Holbrook #767925 v. Pols et al

Filing 5

OPINION ; signed by Chief Judge Robert J. Jonker (Chief Judge Robert J. Jonker, ymc)

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION

CHARLES JUDSON HOLBROOK,
Plaintiff,

Case No. 1:17-cv-707

v.

Honorable Robert J. Jonker

TIM POLS et al.,
Defendants.
____________________________________/
OPINION DENYING LEAVE
TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS - THREE STRIKES
Plaintiff Charles Judson Holbrook, a prisoner incarcerated at St. Louis Correctional
Facility, filed a complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff seeks leave to proceed in forma
pauperis. Because Plaintiff has filed at least three lawsuits that were dismissed as frivolous,
malicious or for failure to state a claim, he is barred from proceeding in forma pauperis under 28
U.S.C. § 1915(g). The Court will order Plaintiff to pay the $400.00 civil action filing fee applicable
to those not permitted to proceed in forma pauperis. This fee must be paid within twenty-eight (28)
days of this opinion and accompanying order. If Plaintiff fails to pay the fee, the Court will order
that this case be dismissed without prejudice. Even if the case is dismissed, Plaintiff must pay the
$400.00 filing fee in accordance with In re Alea, 286 F.3d 378, 380-81 (6th Cir. 2002).
Discussion
The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA), Pub. L. No. 104-134, 110 Stat. 1321
(1996), which was enacted on April 26, 1996, amended the procedural rules governing a prisoner’s

request for the privilege of proceeding in forma pauperis. As the Sixth Circuit has stated, the PLRA
was “aimed at the skyrocketing numbers of claims filed by prisoners – many of which are meritless –
and the corresponding burden those filings have placed on the federal courts.” Hampton v. Hobbs,
106 F.3d 1281, 1286 (6th Cir. 1997). For that reason, Congress created economic incentives to
prompt a prisoner to “stop and think” before filing a complaint. Id. For example, a prisoner is liable
for the civil action filing fee, and if the prisoner qualifies to proceed in forma pauperis, the prisoner
may pay the fee through partial payments as outlined in 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b). The constitutionality
of the fee requirements of the PLRA has been upheld by the Sixth Circuit. Id. at 1288.
In addition, another provision reinforces the “stop and think” aspect of the PLRA by
preventing a prisoner from proceeding in forma pauperis when the prisoner repeatedly files meritless
lawsuits. Known as the “three-strikes” rule, the provision states:
In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or appeal a judgment
in a civil action or proceeding under [the section governing proceedings in forma pauperis] if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior
occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an
action or appeal in a court of the United States that was dismissed on
the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim
upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under
imminent danger of serious physical injury.
28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). The statutory restriction “[i]n no event,” found in § 1915(g), is express and
unequivocal. The statute does allow an exception for a prisoner who is “under imminent danger of
serious physical injury.” The Sixth Circuit has upheld the constitutionality of the three-strikes rule
against arguments that it violates equal protection, the right of access to the courts, and due process,
and that it constitutes a bill of attainder and is ex post facto legislation. Wilson v. Yaklich, 148 F.3d
596, 604-06 (6th Cir. 1998); accord Pointer v. Wilkinson, 502 F.3d 369, 377 (6th Cir. 2007) (citing

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Wilson, 148 F.3d at 604-06); Rodriguez v. Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1178-82 (9th Cir. 1999); Rivera v.
Allin, 144 F.3d 719, 723-26 (11th Cir. 1998); Carson v. Johnson, 112 F.3d 818, 821-22 (5th Cir.
1997).
Plaintiff has been an active litigant in the federal courts in Michigan. In more than
three of Plaintiff’s lawsuits, the Court entered dismissals on the grounds that the cases were
frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim. See Holbrook v. Pols et al., No. 1:16-cv-1151 (W.D.
Mich. Dec. 21, 2016); Holbrooks v. Johnston, No. 1:16-cv-829 (W.D. Mich. Oct. 27, 2016);
Holbrook v. Haehnel et al., No. 2:16-cv-19 (W.D. Mich. Mar. 24, 2016); Holbrook v. Pols et al.,
No. 2:15-cv-170 (W.D. Mich. Feb. 9, 2016). Moreover, Plaintiff’s allegations do not fall within the
exception to the three-strikes rule because Plaintiff does not allege facts showing that he is in
imminent danger of serious physical injury. In fact, Plaintiff raises a claim about an alleged illegal
search that occurred in 2009, the same claim he raised on six prior occasions. See Holbrook v. Pols
et al., No. 1:17-cv-292 (W.D. Mich. May 18, 2017); Holbrook b. Pols et al., No. 2:16-cv-237 (W.D.
Mich. Jan. 30, 2017); Holbrook v. Pols et al., No. 1:16-cv-1151 (W.D. Mich. Dec. 21, 2016);
Holbrook v. Pols et al., No. 2:16-cv-118 (W.D. Mich. June 24, 2016); Holbrook v. Pols et al.,
No. 2:16-cv-78 (W.D. Mich. May 31, 2016); Holbrook v. Pols et al., No. 2:15-cv-170 (W.D. Mich.
Feb. 9, 2016). As Plaintiff previously was informed, a prisoner’s assertion that he faced danger in
the past is insufficient to meet the imminent-danger exception to § 1915(g). Rittner v. Kinder, 290
F. App’x 796, 797-98 (6th Cir. 2008). In addition, as the Court discussed in its opinion and
judgment dismissing the complaint in Case No. 2:15-cv-170, Plaintiff’s allegations fail to state a
claim because they are long since barred by the statute of limitations. (No. 2:15-cv-170, ECF No.
9, PageID.19-20.) As the Court also previously advised Plaintiff, his continuing attempts to obtain
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a different result on a claim already decided against him are frivolous. (No. 1:16-cv-1151, ECF No.
20, PageID.1151.)
Therefore, § 1915(g) prohibits Plaintiff from proceeding in forma pauperis in this
frivolous action. Plaintiff has twenty-eight (28) days from the date of entry of this order to pay the
entire civil action filing fee, which is $400.00. When Plaintiff pays his filing fee, the Court will
screen his complaint as required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915A and 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(c). If Plaintiff does
not pay the filing fee within the 28-day period, this case will be dismissed without prejudice, but
Plaintiff will continue to be responsible for payment of the $400.00 filing fee.

Dated:

September 1, 2017

/s/ Robert J. Jonker
ROBERT J. JONKER
CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

SEND REMITTANCES TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
Clerk, U.S. District Court
399 Federal Building
110 Michigan Street, NW
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
All checks or other forms of payment shall be payable to “Clerk, U.S. District Court.”

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