Hogy v. Ludeman et al
Filing
105
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER DENYING 102 PLANTIFF'S APPLICATION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS ON APPEAL. (Written Opinion) Signed by Judge John R. Tunheim on 2/13/2023. (KKM)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA
This Document Relates to:
Civil No. 16-02066 (JRT/LIB)
Lonergan v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02092 (JRT/LIB)
Hogy v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02190 (JRT/LIB)
Branson v. Piper et al.
Civil No. 16-02191 (JRT/LIB)
Foster v. Ludeman et al.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
DENYING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATIONS TO
PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS ON
APPEAL
Civil No. 16-02241 (JRT/LIB)
Allan v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02237 (JRT/LIB)
Stevens v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02592 (JRT/LIB)
Hammermeister v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02604 (JRT/LIB)
Hand v. Ludeman et al.
Civil No. 16-02091 (JRT/LIB)
Karsjens v. Ludeman et al.
Peter Allan, Sr., Terry Lee Branson, Bradley Wayne Foster, Kenneth Donald Hand,
Randy Earl Hammermeister, Steven Merrill Hogy, Kevin Scott Karsjens, Peter Gerard
CASE 0:16-cv-02092-JRT-LIB Doc. 105 Filed 02/13/23 Page 2 of 6
Lonergan, and Brad Ronald Stevens (together, “Plaintiffs”) are all patients in the
Minnesota Sex Offender Program (MSOP) who claim they have been unlawfully treated
by the MSOP. The Court dismissed their claims on remand from the Eighth Circuit after
finding that they were barred by issue preclusion. The Plaintiffs have jointly appealed the
dismissal of their claims to the Eighth Circuit and have each individually applied to
proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) on appeal. Because the Court finds that their appeal is
frivolous, the Court will deny the Plaintiffs’ applications for IFP status.
BACKGROUND
The Court has detailed the complex history of this and related cases in previous
orders and incorporates these orders by reference herein.1 Thus the Court will provide
an abbreviated background here.
The Plaintiffs in these cases are all patients in the Minnesota Sex Offender Program
(“MSOP”). They each claimed that the conditions and policies of the MSOP violated their
constitutional rights. The Court dismissed their cases in part because their claims were
barred by issue preclusion in light of Karsjens v. Piper, 336 F. Supp. 3d 974 (D. Minn. 2018)
(“Karsjens 2018”) aff’d in part, vacated in part, remanded sub nom. Karsjens v. Lourey,
988 F.3d 1047 (8th Cir. 2021). The Eighth Circuit subsequently vacated Karsjens 2018—
1
See, e.g., Lonergan v. Ludeman, No. 16-2066, 2019 WL 1324863, at *1 (D. Minn. Mar.
25, 2019) aff'd in part, rev'd in part and remanded sub nom.
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the case that was the basis for the Court’s issue preclusion order—after it concluded that
the district court had applied the wrong legal standard. See Karsjens v. Lourey, 988 F.3d
1047 (8th Cir. 2021), cert. denied, 211 L. Ed. 2d 102, 142 S. Ct. 232 (2021) (“Karsjens II”).2
Each Plaintiff in this case appealed the dismissal of their case. The cases were then
consolidated on appeal, and the Eighth Circuit reversed the dismissal of the claims in light
of Karsjens II. See Branson v. Piper, No. 19-1956, 2022 WL 302610, at *1 (8th Cir. Feb. 2,
2022). The Eighth Circuit remanded with instructions to stay the matter pending
disposition in Karsjens. Id.
On remand, the Karsjens district court reached the same outcome as it had in 2018.
Compare Karsjens 2018, 336 F. Supp. 3d at 984–88, with Karsjens v. Harpstead, No. 113659, 2022 WL 542467, at *6–7 (D. Minn. Feb. 23, 2022). As mandated by the Eighth
Circuit, the Court then considered the final holding in Karsjens and found that collateral
estoppel still barred the Plaintiffs’ complaints.3
The Plaintiffs have again appealed the Court’s decision. (See Case No. 16-2066,
Joint Notice of Appeal, Jan. 25, 2023, Docket No. 108.) Each Plaintiff was previously
2
This decision has been referred to as Karsjens II because it is the second Eighth Circuit
appeal and opinion arising from the Karsjens class litigation. See also Karsjens v. Piper, 845 F.3d
394, 498 (8th Cir. 2017) (“Karsjens I”).
3 See Lonergan v. Ludeman et al., Case Nos. 16-2066 et al., 2022 WL 18493117, at *2 (D.
Minn. Dec. 30, 2022) (dismissing consolidated cases).
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granted IFP status on appeal by the Court,4 and each Plaintiff now again asks to proceed
in forma pauperis on appeal.5 The Court will consider their requests.
DISCUSSION
A litigant who seeks to be excused from paying the filing fee for an appeal in a
federal case may apply for IFP status under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. The in forma pauperis
statute has been applied to prisoner and non-prisoner cases alike. See Nichole K. v.
Commissioner of Social Security, No. 19-1662, 2019 WL 3037087, at *1 n.1 (D. Minn. July
11, 2019). To qualify for IFP status, the litigant must demonstrate that they cannot afford
to pay the full filing fee. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1).
Even if a litigant is found to be indigent, however, IFP status will be denied if the
Court finds that the litigant's appeal is not taken in good faith. Id. § 1915(a)(3). An appeal
is taken in good faith when the party seeking review presents nonfrivolous issues.
Coppedge v. United States, 369 U.S. 438, 444–45 (1962). This is judged by an objective
standard and not by the appellant’s subjective point of view. Id. An appeal is frivolous
4(Case No. 16-2241, Docket Nos. 5, 84; Case No. 16-2190, Docket No. 7; Case No. 16-2191,
Docket No. 89; Case No. 16-2604, Docket No. 84; Case No. 16-2592, Docket No. 91; Case No. 162092, Docket No. 94; Case No. 16-2091, Docket No. 105; Case No. 16-2066, Docket No. 100; Case
No. 16-2237, Docket No. 106.)
5 (Case No. 16-2241, Docket No. 92; Case No. 16-2190, Docket No. 109; Case No. 16-2191,
Docket No. 97; Case No. 16-2604, Docket No. 93; Case No. 16-2592, Docket No. 99; Case No. 162092, Docket No. 102; Case No. 16-2091, Docket No. 113; Case No. 16-2066, Docket No. 109;
Case No. 16-2237, Docket No. 114.)
-4-
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“where it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact.” Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S.
319, 325 (1989); Martin v. MPLS Sch. Dist. No. 1, No. 14-4462, 2015 WL 1020845, at *1
(D. Minn. Mar. 9, 2015).
Here, because the Court finds that their appeal is frivolous, it is not taken in good
faith and the Court must deny their applications. The Plaintiffs present no arguments for
the Eighth Circuit to consider. The Plaintiffs identify no facts or findings that the Court
erroneously determined. And the Plaintiffs advance no basis for the Court’s supposed
legal error. The Plaintiffs only state “The court erred in it’s [sic] analysis, in finding issue
preclusion.” (Joint Notice of Appeal at 2.) This is the full extent of their appeal. The Court
will therefore exercise its discretion to deem this appeal to be frivolous and deny the
Plaintiffs’ requests for IFP status. See Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33–34 (1992)
(finding that “frivolousness is a decision entrusted to the discretion of the court
entertaining the in forma pauperis petition”).
ORDER
Based on the foregoing, and all the files, records, and proceedings herein, IT IS
HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Petitions to Proceed In Forma Pauperis on Appeal [Case
No. 16-2241, Docket No. 92; Case No. 16-2190, Docket No. 109; Case No. 16-2191, Docket
No. 97; Case No. 16-2604, Docket No. 93; Case No. 16-2592, Docket No. 99; Case No. 16-
-5-
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2092, Docket No. 102; Case No. 16-2091, Docket No. 113; Case No. 16-2066, Docket No.
109; Case No. 16-2237, Docket No. 114] are DENIED.
DATED: February 13, 2023
at Minneapolis, Minnesota.
JOHN R. TUNHEIM
United States District Judge
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