Blackwell v. Commissioner of Social Security

Filing 17

OPINION; Judgment to issue; signed by Judge Janet T. Neff (Judge Janet T. Neff, clb)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION

DEBRA S. BLACKWELL,
Plaintiff,

Case No. 1:16-cv-592

v.
HON. JANET T. NEFF
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL
SECURITY,
Defendant,
/
OPINION
This is a social security action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) seeking judicial
review of a final decision by the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration
(Commissioner). Plaintiff seeks review of the Commissioner’s decision denying her claim for
disability insurance benefits (DIB) and supplemental security income (SSI) under Titles II and XVI
of the Social Security Act. Section 405(g) limits the Court to a review of the administrative record,
and provides that if the Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, it shall be
conclusive.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The scope of judicial review in a social security case is limited to determining
whether the Commissioner applied the proper legal standards in making her decision and whether
there exists in the record substantial evidence supporting that decision. See Brainard v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 889 F.2d 679, 681 (6th Cir. 1989). The Court may not conduct a de novo
review of the case, resolve evidentiary conflicts, or decide questions of credibility. See Garner v.

Heckler, 745 F.2d 383, 387 (6th Cir. 1984). It is the Commissioner who is charged with finding the
facts relevant to an application for disability benefits, and her findings are conclusive provided they
are supported by substantial evidence. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla, but less than a preponderance. See
Cohen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 964 F.2d 524, 528 (6th Cir. 1992) (citations omitted).
It is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.
See Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971); Bogle v. Sullivan, 998 F.2d 342, 347 (6th Cir.
1993). In determining the substantiality of the evidence, the Court must consider the evidence on
the record as a whole and take into account whatever in the record fairly detracts from its weight.
See Richardson v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 735 F.2d 962, 963 (6th Cir. 1984). The
substantial evidence standard presupposes the existence of a zone within which the decision maker
can properly rule either way, without judicial interference. See Mullen v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 535, 545
(6th Cir. 1986) (citation omitted). This standard affords to the administrative decision maker
considerable latitude, and indicates that a decision supported by substantial evidence will not be
reversed simply because the evidence would have supported a contrary decision. See Bogle, 998
F.2d at 347; Mullen, 800 F.2d at 545.
PROCEDURAL POSTURE
Plaintiff was fifty-two years of age on the date of the Administrative Law Judge’s
(ALJ) decision. (PageID.53, 162, 177.) She has completed high school, and attended one year of
college. (PageID.88.) Plaintiff has also previously worked as a data entry clerk. (PageID.125.) In
addition to the application presently before this Court, Plaintiff has applied for DIB and SSI on a
number of other occasions, including July 2008, January and February 2009, and January 2010, all

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of which resulted in unfavorable decisions and were not pursued beyond the administrative level.
In the last application, ALJ Donna Grit issued her unfavorable decision on November 10, 2011. The
Appeals Council declined review on May 22, 2013. (PageID.56.)
Plaintiff filed the instant application only a few weeks later, on June 18, 2013,
alleging disability beginning November 11, 2011,1 due to diabetes, COPD, anxiety, depression,
arthritis, chronic pain on left arm, cervical spine fusion surgery, and carpal tunnel syndrome in the
right upper extremity. (PageID.162–163, 177–178, 268–279.) Plaintiff’s applications were denied
on October 10, 2013, after which time she requested a hearing before an ALJ. (PageID.198–223.)
Shortly before the hearing, on November 4, 2014, Plaintiff amended her alleged onset date to
October 1, 2012. (PageID.297.) On November 6, 2014, Plaintiff appeared with her counsel before
ALJ Michael S. Condon for an administrative hearing with testimony being offered by Plaintiff and
a vocational expert (VE). (PageID.83–136.) In a written decision dated January 13, 2015, the ALJ
determined that Plaintiff was not disabled. (PageID.53–81.) On March 25, 2016, the Appeals
Council declined to review the ALJ’s decision, making it the Commissioner’s final decision in the
matter. (PageID.25–29.)
ALJ’S DECISION
The social security regulations articulate a five-step sequential process for evaluating
disability. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a-f), 416.920(a-f).2 If the Commissioner can make a
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Administrative res judicata arising from the 2011 decision barred any onset of disability date before that
decision. See Casey v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 987 F.2d 1230, 1232 (6th Cir. 1993).
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1.

An individual who is working and engaging in substantial gainful activity will not be found to be
“disabled” regardless of medical findings (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(b), 416.920(b));

2.

An individual who does not have a “severe impairment” will not be found “disabled” (20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520(c), 416.920(c));

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dispositive finding at any point in the review, no further finding is required. See 20 C.F.R. §§
404.1520(a), 416.920(a).

The regulations also provide that if a claimant suffers from a

nonexertional impairment as well as an exertional impairment, both are considered in determining
the claimant’s residual functional capacity (RFC). See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545, 416.945.
Plaintiff has the burden of proving the existence and severity of limitations caused
by her impairments and that she is precluded from performing past relevant work through step four.
Jones v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 336 F.3d 469, 474 (6th Cir. 2003). At step five, it is the
Commissioner’s burden “to identify a significant number of jobs in the economy that accommodate
the claimant’s residual functional capacity (determined at step four) and vocational profile.” Id.
ALJ Condon determined that Plaintiff’s claim failed at the fifth step of the evaluation.
At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since her
amended alleged onset date. (PageiD.59.) At step two, the ALJ determined Plaintiff had the severe
impairments of: (1) asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); (2) type I diabetes
mellitus with peripheral neuropathy; (3) bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, s/p right carpal tunnel
release; (4) s/p left wrist infection with surgeries; (5) adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and
depressed mood; (6) history of anxiety and depression; and (7) history of alcohol abuse/dependence.
The ALJ further found Plaintiff had a number of non-severe impairments. (PageID.59–62.) At the

3.

If an individual is not working and is suffering from a severe impairment which meets the duration
requirement and which “meets or equals” a listed impairment in Appendix 1 of Subpart P of
Regulations No. 4, a finding of “disabled” will be made without consideration of vocational factors
(20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(d), 416.920(d));

4.

If an individual is capable of performing work he or she has done in the past, a finding of “not
disabled” must be made (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(e), 416.920(e));

5.

If an individual’s impairment is so severe as to preclude the performance of past work, other factors
including age, education, past work experience, and residual functional capacity must be considered
to determine if other work can be performed. (20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(f), 416.920(f)).

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third step, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments
that met or equaled the requirements of the Listing of Impairments. (PageID.62–64.) At the fourth
step, the ALJ determined Plaintiff retained the RFC based on all the impairments:
to perform less than a full range of light work as defined in 20 CFR
404.1567(b) and 416.967(b). She could lift and carry 20 pounds
occasionally and 10 pounds frequently; and in an 8-hour workday
with normal breaks, she could stand and walk for a total of about 6
hours and could sit for a total of about 6 hours. She could do no
constant pushing or pulling with the upper extremities; could not
climb ladders, ropes or scaffolds; could frequently climb ramps and
stairs; could frequently balance, stoop, kneel, crouch and crawl; could
frequently reach, handle, finger and feel; should not operate leg or
foot controls with either lower extremity; should have no more than
occasional exposure to temperature extremes, wetness, vibration,
fumes, odors, dusts, gases, and poorly ventilated areas; and should
have no more than occasional exposure to hazards, including working
at unprotected heights and around dangerous moving machinery. She
would be limited to doing unskilled work and work that could be
learned in 30 days or less based on education and on other mental
limitations.
(PageID.64–65.) Continuing with the fourth step, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was unable to perform
any of her past relevant work. (PageID.73.) At the fifth step, the ALJ questioned the VE to
determine whether a significant number of jobs exist in the economy that Plaintiff could perform
given her limitations. See Richardson, 735 F.2d at 964. The VE testified that Plaintiff could
perform other work as a cleaner / housekeeper (9,000 regional positions), inspector / packager (8,000
regional positions), and as an assembler / press operator (7,000 regional positions).
(PageID.126–127.) Based on this record, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was capable of making a
successful adjustment to work that exists in significant numbers in the national economy.
(PageID.74.)

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Accordingly, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not disabled from October 1, 2012,
the amended alleged disability onset date, through January 13, 2015, the date of decision.
(PageID.74–75.)
DISCUSSION
1.

The ALJ’s Evaluation of Dr. Gary Humphries’ Opinions.

In support of her application for benefits, Plaintiff submitted several statements to
the Commissioner from Dr. Gary Humphries, M.D., her treating physician. The ALJ summarized
several of these opinions in his evidence discussion but he did not, at that point, assign them any
weight or express reasons for doubting the conclusions contained therein. After this evidence
summary, the ALJ turned to a specific discussion of the medical opinions. There, the ALJ discussed
Dr. Humphries’ opinions as follows:
However, we also have the opinion of Dr. Humphries, the claimant’s
treating physician, in Exhibits B3F, B4F p. 2, and B13F, that
concludes the claimant is disabled. In Exhibit B3F, he notes poor
concentration, but the mental health professionals at Arbor Circle
repeatedly show thought processes within normal limits (Exhibit
B21F pp. 7, 18). Dr. Humphries also notes her ongoing alcohol
abuse (Exhibit B4F). Although he notes that carpal tunnel syndrome
is noted to be mild, yet he also notes that she cannot work
presumably due to mild carpal tunnel syndrome and neuropathy. The
claimant did not appear to find those issues to be that limiting,
although she did complain about the carpal tunnel syndrome. It is
interesting to note that, in his June 2013 physical capacities
assessment, Dr. Humphries believed the claimant able to frequently
stand, walk, lift up to 50 pounds, bend and stoop (Exhibit B13F);
however, the undersigned believes that to be a mistake on his part.
He probably meant she could do none of those things except sit
occasionally; therefore, this assessment really does not have much
value. It was given as hypothetical number 4, but that hypothetical
frankly does not make much sense based on Exhibit B13F.
Therefore, it is given greatly reduced weight.
...
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Sections 404.1527 and 416.927 of the Regulations set forth the Social
Security Administration’s position on the weight to be accorded to
the opinions of medical sources, including their conclusions of
disability and imposed limitations. Generally, the opinion of a
treating physician is entitled to controlling weight if such opinion is
supported by objective medical findings, and is consistent with the
other material evidence of record (SSR 96-2p). However, the
undersigned does not find Dr. Humphries’ findings of disability to be
supported by his own records and the majority of the medical
evidence of record.
(PageID.72–73.) Plaintiff claims that the ALJ’s discussion of these statements violates the treating
physician rule. The Court agrees.
By way of background, the treating physician doctrine recognizes that medical
professionals who have a long history of caring for a claimant and her maladies generally possess
significant insight into her medical condition. See Barker v. Shalala, 40 F.3d 789, 794 (6th Cir.
1994). An ALJ must, therefore, give controlling weight to the opinion of a treating source if: (1)
the opinion is “well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic
techniques” and (2) the opinion “is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in the case
record.” Gayheart v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 710 F.3d 365, 375–76 (6th Cir. 2013) (quoting 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1527).
Such deference is appropriate, however, only where the particular opinion “is based
upon sufficient medical data.” Miller v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 1991 WL 229979, at *2
(6th Cir. Nov. 7, 1991) (citing Shavers v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 839 F.2d 232, 235 n.1
(6th Cir. 1987)). The ALJ may reject the opinion of a treating physician where it is unsupported by
the medical record, merely states a conclusion, or is contradicted by substantial medical evidence.

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See Cohen, 964 F.2d at 528; Miller, 1991 WL 229979 at *2 (citing Shavers, 839 F.2d at 235 n.1);
Cutlip v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 25 F.3d 284, 286–87 (6th Cir. 1994).
If an ALJ accords less than controlling weight to a treating source’s opinion, the ALJ
must “give good reasons” for doing so. Gayheart, 710 F.3d at 376. Such reasons must be
“supported by the evidence in the case record, and must be sufficiently specific to make clear to any
subsequent reviewers the weight the adjudicator gave to the treating source’s medical opinion and
the reasons for that weight.” Id. This requirement “ensures that the ALJ applies the treating
physician rule and permits meaningful review of the ALJ’s application of the rule.” Id. (quoting
Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 544 (6th Cir. 2004)). Simply stating that the
physician’s opinions “are not well-supported by any objective findings and are inconsistent with
other credible evidence” is, without more, too “ambiguous” to permit meaningful review of the
ALJ’s assessment. Id. at 376–77.
If the ALJ affords less than controlling weight to a treating physician’s opinion, the
ALJ must still determine the weight to be afforded such. Id. at 376. In doing so, the ALJ must
consider the following factors: (1) length of the treatment relationship and frequency of the
examination, (2) nature and extent of the treatment relationship, (3) supportability of the opinion,
(4) consistency of the opinion with the record as a whole, (5) the specialization of the treating
source, and (6) other relevant factors. Id. (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527). While the ALJ is not
required to explicitly discuss each of these factors, the record must nevertheless reflect that the ALJ
considered those factors relevant to his assessment. See, e.g., Oldham v. Astrue, 509 F.3d 1254, 1258
(10th Cir. 2007); Undheim v. Barnhart, 214 F. App’x 448, 450 (5th Cir. Jan. 19, 2007).

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The ALJ’s discussion of Dr. Humphries’ opinions contains several errors and
omissions. First of all, while it is true the ALJ may have addressed all of Dr. Humphries’ opinions,
the excerpt quoted above shows the ALJ only gave a specific weight to the June 20, 2013, opinion,
leaving it unclear what consideration he gave the remaining opinions. For example, while the ALJ
addressed Dr. Humphries opinions’ dated October 10 and 11, 2014, earlier in his summary of the
medical evidence, he does not appear to have given it any further consideration later in his opinion
discussion. Clearly the ALJ did not adopt these opinions, as they contain limitations much greater
than those accounted for in the RFC.

Moreover, these are not opinions, reserved to the

Commissioner, stating that Plaintiff is disabled. These opinions are much more than that. Among
other things, the doctor indicated Plaintiff would be off task for over thirty percent of the day, could
only rarely lift only ten pounds, and never perform gross and fine manipulation. (PageID.609.) The
ALJ, however, did not provide good reasons for not adopting these restrictions.
Furthermore, it does not appear that Dr. Humphries authored the opinion contained
in Exhibit B4F. The index to the administrative record lists this document as originating from the
Heartside Clinic, a practice different from Dr. Humphries’ practice at the Grand Valley Medical
Specialists. (PageID.22.) But even assuming Dr. Humphries’ did author the opinion, such would
still not alleviate the issues here. The ALJ references the opinion as one which notes Plaintiff’s
ongoing alcohol abuse. But this exhibit appears to be silent regarding Plaintiff’s alcohol abuse.
(PageID.436–439.) Finally, while it is true that Exhibit B4F notes that Plaintiff has mild carpal
tunnel syndrome (PageID.436), the ALJ provides no support for his assertion Plaintiff did not find
this condition to be that limiting. To the contrary, Plaintiff listed carpal tunnel syndrome as the first
problem at the administrative hearing. (PageID.90.) She testified she needed to use both hands to

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carry a gallon of milk. (PageID.91.) After three to four hours of her data entry work, she further
testified that her hands would “lock up” and would be “shot” when she arrived home. (PageID.90.)
In sum, the Court finds the ALJ failed to articulate good reasons, supported by
substantial evidence, for assigning less than controlling weight to Dr. Humphries’ opinions.
Because the vocational expert’s testimony was premised upon a faulty RFC determination, the
ALJ’s reliance theron does not constitute substantial evidence. See Cline v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
96 F.3d 146, 150 (6th Cir. 1996) (noting that while the ALJ may rely upon responses to hypothetical
questions posed to a vocational expert, such questions must accurately portray the claimant’s
impairments). The Commissioner’s attempt to provide reasons in support of the ALJ’s decision is
precisely the type of analysis the ALJ should have undertaken in the first place. Accordingly, this
matter will be reversed and remanded to the Commissioner for further evaluation, including a
reassessment of Dr. Humphries’ opinions.
2.

The ALJ’s Step 2 Evaluation.

Finally, Plaintiff claims that the ALJ should have found her neck and back pain to
constitute severe impairments at step two of the sequential analysis. (PageID.1002.) She claims the
ALJ ignored evidence that would lead to a conclusion that these were severe impairments.
At step two of the sequential disability analysis, the ALJ must determine whether the
claimant suffers from a severe impairment. The Sixth Circuit has held that where the ALJ finds the
presence of a severe impairment at step two and proceeds to continue through the remaining steps
of the analysis, the alleged failure to identify as severe some other impairment constitutes harmless
error so long as the ALJ considered the entire medical record in rendering his decision. See Maziarz
v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 837 F.2d 240, 244 (6th Cir. 1987); Kirkland v. Comm’r of Soc.

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Sec., 528 F. App'x 425, 427 (6th Cir. 2013) (“so long as the ALJ considers all the individual's
impairments, the failure to find additional severe impairments . . . does not constitute reversible
error”).
A review of the ALJ’s decision reveals that he considered the entire record when
assessing Plaintiff’s claim. Furthermore, even if it is assumed that these conditions are severe
impairments, Plaintiff has not shown how these impose on Plaintiff limitations greater than those
recognized by the ALJ in his RFC determination. Accordingly, this claim of error is rejected.
3.

Remand is Appropriate.

Plaintiff asks for an award of benefits. (PageID.1004.) While the Court finds that
the ALJ’s decision fails to comply with the relevant legal standards, Plaintiff can be awarded
benefits only if “all essential factual issues have been resolved” and “the record adequately
establishes [her] entitlement to benefits.” Faucher v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 17 F.3d 171,
176 (6th Cir. 1994); see also Brooks v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 531 F. App’x 636, 644 (6th Cir. 2013).
This latter requirement is satisfied “where the proof of disability is overwhelming or where proof
of disability is strong and evidence to the contrary is lacking.” Faucher, 17 F.3d at 176; see also
Brooks, 531 F. App’x at 644. Evaluation of Plaintiff’s claim requires the resolution of certain
factual disputes which this Court is neither competent nor authorized to undertake in the first
instance.

Moreover, there does not exist compelling evidence that Plaintiff is disabled.

Accordingly, this matter must be remanded for further administrative action.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons articulated herein, the Court concludes that the ALJ’s decision is not
supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, the Commissioner’s decision is VACATED and

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the matter REMANDED for further factual findings including, but not necessarily limited to, further
evaluation of Dr. Humphries’ opinions, pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
A separate judgment shall issue.

Dated: May 8, 2017

/s/ Janet T. Neff
JANET T. NEFF
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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