Allstate Insurance Company v. Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc. et al
Filing
52
OPINION and ORDER Granting Plaintiff's 47 MOTION for Summary Judgmentand 48 MOTION for Default Judgment Signed by District Judge Gershwin A. Drain. (TMcg)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff,
Case No. 19-cv-11192
v.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT JUDGE
GERSHWIN A. DRAIN
CANTRELL FUNERAL HOME INC., ET AL.,
Defendants.
______________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR
SUMMARY JUDGMENT [47]; AND MOTION FOR DEFAULT
JUDGMENT [48]
I. INTRODUCTION
On April 25, 2019, Plaintiff Allstate Insurance Company (“Plaintiff”) filed the
instant civil action against Defendants Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc.; Rec-Mac, Inc.;
Raymond E. Cantrell II; Annetta Cantrell; Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust
Dated 5/15/84; and Jameca LaJoyce Boone (collectively, “Defendants”). See ECF
No. 1. Several other Intervenor-Defendants joined this action, but they have since
been dismissed with prejudice in a Stipulated Order for Dismissal. ECF No. 46.
Plaintiffs seek a declaratory judgment that it is not required to provide coverage to
or indemnify Defendants under the terms of their insurance agreement.
Presently before the Court is Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to
Defendant Annetta Cantrell, which was filed on September 8, 2020. ECF No. 47.
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Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment as to the remaining Defendants, which was
filed on the same day, is also before the Court. ECF No. 48. A hearing on Plaintiff’s
Motions was held on December 11, 2020. Plaintiff was the only party in attendance
for this hearing.1 For the reasons that follow, the Court will GRANT Plaintiff’s
Motion for Summary Judgment [#47] and Motion for Default Judgment [#48].
II. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff’s action stems from eight lawsuits before the Wayne County Circuit
Court and the administrative proceedings brought by the State of Michigan
Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Securities and Commercial
Licensing Bureau. These lawsuits arise out of the alleged misconduct by Defendants
Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc. or their directors, employees, or agents related to the
funeral, burial, and/or disposition for the several claimants’ decedents discovered in
2018. ECF No. 1, PageID.3. They seek to impose liability on Defendants for the
alleged intentional, improper handling, and storage of human remains discovered in
2018 that the underlying plaintiffs believed had been previously buried or cremated.
ECF No.48, PageID.758. Plaintiff provided commercial insurance coverage—
including general liability coverage, special Funeral Director’s Liability coverage,
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Each party was notified of this hearing date on September 9, 2020 and again on
December 9, 2020. ECF Nos. 49, 50, 51. The Court also entered an Order Regarding
Status Conference on August 24, 2020 to alert the parties of deadlines for dispositive
motions. As previously noted by the Court, Plaintiff was the only party in attendance
at the status conference. ECF No. 45, PageID.502.
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and commercial umbrella/excess liability coverage—to Defendant Cantrell Funeral
Homes, Inc. from October 1, 1998 to February 1, 2016. ECF No. 48, PageID.752.
Plaintiff has taken the position that there is no coverage available to
Defendants under its insurance agreement insurance policies because the claims
asserted in the underling lawsuits do not meet the requirements of the insuring
agreements; the claims arise out of conduct for which coverage is specifically
excluded under the policies; and the claims arose outside of the applicable policy
period. Id. at PageID.759–60. On April 25, 2019, Plaintiff commenced this action
against Defendants. ECF No. 1. Excluding Defendant Annetta Cantrell, ECF No.
24, Defendants failed to file an answer or otherwise defend this matter in accordance
with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12. On June 19, 2019, the parties entered a
Stipulated Order allowing seven Intervening-Defendants to join this case. ECF No.
23.
On October 28, 2019, Plaintiff filed a request for the Clerk’s Entry of Default
against each Defendant excluding Defendant Annetta Cantrell. ECF Nos. 37, 38.
The Clerk entered a Default as to each Defendant except Defendant Jameca LaJoyce
Boone the following day. ECF Nos. 39, 40. On August 21, 2020, Plaintiff filed a
Notice of Voluntary Dismissal as to Defendant Jameca LaJoyce Boone. ECF No.
44. The Court conducted a Status Conference in this matter three days later, where
Plaintiff’s counsel indicated that she was in contact with counsel for Intervenor3
Defendants regarding their recently filed Stipulated Order for Dismissal as to the
seven Intervenor-Defendants. ECF No. 45, PageID.502. The Stipulated Order for
Dismissal as to the seven Intervenor-Defendants was submitted that same day. ECF
No. 46.
Plaintiff timely filed a Motion for Summary Judgment against Defendant
Annetta Cantrell, as well as a Motion for Default Judgment as to the remaining
Defendants in this matter, on September 8, 2020. ECF Nos. 47, 48. The Court did
not receive a Response brief for either motion. The Court will provide more factual
background as to each present Motion in its analysis below.
III. LAW & ANALYSIS
A. Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 47)
1. Factual Background
The several underlying state court and administrative proceedings stem from
the discovery of human remains hidden throughout the Cantrell Funeral Home in
2018. ECF No. 47, PageID.514. First, on November 16, 2018, Jenelle M. Barber
and Randy Holley filed suit in the Wayne County Circuit Court against the Cantrell
Funeral Home, Inc., VHS Harper-Hutzel Hospital, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell II,
Annetta Cantrell, and the Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust Dated 5/15/84, As
Amended (hereinafter, “Barber Complaint”). ECF No. 47-3. The Barber Complaint
alleges, in relevant part, that decedent Baby Holley died on April 14, 2009 and,
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despite making arrangements with Cantrell Funeral Home for a burial, the plaintiffs
learned in 2018 that the decedent’s body was discovered in the funeral home’s
ceiling crawl space. Id. at PageID.724.
Second, on January 23, 2019, Erika and Christopher Hinson filed suit against
Ascension St. John Hospital, Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell II,
and Annetta Cantrell (hereinafter, “Hinson Complaint”). ECF No. 47-4. The Hinson
Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that the decedent passed away on January 30,
2014 and Defendant Annetta Cantrell took possession of his body on behalf of
Cantrell Funeral Home beginning April 14, 2014 until it was eventually found in an
unrefrigerated tupperware container on April 25, 2018. Id. at PageID.729–30.
Third, on January 24, 2019, Whitney Morris and AJ Johnson filed suit against
VHS Harper-Hutzel Hospital, Inc., Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Raymond E.
Cantrell, II, and Annetta Cantrell (hereinafter, “Morris/Johnson Complaint”). ECF
No. 47-5. The Morris/Johnson Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that the decedent
passed away on September 14, 2011 and, despite arrange for a burial, the decedent’s
body was found hidden in the Cantrell Funeral Home on or about October 24, 2018.
Id. at PageID.737–38.
The plaintiffs in the Barber, Hinson, and Morris/Johnson Complaints each
seek recovery for extreme emotional distress in amounts in excess of ten million
dollars from defendants, including Defendant Annetta Cantrell.
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ECF No. 47,
PageID.516–17. Defendant Annetta Cantrell tendered the Barber, Hinson, and
Morris/Johnson complaints to Plaintiff for defense and/or indemnity under the
applicable insurance policies. Id.
Fourth, after discovery of human remains in the Cantrell Funeral Home in
2018, the State of Michigan initiated a series of formal administrative complaints
against Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc. (hereinafter, “Administrative Complaints”).
ECF No. 1-12. The Administrative Complaints include allegations regarding the
improper handling and disposition of human remains, as well as the those concerning
that to date, approximately 200 unclaimed cremated remains were recovered in the
funeral home. Id. at PageID.338, 340. At the time of this writing, Plaintiff has not
received a request for defense or indemnity from Defendant Annetta Cantrell for
these Administrative Complaints. ECF No. 47, PageID.518.
Plaintiff provided commercial insurance coverage including general liability
(“CGL”) coverage, special Funeral Director’s Liability coverage, and Commercial
Umbrella/excess liability coverage to its insured Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc. from
October 1, 1998 to February 1, 2016, with the policy for each renewal period
identical in both content and coverages. Id. at PageID.518–19. Plaintiff provides
the policy language, including relevant exclusions, for each coverage in its Motion.
Id. at PageID.519–523.
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Plaintiff now moves for and requests the Court to grant summary judgment in
its favor and issue the following Declaratory Judgment: (1) that the exclusions and
coverage provisions contained in the Allstate Commercial and General Liability
Policy No. 048-777-304, and Commercial Umbrella coverage Policy No. 048-777289, including the special Funeral Director’s Liability coverage form, do not provide
coverage or require that Plaintiff indemnify Defendant Annetta Cantrell,
individually or as a representative/agent of Cantrell Funeral Home, for the liability
asserted against her in state court litigation and administrate proceedings
commenced by the State of Michigan concerning the improper handling and
disposition of human remains discovered in the Cantrell Funeral Home in 2018; and
(2) that since Plaintiff owes no coverage for the liability asserted against Defendant
Annetta Cantrell, it is relieved from providing a defense in a suit tendered to Plaintiff
on behalf of Defendant Annetta Cantrell alleging that Defendant improperly handled
and disposed of human remains at the Cantrell Funeral Home, and accordingly,
Plaintiff is not obligated to pay attorney’s fees, costs, and/or expenses, including
payment of any judgment or settlement, in connection with any of the litigation or
administrative proceedings commenced by the State of Michigan. ECF No. 47,
PageID.507. As indicated supra, Defendant Annetta Cantrell did not file a Response
to Plaintiff’s present Motion. Indeed, the Court takes notice that Defendant Annetta
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Cantrell has not filed anything in the present matter since her Answer in June 2019.
See ECF No. 24.
2. Legal Standard
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a) “directs that summary judgment shall
be granted if there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving
party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Cehrs v. Ne. Ohio Alzheimer’s
Research Ctr., 155 F.3d 775, 779 (6th Cir. 1998) (quotations omitted). The court
must view the facts, and draw reasonable inferences from those facts, in the light
most favorable to the non-moving party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S.
242, 255, (1986). No genuine dispute of material fact exists where the record “taken
as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party.”
Matsushita Elec. Indus., Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587 (1986).
Ultimately, the court evaluates “whether the evidence presents a sufficient
disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one
party must prevail as a matter of law.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 251–52.
3. Analysis
Plaintiff argues that it has no duty to defend or indemnify Defendant Annetta
Cantrell against the allegations in the underlying lawsuits based on (1) Defendant
Annetta Cantrell’s alleged conduct occurred as a result of intentional acts and
violations of Michigan law which do not qualify as an “occurrence” as defined by
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the policies, and otherwise fall within the applicable policy exclusions; and (2) the
plaintiffs in the underlying state court lawsuits did not become aware of the
mishandling of the decedents’ remains until 2018, after termination of Plaintiff’s
policy period effective February 1, 2016. Id. at PageID.514–15. The Court shall
address each argument in turn.
a. Applicable Law
Michigan courts interpret insurance contracts “in accordance with Michigan’s
well-established principles of contract construction.” Henderson v. State Farm Fire
and Cas. Co., 596 N.W.2d 190 (Mich. 1999) (citation omitted). This requires
insurance contracts to be enforced according to their terms, and courts should not
create an ambiguity when the policy is clear and precise. Id. (citations omitted).
Any terms used in an insurance policy which are not clearly defined should be given
their commonly used meaning. Group Ins. Co. of Mich. v. Czopek, 489 N.W.2d 444,
447 (Mich. 1992) (citation omitted). Exclusions limiting the scope of coverage are
to be read with the insuring agreement and independent of other exclusions. See
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Roe, 573 N.W.2d 628, 631 (Mich. Ct. App. 1997).
As a general rule, exclusionary clauses are to be strictly construed against the insurer.
Id. (citation omitted).
The burden of showing a claim is not covered under a policy belongs to the
insurer. Fresard v. Mich. Millers Mut. Ins. Co., 327 N.W.2d 286, 289 (Mich. 1982).
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The Supreme Court of Michigan has set forth a two-part analysis to determine
whether an insured is entitled to insurance benefits:
First, we determine if the policy provides coverage to the insured. If it
does, we then ascertain whether that coverage is negated by an
exclusion. Buczkowski v. Allstate Ins. Co., 447 Mich. 669, 682, 526
N.W.2d 589 (1994). It is the insured's burden to establish that his claim
falls within the terms of the policy. Arco Industries Corp. v. American
Motorists Ins. Co., 448 Mich. 395, 531 N.W.2d 168 (1995). Harvey Oil
Co. v. Federated Mut. Ins. Co., 837 F. Supp. 242, 244 (W.D. Mich.,
1993).
Heniser v. Frankenmuth Mut. Ins. Co., 534 N.W.2d 502, 510 (Mich. 1995) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Moreover, the Supreme Court of Michigan has explained
that policy exclusions rely on a presumption that the insured has established that the
policy provides coverage. Id. If the policy in question does not provide coverage to
the insured, then the court does not need to examine any policy exclusions or
exceptions to exclusions. Id.
b. CGL and Umbrella Policies and the Policy Exclusions
Plaintiff first argues that its CGL and Umbrella policies do not provide
coverage for claims that Defendant Annetta Cantrell improperly handled and/or
concealed human remains. ECF No. 47, PageID.526. Plaintiff asserts that the
actions alleged in the claims do not qualify as an “occurrence” as defined by its
policy. Id. Moreover, Plaintiff maintains that the violations of law and criminal acts
in the underlying lawsuits fall within the policy exclusions. Id.
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As explained above, Plaintiff provided commercial insurance coverage,
including CGL coverage, special Funeral Director’s Liability coverage, and
Commercial Umbrella/excess liability coverage to its insured Cantrell Funeral Home
Inc. between October 1, 1998 to February 1, 2016. ECF No. 47, PageID.527. The
policies in place during this period were identical in form, content, and coverages
during each policy renewal period. Id. The purchase of these policies by Cantrell
Funeral Home, Inc. created a binding contract between Plaintiff and Defendants,
where Plaintiff agreed to insure Defendants and its employees against covered
occurrences. Id. Plaintiff’s coverage was subject to specified terms, conditions,
exclusions, and endorsements contained within the insuring agreements. Id.
The CGL policy, including the Funeral Director’s Liability Coverage Form,
provides that Plaintiff would pay those sums that Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc.
became legally obligated to pay as damages because of “bodily injury” or “property
damage” caused by an “occurrence” during the policy periods. See ECF No. 1-2.
“Bodily injury” is defined as bodily injury, sickness, or disease sustained by a
person, including death resulting from any of these at any time. Id.; see also ECF
No. 47, PageID.520. “Occurrence” is defined as an accident, including continuous
or repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions. Id.
The CGL policy includes a provision setting forth exclusions for liability:
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2. Exclusions
This insurance does not apply to:
c. Expected or Intended injury. “Bodily injury” or “property
damage” expected or intended from the standpoint of the insured.
This exclusion does not appl to “bodily injury” resulting from the
use of reasonable force to protect persons or property.
Id. Moreover, the CGL policy specifically excludes liability coverage for any
occurrence in connection with which the insured, within its own knowledge, had
violated any law or ordinance or committed any criminal act.
ECF No. 47,
PageID.528.
The Umbrella policy provides that Plaintiff will pay the insured the “ultimate
net loss” in excess of the “retained limit” because of “bodily injury” or “property
damage” to which the insurance applies. ECF No. 1-3; see also ECF No. 47,
PageID.522. This policy applies to “bodily injury” and “property damage” only if
the bodily injury or property damage is caused by an “occurrence” during the policy
period. Id. Like the CGL policy, the Umbrella policy specifically excludes liability
coverage for bodily injury and property damage expected or intended from the
standpoint of the insured. ECF No. 1-3; see also ECF No. 47, PageID.523.
In its Motion, Plaintiff asserts that the coverage available under the
aforementioned policies “only extend[] to conduct considered ‘accidental’ and
falling within the policy definition of an ‘occurrence,’ while specifically excluding
coverage for intentional or criminal conduct.” ECF No. 47, PageID.529. The
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Court’s determination of coverage is based on whether the underlying complaint(s)
allege a theory of recovery that falls within the insurance policy.
Reed v.
Netherlands Ins. Co., 860 F. Supp. 2d 407, 412 (E.D. Mich. 2012) (citation omitted).
Indeed, “[t]he Insurer’s duty to defend is determined by the allegations in the
complaint.” Id. The Michigan Court of Appeals has explained that “[t]here is no
duty to defend or provide coverage where the complaint is a transparent attempt to
trigger insurance coverage by characterizing allegations of tortious conduct under
the guise of ‘negligent’ activities.” Auto Club Grp. Ins. Co. v. Burchell, 642 N.W.2d
406, 414 (Mich. Ct. App. 2001) (citations omitted); see also State Mut. Ins. Co. v.
Russell, 462 N.W.2d 785, 788 (Mich. Ct. App. 1990).
Here, the Court must therefore apply the terms of the insurance policies to
Defendant Annetta Cantrell’s alleged conduct, and the resulting claims of emotional
distress set forth in the underlying lawsuits. The alleged conduct in these lawsuits
involve the concealment of bodies in the Cantrell Funeral Home when the decedent’s
families otherwise believed that such bodies had been buried or cremated. The Court
finds that allegations concerning the active concealment of remains in a ceiling, as
set forth in the Barber and Morris Complaints, and a tupperware container, as set
forth in the Hinson Complaint, cannot be considered “accidental” as defined in the
parties’ insurance agreement.
Specifically, the alleged conduct included the
following statutory and criminal violations:
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Making false statements on vital records, a misdemeanor pursuant
to MCL 333.2898. (ECF No. 1-11, PageID.343–44).
Failing or refusing to properly supervise the final disposition of a
dead human body, a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for
not more than 90 days pursuant to MCL 750.160c. (ECF No. 111,PageID.345).
Engaging in fraud, deceit, and dishonesty in the practice of
mortuary science, contrary to MCL 339.604(b). (ECF No. 1-11,
PageID.347).
Moreover, the Court reiterates that the insurance agreement specifically excludes
coverage for violations of law and criminal acts. The Court thus concludes that
Defendant Annetta Cantrell’s alleged conduct does not fall within the definition of
“occurrence” under the insurance policies.
Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff has no obligation to indemnify or
defend Defendant Annetta Cantrell in the underlying state court actions or
Administrative Complaints.
d. Policy Period
Plaintiff also argues that it does not have an obligation to indemnify or defend
Defendant Annetta Cantrell under the applicable insurance policies because the
plaintiffs in the underlying state court lawsuits did not become aware of the alleged
mishandling of the decedents’ remains until 2018, after the termination of Plaintiff’s
policy period of February 1, 2016. ECF No. 47, PageID.530. Plaintiff cites to Reed
v. Netherlands Ins. Co., 860 F. Supp. 2d 407 (E.D. Mich. 2012) for the proposition
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that coverage is triggered under an occurrence policy only when a claimant discovers
that a decedent’s remains have been mishandled. Id. The Court agrees with Plaintiff
that the district court’s analysis in Reed is applicable to the present matter.
In Reed, the court granted summary judgment in favor of defendant
Netherlands Insurance Company after determining that plaintiffs’ emotional distress
claims did not accrue until after the applicable insurance policy period expired.
Specifically, plaintiffs’ claim of mental anguish did not accrue until August 11,
2009, the date they discovered their mother’s body had allegedly been misplaced by
the insured cemetery. Id. at 415. This discovery was well outside the policy
coverage dates. Indeed, the applicable insurance policy was effective between
December 22, 2006 and November 25, 2007. Id. 410. In its analysis, the court
emphasized that defendant Netherlands Insurance Company’s policy was an
“occurrence” policy, and it therefore provided coverage only for losses that occur
within the policy period. Id. at 414. The court concluded that because plaintiffs
discovered the alleged error with their mother’s body outside of the policy period,
they could not have experienced any resulting emotional distress until after
expiration of that policy period. Id. at 413–14.
Here, the Court takes notice that in all of the underlying lawsuits filed against
Defendant Annetta Cantrell in state court, the claimants seek damages for their
alleged emotional distress that occurred as a result of the discovery of human
15
remains in the Cantrell Funeral Home in 2018. To reiterate, Plaintiff’s policy was
effective from October 1, 1998 to February 1, 2016. In her Answer to the instant
Complaint, Defendant Annetta Cantrell admitted that the policy periods terminated
February 1, 2016. ECF No. 24, PageID.407. There is therefore no genuine issue of
material fact that the policy periods terminated on February 1, 2016. Accordingly,
the alleged damages for emotional distress in the underlying lawsuits did not ripen
until 2018, well outside the policy coverage dates. The Court therefore agrees with
Plaintiff that no coverage exists for claimed emotional distress occurring outside of
the policy period.
In sum, Plaintiff has no duty to defend or indemnify Defendant Annetta
Cantrell against the allegations in the underlying lawsuits. The Court will therefore
grant Plaintiff’s present Motion for Summary Judgment, and its requested relief, as
to Defendant Annetta Cantrell.
B. Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment (ECF No. 48)
1. Factual Background
Several lawsuits in the Wayne County Circuit Court against Defendants, as
well as administrative proceedings by the State of Michigan Department of
Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, resulted from state investigators’ discovery of
human remains in the Cantrell Funeral Home in 2018. Based on the allegations in
the lawsuits and administrative proceedings, Plaintiff has maintained that there is no
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coverage available to Defendants under the insurance policies because (1) the claims
asserted therein do not meet the requirements of the insuring agreements; (2) the
claims arise out of conduct for which coverage is specifically excluded under the
policies; and (3) the claims arose outside of the applicable period. ECF No. 48,
PageID.759–60. The Court will briefly address each lawsuit in the Wayne County
Circuit Court and administrative proceeding below.
As explained supra, on November 16, 2018, Jenelle M. Barber and Randy
Holley filed suit against the Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., VHS Harper-Hutzel
Hospital, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell II, Annetta Cantrell, and the Raymond E.
Cantrell Revocable Trust Dated 5/15/84, As Amended. ECF No. 1-4. The Barber
Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that decedent Baby Holley died on April 14,
2009 and, despite making arrangements with Cantrell Funeral Home for a burial, the
plaintiffs learned in 2018 that the decedent’s body was discovered in the funeral
home’s ceiling crawl space. Id. at PageID.231.
Also explained supra, on January 23, 2019, Erika and Christopher Hinson
filed suit against Ascension St. John Hospital, Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc.,
Raymond E. Cantrell II, and Annetta Cantrell. ECF No. 1-5. The Hinson Complaint
alleges, in relevant part, that the decedent passed away on January 30, 2014 and
Defendant Annetta Cantrell took possession of his body on behalf of Cantrell
17
Funeral Home beginning April 14, 2014 until it was eventually found in an
unrefrigerated tupperware container on April 25, 2018. Id. at PageID.241.
On November 13, 2018, Sharna Bates filed suit against Defendants seeking
recovery for emotional trauma associated with the disposition of her child’s remains
(hereinafter, “Bates Complaint”). ECF No. 1-6. The Bates Complaint alleges, in
relevant part, that the decedent passed away on October 23, 2015 and Defendants
took possession of her body beginning October 24, 2015 until it was eventually
found stuffed in a ceiling in October 2018. Id. at PageID.247.
On January 24, 2019, Whitney Morris and AJ Johnson filed suit against VHS
Harper-Hutzel Hospital, Inc., Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell, II,
and Annetta Cantrell. ECF No. 1-7. The Morris/Johnson Complaint alleges, in
relevant part, that decedent passed away on September 14, 2011 and, despite arrange
for a burial, the decedent’s body was found hidden in the Cantrell Funeral Home on
or about October 24, 2018. Id. at PageID.257–58.
On January 29, 2019, Arnestra Brewer filed suit against Defendants seeking
recovery for extreme emotional distress associated with the disposition of decedent
Leila V. Brewer’s remains (hereinafter, “Brewer Complaint.”). ECF No. 1-8. The
Brewer Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that Defendants failed to properly
preserve and care for the decedent’s body and allowed it to be stored in an
unrefrigerated garage for months. Id. at PageID.264.
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On February 4, 2019, Michael Brown filed suit against Defendants seeking
recovery for extreme emotional distress associated with the disposition of decedent
Dominique Brown’s remains (hereinafter, “Brown Complaint.”). ECF No. 1-9. The
Brown Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that Defendants failed to properly
preserve and care for the decedent’s body and allowed it to be stored in an
unrefrigerated garage for months. Id. at PageID.268.
On October 16, 2018, Katherleen Bonner filed suit against Defendants
seeking recovery for economic and non-economic damages, including mental
anguish, associated with the handling of her late husband’s remains (hereinafter,
“Bonner Complaint.”). ECF No. 1-10. The Bonner Complaint alleges, in relevant
part, that subsequent to taking possession of the decedent’s body, Defendant Cantrell
failed to perform funeral services and ultimately performed a cremation on or about
April 16, 2018. Id. at PageID.274. Upon information and belief, however, the
alleged cremated remains were not in fact the decedent’s remains, but instead some
other unknown substance. Id.
On June 8, 2018, Tamika Jordan, Shandanique Jordan, and Tanisha Jordan
filed suit against Defendants seeking recovery for emotional distress associated with
the disposition of decedent Marcia Jordan’s remains (hereinafter, “Jordan
Complaint.”). ECF No. 1-11. The Jordan Complaint alleges, in relevant part, that
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Defendants failed to properly preserve and care for the decedent’s body, which was
later found in an unrefrigerated garage for months. Id. at PageID.285.
After the discovery of human remains in the Cantrell Funeral Home in 2018,
the State of Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs,
Corporations, Securities & Commercial Licensing Bureau, initiated a series of
formal administrative complaints against Cantrell Funeral home, Inc. ECF No. 48,
PageID.758.
Specifically, the complaints alleged violations of the Michigan
Occupational Code, MCL 339.1801, et seq., and the Prepaid Funeral and Cemetery
Sales Act, MCL 328.211, et seq. Id. The administrative complains also included
allegations regarding the improper handling and disposition of human remains. Id.
at PageID.759.
Defendants Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Rec-Mac, Inc., f/k/a Cantrell Funeral
Home, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell, II, and Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust
Dated 5/15/84, As Amended (hereinafter, “Defendants”) were served with the
summons and Complaint in the present matter in April and May 2019. ECF Nos.
10, 11, 12, 14.
They failed to plead or otherwise defend against Plaintiff’s
Complaint. Accordingly, the Clerk’s Entry of Default for each Defendant was
entered on June 3, 2019 (as to Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Rec-Mac, Inc., f/k/a
Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., and Raymond E. Cantrell, II) and on October 29, 2019
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(as to Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust Dated 5/15/84, As Amended). ECF
Nos. 18, 19, 20, 39.
Plaintiff now moves for an entry of default judgment in its favor against each
of the aforementioned Defendants. ECF No. 48. Plaintiff seeks a ruling that it has
no obligation to either (a) participate in the defense on behalf of Defendants in the
underlying lawsuits and State of Michigan administrative proceedings, including the
payment of any attorney’s fees, costs, and/or expenses in connection with the
lawsuits; and (b) indemnify Defendants for any of the underlying state court cases
or State of Michigan administrative proceedings. Id. at PageID.760.
2. Legal Standards
a. Motion for Default Judgment
Rule 55 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs entry of judgment by
default. In order to obtain judgment by default, the proponent must first request the
Clerk’s entry of default pursuant to Rule 55(a). Once a default has been entered by
the Clerk, the plaintiff’s well-pleaded allegations are deemed admitted. See, e.g.,
Thomas v. Miller, 489 F.3d 293, 299 (6th Cir. 2007); State Farm Fire and Casualty
Company v. Piron, No. 11-11375, 2011 WL 3625048, at *1 (E.D. Mich. July 28,
2011). The plaintiff may then file for default judgment by the Clerk or by the court.
FED. R. CIV. P. 55(b).
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When the plaintiff’s complaint alleges damages for a sum certain, the Clerk
“on plaintiff’s request, with an affidavit showing the amount due—must enter
judgment for that amount and costs against a defendant who has been defaulted for
not appearing….” FED. R. CIV. P. 55(b)(1). “In all other cases, the party must apply
to the court for a default judgment.” FED. R. CIV. P. 55(b)(2). A default judgment
may be entered without a hearing unless it is necessary to determine the amount of
monetary damages. Id. The court must exercise “sound judicial discretion” when
determining whether to enter the default judgment. 10A CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT,
ARTHUR R. MILLER & MARY KAY KANE, FEDERAL PRACTICE
AND
PROCEDURE, §
2685 (3d ed. 1988); see also Applebaum v. Target Corporation, No. 11-cv-15035,
2015 WL 13050014, at *1 (E.D. Mich. Sept. 10, 2015); Piron, 2013 WL 1843965,
at *2.
b. The Declaratory Judgment Act
The Declaratory Judgment Act states that “[i]n a case of actual controversy
within its jurisdiction … any court of the United States, upon the filing of an
appropriate pleading, may declare the rights and other legal relations of any
interested party seeking such declaration, whether or not further relief is or could be
sought.” 28 U.S.C. § 2201. It does not provide an independent basis for jurisdiction.
Rather, it provides courts with discretion to fashion a remedy in cases where federal
jurisdiction already exists. Heydon v. MediaOne of Southeast Mich., Inc., 327 F.3d
22
466, 470 (6th Cir. 2003). In the present matter, the jurisdiction of the Court to hear
Plaintiff’s declaratory judgment action arises out of diversity jurisdiction pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. See ECF No. 11, PageID.252.
While the Declaratory Judgment Act provides this Court with jurisdiction, the
Supreme Court of the United States has explained that a district court is “under no
compulsion to exercise that jurisdiction.” Brillhart v. Excess Ins. Co. of Am., 316
U.S. 491, 494 (1942). In the Sixth Circuit, courts consider five factors in deciding
whether a case is appropriate for declaratory judgment:
(1) whether the declaratory action would settle the controversy; (2)
whether the declaratory action would serve a useful purpose in
clarifying the legal relations in issue; (3) whether the declaratory
remedy is being used merely for the purpose of “procedural fencing” or
“to provide an arena for res judicata;” (4) whether the use of a
declaratory action would increase friction between our federal and state
courts and improperly encroach upon state jurisdiction; and (5) whether
there is an alternative remedy which is better or more effective.
Grand Trunk W. R.R. Co. v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 746 F.2d 323, 326 (6th Cir.
1984).
3. Analysis
The instant matter arises under the Declaratory Judgment Act. A clerk’s entry
of default is not a guarantee that a court’s entry of default judgment is going to follow
in a suit arising under the Declaratory Judgment Act. See, e.g., Auto-Owners
Insurance Co. v. Davidson, No. 1:17-CV-83, 2017 WL 5035085, at *3 (E.D. Tenn.
Nov. 1, 2017). In federal actions under the Declaratory Judgment Act, any potential
23
risk of “interference with the orderly and comprehensive disposition of a state court
litigation” should be avoided. See Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277, 286
(1995); Brillhart v. Excess Ins. Co. of America, 316 U.S. 491, 495 (1942). The Court
will first address Plaintiff’s argument as to the scope of coverage. The Court will
then analyze whether it is appropriate to exercise jurisdiction over this matter under
the Declaratory Judgment Act.
a. Plaintiff’s Insurance Coverage
In its Motion, Plaintiff argues that “[t]he question in declaratory actions such
as this one, brought to determine the scope of coverage, is whether there is a theory
of liability on which the tort claimant can prevail, and as to which there is coverage.”
ECF No. 48, PageID.760–61. Plaintiff asserts that “coverage determination depends
on an examination of the substance of the complaint, the conduct of the insured, and
the basis of the claimant’s injuries.” Id. at PageID.761. It argues that its insurance
coverage to Defendants “only extends to conduct considered ‘accidental’ and falling
within the policy definition of an ‘occurrence,’ while specifically excluding
coverage for the Defendants’ intentional or criminal conduct.” Id. at PageID.763.
Further, its coverage only applies to damages which occurred within the specific
policy periods: October 1, 1998 to February 1, 2016. Id.
Plaintiff argues that it does not owe a duty to defend or indemnify the
Defendants in the underlying state court litigation and administrative proceedings
24
initiated by the State of Michigan for two reasons. First, Defendants’ conduct
occurred as a result of their purportedly intentional acts, including a violation of
Michigan law that does not qualify as an “occurrence” as defined by Plaintiff’s
insurance policies, and otherwise falls within the applicable policy exclusions. Id.
Second, the plaintiffs in the underlying state court lawsuits did not become aware of
Defendants’ mishandling of the decedents’ remains until 2018—two years after the
policy period concluded. Id.
The Court incorporates its discussion of the applicable law for insurance
contracts in Michigan to its present analysis. As explained supra, exclusions in an
insurance policy should generally be construed strictly in favor of the insured. See
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Saph, No. 13-13112, 2014 WL 3900607, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Aug.
11, 2014). “Clear and specific exclusions,” however, must be given effect to avoid
holding an insurance company liable for a risk it did not assume. Id. (citing McGuirk
Sand & Gravel, Inc. v. Meridian Mut. Ins. Co., 559 N.W.2d 93 (Mich. App. 1996)).
Here, Plaintiff cites to Reed v. Netherlands Ins. Co., 860 F.Supp.2d 407, 414
(E.D. Mich. Feb. 16, 2012), to support its argument that its insurance policies do not
cover the alleged damages in the underlying state court lawsuits.
Plaintiff
emphasizes that the purported emotional distress damages in these cases “did not
accrue until after termination of the policy period.” ECF No. 48, PageID.765–66.
In Reed, the court explained that “[e]motional distress claims generally do not ripen
25
until the plaintiff suffers the emotional distress. Under the circumstances of this
case, a plaintiff’s claim for mental anguish would not accrue until the plaintiff is
actually aware that human remains were mishandled.” Reed, 860 F.Supp.2d at 413
(internal citations omitted).
Additionally, the court in Reed explained that the insurance policy at issue
was an “occurrence” policy. Id. at 414. In such a policy, there can be no coverage
for an event which doesn’t occur during the policy period. See Frankenmuth Mutual
Ins. Co., Inc. v. Eurich, 394 N.W.2d 70 (Mich. Ct. App. 1986) (finding that a general
liability insurer had no duty to defend because the occurrence fell outside the policy
period); Employers Mutual Liability Ins. Co. of Wisconsin v. Michigan Mutual Auto
Ins. Co., 300 N.W.2d 682 (Mich. Ct. App. 1980) (holding that when the negligent
act occurs during the policy period but the damages do not occur until after the policy
has been cancelled, the insurance policy does not cover the accident).
In the instant matter, the plaintiffs in the underlying state court lawsuits
similarly discovered that their decedents’ remains were mistreated—conduct which
allegedly gave rise to their independent emotional distress claims—in 2018, well
after Plaintiff’s provided insurance coverage was terminated on February 1, 2016.
ECF No. 48, PageID.766. Moreover, in the Brewery, Brown, Bonner, and Jonner
Complaints, the improper handling of the decedents’ remains did not occur until
26
after expiration of the policy period on February 1, 2016. Id. The decedents in each
of these cases passed away after October 2017. Id.
Further, the insurance coverage at issue in the present matter, like the one at
issue in Reed, was an “occurrence” policy. The CGL policy provides that Plaintiff
would pay the sums which Defendant became legally obligated to pay as damages
because of “bodily injury” or “property damage” caused by an “occurrence” to
which the insurance applied to during the policy periods. ECF No. 1, PageID.8–11.
“Occurrence” is defined in the policy as “an accident, including continuous or
repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions.” Id. at
PageID.10. Both the CGL and the Umbrella policies exclude liability coverage for
bodily injury or property damage expected or intended from the standpoint of the
insured. Stated differently, Plaintiff’s insurance coverage excludes coverage for
Defendants’ intentional or criminal conduct, which Plaintiff lists in its present
Motion. See ECF No. 48, PageID.764–65. The Court agrees with Plaintiff that Reed
provides persuasive authority both for the proposition that the emotional distress
damages alleged in the underlying state court lawsuits did not ripen until after the
termination of its policy period and that no coverage existed for the claimed bodily
injuries occurring outside of the policy period.
The Court’s analysis of whether to enter default judgment in the instant matter
does not conclude here. The Court finds it necessary to apply the Grand Trunk
27
factors since Plaintiff’s claims arise under the Declaratory Judgment Act. The Court
will do so in the next section.
b. Jurisdiction Under the Declaratory Judgment Act
To reiterate, the Sixth Circuit has identified five factors that the Court should
consider in its determination of whether to exercise jurisdiction over a declaratory
judgment action. Grand Trunk W. R.R. Co. v. Consolidated Rail Corp., 746 F.2d
323, 326 (6th Cir. 1984). Applying the Grand Trunk factors here persuades the
Court that it should exercise jurisdiction under the Declaratory Judgment Act.
As to the first Grand Trunk factor, which evaluates whether the declaratory
action would settle the controversy, a declaratory action here will definitively
determine whether or not Plaintiff owes a duty to defend and indemnify Defendants
in the underlying state court litigation and administrative proceedings. “[A] prompt
declaration of policy coverage would surely ‘serve a useful purpose in clarifying the
legal relations at issue.’” Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Roumph, 211 F.3d 964, 968 (6th Cir.
2000). A grant of declaratory relief would “settle the scope of insurance coverage”
under Plaintiff’s policies in the underling state court litigation and administrative
proceedings. See Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Salmo, No. 09-13482, 2010 WL
2740170, at *3 (E.D. Mich. July 12, 2010). Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor
of this Court’s exercise of jurisdiction.
28
The first and second Grand Trunk factors are closely related. Salmo, 2010
WL 2740170, at *3. The second factor evaluates whether a declaratory action would
serve a useful purpose in clarifying legal relations at issue. Grand Trunk, 746 F.2d
at 326. The Sixth Circuit has explained that “[w]hile the parties may have other
tortious or contractual relationships to clarify in state court, [the] concern in
considering the second Grand Trunk factor in such cases is with the ability of the
federal declaratory judgment to resolve, once and finally, the question of the
insurance indemnity obligation of the insurer.” Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Flowers, 513
F.3d 546, 557 (6th Cir. 2008).
Here, the declaratory action will conclusively determine Plaintiff’s duty to
Defendants in the underlying state court lawsuits and administrative proceedings.
The Court’s ruling will not impair or confuse the state court’s analysis of the
coverage issues because Plaintiff is not a party to these proceedings. ECF No. 48,
PageID.767–68. Additionally, the Court denotes that Plaintiff previously stipulated
to allow the state court claimants to intervene in this action. ECF No. 23. Plaintiff
subsequently agreed to a Stipulated Order of Dismissal of all intervening Defendants
after they agreed that they no longer had an interest in this action. ECF No. 46.
Accordingly, at this juncture, the state court claimants are not opposing Plaintiff’s
requested relief.
The Court’s determination of the legal relationship between
Plaintiff and Defendants, therefore, should not complicate the state court’s analysis
29
of liability issues. Cf. Salmo, 2010 WL 2740170, at *3 (finding that the second
Grand Trunk factor weighed against the court’s exercise of jurisdiction since the
named parties in the underlying state lawsuit filed motions to intervene as interested
parties; the district court concluded that its decision “might confuse the state court’s
analysis of [the] liability issues”). The Court thus finds that the second factor weighs
in favor of this Court’s exercise of jurisdiction.
The third Grand Trunk factor evaluates whether a party’s request for
declaratory judgment action is motivated by “procedural fencing” or is likely to
create a race for res judicata. Grand Trunk, 746 F.2d at 326. When a plaintiff files
its claim after a state court litigation has begun, courts generally give that plaintiff
the benefit of the doubt that no improper motive fueled the filing of the action. See
Bituminous Cas. Corp. v. J & L Lumber Co., Inc., 373 F.3d 807, 814 (6th Cir. 2004).
This factor “is meant to preclude jurisdiction for declaratory plaintiffs who file their
suits mere days or weeks before the coercive suits filed by natural plaintiff and who
seem to have done so for the purpose of acquiring a favorable forum.” Esurance
Property and Casualty Insurance Co. v. Johnson, No. 16-cv-11880, 2017 WL
3272157, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 20, 2017) (internal citations omitted).
Plaintiff filed the instant action in April 2019 after the filing of the eight
underlying state court lawsuits between June 2018 and February 2019. Additionally,
the Court emphasizes Defendants’ lack of defense; they have not attempted to
30
dispute Plaintiff’s motive in bringing the instant action. As Plaintiff correctly
explains, Defendants “have not taken any steps in this action to oppose [Plaintiff’s]
requested relief.”
ECF No. 48, PageID.768–69.
The Court reiterates that
Defendants most recently failed to either attend the August 24, 2020 Status
Conference or respond to Plaintiff’s present Motion.
Further, the Sixth Circuit has explained that “[i]f [an insurer] in fact [has] no
duty to indemnify its insured or to defend them in the state action, then it should not
be forced to participate in the action.” Northland Insurance Co. v. Stewart Title
Guaranty Co., 327 F.3d 448, 454 (6th Cir. 2003). Here, the Court finds it plausible
that Plaintiff’s commencement of this action is for the valid purpose of avoiding
forced participation in the underlying lawsuits. See ECF No. 48, PageID.769 (“With
allegations of wrongdoing against Defendants in multiple forums, Plaintiff properly
commenced this action to seek an adjudication of its coverage obligations as to these
Defendants[.]”). A declaratory judgment will undoubtedly clarify the relationship
between Plaintiff and Defendants. Accordingly, this third factor weighs in favor of
this Court’s exercise of jurisdiction.
Next, the Court must determine whether exercising jurisdiction over this case
would increase friction between federal and state courts. See Grand Trunk, 746 F.2d
at 326. The Supreme Court cautioned that “where another suit involving the same
parties and presenting opportunity for ventilation of the same state law issues is
31
pending in state court, a district court might be indulging in ‘[g]ratuitous
interference,’ if it permitted the federal declaratory action to proceed.” Wilton v.
Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277, 283 (1995) (quoting Brillhart v. Excess Ins. Co. of
Am., 316 U.S. 491, 495 (1942)). The mere existence of a state court proceeding,
though, is not determinative of improper federal encroachment upon state
jurisdiction. Allstate Insurance Co. v. Green, 825 F.2d 1061, 1067 (6th Cir. 1987),
abrogated on other grounds by Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. Roumph, 211 F.3d 964 (6th
Cir. 2000).
Courts must consider three additional factors when analyzing the fourth
Grand Trunk factor:
(1) whether the underlying factual issues are important to an informed
resolution of the case; (2) whether the state trial court is in a better
position to evaluate those factual issues than is the federal court; and
(3) whether there is a close nexus between underlying factual and legal
issues and state law and/or public policy, or whether federal common
or statutory law dictates a resolution of the declaratory judgment
action.”
Scottsdale Ins. Co., 513 F.3d at 560.
Plaintiff argues that there is no risk of usurping the state court in light of (1)
Defendants’ failure to defend this action; (2) the lack of dispute concerning the
applicable language in the insurance policies and coverage periods; and (3) Plaintiff
not being a named party to the underlying state court lawsuits or administrative
proceedings. ECF No. 48, PageID.770. The Court agrees with Plaintiff that while
32
Defendants could have filed a third-party complaint against it in the state court
action, they failed to do so. Id. There is therefore no indication that the state court
is considering the issues presented in the instant matter in any of the underlying
lawsuits at this juncture.
The Court concludes that the three sub-factors each weigh in favor of the
Court’s exercise of jurisdiction; accordingly, the fourth Grand Trunk factor, in its
entirety, weighs in favor of the exercise of jurisdiction.
The fifth and final Grand Trunk factor evaluates the availability of an
alternative remedy. See Grand Trunk, 746 F.2d at 326. Plaintiff could seek a
declaratory judgment action in state court. Mich. Ct. R. 2.605(A)(1). However, “it
is not clear whether such alternative remedies are better or more effective than a
federal declaratory action.” Scottsdale Ins. Co., 513 F.3d at 562.
Defendants, in choosing not to file an answer or otherwise defend this matter,
do not argue that a state court declaratory judgment action would be better or more
effective than a federal court declaratory judgment action. Cf. Esurance Property
and Casualty Insurance Co. v. Johnson, No. 16-cv-11880, 2017 WL 3272157, at *5
(E.D. Mich. Apr. 20, 2017) (district court recognized the moving defendants’
argument that the availability of a state court declaratory judgment action as an
“other remed[y]” available to plaintiff). The Court therefore does not have a record
to analyze the plausibility of another remedy in the instant matter.
33
Even if
Defendants presented such an argument, though, the Court concludes that the
alternative state court action would not necessarily present a better remedy.
Accordingly, this final factor also weighs in favor of exercising jurisdiction.
In sum, each of the five factors the Court must consider weigh in favor of the
exercise of jurisdiction. Accordingly, and in light of the “unique and substantial”
discretion which the Declaratory Judgment Act confers on district courts, the Court
will exercise its jurisdiction in granting declaratory relief. See Wilton v. Seven Falls
Co., 515 U.S. 277, 286 (1995). To reiterate, Defendants were served with the
summons and Complaint in April and May 2019, ECF Nos. 10, 11, 12, 14, and failed
to plead or otherwise defend against Plaintiff’s Complaint.
The Court will therefore grant Plaintiff’s present Motion for Default
Judgment, and its requested relief, as to Defendants Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc.,
Rec-Mac, Inc., f/k/a Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell, II, and
Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust Dated 5/15/84, As Amended.
IV. CONCLUSION AND ORDER
For the reasons articulated above, the Court HEREBY ORDERS that
Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment [#47] is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall enter a
judgment in favor of Allstate Insurance Company and against Defendant Annetta
Cantrell:
34
A. That the exclusions and coverage provisions contained in the Allstate
Commercial and General Liability Policy No. 048-777-304, and
Commercial Umbrella coverage Policy No. 048-777-289, including
special Funeral Director’s Liability coverage form, do not provide
coverage or require that Allstate indemnify Defendant Annetta
Cantrell, individually or as a representative/agent of Cantrell Funeral
Home, for the liability asserted against her in state court litigation and
administrative proceedings commenced by the State of Michigan
concerning the improper handling and disposition of human remains
discovered in the Cantrell Funeral Home by state investigators in 2018.
B. That since Allstate owes no coverage for the liability asserted against
Defendant Annetta Cantrell, it is relieved from providing a defense in
any suit tendered to Allstate on behalf of Annetta Cantrell, and
accordingly, Allstate is not obligated to pay attorney’s fees, costs,
and/or expenses, including payment of any judgment or settlement, in
connection with any of the litigation or administrative proceedings
commenced by the State of Michigan concerning the improper handling
and disposition of human remains discovered in the Cantrell Funeral
Home by state investigators in 2018.
35
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment
[#48] is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall enter a
declaratory judgment in favor of Plaintiff Allstate Insurance Company and against
Defendants Cantrell Funeral Home, Inc., Rec-Mac, Inc., f/k/a Cantrell Funeral
Home, Inc., Raymond E. Cantrell, II, and Raymond E. Cantrell Revocable Trust
Dated 5/15/84, As Amended:
A. That Allstate has no obligation to defend or indemnify Defendants in the
underlying state court litigation and administrative proceedings arising
from the Defendants’ alleged improper handling and disposition of human
remains when the claims asserted therein do not meet the requirements of
the Allstate insuring agreements;
B. That the claims arose out of conduct for which coverage is specifically
excluded under the Allstate policies; and
C. The claims accrued outside of the applicable Allstate policy periods
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated:
December 11, 2020
s/Gershwin A. Drain
HON. GERSHWIN A. DRAIN
United States District Court Judge
36
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
Copies of this Order were served upon attorneys of record on
December 11, 2020, by electronic and/or ordinary mail.
/s/ Teresa McGovern
Case Manager
37
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