Dorosh et al. v. Minnesota Department of Human Services Commissioner et al.
Filing
247
OPINION AND ORDER: Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC, and Blake Elliot's Motion to Dismiss 146 is GRANTED. Plaintiffs' claims against Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC, and Blake Elliot are DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. (Written Opinion). Signed by Judge Eric C. Tostrud on 9/26/2023. (RMM)
CASE 0:23-cv-01144-ECT-LIB Doc. 247 Filed 09/26/23 Page 1 of 26
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA
Daniel Dorosh, Pamela Dorosh-Walther,
and Deanna Dorosh,
File No. 23-cv-1144 (ECT/LIB)
Plaintiffs,
v.
OPINION AND ORDER
Minnesota Department of Human Services
Commissioner; Jodi Harpstead; Anoka
County; Anthony Palumbo; Bryan Frantz;
Lisa Broos Jones; Nancy Norman Sommers;
ABC Payee, Inc.; James Munoz; Sandy
Munoz; Brenda Schurhamer; Kari Schuster;
Jesse Perron; Thomas Allen Inc.;
Presbyterian Family Foundation; Paul
Jeddeloh; Catherine Johnson; Shirley Olson;
Julie Blank; Jason Gertken; Jesse Griffin;
Bolt, Hoffer, Boyd; Lutheran Social
Services; Robin Tomney; Patrick Theuson;
Kimberly Watson; Cassandra Jahnke;
Volunteers of America (VOA); Aldrich
Boarding Care Home; Everyday Living;
Blake Elliot; Riverside Montage Inc.;
Bonnie
Rask;
Cynthia
MacDonald,
Minnesota Department of Human Services
Assistant Commissioner and Medicaid;
Douglas
Johnson;
Stearns
County;
Sherburne County; Kathleen Heaney; Julie
Manworren; Shani Christopher; and Janell
Kendall,
Defendants.
Daniel Dorosh, Pamela Dorosh-Walther, and Deanna Dorosh, Pro Se.
Aaron Winter and Brian Card, Minnesota Attorney General’s Office, for Defendants
Minnesota Department of Human Services Commissioner, Jodi Harpstead, and Cynthia
MacDonald.
CASE 0:23-cv-01144-ECT-LIB Doc. 247 Filed 09/26/23 Page 2 of 26
Jason J. Stover and Robert I. Yount, Anoka County Attorney’s Office, for Defendants
Anoka County, Anthony Palumbo, Bryan Frantz, Lisa Broos Jones, and Nancy Norman
Sommers.
Barbara P. Berens, Berens & Miller, PA, Minneapolis, MN, for Defendants ABC Payee,
Inc., and James Munoz.
James Francis Christoffel, Christoffel & Elliott, P.A., St. Paul, MN, for Defendants Brenda
Schurhamer, Kari Schuster, Jesse Perron, and Thomas Allen Inc.
Elisa M. Hatlevig, Jardine Logan & O’Brien PLLP, Lake Elmo, MN, and Trevor S.
Johnson, Lake Elmo, MN, for Defendants Presbyterian Family Foundation, Catherine
Johnson, Shirley Olson, Julie Blank, and Jason Gertken.
Barry A. O’Neil and Nathan Zellmer Heffernan, Lommen Abdo, P.A., Minneapolis, MN,
for Defendant Paul Jeddeloh.
Jesse R. Griffin, Charles H. Johnson & Associates, New Brighton, MN, for Defendants
Jesse Griffin and Bolt, Hoffer, Boyd.
Brandon J. Wheeler and Ryan A. Olson, Felhaber, Larson, Fenlon & Vogt, PA,
Minneapolis, MN, for Defendants Lutheran Social Service, Robin Tomney, Patrick
Theuson, Kimberly Watson, and Cassandra Jahnke.
Lauren Hoglund and William L. Davidson, Lind Jensen Sullivan & Peterson, P.A., for
Defendants Volunteers of America (VOA) and Julie Manworren.
Steven J. Sheridan and Matthew P. Lawlyes, Fisher Bren & Sheridan, LLP, Minneapolis,
MN, for Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC, and Blake Elliot.
Bonnie Rask, Pro Se.
Jessica E. Schwie, Kennedy & Graven, Chartered, Minneapolis, MN, for Defendants
Stearns County and Janell Kendall.
James R. Andreen and Samantha R. Alsadi, Erstad & Riemer, P.A., Minneapolis, MN, for
Defendants Sherburne County and Kathleen Heaney.
Shani Christopher, Pro Se.
________________________________________________________________________
2
CASE 0:23-cv-01144-ECT-LIB Doc. 247 Filed 09/26/23 Page 3 of 26
Pro se sibling Plaintiffs Daniel Dorosh, Pamela Dorosh-Walther, and Deanna
Dorosh, bring 32 counts against 41 Defendants—state entities, long-term-care facilities,
attorneys, guardians, and related individuals—alleging misconduct relating to Daniel’s
guardianship. Plaintiffs allege that Defendants violated their constitutional rights, statutory
rights, and committed common-law torts.
Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC, and Blake Elliot—the long-termcare facility where Daniel currently resides and its owner (collectively the “Aldrich
Defendants”)—move to dismiss under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2), 12(b)(1),
and 12(b)(6). The motion will be granted for several reasons. Plaintiffs’ 234-page
Amended Complaint violates Rule 8(a)(2). Most of Plaintiffs’ claims are also barred by
the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. And Plaintiffs waived their remaining claims against the
Aldrich Defendants by failing to file a brief opposing the motion to dismiss. Even if the
claims were not dismissed on those grounds, Plaintiffs fail to state a plausible claim against
the Aldrich Defendants under Rule 12(b)(6).1
I
The Amended Complaint spans 234 pages and contains 1,113 paragraphs. Some
allegations are segregated against specific Defendants. Many are not. Few allegations are
in chronological order. And all 32 counts are purportedly raised by each Plaintiff against
1
There is another problem. Almost all of the claims brought by the three Plaintiffs
are Daniel’s alone. But the state district court found Daniel incompetent and appointed a
guardian. Therefore, Daniel likely lacks the capacity to sue in federal court without a
representative. And Deanna and Pamela are unable to represent Daniel pro se in federal
court. See 28 U.S.C. § 1654.
3
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all 41 Defendants. To parse all of Plaintiffs’ factual allegations from the conclusory and
marshal them into a chronological narrative would be a futile task. For that reason, a
chronological overview of events will be provided first, drawing from public court records
of the underlying guardianship proceeding.2 Then, Plaintiffs’ specific allegations against
the Aldrich Defendants will be summarized.
A3
Daniel lives with Deanna. Daniel has a developmental disability, complicated
medical history, and requires assistance with everyday life. ECF No. 100-3 at 1. Prior to
2017, Daniel lived with his family. ECF No. 100-1 at 2; ECF No. 100-3 at 1. In 2013 or
2014, he moved in with Deanna, his sister. ECF No. 100-1 at 2; ECF No. 100-4 at 5.
Daniel was happy living with Deanna. Am. Compl. [ECF No. 8] ¶ 356. Despite his
2
Defendants submit declarations attaching exhibits from the underlying guardianship
action to support their motions to dismiss. See Wheeler Decl. [ECF No. 100]; Lawlyes
Decl. [ECF No. 149]. In resolving a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, courts ordinarily do not
consider matters outside the pleadings. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d); Zean v. Fairview Health
Servs., 858 F.3d 520, 526 (8th Cir. 2017). Courts may, however, “additionally consider
matters incorporated by reference or integral to the claim, items subject to judicial notice,
matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits
attached to the complaint whose authenticity is unquestioned.” Zean, 858 F.3d at 526
(internal quotation marks and citations omitted). The documents filed in Anoka County
District Court, No. 02-PR-17-305, are part of a public court record of which the Court may
take judicial notice and properly consider in the context of the Aldrich Defendants’ motion.
See, e.g, Crooks v. Lynch, 557 F.3d 846, 848 (8th Cir. 2009) (citing Stutzka v. McCarville,
420 F.3d 757, 761 n.2 (8th Cir. 2005)).
3
In analyzing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, all factual
allegations in the complaint are accepted as true and all reasonable inferences are drawn in
favor of the plaintiff. See Osborn v. United States, 918 F.2d 724, 729 n.6 (8th Cir. 1990).
Accordingly, the relevant facts drawn from the Amended Complaint are accepted as true.
4
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disability, Daniel was able to attend mass, participate in theology study groups, and take
computer classes. Id. ¶ 148.
Anoka County investigates Deanna for maltreatment. In October 2014, Anoka
County Adult Protection opened an investigation into Deanna’s care of Daniel. ECF No.
100-1 at 3. In early 2015, Anoka County reported to the Social Security Administration
that Deanna was financially exploiting Daniel’s Social Security benefits. Am. Compl. ¶¶
208–09. As a result, Deanna was replaced as Daniel’s “Rep[resentative] Payee” for his
Social Security benefits. Id. ¶ 219. On May 15, 2015, Anoka County “filed a False
Maltreatment Report [against Deanna] . . . claiming Maltreatment due to financial
exploitation and lack of medical care.” Am. Compl. ¶ 212. Plaintiffs allege Anoka County
investigated Deanna and filed these false reports “solely to take guardianship” of Daniel.
Am. Compl. ¶¶ 239–40.
Anoka County petitions to appoint a guardian and conservator. On June 5, 2017,
Anoka County Social Services petitioned Anoka County District Court to appoint a
guardian for Daniel. ECF No. 100-1. Because he was not independently represented by
counsel, the state district court appointed Jeffrey J. Storey to serve as Daniel’s attorney
during the guardianship proceeding. ECF No. 100-2. Anoka County Social Services later
filed an amended petition requesting a guardianship and conservatorship. Amended
Petition, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. Aug. 7, 2017) (Index No.
18). On August 14, 2017, Deanna intervened and moved to dismiss the guardianship
petition. ECF No. 100-4. After a contested hearing, the state district court granted the
5
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petition on August 15, 2017, appointing Northland Family Solutions, LLC (“Northland”),
as Daniel’s guardian and conservator. ECF No. 100-3 at 4.
Daniel is forcibly removed from Deanna’s home. On August 17, 2017, law
enforcement forcibly removed Daniel from Deanna’s home and transported him to a
hospital until long-term placement was found. Am. Compl. ¶ 50. On September 4, 2017,
Northland moved Daniel from the hospital to “Mary T. Corp. Institution Intermediate Care
Facility,” where Daniel remained until April 5, 2018. Id.
Deanna petitions to remove the guardian. On September 18, 2017, Deanna filed a
motion to amend the order granting the guardianship petition or alternatively for a new
trial. ECF No. 100-7 at 2. On December 28, 2017, Deanna filed a petition to remove
Northland as the guardian and conservator. ECF No. 100-6. The state district court denied
Deanna’s motions and petition. ECF No. 100-7 at 7.
Daniel returns to Deanna’s home, but the guardian forcibly removes him again. On
April 5, 2018, “[Daniel] was removed from the Mary T. Institution, arrested, [and] forced
to Hennepin County Jail,” Am. Compl. ¶ 368, because of a fight with other residents at the
facility. ECF No. 149-1 at 3. Deanna bailed Daniel out of Hennepin County Jail and
brought him to her home. Id. Deanna requested the state district court allow Daniel to
remain at her home, but the court denied her request. Id. at 1. “On or about June 9, 2018
. . . [Northland] had [Daniel] kidnapped again . . . and forced him to a Highly Restrictive
DHS Crisis Locked Facility, Pine City Crisis.” Am. Compl. ¶¶ 389–90.
Deanna petitions to replace Daniel’s court-appointed attorney. On July 27, 2018,
Deanna filed a petition to replace Daniel’s court-appointed attorney, Mr. Storey,
6
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contending that Daniel wanted to be represented by an attorney of his own choosing. ECF
No. 100-12 at 4; Petition for Independent Counsel for Ward, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. July 27, 2018) (Index No. 142). In response to Deanna’s
motion, the state district court appointed a guardian ad litem. ECF No. 100-12 at 4. The
state district court ordered the guardian ad litem to investigate and report whether Daniel
was satisfied with Mr. Storey. Id. In an October 2018 report, the guardian ad litem did not
recommend discharging Mr. Storey, and the court declined to discharge him. Id. at 4, 21.
Deanna takes Daniel from a group home without the guardian’s permission. On
November 14, 2018, Northland moved Daniel to “Bridges Everyday Living [a group home
in] Sauk Rapids.” Am. Compl. ¶ 50. “On November 23, Thanksgiving Day, Bridges
Everyday Living called the family to take [Daniel] to his home for a couple of days[.]”
Am. Compl. ¶ 436.4 In response, Anoka County sought an emergency order to remove
Daniel from Deanna’s care. ECF No. 100-12 at 4. The emergency order was granted on
November 26, 2018, but Daniel was not removed immediately. Id.
Law enforcement forcibly return Daniel to the group home. On November 28, 2018,
Deanna filed a pro se motion on Daniel’s behalf to remove his court-appointed attorney
and filed several affidavits signed by Daniel stating that he wished to hire private counsel.
Id. Deanna also filed a pro se motion on Daniel’s behalf requesting that he remain at her
home. Ward’s Motion to Remain in Current Abode, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305
(Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. Nov. 28, 2018) (Index No. 225). On November 29, 2019, Deanna
4
The state district court found that Deanna had moved Daniel from the Sauk Rapids
group home without Northland’s permission. ECF No. 149-2 at 1.
7
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and Daniel attended a hearing on pending motions, including the appointment of a
successor guardian. Ct. Clerk Minutes, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty.
Dist. Ct. Nov. 29, 2018) (Index No. 240). The state district court refused to consider
Deanna’s pro se filings, directing all represented parties to file motions through counsel
with proper service of process. Id.5 After the hearing, Anoka law enforcement “arrested”
Daniel and forcibly returned him to the Sauk Rapids group home. Am. Compl. ¶¶ 50, 443,
446.
The court appoints a successor guardian and limits contact between Deanna and
Daniel. On December 3, 2018, the state district court appointed Defendant Lutheran Social
Service of Minnesota as the successor guardian and conservator. ECF No. 100-9 at 3. That
same day, the court ordered no unsupervised contact between Deanna and Daniel without
express approval from the guardian. ECF No. 149-2. On December 20, 2018, the state
district court issued an order authorizing the current guardian and future guardians to
prohibit Deanna from contacting Daniel through March 15, 2019. ECF No. 149-3. It
ordered subsequent contact to be supervised by the guardian consistent with Daniel’s
expressed desires. Id.
The successor guardian moves Daniel to a new facility. On February 5, 2019,
Lutheran Social Service moved Daniel from the Sauk Rapids group home to “Montage
CRS Facility” in St. Cloud. Am. Compl. ¶ 473. Deanna alleges Montage staff “maltreated
5
Deanna was represented by counsel at this November 29, 2019 hearing.
8
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[Daniel] physically and emotionally,” Am. Compl. ¶ 475, only provided him with
substandard food, id. ¶ 476, and removed his upper teeth, id. ¶ 482.
Deanna petitions again to remove the guardian. On May 19, 2020, Deanna filed a
petition to remove Lutheran Social Service as Daniel’s guardian, nominating a family
friend to be Daniel’s successor guardian. ECF No. 100-10. Deanna alternatively requested
a modification of the guardian’s duties to grant Deanna the right to participate in Daniel’s
medical care. Later that day, Deanna filed an amended petition for emergency relief
requesting that a private attorney, Jesse Griffin, replace Mr. Storey as Daniel’s counsel.
ECF No. 100-12 at 6. On August 19, 2020, the state district court denied Deanna’s request
to remove Lutheran Social Service, denied Deanna’s request to modify the guardian’s
duties, and denied Deanna’s request to discharge Mr. Storey. ECF No. 100-12 at 20–21.6
The guardian moves Daniel to another crisis facility. On November 3, 2020,
Lutheran Social Service moved Daniel “to Meridian Locked Crisis Facility in Crystal,
MN.” Am. Compl. ¶ 488. Plaintiffs allege Meridian was “another highly restrictive and
inappropriate environment for [Daniel].” Id. By this time, the relationship between
Daniel’s family members and Lutheran Social Service had broken down. See Am. Compl.
¶¶ 486–87, 491–94. Lutheran Social Service continued to limit contact between Deanna
and Daniel, including filing a statutory notice of restrictions requiring Deanna’s visits with
6
On February 11, 2021, the state district court granted Mr. Storey’s motion to
withdraw. Order, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. Feb. 11, 2021)
(Index No. 348). Mr. Griffin replaced Mr. Storey as Daniel’s attorney. Am. Compl. ¶ 471.
For reasons that are not clear from the record, at some point, Mr. Griffin stopped
representing Daniel in the guardianship proceeding and is now a Defendant in this lawsuit.
9
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Daniel to be supervised. Notice of Restrictions, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka
Cnty. Dist. Ct. Jan. 13, 2021) (Index No. 338).7 Lutheran Social Service also rejected
proposals by Daniel’s family for him to return to Deanna’s home on a short-term basis.
Am. Compl. ¶ 487. Deanna and other family members sent “numerous and comprehensive
. . . letters informing Meridian of the unconstitutional guardianship, maltreatment and
restrictive placement.” Id. ¶ 497.
The guardian moves Daniel to his current facility. In response to the family’s
letters, Meridian directed Lutheran Social Service to move Daniel out of their facility. Id.
Lutheran Social Service decided to move him to Aldrich Boarding Care in St. Cloud. Id.
¶ 50.8 On behalf of Daniel, Deanna filed a pro se “motion/objection” to this change in
abode, but the state district court did not consider the motion because Daniel was a
represented party. Am. Compl. ¶ 500; Order, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka
Cnty. Dist. Ct. Mar. 26, 2021) (Index No. 361). Lutheran Social Services moved Daniel
to Aldrich Boarding Care on March 15, 2021. Am. Compl. ¶ 50. Daniel currently resides
at Aldrich Boarding Care. Id. ¶ 42.
Anoka County petitions for a successor guardian. On April 15, 2021, the state
district court granted Lutheran Social Service’s request to discharge the conservatorship.
7
On December 20, 2021, Lutheran Social Service filed a new Notice of Restrictions,
restricting “other family members or friends that may be enlisted by [Deanna]” to
supervised visits with Daniel. Notice of Restrictions, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305
(Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. Dec. 20, 2021) (Index No. 396).
8
Plaintiffs refer to Aldrich Boarding Care as “Bridges” throughout the Amended
Complaint. Am. Compl. at 3. For clarity and accuracy, it will be referred to as Aldrich
Boarding Care in this Order.
10
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Order Discharging Conservatorship, In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist.
Ct. Apr. 15, 2021) (Index No. 367). On June 9, 2022, Anoka County Social Services
petitioned for the appointment of a successor guardian because Lutheran Social Service
intended to resign. ECF No. 100-13 at 1; see also Petition to Appoint Successor, In re
Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. June. 9, 2022) (Index No. 398).
Plaintiffs attempted to remove the guardianship proceeding to federal court, but the state
district court refused to consider the motion. Am. Compl. ¶ 620. On August 2, 2022, the
court appointed Defendant Presbyterian Family Foundation, Inc., as Daniel’s successor
guardian. ECF No. 100-13.
The new guardian prohibits Deanna and Pamela from contacting Daniel. On
August 25, 2022, Deanna and Pamela went to Aldrich Boarding Care to meet with Daniel.
Am. Compl. ¶ 57. Shortly after they arrived, Presbyterian Family Foundation directed
Aldrich Boarding Care to call the police and issue a no trespass order against Deanna and
Pamela. Id. ¶ 58. That same day, Presbyterian Family Foundation filed a new notice of
restrictions prohibiting Deanna and Pamela from contacting Daniel. Notice of Restrictions,
In re Dorosh, No. 02-PR-17-305 (Anoka Cnty. Dist. Ct. Aug. 25, 2022) (Index No. 422).
The claims. Plaintiffs filed this lawsuit on April 21, 2023. ECF No. 1. Plaintiffs
filed the operative Amended Complaint on April 24, 2023. ECF No. 8. Plaintiffs bring 32
counts—each claim brought on behalf of all three Plaintiffs against all 41 Defendants.
Plaintiffs’ claims are as follows: Count 1: Violation of Civil Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983);
Count 2: Negligence; Count 3: Violation of Due Process; Count 4: Declaratory Relief
Under 28 U.S.C. §2201, et. seq.; Count 5: Violation of the First Amendment to the United
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States Constitution (Freedom of Speech and Freedom to Express Religious Beliefs);
Count 6: Violation of the Fourth Amendment (Unlawful and Unjust Civil Commitment);
Count 7: Violation of the Minnesota 36-hour and 48-hour rules; Count 8: Violation of the
Fourteenth Amendment (Due Process); Count 9: Violation of Due Process (Related to
Service and Petition for Guardianship); Count 10: Violation of Due Process (via fraud upon
the Court); Count 11: Conspiracy to Deprive Dorosh of Constitutional Rights (42 U.S.C.
§§1985 and 1986); Count 12: Violation of the Fourth Amendment, Civil Rights, and Minn.
Statute §144.651 (“Health Care Bill of Rights”); Count 13: Deprivation of Civil Rights
Violation of Minnesota Statute, Section 144.651 Subd. 14. and Minn Stat. 626.5572 Subd.
15. (“Health Care Bill of Rights”) Violation of 42 U.S.C. § 12132; Count 14: Violation of
the Eighth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment (Based upon Jensen Settlement
Agreement); Count 15: Violation of Freedom from Abuse Neglect and Exploitation
(42 U.S.C. §§483.12 12) and Minnesota Statutes, Chapter § 626.557 and subd. 411; Count
16: Violation of Social Security Act §§ 1915(c), 1915(i) and 1915(k) (Medicaid (HCBS)
Programs); Count 17: Violation of the Fourth Amendment and Deprivation of Civil Rights
Violation of 42 U.S. Code § 1396n; Count 18: Violation of the Fourth Amendment, Civil
Rights, and 42 CFR, Part 441 (Minn. Statute §440.180, et. seq.); Count 19: Violation of
the Minnesota Olmstead Plan (predicated on the Jensen Agreement) and Medicaid 42 CFR
§ 441.725; Count 20: Violation of 42 U.S.C. §12101, et. seq.; Count 21: Violation of
29 U.S.C. §790, et. seq.; Count 22: Violation of Minn. Statute §245D.04; Count 23:
Violations of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. §§416.618, 416.620 and 416.621;
Count 24: Violation of Minnesota Statute, Section 626.557, Subd. 6; Count 25: Violation
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of Minnesota Statutes, Section 256.092, Subd. 5 and Subd. 7; Count 26: Violation of U.S.C.
42 CFR 431.301(c)(1)(vi)-1915(i), HCBS 42 CFR 441.730(b)-1915(k), Minnesota Statutes
Section 256B.092 and Minnesota Rules 9525.0016, 9525.1860, and 9555.5050 to
9555.6265; Count 27: Violation of Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 86, S.F. 3357; Count 28:
Violations of Minnesota’s Civil Theft of Funds Statute (Minnesota Statute, Section 604.14)
and Conversion; Count 29: Violations of Minnesota Adult Foster Care Statute Minnesota
Statute Ch. 245A and Minnesota Rules 9555.5105 – 955.6265; Count 30: Violation of
Section 701(a) of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. §796-1; Count 31: Violation of
42 U.S.C. §3601, et. seq.; and Count 32: Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress.
B
Defendant Blake Elliot owns Aldrich Boarding Care. “[Aldrich Boarding Care] is
owned and operated by [Mr.] Elliot.” Am. Compl. ¶ 42. Aldrich Boarding Care is a “245D
Home and Community Based Services Licensed Facility,” see id., where Daniel has been
confined since March 2021, id. ¶¶ 50, 141. Mr. Elliot “allowed staff to maltreat[] and
exploit [Daniel], fully isolate and seclude [Daniel] with unlawful restrictions, and withhold
[Daniel’s] due process and constitutional rights.” Id. ¶ 44. Mr. Elliot further allowed staff
to “falsify records . . . that his family had restraining and protective orders against them,
and filed ‘No Trespass’ orders against his sisters.” Id. Mr. Elliot also failed to adequately
respond to Daniel’s family’s phone calls, emails, and mail. Id.
Aldrich Boarding Care isolates Daniel. At the direction of Presbyterian Family
Foundation, Aldrich Boarding Care isolated Daniel by denying him visitors, telephone
calls, personal mail, electronic communications, and from participating in social activities.
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Id. ¶¶ 55, 61, 509. This included Presbyterian Family Foundation directing Aldrich
Boarding Care staff to keep Daniel from accessing a cell phone or facility phone to
communicate with his family. Id. ¶ 60. “Defendants conspired with [Aldrich Boarding
Care] Staff to always accompany [Daniel] to medical appointments, [and] never allow
[Daniel] to speak in the medical appointments[.]” Id. ¶ 514. “[Aldrich Boarding Care]
staff are always threatening [Daniel] that if he tells anybody what they do to him in [Aldrich
Boarding Care] or wants to leave [Aldrich Boarding Care], that they will not give him
dinner and keep food from him for punishment, among many other things. [Aldrich
Boarding Care] has kept food from [Daniel] in the past[.]” Id. ¶ 609.
Aldrich Boarding Care maltreats Daniel.
“Defendants unlawfully force
anti-psychotics and other chemical restraints to completely subdue [Daniel] and confine
him to bed sleeping all day to keep him in [Aldrich Boarding Care].” Id. ¶ 515. Aldrich
Boarding Care “has been reported by a responsible [Aldrich Boarding Care] staff who saw
first-hand unacceptable environments and activities of this Facility.” Id. ¶ 301. Aldrich
Boarding Care had its 245D license revoked by the Minnesota Department of Human
Services on June 27, 2022. Id. ¶ 153. As a result of this maltreatment, “[Daniel’s] health
has seriously deteriorated in [Aldrich Boarding Care].” Id. ¶ 503.
II
A
The Aldrich Defendants seek to dismiss Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2). Rule 8(a)(2) requires a complaint to include “a
short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Rule
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8(a)(2) is a procedural pleading requirement that “has the force of law.” Gurman v. Metro
Hous. & Redevelopment Auth., 842 F. Supp. 2d 1151, 1152 (D. Minn. 2011). “A complaint
which lumps all defendants together and does not sufficiently allege who did what to
whom, fails to state a claim for relief because it does not provide fair notice of the grounds
for the claims made against a particular defendant.” Tatone v. SunTrust Mortg., Inc., 857 F.
Supp. 2d 821, 831 (D. Minn. 2012). “Although pro se pleading are to be construed
liberally, pro se litigants are not excused from failing to comply with substantive and
procedural law.” Burgs v. Sissel, 745 F.2d 526, 528 (8th Cir. 1984); Sorenson v. Minn.
Dep’t of Corr., No. 12-cv-1336 (ADM/AJB), 2012 WL 3143927, at *2 (D. Minn. Aug. 2,
2012).
Plaintiffs’ 32-count, 234-page Amended Complaint violates Rule 8(a)(2). By
lumping all 41 Defendants together, Plaintiffs fail to put the Aldrich Defendants on notice
as to which Plaintiffs are asserting which claims against them. The diverse legal bases for
Plaintiffs’ claims—federal statutes, federal regulations, state statutes, state rules, common
law torts, the United States Constitution, and multiple class action lawsuits—compound
the burden of responding to the Amended Complaint. Because Plaintiffs are pro se, a clear
set of facts could be enough. But the facts about the Aldrich Defendants are sparse and
sprinkled across 1,113 paragraphs.
Plaintiffs’ response brief could have been an
opportunity to clarify what claims are brought against the Aldrich Defendants and the
factual support for those claims. See Grimmett v. Minn. Dep’t of Corr., No. Civ 12-943
JNE/LIB, 2012 WL 6060974, at *2 n.1 (D. Minn. Nov. 8, 2012), report and
recommendation adopted, 2012 WL 6057131 (D. Minn. Dec. 6, 2012). But no response
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brief was filed. Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint impermissibly shifts the pleading burden
onto the Aldrich Defendants, leaving them to guess which claims are brought against them
and which facts support those claims. Even construing Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint
liberally, this violates Rule 8(a)(2).
B
1
Even if Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint satisfied Rule 8, there are jurisdictional and
merits-based defects. Both the jurisdictional and merits aspects of the motion to dismiss
are evaluated under the Rule 12(b)(6) standard. Aldrich Boarding Care and Mr. Elliot rely
only on the complaint and materials in the public record, making theirs a “facial” challenge
to subject-matter jurisdiction. Branson Label, Inc. v. City of Branson, 793 F.3d 910, 914
(8th Cir. 2015). In analyzing a facial challenge, a court “restricts itself to the face of the
pleadings, and the non-moving party receives the same protections as it would defending
against a motion brought under Rule 12(b)(6).” Osborn v. United States, 918 F.2d 724,
729 n.6 (8th Cir. 1990) (citations omitted).
In reviewing a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6), a
court must accept as true all of the factual allegations in the complaint and draw all
reasonable inferences in the plaintiffs’ favor. Gorog v. Best Buy Co., 760 F.3d 787, 792
(8th Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). Although the factual allegations need not be detailed,
they must be sufficient to “raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atl.
Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (citation omitted). The complaint must “state
a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Id. at 570. “A claim has facial plausibility
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when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable
inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
Plaintiffs’ pro se pleadings are entitled to liberal construction. Erickson v. Pardus,
551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007); Stone v. Harry, 364 F.3d 912, 914 (8th Cir. 2004). Pro se
complaints, “however inartfully pleaded,” are held “to less stringent standards than formal
pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Jackson v. Nixon, 747 F.3d 537, 541 (8th Cir. 2014)
(quoting Erickson, 551 U.S. at 94). “[I]f the essence of an allegation is discernible . . . then
the district court should construe the complaint in a way that permits the layperson’s claim
to be considered within the proper legal framework.” Solomon v. Petray, 795 F.3d 777,
787 (8th Cir. 2015) (quoting Stone, 364 F.3d at 914). Still, even under this liberal standard,
a pro se complaint must contain sufficient facts in support of the claims it advances. Stone,
364 F.3d at 914.
2
Start with jurisdiction. Mr. Elliot and Aldrich Boarding Care argue Plaintiffs’
claims should be dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction under the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine. “In the two decisions for which the doctrine is named, Rooker
v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), and District of Columbia Court of Appeals v.
Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983), the Court established the narrow proposition that with the
exception of habeas corpus proceedings, the inferior federal courts lack subject-matter
jurisdiction over ‘cases brought by state-court losers complaining of injuries caused by
state-court judgments rendered before the district court proceedings commenced and
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inviting review and rejection of those judgments.’” In re Athens/Alpha Gas Corp., 715
F.3d 230, 234 (8th Cir. 2013) (quoting Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544
U.S. 280, 284 (2005)). “This conclusion follows from 28 U.S.C. § 1257, which grants to
the Supreme Court exclusive jurisdiction over appeals from state-court judgments.” Id. at
234; see also Exxon Mobil, 544 U.S. at 283 (“Federal district courts . . . are empowered to
exercise original, not appellate, jurisdiction.”). In Exxon Mobil, the Supreme Court noted
that inferior federal courts had sometimes applied the Rooker-Feldman doctrine too
broadly, “overriding Congress’ conferral of federal-court jurisdiction concurrent with
jurisdiction exercised by state courts, and superseding the ordinary application of
preclusion law pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1738,” the Full Faith and Credit Act. Exxon Mobil,
544 U.S. at 283. To check the lower federal courts’ enthusiasm for the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine, the Supreme Court made clear that the doctrine applies only to cases filed in
federal court by the losing party in state court “complaining of an injury caused by the
state-court judgment” that “call[] upon the District Court to overturn an injurious statecourt judgment.” Id. at 291–92. Importantly, the Court also explained that § 1257 does
not “stop a district court from exercising subject-matter jurisdiction simply because a party
attempts to litigate in federal court a matter previously litigated in state court. If a federal
plaintiff ‘present[s] some independent claim, albeit one that denies a legal conclusion that
a state court has reached in a case to which he was a party . . ., then there is jurisdiction and
state law determines whether the defendant prevails under principles of preclusion.’” Id.
at 293 (quoting GASH Assocs. v. Rosemont, 995 F.2d 726, 728 (7th Cir. 1993)).
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Some cases present straightforward Rooker-Feldman questions while others are
more difficult. See Athens/Alpha, 715 F.3d at 234 (observing that “the scope of the RookerFeldman doctrine, even as narrowly described in Exxon Mobil, is sometimes fuzzy on the
margins”); Dodson v. Univ. of Ark. for Med. Scis., 601 F.3d 750, 756 (8th Cir. 2010)
(Melloy, J. concurring) (“Indirect appeals from state-court judgments have been more
controversial[.]”). Examples are instructive. Consider Caldwell v. DeWoskin, 831 F.3d
1005 (8th Cir. 2016). There, the plaintiff, Caldwell, sued his ex-wife (Lavender) and her
attorney (DeWoskin) in a federal district court alleging they had violated the automatic
stay by continuing to seek enforcement of a judgment of dissolution against Caldwell,
including contempt sanctions, in Missouri state court after Caldwell had filed for
bankruptcy. Id. at 1006–08. The Missouri state court “decided the automatic stay did not
prevent it from holding Caldwell in contempt, and so held.” Id. at 1007. The Missouri
Court of Appeals later reversed the contempt judgment on grounds other than the automatic
stay.
Id.
The federal district court entered summary judgment against Caldwell,
determining that it lacked subject-matter jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine,
id. at 1008, and the Eighth Circuit reversed, id. at 1008–09. The Eighth Circuit explained:
“Whether the doctrine applies depends on whether a federal plaintiff seeks relief from a
state court judgment based on an allegedly erroneous decision by a state court—in which
case the doctrine would apply—or seeks relief from the allegedly illegal act or omission of
an adverse party.” Id. at 1008 (citing Hageman v. Barton, 817 F.3d 611, 615 (8th Cir.
2016)). Caldwell sought only “compensation for injuries he allege[d] were caused by the
actions DeWoskin and Lavender took to enforce the state court’s [judgment] after the
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automatic stay was in place.” Id. at 1009. The Eighth Circuit concluded that “Caldwell’s
claims are not barred by Rooker-Feldman because they challenge the actions taken by
DeWoskin and Lavender ‘in seeking and executing the [state contempt orders],’ rather than
the state court orders themselves.” Id. (quoting Riehm v. Engelking, 538 F.3d 952, 965
(8th Cir. 2008); see also Hageman, 817 F.3d at 614 (recognizing that the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine “is limited in scope and does not bar jurisdiction over actions alleging independent
claims arising from conduct in underlying state proceedings”); Robins v. Ritchie, 631 F.3d
919, 925 (8th Cir. 2011) (recognizing that Rooker-Feldman applies “if the federal claims
can succeed only to the extent the state court wrongly decided the issues before it.”).
Many of Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by Rooker-Feldman. The central thrust of the
Amended Complaint is that Daniel’s guardianship is unconstitutional. See, e.g., Am.
Compl. ¶¶ 119–30. In Count 4, for example, Plaintiffs request declaratory judgment that
the underlying guardianship is unconstitutional. Id. ¶ 807. Rooker-Feldman squarely
prohibits a lower federal court from declaring that a state court judgment is
unconstitutional. Many of Plaintiffs’ other claims face a similar problem. In Plaintiffs’
Count 9 due process claim, for example, Plaintiffs allege “[Daniel] was never served the
Petition for Guardianship for the August 15, 2017 [Petition.]” Am. Compl. ¶ 857.
Plaintiffs seem to be saying that the Anoka County District Court should have denied the
petition because of procedural defects during the petition for guardianship.
Rooker-Feldman prohibits a lower federal court from overturning an injurious state district
court judgment on procedural or substantive grounds. It is challenging to discern the
premise behind each of Plaintiffs’ 32 counts and therefore which of those “claims can
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succeed only to the extent the state court wrongly decided the issues before it.” Robins,
631 F.3d at 925. It suffices to conclude that jurisdiction is lacking for Plaintiffs’ claims
seeking to overturn the guardianship and turn to Plaintiffs’ claims against the Aldrich
Defendants that are not barred by Rooker-Feldman.
Plaintiffs bring a few discernable claims against the Aldrich Defendants that are not
barred. First, the common law tort claims of negligence (Count 2) and intentional infliction
of emotion distress (Count 32) are not barred. It can be inferred that Plaintiffs are seeking
relief from Aldrich Boarding Care’s allegedly tortious conduct, not seeking relief from an
injurious state court judgment.
Second, it can be inferred that Plaintiffs’ statutory
Minnesota-Health-Care-Bill-of Rights claims (Counts 12 and 13) are based on alleged
maltreatment by Aldrich Boarding Care. Finally, Plaintiffs’ § 1983 civil rights claim
(Count 1) appears to be based on Defendants’ allegedly wrongful conduct during the
guardianship proceedings in conjunction with Aldrich Boarding Care’s alleged
maltreatment and isolation of Daniel. See Am. Compl. ¶ 545 (Alleging “[s]ystemic fraud
involving huge entities has occurred through fabricated evidence, false reports, illegal
practices, withholding exculpatory evidence from court, abuse of process, bad faith,
malfeasance, fraud upon the court, violations of due process, a conspiracy of collusion, and
perpetrated physical, sexual, emotional and financial maltreatment”). As in Caldwell,
Rooker-Feldman does not prevent jurisdiction over claims related to Defendants’ allegedly
wrongful conduct.
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3
Plaintiffs’ have waived their claims against the Aldrich Defendants by failing to file
a response brief. A plaintiff waives its claims by failing to respond to a defendant’s
arguments on a motion to dismiss. Doe v. Mayorkas, No. 22-cv-00752 (ECT/DTS),
2022 WL 4450272, at *2 (D. Minn. Sept. 23, 2022) (citing Espey v. Nationstar Mortg.,
LLC, No. 13-cv-2979 (ADM/JSM), 2014 WL 2818657, at *11 (D. Minn. June 19, 2014)
(collecting cases)). As was discussed in the context of Rule 8, “pro se litigants are not
excused from failing to comply with substantive and procedural law.” Burgs, 745 F.2d at
528. Plaintiffs did not file a response brief opposing the Aldrich Defendants’ motion to
dismiss. See generally, Docket. This alone would be enough to grant the Aldrich
Defendants’ motion.
Plaintiffs’ claims against the Aldrich Defendants fail on their merits regardless. To
start, Plaintiffs fail to state a § 1983 claim against the Aldrich Defendants because Plaintiffs
have failed to plausibly allege the Aldrich Defendants are state actors. “Only state actors
can be held liable under Section 1983.” Youngblood v. Hy-Vee Food Stores, Inc., 266 F.3d
851, 855 (8th Cir. 2001). “Under [the Supreme] Court’s cases, a private entity can qualify
as a state actor in a few limited circumstances—including, for example, (i) when the private
entity performs a traditional, exclusive public function; (ii) when the government compels
the private entity to take a particular action; or (iii) when the government acts jointly with
the private entity.” Manhattan Cmty. Access Corp. v. Halleck, 587 U.S. ---, 139 S. Ct.
1921, 1928 (2019) (citations omitted); see Dennis v. Sparks, 449 U.S. 24, 27–28 (1980)
(“Private persons, jointly engaged with state officials in the challenged action, are acting
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[] ‘under color’ of [state] law for purposes of § 1983 actions.”). Aldrich Boarding Care is
a private care facility licensed by the government, Am. Compl. ¶ 42, and there are no
allegations suggesting Mr. Elliot works for the government. At best, Plaintiffs allege that
the Aldrich Defendants have followed the directions of Presbyterian Family Foundation, a
state-appointed guardian. See, e.g., Am. Compl. ¶ 60 “[Presbyterian Family Foundation]
directs [Aldrich Boarding Care] to keep [Daniel’s] stolen cell phones, steal any new cell
phones[.]”). But state-appointed guardians are not state actors under § 1983. Peterson v.
Arnold, No. 09-cv-0890 (PJS/RLE), 2009 WL 2972486, at *5 (D. Minn. Sept. 10, 2009);
Gebel v. Owsley, No. 4:15 CV 38 RWS, 2015 WL 5853800, at *2 (E.D. Mo. Oct. 6, 2015).
Meanwhile, any allegations that the Aldrich Defendants are part of a civil rights conspiracy
are conclusory. See, e.g., Am. Compl. ¶ 510 (“Defendants conspired to violate 245D
mandates[.]”). Because the Aldrich Defendants are not state actors, Plaintiffs’ § 1983
claims fail.
Plaintiff’s claims under Minn. Stat. § 144.651 (Counts 12 & 13) fail because the
statute does not provide a private cause of action. The Minnesota commissioner of health
has exclusive authority to enforce Minn. Stat. § 144.651. Minn. Stat. § 144.653, subdiv.
1. “By providing that the commissioner of health has exclusive authority to enforce the
Minnesota Patients’ Bill of Rights and that the issuance of such a correction order does not
expand the patient’s right to seek redress beyond the grievance procedures set forth
in section 144.651, subdivision 20, the legislature demonstrated that it did not intend to
create a private cause of action.” Favors v. Kneisel, 902 N.W.2d 92, 96 (Minn. Ct. App.
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2017). Regardless of whether the Aldrich Defendants violated Minn. Stat. § 144.651,
Plaintiffs have no right to sue under the statute.
Turn next to Plaintiffs’ state common-law negligence and intentional-infliction-ofemotional-distress claims against the Aldrich Defendants. “Though pro se complaints are
to be construed liberally, they still must allege sufficient facts to support the claims
advanced.” Stone, 364 F.3d at 914. To plead a negligence claim, a plaintiff must allege
facts plausibly showing (1) the existence of a duty of care; (2) a breach of that duty; (3) an
injury; and (4) the breach of the duty was the proximate cause of the injury. Lubbers v.
Anderson, 539 N.W.2d 398, 401 (Minn. 1995). Plaintiffs’ allegations against the Aldrich
Defendants are too vague and conclusory to state a claim for negligence. Examining a few
example allegations is instructive. Plaintiffs allege that “Defendants unlawfully force
anti-psychotics and other chemical restraints to completely subdue [Daniel].” Am. Compl.
¶ 515. To start, this allegation fails to distinguish between the 41 Defendants in this case.
And “unlawfully force” is a legal conclusion, not a factual allegation. More importantly,
Plaintiffs do not allege who is administering the drugs, what drugs are being administered,
and why administering those drugs breaches Aldrich Boarding Care’s standard of care.
Elsewhere in the Amended Complaint, Plaintiffs allege Aldrich Boarding Care “has been
reported by a responsible [Aldrich Boarding Care] staff who saw first-hand unacceptable
environments and activities of this Facility.” Am. Compl. ¶ 301. “[U]nacceptable
environments and activities” is too vague and conclusory to plausibly sustain a negligence
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claim against the Aldrich Defendants.9 Plaintiffs fail to plausibly state a negligence claim
against the Aldrich Defendants under Rule 12(b)(6).
Plaintiffs’ intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress claim fares no better. To
plead a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress under Minnesota law, Plaintiffs
must allege facts plausibly showing “(1) the conduct was extreme and outrageous; (2) the
conduct was intentional or reckless; (3) [the conduct] caused emotional distress; and (4) the
distress was severe.” K.A.C. v. Benson, 527 N.W.2d 553, 560 (Minn. 1995) (citation
omitted). To be “extreme and outrageous,” conduct must be “so atrocious that it passes
the boundaries of decency and is utterly intolerable to the civilized community.” Hubbard
v. United Press Int’l, Inc., 330 N.W.2d 428, 439 (Minn. 1983).
Plaintiffs’
intentional-infliction-of-emotional-distress claim rests on the same facts as Plaintiffs’
negligence claim. The allegations remain conclusory. See, e.g., Am. Compl. ¶ 44 (Mr.
Elliot “allowed staff to maltreat, and exploit [Daniel], fully isolate and seclude [Daniel]
with unlawful restrictions, and withhold [Daniel’s] due process and constitutional rights.”).
The sparse relevant factual allegations are that Aldrich Boarding Care prevented Daniel
from accessing a cell phone, see id. ¶ 60, prevented him from leaving the facility, see id. ¶
515, and “[Aldrich Boarding Care] staff are always threatening [Daniel] that if he tells
anybody what they do to him in [Aldrich Boarding Care] . . . that they will not give him
9
Another reason to dismiss the negligence claim is that Plaintiffs only allege the
Aldrich Defendants have intentionally harmed Daniel, they do not allege negligent
conduct. “The very fact that an act is characterized as negligent indicates that harm to
another as the result of it was neither foreseen nor intended[.]” Noske v. Friedberg, 713
N.W.2d 866, 876 (Minn. Ct. App. 2006) (quoting Hanson v. Hall, 279 N.W. 227, 229
(Minn.1938)).
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dinner,” see id. ¶ 609. These allegations are not enough. Plaintiffs fail to plausibly allege
that the Aldrich Defendants’ conduct was “utterly intolerable to the civilized community.”
Hubbard, 330 N.W.2d at 439.10
ORDER
Based on the foregoing, and on all the files, records, and proceedings herein, IT IS
ORDERED THAT:
1.
Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC, and Blake Elliot’s Motion
to Dismiss [ECF No. 146] is GRANTED; and
2.
Plaintiffs’ claims against Defendants Aldrich Boarding Care Home, LLC,
and Blake Elliot are DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.
Date: September 26, 2023
s/ Eric C. Tostrud
Eric C. Tostrud
United States District Court
10
The Court does not reach the Aldrich Defendants’ capacity argument because the
Amended Complaint is dismissed on other grounds.
26
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