Johnson v. State of Michigan

Filing 16

OPINION and ORDER: IT IS ORDERED that (1) the petition for a writ of habeas corpus 1 is SUMMARILY DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE; (2) A certificate of appealability is DENIED; (3) Petitioner will be granted leave to appeal in forma pauperis. Signed by District Judge Arthur J. Tarnow. (McColley, N)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
STEVEN A. JOHNSON,
Petitioner,
v.

Civil No. 2:18-CV-12279
HONORABLE ARTHUR J. TARNOW
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

DION THOMAS,
Respondent.
____________________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER SUMMARILY DISMISSING THE PETITION FOR A
WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS, DECLINING TO ISSUE A CERTIFICATE OF
APPEALABILITY, AND GRANTING LEAVE TO APPEAL IN FORMA
PAUPERIS
Steven A. Johnson, (“petitioner”), presently living in Detroit, Michigan, seeks
the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254.1 In his
application, filed pro se, petitioner challenges his conviction out of the Oakland
County Circuit Court for carrying a concealed weapon, M.C.L.A. 750.227.
For the reasons that follow, the petition for a writ of habeas corpus is
SUMMARILY DISMISSED pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d).

Petitioner was on probation at the time he filed his petition, although he was
subsequently discharged from custody on September 19, 2018. See
mdocweb.state.mi.us/otis2/otis2profile.aspx?mdocNumber=538273probation.
Error! Main Document Only.petitioner’s probationary status at the time he filed his
petition satisfies the “in custody” requirement for filing a habeas petition. See
Miskel v. Karnes, 397 F.3d 446, 450 (6th Cir. 2005).
1

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I. Background
Petitioner was convicted following a jury trial in the Oakland County Circuit
Court. The Michigan Court of Appeals affirmed petitioner’s conviction on his
appeal of right. People v. Johnson, No. 298374, 2013 WL 1748599 (Mich. Ct. App.
Apr. 23, 2013). Petitioner did not file an application for leave to appeal to the
Michigan Supreme Court.
Petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus with the United States
District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania on September 2, 2016, which
transferred the petition to this Court. This Court summarily dismissed the petition
without prejudice because petitioner failed to exhaust the two claims he raised in
his petition, in that he never filed an application for leave to appeal with the
Michigan Supreme Court after the Michigan Court of Appeals affirmed the
conviction. See Johnson v. Michigan, No. 2:16-cv-13215, 2016 WL 5791453 (E.D.
Mich. Oct. 4, 2016). Petitioner’s motion for reconsideration was denied. Johnson
v. Michigan, No. 2:16-cv-13215, 2016 WL 6211693 (E.D. Mich. Oct. 25, 2016). The
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied petitioner’s application
for a certificate of appealability and dismissed the appeal. Johnson v. State, No.
16-2469, 2017 WL 4863117, *1–2 (6th Cir. May 2, 2017); rehearing den. No. 162469 (6th Cir. July 26, 2017).
Petitioner filed a motion for authorization to file a successive habeas petition
with the Sixth Circuit, which that court denied because petitioner’s first petition was
dismissed without prejudice, hence, petitioner did not need permission under 28
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U.S.C. § 2244(b) to file a second habeas petition. In Re Johnson, No. 17-2092 (6th
Cir. Feb. 26, 2018).
Petitioner’s current habeas petition was signed and dated June 18, 2018.2
Respondent filed an answer to the petition. As part of the answer,
Respondent argues that the habeas petition should be dismissed because it was
filed beyond the one year statute of limitations. (ECF No. 14, PageID.39-45).
II. Discussion
In the statute of limitations context, “dismissal is appropriate only if a
complaint clearly shows the claim is out of time.” Harris v. New York, 186 F.3d 243,
250 (2d Cir.1999); see also Cooey v. Strickland, 479 F.3d 412, 415-16 (6th Cir.
2007).
Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), a one (1)
year statute of limitations shall apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus
by a person in custody pursuant to a judgment of a state court. The one year
statute of limitation shall run from the latest of:
(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of
direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review;
(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application created
by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United
States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from filing by
such State action;
(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially
Under the prison mailbox rule, this Court assumes that petitioner actually filed
his habeas petition on June 18, 2018, the date that it was signed and dated. See
Towns v. U.S., 190 F.3d 468, 469 (6th Cir. 1999).

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recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly
recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively
applicable to cases on collateral review; or
(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims
presented could have been discovered through the exercise of
due diligence.
28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1).
The Michigan Court of Appeals affirmed petitioner’s conviction on April 23,
2013. Petitioner never filed an application for leave to appeal with the Michigan
Supreme Court.
If a habeas petitioner appeals to the Michigan Supreme Court, but does not
petition the United States Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, his judgment of
conviction is finalized when the time for taking an appeal to the United States
Supreme Court expires. The one-year statute of limitations does not begin to run
until the day after the petition for a writ of certiorari was due in the United States
Supreme Court. See Jimenez v. Quarterman, 555 U.S. 113, 119 (2009).
However, when, as in this case, a habeas petitioner only appeals his
judgment of conviction to the Michigan Court of Appeals and fails to properly or
timely file an application for leave to appeal to the Michigan Supreme Court, the
additional ninety days for filing an appeal to the United States Supreme Court is
not taken into account. See Gonzalez v. Thaler, 565 U.S. 134, 150 (2012)
(clarifying that when a petitioner does “not appeal to the State’s highest court, his
judgment [becomes] final when his time for seeking review with the State’s highest
court expire[s]”).
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Under M.C.R. 7.305(C)(2)(a), petitioner had fifty-six days to file an appeal in
the Michigan Supreme Court, the highest court in the State. The expiration of the
fifty-six days represents the expiration of the time for seeking direct review of
petitioner’s judgment of conviction; therefore, the one-year statute of limitations
began to run at that time. Gonzalez, 565 U.S. at 150.
Because petitioner did not file a timely application for leave to appeal to the
Michigan Supreme Court, his conviction became final, for purposes of §
2244(d)(1)(A), on June 18, 2013, when the time for seeking leave to appeal with
the Michigan Supreme Court expired. See Brown v. McKee, 232 F. Supp. 2d 761,
765 (E.D. Mich. 2002); Erwin v. Elo, 130 F. Supp. 2d 887, 889 (E.D. Mich. 2001).
Petitioner had until June 18, 2014, to timely file his habeas petition.
Petitioner’s first habeas petition was filed on September 2, 2016,3 which was
over two years after the one year limitations period expired and was untimely. A
petition for federal habeas review is not “an application for state post-conviction or
other review” within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) that would toll the one
year statute of limitations period. See Duncan v. Walker, 533 U.S. 167, 181 (2001).
Moreover, even if a prior habeas petition could toll the limitations period, petitioner
did not file his first habeas corpus petition until over two years after the statute of
limitations expired, thus, his first habeas petition could not toll or revive the expired

Although respondent indicates that petitioner’s first petition was filed with the
United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania on September
7, 2016, the petition was signed and dated September 2, 2016. See Case No.
16-13215, ECF No.1, PageID.9.
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limitations period. See Rosati v. Kernan, 417 F. Supp. 2d 1128, 1131 (C.D. Cal.
2006).
The current habeas petition, filed on June 18, 2018, is untimely because it
was filed after the one year limitations period expired.
The AEDPA’s statute of limitations “is subject to equitable tolling in
appropriate cases.” Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 645 (2010). A habeas
petitioner is entitled to equitable tolling “only if he shows ‘(1) that he has been
pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood
in his way’” and prevented the timely filing of the habeas petition. Id. at 649 (quoting
Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 418 (2005)). The Sixth Circuit has observed
that “the doctrine of equitable tolling is used sparingly by federal courts.” See
Robertson v. Simpson, 624 F.3d 781, 784 (6th Cir. 2010). The burden is on a
habeas petitioner to show that he is entitled to the equitable tolling of the one year
limitations period. Id. Petitioner is not entitled to equitable tolling of the one year
limitations period, because he failed to argue or show that the facts of his case
support equitable tolling. See Giles v. Wolfenbarger, 239 F. App’x 145, 147 (6th
Cir. 2007).
The one year statute of limitations may be equitably tolled based upon a
credible showing of actual innocence under the standard enunciated in Schlup v.
Delo, 513 U.S. 298 (1995). McQuiggin v. Perkins, 569 U.S. 383, 386 (2013). The
Supreme Court has cautioned that “tenable actual-innocence gateway pleas are
rare[.]” Id. “[A] petitioner does not meet the threshold requirement unless he
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persuades the district court that, in light of the new evidence, no juror, acting
reasonably, would have voted to find him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id.
(quoting Schlup, 513 U.S., at 329). Moreover, in determining whether petitioner
makes out a compelling case of actual innocence, so as to toll the AEDPA’s
limitations period, “‘the timing of the [petition]’ is a factor bearing on the ‘reliability
of th[e] evidence’ purporting to show actual innocence.” Id. (quoting Schlup, 513
U.S. at 332). For an actual innocence exception to be credible under Schlup, such
a claim requires a habeas petitioner to support his allegations of constitutional error
“with new reliable evidence--whether it be exculpatory scientific evidence,
trustworthy eyewitness accounts, or critical physical evidence--that was not
presented at trial.” Schlup, 513 U.S. at 324.
Petitioner’s case falls outside of the actual innocence tolling exception,
because he presented no new, reliable evidence to establish that he was actually
innocent of the crime charged. See Ross v. Berghuis, 417 F.3d 552, 556 (6th Cir.
2005). Because petitioner has presented no new evidence that he is factually
innocent of these charges, he is not entitled to tolling of the limitations period.
III. Conclusion
The Court summarily dismisses with prejudice the petition for a writ of
habeas corpus with prejudice.
The Court will also deny a certificate of appealability. In order to obtain a
certificate of appealability, a prisoner must make a substantial showing of the
denial of a constitutional right. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). To demonstrate this denial,
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the applicant is required to show that reasonable jurists could debate whether, or
agree that, the petition should have been resolved in a different manner, or that
the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed
further. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 483-84 (2000). When a district court
denies a habeas petition on procedural grounds without reaching the prisoner’s
underlying constitutional claims, a certificate of appealability should issue, and an
appeal of the district court’s order may be taken, if the petitioner shows that jurists
of reason would find it debatable whether the petitioner states a valid claim of the
denial of a constitutional right, and that jurists of reason would find it debatable
whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling. Id. When a plain
procedural bar is present and the district court is correct to invoke it to dispose of
the case, a reasonable jurist could not conclude either that the district court erred
in dismissing the petition or that the petition should be allowed to proceed further.
In such a circumstance, no appeal would be warranted. Id. “The district court must
issue or deny a certificate of appealability when it enters a final order adverse to
the applicant.” Rules Governing § 2254 Cases, Rule 11(a), 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254.
The Court denies petitioner a certificate of appealability, because
reasonable jurists would not find it debatable whether the Court was correct in
determining that petitioner filed his habeas petition outside of the one year
limitations period. See Grayson v. Grayson, 185 F. Supp. 2d 747, 753 (E.D. Mich.
2002).

However, although jurists of reason would not debate this Court’s

resolution of petitioner’s claims, the issues are not frivolous; therefore, an appeal
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could be taken in good faith and petitioner may proceed in forma pauperis on
appeal. See Foster v. Ludwick, 208 F. Supp. 2d 750, 765 (E.D. Mich. 2002).
Accordingly, the habeas petition is summarily dismissed with prejudice
because it was filed beyond the one year statute of limitations.
IT IS ORDERED that:
(1) the petition for a writ of habeas corpus is SUMMARILY DISMISSED
WITH PREJUDICE
(2) A certificate of appealability is DENIED.
(3) Petitioner will be granted leave to appeal in forma pauperis.
Dated: February 16, 2021
_s/Arthur J. Tarnow____________
Arthur J. Tarnow
United States District Judge

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