Murrin v. Hanson et al

Filing 23

ORDER Reversing and remanding to the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Minnesota and dismissing 22 Motion to Strike Pleading. (Written Opinion). Signed by Judge Joan N. Ericksen on August 20, 2012. (slf)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA

In re:
John Owen Murrin, III,

Bankruptcy No. 09-38182

Debtor.

John O. Murrin, III,
Appellant,
v.

Civil No. 12-987 (JNE)
ORDER

Terri Hanson, Colleen Turgeon, Glen
Smogoleski, Toni Klatt, Peder K.
Davisson, Dennis L. Desender,
Davisson & Associates, P.A., and
Edina Realty, Inc.,
Appellees,
and
Randall L. Seaver,
Trustee/Appellee.

John Murrin appeals three final orders of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the
District of Minnesota. Trustee Randall Seaver opposes the appeal separately, and the other
Appellees join together in opposition. For the reasons set forth below, the Court affirms the
orders denying relief from the bankruptcy stay, and reverses and remands the decision of the
bankruptcy court that granted Chapter 7 bankruptcy relief.

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I.

BACKGROUND

In August 2004, John Murrin and his wife, Devonna Murrin, invested $600,000 in
Avidigm Capital Group, Inc. in exchange for a promissory note. Avidigm was a vehicle for real
estate speculation dealing in distressed properties. Avidigm ceased operations and the Murrins
brought suit in Hennepin County District Court against Avidigm and 45 other named defendants.
The Murrins reached settlement agreements with several of the defendants totaling $707,000—
an amount greater than their initial investment in Avidigm. They continued to pursue their suits
against the remaining defendants. John Murrin represented himself in these lawsuits, and
DeVonna Murrin was represented by an attorney, Christopher LaNave. Among the remaining
defendants were the Appellees for the bankruptcy appeal now before the Court.
The remaining defendants in the state court litigation had only tangential connections to
Avidigm or were employed in a clerical capacity by the company. Ultimately, the Hennepin
County District Court terminated the Murrins’ lawsuit as to all the remaining defendants in a
June 13, 2008 order that was adverse to the Murrins. The Murrins unsuccessfully appealed, and
the Minnesota Court of Appeals later granted costs and disbursements to the appellees and
against the Murrins.
After the dispositive rulings of the state trial court, several of the defendants made
motions for imposition of sanctions on the Murrins and LaNave. The trial court granted these
motions. In an order dated December 8, 2008, the trial court awarded attorney fees and costs to
each movant and entered judgment jointly and severally against the Murrins and LaNave for a
total of $432,966.38 in attorney fees and $32,484.86 in costs and disbursements. LaNave settled
with the defendants for an undisclosed amount. Later, the Murrins were adjudicated in contempt
in connection with the post-judgment collection of the sanctions judgment. The Murrins

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appealed the contempt adjudications as well as the awards of fees and costs. These issues were
consolidated on appeal to the Minnesota Court of Appeals.
While that appeal was pending, four of the awardees of attorney fees and costs joined
together (several other state court defendants joined later) and filed involuntary bankruptcy
petitions against the Murrins under 11 U.S.C. § 303. The bankruptcy court questioned the filing
of involuntary bankruptcy while the Murrins’ appeal was pending in state court. The petitioners
explained that an investigation revealed that John Murrin transferred $385,000 to his 83-year-old
mother in late 2008. The petitioners argued that the involuntary petition could not be delayed
without risking further asset transfers to insiders. The Murrins responded with a motion to
dismiss the involuntary bankruptcy petition. At a hearing on the Murrins’ motion, the parties
stipulated to a grant of relief from the automatic bankruptcy stay to allow the proceedings in the
Minnesota Court of Appeals to go forward. The parties agreed to delay the bankruptcy
proceedings until the Minnesota Court of Appeals ruled on the Murrins’ appeal.
The Minnesota Court of Appeals affirmed the Hennepin County District Court as to the
imposition of sanctions and findings of contempt as to John Murrin but reversed as to DeVonna
Murrin. Murrin v. Mosher, Nos. A09-314, A09-315, A09-816, A09-1400, 2010 WL 1029306
(Minn. Ct. App. Mar. 23, 2010), rev. denied (Aug. 10, 2010). The Minnesota Supreme Court
denied a petition for review. The bankruptcy court combined the proceedings on the Murrins’
motion to dismiss with the proceedings on the involuntary bankruptcy petition itself. The
bankruptcy court conducted an evidentiary hearing and issued an order dated January 4, 2012
resolving the three issues raised by the Murrins. First, the bankruptcy court determined that the
petitioning creditors had standing to seek bankruptcy relief under 11 U.S.C. § 303(b)(1) (2006).
Second, it found that the Murrins were generally not paying their debts, which established a basis

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for Chapter 7 bankruptcy relief under 11 U.S.C. § 303(h)(1). Third, the bankruptcy court
concluded that venue was proper in Minnesota under 28 U.S.C. § 1408.
John Murrin now appeals all aspects of the bankruptcy court’s January 4, 2012 order as
well as orders issued on November 18, 20101 (denying the Murrins’ Motion for Relief from
Stay) and February 9, 2012 (denying the Murrins’ Motions for Relief from Orders for Relief
under Chapter 7 and for Relief from Stay).
II.

DISCUSSION

This Court sits in review of bankruptcy court decisions pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a)
(2006). The Court reviews the bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law de novo and its factual
findings for clear error. Dapec, Inc. v. Small Bus. Admin. (In re MBA Poultry, LLC), 291 F.3d
528, 533 (8th Cir. 2002).
A. Jurisdictional challenge
Murrin argues that the bankruptcy court’s Orders denying Murrin’s request to lift the
automatic bankruptcy stay and its Order granting relief under Chapter 7 were barred by the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine. That doctrine generally provides that lower federal courts—including
bankruptcy courts—do not have jurisdiction over appeals from a state court judgment. See
Friends of Lake View Sch. Dist. v. Beebe, 578 F.3d 753, 758 (8th Cir. 2009). The RookerFeldman doctrine is a narrow doctrine “confined to cases . . . brought by state-court losers
complaining of injuries caused by state-court judgments rendered before the district court
proceedings commenced.” Dodson v. Univ. of Ark. for Med. Scis., 601 F.3d 750, 754 (8th Cir.
2010) (quoting Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 284 (2005)).
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Murrin’s Notice of Appeal states that he appeals from the “Order denying Debtor’s
Motion for Relief from Stay dated the 18th of November, 2011.” There is no order from the
bankruptcy court with that date. The Court proceeds under the assumption that Murrin intended
to appeal the order with the same name dated November 18, 2010.
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The involuntary bankruptcy petition at issue here was brought by the state court winners
and does not challenge—but instead seeks to enforce—the state court judgment for sanctions
against Murrin. The involuntary bankruptcy petition more likely furthers the state court’s
purpose by ensuring Murrin fulfills his financial obligation imposed by that court’s judgment.
This case does not fit into the scope of Rooker-Feldman doctrine, and the Court has subject
matter jurisdiction.2
B. Statutory requirements for involuntary bankruptcy under 11 U.S.C. § 303
Involuntary bankruptcy provides a method for creditors to force a debtor into bankruptcy
proceedings if certain statutory criteria are met. Involuntary bankruptcy petitions are rare
compared to voluntary ones in part due to the statutory burdens placed on petitioning creditors.
2-303 Collier on Bankruptcy § 303.01 (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. Sommer eds., 16th ed.
2009). These strict requirements are intended to prevent fraudulent involuntary filings against
individuals. Id. § 303.LH. “[T]he filing of an involuntary petition is an extreme remedy with
serious consequences to the alleged debtor, such as loss of credit standing, inability to transfer
assets and carry on business affairs, and public embarrassment.” In re Reid, 773 F.2d 945, 946
(7th Cir. 1985). Involuntary bankruptcy is intended to be exercised for the good of the entire
creditor body. In re Tichy Elec. Co., 332 B.R. 364, 376 (Bankr. N.D. Iowa 2005). “It is not

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Although the Court finds that Rooker-Feldman doctrine does not apply in this case, it
notes that the record is unclear as to the status of the state court litigation. For example, a March
6, 2009 Order finding Murrin in constructive civil contempt of court required him to serve 90
days imprisonment if he did not comply with the Order. Upon Murrin’s failure to comply, a
bench warrant was issued on March 13, 2009. That warrant apparently expired without an arrest.
The Hennepin County District Court issued a second contempt order on April 24, 2009. The
contempt orders were affirmed, as to John Murrin, by the Minnesota Court of Appeals. Murrin,
2010 WL 1029306, at *16. It is unclear whether the Hennepin County District Court is satisfied
with Murrin’s compliance with its contempt orders.
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intended to be used in an exclusively self-serving manner as a collection device.” Id. Section 303
sets out the requirements for involuntary bankruptcy:
(b) An involuntary case against a person is commenced by the
filing with the bankruptcy court of a petition under chapter 7 or 11
of this title—
(1) by three or more entities, each of which is either a
holder of a claim against such person that is not contingent as to
liability or the subject of a bona fide dispute as to liability or
amount, . . .
(h) . . . after trial, the court shall order relief against the debtor in
an involuntary case under the chapter under which the petition was
filed, only if—
(1) the debtor is generally not paying such debtor’s debts as
such debts become due unless such debts are the subject of a bona
fide dispute as to liability or amount; . . .

11 U.S.C . § 303(a), (h). The petitioning creditors bear the burden of proving that the debtor is
generally not paying debts as they become due and that their claims are not subject to a bona fide
dispute. See Rimell v. Mark Twain Bank (In re Rimell), 946 F.2d 1363, 1365 (8th Cir. 1991); In
re Saunders, 379 B.R. 847, 854 (Bankr. D. Minn. 2007). Murrin argues that the petitioning
creditors cannot satisfy several of the necessary requirements for involuntary bankruptcy.
1. Three or more creditors requirement

Section 303(b)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code allows for the filing of an involuntary
bankruptcy petition against a debtor if commenced “by three or more entities, each of which is
. . . a holder of a claim against such [debtor].” 11 U.S.C. § 303(b)(1). A “claim” is defined as a
“right to payment, whether or not such a right is reduced to a judgment.” 11 U.S.C. § 101(5)(A).
Where creditors are owed separate and distinct payments, and the creditors merely enforce their
rights to payment with a joint judgment, courts have found the creditors to be holders of distinct
claims. See, e.g., Tichy Elec., 332 B.R. at 372, 373, 375; In re Mid-America Indus., Inc., 236
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B.R. 640, 645 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1999); In re Richard A. Turner Co., 209 B.R. 177, 179 (Bankr.
D. Mass. 1997). But where there are joint holders of an obligation or where the separate
obligations due to multiple payees are articulated only as one lump sum, courts have consistently
held that the individuals hold only one claim between them. See, e.g., Huszti v. Huszti, 451 B.R.
717, 721 (E.D. Mich. 2011); Sipple v. Atwood (In re Atwood), 124 B.R. 402, 409 (S.D. Ga.
1991); In re T.P. Herndon and Co., 87 B.R. 204, 205 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 1988).
Here, the involuntary bankruptcy petition was commenced by three distinct creditors,
(Terri Hanson, Colleen Turgeon, and Glenn Smogoleski). Despite the debt arising from one
judgment, the amount owed to each debtor was specified. See Murrin, 2010 WL 1029306, at *2
(“The judgments totaled $431,023.35: $136,767.60 in favor of the Smogoleski respondents;
$103,352.50 in favor of the Davisson/DeSender respondents; $37,100 in favor of Hanson;
$12,958.75 in favor of Klatt; $65,844.50 in favor of Turgeon; and $75,000 in favor of Edina
Realty.”). Because these creditors hold distinct claims, the “three creditor” requirement of 11
U.S.C. § 303(b)(1) is satisfied.
2. Generally not paying debts
In a controverted involuntary bankruptcy case, the petitioning creditors must prove that
“the debtor is generally not paying such debtor’s debts as such debts become due.” 11 U.S.C. §
303(h)(1). Like the three creditor requirement, the “generally not paying” requirement helps to
further the purpose of involuntary bankruptcy by “protect[ing] the interests and desires of the
creditors as a whole.” Crum & Forster Managers Corp. of New York v. Basin Elec. Power
Coop., 911 F.2d 155, 156 (8th Cir. 1990). Involuntary bankruptcy is not to be used “as a forum
for the trial and collection of an isolated disputed claim, a practice condemned in prior
decisions.” Saunders, 379 B.R. at 857 (citing In re Nordbrock, 772 F.2d 397 (8th Cir. 1985)).

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Whether a debtor is generally paying his debts as they came due is a question of fact reviewed
for clear error. See Liberty Tool, & Mfg. v. Vortex Fishing Sys., Inc. (In re Vortex Fishing Sys.,
Inc.), 277 F.3d 1057, 1072 (9th Cir. 2002); Concrete Pumping Serv., Inc. v. King Constr. Co. (In
re Concrete Pumping Serv., Inc.), 943 F.2d 627, 630 (6th Cir. 1991); Soc’y of Lloyd’s v.
Harmsen (In re Harmsen), 320 B.R. 188, 201 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. 2005). Murrin argues he was
generally paying his debts because he was current on all debts other than those due to the
petitioning creditors that resulted from the sanctions judgment.
“Generally” is not specifically defined in the Bankruptcy Code. Most courts use a totality
of the circumstances test to determine whether a debtor is “generally not paying” his debts.3
There are no Eighth Circuit cases delineating a test for determining when a debtor is generally
not paying debts. Although not precedential, the bankruptcy court cited In re Feinberg for the
factors to consider. 238 B.R. 781 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 1999).4 Feinberg tracks the factors considered

3

See, e.g., Vortex Fishing, 277 F.3d at 1072 (“The Ninth Circuit has adopted a “totality of
the circumstances” test for determining whether a debtor is generally not paying its debts under
11 U.S.C. § 303(h).”); Gen. Trading Inc. v. Yale Materials Handling Corp., 119 F.3d 1485, 1504
n.41 (11th Cir. 1997) (“In determining whether a debtor is generally paying its debts as they
become due, courts compare the number of debts unpaid each month to those paid, the amount of
the delinquency, the materiality of the non-payment, and the nature of the [d]ebtor’s conduct of
its financial affairs.” (internal quotation marks omitted)); Norris v. Johnson (In re Norris), No.
96-30146, 1997 WL 256808, at *6 (5th Cir. 1997) (“Numerous factors have been considered by
courts in determining whether a debtor is paying his debts as they become due, including:
whether the debtor is conducting his financial affairs in a manner inconsistent with good faith
and outside the ordinary course of business; the debtor’s overall payment activity and payment
practices; the amount of the debtor’s debts compared to the amount of the debtor’s yearly
income; and the fact that insiders deferred payment on account of loans payable to them.”);
Concrete Pumping Serv., 943 F.2d at 630 (describing a totality of the circumstances test and
explaining that a court “considers the proportion of the debt being paid-both in terms of the
proportion of creditors being paid and the proportion of debt, in dollar value, being paid”).

4

The Eighth Circuit, on a joint motion of the parties, vacated the Bankruptcy Appellate
Panel’s judgment and opinion in Feinberg and remanded the case with instructions that the
Bankruptcy Appellate Panel dismiss the appeal. (Bankruptcy Petition No. 98-53157, ECF No.
26, Jan. 12, 2000).
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by other Circuit Courts. See, e.g., Gen. Trading Inc., 119 F.3d at 1504 n.41; Norris, 1997 WL
256808, at *6; Concrete Pumping Serv., 943 F.2d at 630. The panel in Feinberg noted that there
is no set standard for determining whether a debtor is generally paying his debts, but that the
following factors have been consistently applied by courts in a totality of the circumstances
analysis. Feinberg, 238 B.R. at 783.
(1) the number of unpaid claims;
(2) the amount of the claims;
(3) the materiality of nonpayment; and
(4) the overall conduct of the debtor’s financial affairs.
Id.; see also Crown Heights Jewish Cmty. Council v. Fischer (In re Fischer), 202 B.R. 341, 350
(E.D.N.Y. 1996) (collecting cases that used the four factor analysis). Some courts have applied a
fifty percent standard in analyzing the first two factors, finding that a debtor is generally not
paying his debts when the unpaid debts total more than fifty percent of the debtor’s total debt.
See In re Amanat, 321 B.R. 30, 40 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2005); In re J.B. Lovell Corp., 80 B.R. 254,
255 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 1987); In re Garland Coal & Min. Co., 67 B.R. 514, 522 (Bankr. W.D.
Ark. 1986). But at least one court in this district appears to have disclaimed the use of a
percentage analysis. See In re Hill, 5 B.R. 79, 83 (Bankr. D. Minn. 1980) (“The test is not one of
a percentage of amount of debt nor of number of claimants.”). Reading a percentage into the
meaning of “generally” may be a more rigid test than Congress intended, but it is clear
nonetheless that the number and amount of unpaid claims are central to any analysis. See Report
of the Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States, H.R. Doc. No. 93-137, pt. 2 at
75, ¶ 5 (1st Sess. 1973) (“[T]he court must find more than prospective inability to pay only a few
of the debtor’s liabilities when they fall due and more than a past failure to pay only a few of his
debts. It is intended that the court consider both number and amount in determining whether the
inability or failure is general.”).
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Here, the bankruptcy court listed all four factors from Feinberg but only discussed the
third and fourth factors. In Feinberg, the panel remanded the case because “the bankruptcy court
did not apply the appropriate factors for determination of ‘generally not paying.’” Feinberg, 238
B.R. at 785. Although the test is one of totality of the circumstances and there is no strict
requirement for a court to address each and every factor, most courts addressing this question
rely heavily on the number and amount of the unpaid claims and compare those values with the
debts the debtor is paying. See, e.g., In re Green Hills Dev. Co., LLC, 445 B.R. 647, 660 (Bankr.
S.D. Miss. 2011) (“Without proof as to the number of creditors and the amount of the debt owed,
the Court cannot conclude that the Alleged Debtor was generally not paying its debts.”); Fischer,
202 B.R. at 350 (stating that the analysis “requires a careful balancing of both the number and
amount of the unpaid debts, in proportional terms, viewed in the light of the alleged debtor’s
total financial picture”); In re Reed, 11 B.R. 755, 760-61 (Bankr. S.D. W. Va. 1981) (conducting
a thorough analysis of the number of creditors, amounts owed, and payments made by debtor).
The Fifth Circuit addressed a similar situation in Norris, 1997 WL 256808. In that case, the
debtor was paying all of his debts except those owed to the three creditors petitioning for
involuntary bankruptcy. Id. at *8. The court compared the aggregate amount owed to the
petitioning creditors ($840,000) with the amount owed other creditors ($570,000). Id. The court
found it significant that the debtor had not made any payments on the debt to the petitioning
creditors and noted that the majority of his other debt was owed to family members. Id. The
court found that the debtor was generally not paying his debts. Id. at *7. Without factual findings
as to the number and amount of the debts Murrin is paying as compared to those he is not paying,
the Court cannot liken this case to prior cases where a debtor was found not to be generally
paying his debts. See 2-303 Collier on Bankruptcy § 303.31 (“The concept of ‘generally’ is a

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comparative one. The question is how many debts are being paid in proportion to the total
number of debts.” (footnote omitted)). Further, without findings of fact from the bankruptcy
court regarding these amounts and Murrin’s payment or nonpayment of his various creditors, the
Court has no factual findings to review for clear error. See Vortex Fishing Sys., 277 F.3d at 1072.
The Court’s own cursory review of the record from the bankruptcy proceedings indicates
that Murrin reported over $1,700,000 in secured debt on his Schedule D. This appears to be far
more than the unpaid unsecured debt of $550,000 due to the petitioning creditors. It is certainly
possible that involuntary bankruptcy is appropriate where the only unpaid debts are those of the
petitioning creditors. But courts that have reached such a conclusion have generally done so
when the unpaid debt or debts constitute the majority of the overall debt. See, e.g., In re EuroAmerican Lodging Corp., 357 B.R. 700, 713-14 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2007) (holding that where the
unpaid claim represented 90 percent of the total debt and had been in default for 15 years, the
debtor was not generally paying its debts); In re Am. Cotton Suppliers Int’l, Inc., 2002 Bankr.
LEXIS 1972, 67-68 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. Sept. 30, 2002) (“An alleged debtor may not be paying its
debts as they become due, even if the alleged debtor is not paying only one or two creditors,
when those creditors hold the overwhelming majority of debt.”); Fischer, 202 B.R. at 350-51
(“There is substantial authority for the proposition that even though an alleged debtor may owe
only one debt, or very few debts, an order for relief may be granted where such debt or debts are
sufficiently substantial to establish the generality of the alleged debtor’s default.”); Hill, 5 B.R. at
83 (finding the debtors were not generally paying their debts where they failed to pay three large
debts as compared to small monthly consumer debts that they were paying); see also Vortex
Fishing Sys., 277 F.3d at 1072 (“A finding that a debtor is generally not paying its debts requires
a more general showing of the debtor’s financial condition and debt structure than merely

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establishing the existence of a few unpaid debts.” (quotation marks omitted)). Here, the
bankruptcy court did not make such a comparison. Involuntary bankruptcy is an extreme remedy
that has a significant detrimental impact on the debtor’s credit rating and non-petitioning
creditors. See Reid, 773 F.2d at 946. Therefore, it is not appropriate for the Court to affirm that
Murrin was generally not paying his debts without factual findings and comparative analysis on
the total amount and number of claims.
A portion of the unpaid indebtedness evident from the record is connected to a finding of
contempt, a finding that included the possibility of 90 days in jail. Contempt arising from
nonpayment presupposes that a person has the ability to pay, but is unwilling to pay. An inquiry
into how Murrin’s unpaid indebtedness compares to his general indebtedness is especially
relevant here, where the unpaid indebtedness arises in part from a state court finding of
contempt. The factual findings and legal conclusions by the bankruptcy court do not make it
clear whether the petitioning creditors have exhausted state court collection processes. The facts
of this case lead the Court to question whether this involuntary petition is more akin to an
attempt to collect a debt rather than an attempt to further the interests of all Murrin’s creditors.
Notably, the petition was filed even before the Minnesota Court of Appeals denied the appeal of
the very order that gave rise to the only unpaid indebtedness. Courts have held that preservation
of assets for routine debt collection is an improper purpose for filing an involuntary bankruptcy
petition. See, e.g., Atlas Mach. & Iron Works, Inc. v. Bethlehem Steel Corp., 986 F.2d 709, 716
n.11 (4th Cir. 1993) (“Debt collection is not a proper purpose of bankruptcy.”); Nordbrock, 772
F.2d at 400 (“A creditor does not have a special need for bankruptcy relief if it can go to state
court to collect a debt.”); MAG Bus. Servs. v. Whiteside (In re Whiteside), 240 B.R. 762, 766
(Bankr. W.D. Mo. 1999) (“[T]he remedy of involuntary bankruptcy was not intended to be a

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substitute for ordinary debt collection procedures.”); In re Dino’s, Inc., 183 B.R. 779, 783-84
(S.D. Ohio 1995) (“It is also obvious that the use of the bankruptcy court as a routine collection
device would quickly paralyze this court.” (citation omitted)); see also Tichy Elec., 332 B.R. at
373 (“The filing of an involuntary petition for a non-bankruptcy purpose is evidence of bad
faith.” (citing Basin Elec. Power Coop. v. Midwest Processing Co., 769 F.2d 483, 486 (8th Cir.
1985) and Bock Transp., Inc., 327 B.R. 378, 382 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2005))). In light of the fact that
Murrin’s indebtedness is partly due to his refusal to pay, a comparative analysis is especially
important.
3. Bona fide dispute as to liability or amount
Murrin argues that a bona fide dispute as to liability and amount of the debt exists.
“[C]ourts need not address the complex issue of ‘bona fide dispute’ if they can determine that the
debtor is generally paying its debts as they became due.” 2-303 Collier on Bankruptcy § 303.11;
see also In re Palace Oriental Rugs, Inc., 193 B.R. 126, 129 (Bankr. D. Conn. 1996). The Court
declines to address Murrin’s argument regarding a bona fide dispute because it finds that the
petitioning creditors have not met their burden of demonstrating that Murrin was generally not
paying his debts as they became due.
C. Orders denying relief from the automatic stay
Murrin appeals the November 18, 2010 Order denying relief from the automatic
bankruptcy stay. “A decision to grant or deny a motion for relief from the automatic stay is
within the discretion of the bankruptcy court and as such, is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.”
Wiley v. Hartzler (In re Wiley), 288 B.R. 818, 821 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2003). Murrin argues that the
bankruptcy court’s refusal to lift the stay foreclosed his right to seek a financial hearing on the

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sanctions order in state court due to a change of circumstances. The bankruptcy court can lift the
automatic stay to allow litigation involving the debtor to continue in another forum.
In making the determination of whether to grant relief from the
stay, the court must balance the potential prejudice to the debtor, to
the bankruptcy estate, and to the other creditors against the
hardship to the moving party if it is not allowed to proceed in state
court. The factors used to balance the hardships are: (1) judicial
economy; (2) trial readiness; (3) the resolution of preliminary
bankruptcy issues; (4) the creditor’s chance of success on the
merits; (5) the cost of defense or other potential burden to the
bankruptcy estate and the impact of the litigation on other
creditors.
Id. at 822. Murrin characterizes the November 18, 2010 Order as an order “denying Murrin the
opportunity to clear sanctions” and argues it was unconstitutional according to Stern v. Marshall,
131 S. Ct. 2594 (2011). (Appellant Br. 20-21). Stern held that the bankruptcy court “lacked the
constitutional authority to enter a final judgment on a state law counterclaim that is not resolved
in the process of ruling on a creditor’s proof of claim.” Stern, 131 S. Ct. at 2620. The United
States Supreme Court made clear in Stern that the decision was narrow. Id. The counterclaim at
issue in Stern, upon which the bankruptcy judge entered a final order, was “in no way derived
from or dependent upon bankruptcy law; it [was] a state tort action that exist[ed] without regard
to any bankruptcy proceeding.” Stern, 131 S. Ct. at 2618. The November 18, 2010 Order does
not involve a final judgment on a state law counterclaim. The Minnesota Supreme Court had
denied review of Murrin’s appeal of the state court sanctions three months prior to the
bankruptcy court issuing the challenged Order. The November 18, 2010 Order—in response to
Murrin’s motion to lift the automatic stay—does not rule on Murrin’s state law sanctions, but
instead was directly pursuant to relief specific to bankruptcy law. The authority to lift the
automatic bankruptcy stay is provided in 11 U.S.C. § 362 of the bankruptcy code rather than

14

under state law. The bankruptcy court acted clearly within its authority, and this is not a Stern
situation.
The Court reviewed the transcript from the hearing on Murrin’s motion for relief from the
automatic stay for abuse of discretion. The bankruptcy court denied Murrin’s request for relief
from the stay because it found “no real compelling need to go to [the state court] forum” because
Murrin had already received a final order on the sanctions judgment from the Minnesota Court of
Appeals and a denial of review from the Minnesota Supreme Court. (Tr. 13:8-17, Nov. 18, 2010,
ECF No. 139). The bankruptcy court also noted that its refusal to lift the stay in November, 2010
did not foreclose the possibility of pursuing additional state court actions in the future, after the
trial on Chapter 7 bankruptcy. (Tr. 12:17-13:7, Nov. 18, 2010, ECF No. 139). It also considered
judicial economy and trial readiness in addition to any prejudice to Murrin. (Tr. 10:22-14:17,
Nov. 18, 2010, ECF No. 139). The Court finds that the bankruptcy court did not abuse its
discretion in denying Murrin’s motion for relief from the automatic stay.
As to the February 9, 2012 Order denying Murrin’s motion, the Court need not consider
that Order separately because the underlying Order of January 4, 2012 is reversed and remanded.
D. Additional arguments
Murrin also argues that the bankruptcy court’s Orders are unconstitutional, that venue is
improper, and that the bankruptcy judge impermissibly based some of his findings on his
personal recollections of Murrin from another case. The Court need not reach these arguments as
it finds that the petitioning creditors have not met their burden of demonstrating that Murrin was
generally not paying his debts as they became due.

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III.

CONCLUSION

Based on the files and records herein, and for the reasons stated above, IT IS ORDERED
THAT:
1. The November 18, 2010 Order of the Bankruptcy Court is AFFIRMED.
2. The January 4, 2012 Order of the Bankruptcy Court is REVERSED and
REMANDED.
3. The Appeal from the February 9, 2012 Order and Appellant’s Motion to Strike
Material from Appellee’s Briefs [Docket No. 22] are DISMISSED as moot.
LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.

Dated: August 20, 2012
s/ Joan N. Ericksen
JOAN N. ERICKSEN
United States District Judge

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