Wallace v. Oakwood Hospital LTD Plan et al
Filing
69
OPINION and ORDER. (Plaintiff shall submit a judgment for the Court's signature by November 2, 2018). Signed by District Judge Linda V. Parker. (RLou)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
CHERYL L. WALLACE,
Plaintiff,
v.
Civil Case No. 16-10625
Honorable Linda V. Parker
BEAUMONT HEALTHCARE EMPLOYEE
WELFARE BENEFIT PLAN f/k/a
OAKWOOD HEALTHCARE, INC.
EMPLOYEE WELFARE BENEFIT PLAN,
HARTFORD LIFE AND ACCIDENT
INSURANCE COMPANY, and
RELIANCE STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE CO.,
Defendants.
_______________________________________/
OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Cheryl L. Wallace (“Plaintiff”) filed this lawsuit on February 19,
2016, seeking long term disability (“LTD”) benefits pursuant to the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). The Court dismissed
Plaintiff’s claims against all defendants except Reliance Standard Life Insurance
Company (“Reliance”) and entered summary judgment in favor of Plaintiff and
against Reliance on November 2, 2017. (ECF No. 50.) In the decision granting
summary judgment to Plaintiff, the Court rejected Reliance’s basis for denying
Plaintiff LTD coverage and found that the administrative record undisputedly
reflects that Plaintiff is totally disabled and entitled to LTD benefits under
Reliance’s plan. (Id.) At the close of the decision, the Court directed the parties to
meet and confer to determine whether they could agree on the amount owed to
Wallace for past due benefits, interest, and any amounts she was seeking under
ERISA, and to inform the Court as to whether an agreement had been reached on
or before November 27, 2017.
After several extensions of time, the parties were not able to reach an
agreement. Therefore, Plaintiff submitted a proposed judgment to the Court. (ECF
No. 53.) Reliance filed a brief objecting to the numbers proposed by Plaintiff
(ECF No. 55), resulting in subsequent response and reply briefs. (ECF Nos. 56,
58.) The Court then referred the matter to Magistrate Judge Anthony Patti, hoping
the parties could settle their disputes and close this matter. No settlement was
reached.
On July 5, 2018, Plaintiff filed a supplemental statement reflecting an
updated calculation of the past due LTD benefits owed to her and the additional
costs and expenses she incurred in the briefing for the award issue and in the
settlement proceedings. (ECF No. 64.) This spurred another round of briefing by
the parties. (ECF Nos. 66, 67.) It is well past time to close this case and award
Plaintiff the LTD benefits she is due.
First, the Court concludes that Plaintiff is entitled to LTD benefits calculated
on the basis of her annual salary, which the administrative record reflects was
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$66,830.40. (A.R. at 40, ECF No. 42-1 at Pg ID 768.) The LTD policy provides
that for Class 3 employees, like Plaintiff, the monthly LTD benefit will be “60% of
Covered Monthly Earnings ….” (Id. at 9, Pg ID 737.) “Covered Monthly
Earnings” are defined for Class 3 employees as “the Insured’s monthly salary
received from you on the first of the Policy month just before the date of Total
Disability ….” (Id. at 11, Pg ID 739.) However, the policy states that “[i]f an
employee is paid on an annual basis, then the Covered Monthly Earnings will be
determined by dividing the basic annual salary by 12.” (Id.)
Next, the Court rejects Reliance’s position that Plaintiff is entitled to LTD
benefits for only a twenty-four-month period. Reliance bases this argument on its
assertion that the Court only found Plaintiff totally disabled from her own
occupation. In its November 2, 2017 decision, the Court did in fact quote the
definition of “Total Disability” as used in the policy for purposes of the
Elimination Period and the first 24 months for which a benefit is payable—that is,
the definition based on the insured’s “regular occupation.” (ECF No. 50 at Pg ID
1236.) The Court did so, however, only in addressing when Plaintiff’s disability
began. (Id. at Pg ID 1235-36.) Nothing in the Court’s decision suggested that it
was limiting its discussion of Plaintiff’s entitlement to LTD benefits to that
definition. (See id. at Pg ID 1241-43.)
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Instead, the Court found that the administrative record undisputedly reflects
Plaintiff’s inability to work, period. As the Court noted, Plaintiff’s treating
physician, Michaele Oostendorp, D.O., indicated that Plaintiff is unable to work
due to her immunosuppressed state. (Id. at Pg ID 1242, citing A.R. at 122, ECF
No. 42-1 at Pg ID 850.) Dr. Oostendorp did not restrict this conclusion to
Plaintiff’s occupation, only. (A.R. at 122, ECF No. 42-1 at Pg ID 850.) Moreover,
a year after Plaintiff’s total disability began, Kristi Tesarz, the physician’s assistant
in Dr. Oostendorp’s office, reported that Plaintiff was unable to complete any
functions necessary to perform any type of work. (See id. at 160, Pg ID 888.) P.A.
Tesarz checked the longest period listed on the questionnaire (more than 16
months) for when Wallace was expected to achieve maximum medical
improvement, which was a period beyond the 24-month “own occupation” period.
(Id.) Further, although not determinative, it is significant that the Social Security
Administration has approved Plaintiff for social security disability benefits, which
requires a finding that Plaintiff is disabled from performing any jobs. Finally, the
Court has made clear that Reliance should not have a second bite at the proverbial
apple or a second opportunity to dig up evidence to support a new reason for
rejecting Plaintiff’s claim for LTD benefits. That is exactly what Reliance is
attempting to do by contending that the Court’s decision was limited to Plaintiff’s
entitlement to the first twenty-four months of benefits, only.
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As such, a calculation of Plaintiff’s past due benefits should not cease at
twenty-four months but should extend until the date of the judgment. Further, the
judgment should provide that Plaintiff is entitled to post-judgment LTD benefits in
accordance with the terms of the policy.
The question of whether to award Plaintiff pre-judgment interest on the past
due LTD benefits falls within the Court’s discretion, consistent with equitable
principles. See Caffey v. Unum Life Ins. Co., 302 F.3d 576, 585 (6th Cir. 2002)
(citing Ford v. Uniroyal Pension Plan, 154 F.3d 613, 616 (6th Cir. 1998)). The
Court finds that prejudgment interest is appropriate to compensate Plaintiff for the
wrongful deprivation of her monthly disability benefits since May 2013. With
respect to the method or rate for calculating pre-judgment interest, the Sixth Circuit
has held that a rate based upon the post-judgment interest rate in 28 U.S.C. § 1961
is appropriate. Id. at 585 n. 3 (citing Ford, 154 F.3d at 619). The Caffey Court
also found that a stream-of-benefits model to calculate that interest avoids
overcompensating a plaintiff for the delayed payment. Id. at 585-86. For the
reasons stated previously, Plaintiff’s entitlement to LTD benefits did not cease in
2015, and thus any calculation of interest should include the rates up to the date of
the judgment.
Plaintiff shall submit a judgment which calculates prejudgment interest
consistent with this decision. Post-judgment interest is mandated by statute, see 28
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U.S.C. § 1961, and thus the judgment also should include such interest. Plaintiff
further asks the Court to include an award of attorney’s fees and costs pursuant to
Section 502(g)(1) of ERISA. Plaintiff seeks an award of attorney’s fees totaling
$59,806.50 and costs totaling $3,861.76. (See ECF No. 64-2.)
Pursuant to ERISA, 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g), “the court in its discretion may
allow a reasonable attorney’s fee and costs of action to either party.” The party
seeking fees need not be a “‘prevailing party’ to be eligible for an attorney’s fee
award.” Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 560 U.S. 242, 252 (2010).
Rather, the party must simply have achieved “some success on the merits.” Id. at
256. “The punishment of bad faith litigants is a legitimate purpose under ERISA,
but not the only purpose.” Armistead v. Vernitron Corp., 944 F.2d 1287, 1304 (6th
Cir. 1991). When determining whether to award fees, the Sixth Circuit instructs
courts to consider the following factors:
(1) the degree of the opposing party’s culpability or bad faith; (2) the
opposing party’s ability to satisfy an award of attorney’s fees; (3) the
deterrent effect of an award on other persons under similar
circumstances; (4) whether the party requesting fees sought to confer
a common benefit on all participants and beneficiaries of an ERISA
plan or resolve significant legal questions regarding ERISA; and (5)
the relative merits of the parties’ positions.
Sec’y of Labor v. King, 775 F.2d 666, 669 (6th Cir. 1985). “The King factors are
not statutory … and need not be parsed as though they were[;] none of them is
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necessarily dispositive.” Foltice v. Guardsman Prods., 98 F.3d 933, 937 (6th Cir.
1996).
There is no dispute that Plaintiff achieved “some success on the merits.”
(See ECF No. 55 at Pg ID 1287.) What Reliance disputes is Plaintiff’s satisfaction
of the King factors and the reasonableness of the award sought. For the reasons
that follow, the Court finds that an analysis of the King factors warrants an award
to Plaintiff of her reasonable fees and costs. The Court further concludes that a
reasonable award includes most of the fees and costs sought.
Starting with the King factors, the Court finds that Reliance is culpable and
in fact acted in bad faith in denying Plaintiff’s application for LTD benefits and by
unnecessarily protracting this litigation—thereby delaying for a substantial length
of time Plaintiff’s receipt of the benefits to which she is due. Reliance first tried to
shift the responsibility for Plaintiff’s benefits to Hartford Life and Accident
Insurance Company and directed Plaintiff and her counsel on a lengthy process to
recover her benefits elsewhere. Reliance concealed the “Transfer in Insurance
Coverage” provision in its plan, which would have alerted Plaintiff and her counsel
to Reliance’s responsibility for her benefits. Reliance then filed a motion to
dismiss based on a meritless defense and, after that motion was rejected, defended
its denial decision based on an unreasonable interpretation of the insurance policy.
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The second King factor—ability to pay a fee award—is considered “more
for exclusionary than for inclusionary purposes.” Warner v. DSM Pharma Chems.
N.A., Inc., 452 F. App’x 677, 682 (6th Cir. 2011). In any event, it is undisputed
that Reliance has the financial ability to satisfy a fee award. (See ECF No. 58 at Pg
ID 1437.)
The failure to award Plaintiff her attorneys’ fees and costs may deter other
unsuccessful ERISA welfare benefit applicants from pursuing their rights under the
statute due to the expense of such litigation. On the other hand, awarding Plaintiff
her attorney’s fees and costs may discourage other plan administrators from
denying benefits based on reasons unsupported by the facts or plan language and
from engaging in conduct to prolong litigation and the payment of those benefits.
See Gaeth v. Hartford Life Ins. Co., 538 F.3d 524, 531 (6th Cir. 2008). Thus, the
third King factor favors an award.
The fourth King factor does not weigh in favor of an award, as Plaintiff
sought to vindicate only her rights and the case did not resolve any significant legal
questions regarding ERISA. Nevertheless, as indicated above, no King factor is
dispositive and not all need to be satisfied to warrant an award.
Finally, Plaintiff prevailed on the dispositive issue in this case and the Court
believes that Reliance’s rationale for denying her LTD benefits had little merit.
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A review of the King factors leads the Court to conclude that awarding
Plaintiff costs and attorney’s fees is an appropriate exercise of its discretion.
Nevertheless, as indicated, Reliance also contends that the fees Plaintiff seeks are
unreasonable.
“Reasonableness” is the guiding standard for an attorney’s fee award. See
Reed v. Rhodes, 179 F.3d 453, 471 (6th Cir. 1999) (citing Blum v. Stevenson, 465
U.S. 886, 893 (1984)). “A reasonable fee is ‘one that is adequate to compensate
counsel, but does not produce windfalls to attorneys.’” Id. (brackets, ellipsis, and
additional citations removed) (quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 897). The lodestar
method is the proper approach for determining the reasonableness of attorney’s
fees. Bldg. Serv. Local 47 Cleaning Contractors Pension Plan v. Grandview
Raceway, 46 F.3d 1392, 1401 (6th Cir. 1995). Under this method, the court
multiplies the reasonable number of hours billed by a reasonable billing rate.
A reasonable billing rate is calculated using the “prevailing market rate in
the relevant community.” Blum, 465 U.S. at 895; see also Adcock-Ladd v. Sec’y of
Treasury, 227 F.3d 343, 350 (6th Cir. 2000). This is the rate at which “lawyers of
comparable skill and experience can expect to command within the venue of the
court of record.” Adcock-Ladd, 227 F.3d at 350. Courts can rely on state bar
surveys and rates from cases as “evidence of a market rate ….” B & G Mining,
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Inc. v. Dir., Office of Workers’ Comp. Programs, 522 F.3d 657, 664 (6th Cir.
2008) (citing cases).
Plaintiff calculates her attorney’s fees based on an hourly rate of $395.00 for
attorney John Conway and $125 for legal assistants William Savage and Trever
Sims. Mr. Conway is a sole practitioner, who has been in practice for 19 years.
(See ECF No. 53-3 at Pg ID 1261.) The State Bar of Michigan’s 2017 Economics
of Law Practice in Michigan survey reflects that for solo practitioners working in
an office outside the home, the 75th percentile hourly rate is $295 and the 95th
percentile hourly rate is $375.
https://www.michbar.org/file/pmrc/articles/0000154.pdf. For attorneys with
between 16 and 36 years of experience, the 75th percentile hourly rate is $325 and
the 95th percentile is $475. Id. For attorneys specializing in employment law, the
hourly rates in those same percentiles are $380 and $485, respectively. (Id.) These
figures reflect that Mr. Conway’s hourly rate is reasonable. Recent fee awards in
ERISA actions within this district have approved $125 per hour rates for law clerks
and paralegals. See Leonhardt v. ArvinMeritor, Inc., No. 04-72845, 2008 WL
11399537, at *2 (E.D. Mich. Oct. 10, 2008) (citing cases). Thus, the Court finds
the rates charged for Mr. Savage and Mr. Sims to also be reasonable.
Reliance initially asserts two objections to the hours billed. First, Reliance
claims that Plaintiff includes numerous entries for work performed relative to other
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defendants in the case. (See ECF No. 55 at Pg ID 1290.) The billing records
submitted by Plaintiff’s counsel reflect, however, that counsel did not charge for
any of the entries Reliance identifies, except the following: (1) 2.5 hours expended
to review the administrative record on January 28 and February 4 and 5, 2016, and
(2) .2 hours for tasks on February 28, 2017. (See ECF No. 63.) Plaintiff has not
responded to Reliance’s objections regarding those 2.7 hours of billing, and thus
has not set forth a reason why the hours should be included in the fee award. The
Court therefore is deducting from the award the 2.7 hours billed at Mr. Conway’s
rate, or $1,066.50.
Second, Reliance argues that Plaintiff’s counsel engaged in impermissible
block billing and encourages the Court to therefore reduce the fees requested by
30%. Block billing is not impermissible, however, provided the description of the
work is adequate. Smith v. Serv. Master Corp., 592 F. App’x 363, 371 (6th Cir.
2014) (citing Pittsburgh & Conneaut Dock Co. v. Dir., Office of Workers’ Comp.
Programs, 472 F.3d 253, 273 (6th Cir. 2007)). Plaintiff’s counsel has provided
sufficient detail regarding the individual tasks performed in the block billing
entries for the Court to assess the reasonableness of those tasks. The Court
therefore declines Reliance’s request to reduce the fee award due to block billing.
Reliance raises additional challenges to the hours Plaintiff’s counsel billed in
preparing the judgment submitted after the failed settlement negotiations before
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Magistrate Judge Patti and in responding to Reliance’s objections to her revised
numbers. (See ECF No. 66.) Specifically, Reliance argues that the requested fees
are redundant, excessive, and duplicative. The Court does not agree. Only one
law clerk and one attorney worked on the matters identified by Reliance—staffing
that is not excessive. Further, it is not provident for a court to attempt to judge or
dictate the method or approach for attorneys to draft or edit their filings.
Having reviewed the billing records submitted by Plaintiff’s counsel, the
Court finds the hours expended in this litigation to be reasonable (aside from those
discussed above). The Court therefore concludes that Plaintiff is entitled to an
award of $58,740.00 in attorney’s fees and $3,861.76 in costs.
Plaintiff shall prepare a judgment consistent with this Opinion and Order and
submit it to Reliance for comment regarding the pre-judgment interest calculation
only. Within fourteen (14) days of this Opinion and Order, Plaintiff shall
submit (i.e., not file on the docket) a judgment for the Court’s signature. To the
extent Reliance disagrees with Plaintiff’s pre-judgment interest calculation and
Plaintiff does not accept Reliance’s alternative calculation, the parties shall submit
their calculations to the Court by the same deadline.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/ Linda V. Parker
LINDA V. PARKER
U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE
Dated: October 19, 2018
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I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document was mailed to counsel of
record and/or pro se parties on this date, October 19, 2018, by electronic and/or
U.S. First Class mail.
s/ R. Loury
Case Manager
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