shareholder Activism, 79 Geo. L.J. 445, 453-57 (1991) (describing the
economics of rational shareholder apathy). Plaintiff will not suffer irreparable harm, and
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the likelihood of success on the merits does not factor strongly in this instance where
the materiality of the allegedly false disclosure is somewhat questionable, at least as far
as it affects the voting decisions of the average shareholder in a proxy contest.
B. Shareholder Group Theory
Plaintiff’s argument for the formation of a shareholder group prior to February of
2017 when the Defendants entered into the Joint Solicitation Agreement–attached to
their first Schedule 13D–focuses on emails and other communications among
Defendants and between Defendants and management at Rockwell. The content of
these communications suggested that the Defendants were displeased with the way
that the company was being run and were approaching management as a group to seek
reforms. The rule governing the requirement that a shareholder group file a Schedule
13D states that:
When two or more persons agree to act together for the purpose of
acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of equity securities of an issuer, the
group formed thereby shall be deemed to have acquired beneficial
ownership, for purposes of sections 13(d) and (g) of the Act, as of the date
of such agreement, of all equity securities of that issuer beneficially owned
by any such persons.
17 C.F.R. § 240.13d-5(b)(1).
The evidence presented thus far does not suggest a likelihood of success in
establishing that Defendants “agree[d] to act together for the purpose of acquiring,
holding, voting or disposing of” shares in Rockwell prior to their formal agreement. The
testimony by Mr. Richmond at the hearing describes a loose, informal group of
disgruntled shareholders grousing about what they viewed to be shortcomings in
Rockwell’s management and exerting pressure in the hopes of obtaining a better return.
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See CSX, 654 F.3d at 284 (“Even if many of the parties’ ‘activities’ were the result of
group action, two or more entities do not become a group within the meaning of section
13(d)(3) unless they ‘act as a . . . group for the purpose of acquiring . . . securities of an
issuer.’ 15 U.S.C. § 78m(d)(3).”).
At the hearing, counsel for Defendants also explained that “if this was a
shareholder group, it was the worst organized group in history” as several of the alleged
members subsequently took action inconsistent with the supposed purposes of the
effort, such as voting against the board member nominated by Defendants. Plaintiff may
well succeed on its underlying claim after the benefit of additional discovery, but at this
stage the court does not find that the likelihood of success prong of the analysis strongly
favors the issuance of an injunction. Further, the court is left adrift in trying to answer
whether, even assuming an earlier Schedule 13D was due, this information would be
material to shareholders weighing options in a proxy fight.
The second, third, and fourth factors mirror the conclusions in the court’s analysis
of the voting shares question. As it is unclear that requiring Defendants to submit an
amended Schedule 13D will be of any significant benefit to any shareholder, the court,
cognizant of the chilling effect that the risk of burdensome litigation has on potentially
beneficial shareholder activism, cannot justify the issuance of a preliminary injunction
requiring an amended Schedule 13D or a “cooling off period” at this time. Just as with
the voting power issue, even without a subsidy from this court, Rockwell is perfectly
capable of informing undecided shareholders as to its belief that Defendants had
assembled a shareholder group and flouted the deadline to file a Schedule 13D, then
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allowing the shareholders to decide whether such misdeeds outweigh any perceived
benefit of the insurgency.
IV. CONCLUSION
IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction (Dkt. #3) is
DENIED.
s/Robert H. Cleland
ROBERT H. CLELAND
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Dated: May 24, 2017
I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document was mailed to counsel of record
on this date, May 24, 2017, by electronic and/or ordinary mail.
s/Lisa Wagner
Case Manager and Deputy Clerk
(810) 984-2056
S:\Cleland\JUDGE'S DESK\C2 ORDERS\17-10757.ROCKWELL.DENYPrelimInjunction.bss.wpd
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