Deavault v. United States of America
Filing
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MEMORANDUM AND ORDER re: 1 ORDERED that the Motion to Vacate, Set aside or Correct Sentence, [Doc. 1], is denied. FURTHER ORDERED that this Court will not issue a Certificate of Appealability as Movant has not made a substantial showing of the denial of a federal constitutional right. A separate judgment is entered this same date.. Signed by District Judge Henry E. Autrey on 8/12/13. (CEL)
Deavault v. United States of America
Doc. 23
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
SOUTHEASTERN DIVISION
DONALD DEAVAULT,
Movant,
vs.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondent.
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No. 4:11CV638 HEA
OPINION, MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Movant’s Motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255
by a Person in Federal Custody, [Doc. No. 1] Pursuant to this Court’s Order, the
government has responded to the motion to vacate. For the reasons set forth
below, the Motion is denied without a hearing.
Movant’s Claim
Movant makes a single claim in his Motion: counsel was ineffective for
failing to object to the four level enhancement for possessing a firearm in
connection with another felony, as provided in U.S.S.G 2k2.1(b)(6)
Facts and Background
Movant was indicted and charged with being a felon in possession of a
firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g). The parties entered into a plea
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agreement which provided that “4 levels should be added pursuant to Section
2K2.1(b)(6) as the defendant possessed the firearm in connection with another
felony, to wit: possession of controlled substances with intent to distribute.” The
plea agreement also provided the following facts, to which Movant admitted:
All of the following events occurred within the Eastern District of
Missouri. On December 22, 2009 [officers] received information
that the Defendant was en route to his residence at 5540 Natural
Bridge Road, Saint Louis, Missouri to retrieve a quantity of heroin.
The officers established a surveillance and observed the Defendant
arrive and enter the residence. After a brief period the Defendant
exited the residence and conduct[ed], what the officers believed, to
be a drug transaction. The Defendant entered a vehicle which was
then stopped by the officers. The officers observed the Defendant
lean toward the front seat female passenger and pass an object.
The officers recovered a quantity of drugs from the passenger.
The Defendant admitted to the officers that the drugs found on the
passenger were his drugs. The Defendant was placed under arrest
and $1,337 was seized from him.
The officers then conducted a follow-up consent search at the
residence on Natural Bridge Road. At the residence the officers
seized a loaded firearm and more drugs. The Defendant admitted
to the officers that the seized firearm and drugs were his. The
seized firearm was conveyed to the Saint Louis Metropolitan
Police Department laboratory and determined to be a Harrington &
Richardson, .32 caliber revolver and to be in operating condition
and to meet the federal definition of a firearm. The firearm was
determined to have been manufactured in the State of
Massachusetts and therefore to have traveled in interstate commerce
to reach Saint Louis, Missouri. A criminal history
check of the Defendant established that prior to his possession of
the firearm on December 22, 2009 he had been convicted of felony
offenses of Assault, Car Jacking, Possession of a Firearm in
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Furtherance of a Crime of Violence, and Escape as set forth in the
Pretrial Services Report.
The seized drugs were conveyed to the Saint Louis Metropolitan
Police Department laboratory and determined to be 6.25 grams of
Heroin, a Schedule I narcotic controlled substance drug and 1.92
grams of Marijuana, a Schedule I controlled substance drug.
Based on the quantity of seized drugs, manner of packaging, drug
paraphernalia (scale) and recovered currency, it is established the
drugs were intended for distribution.
On October 8, 2010, the Court engaged in a colloquy with Movant. The
Court inquired whether he had had enough time to go over the entire matter with
his lawyer; whether Movant was satisfied with the advice he had been given by
counsel; whether counsel had answered all of Movant’s questions, fully
completely and to Movant’s satisfaction. Movant responded in the affirmative to
all of the Court’s questions. Further the Court inquired whether there was
anything Movant needed to know or wanted to know about his case that he might
still be confused about or still may not understand even though he had enough
time to go over it with counsel. Movant responded in the negative to this
question. Movant was given the opportunity to speak in allocution, but Movant
did not do so.
Standards for Relief Under 28 U.S.C. 2255
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, a federal prisoner may seek relief from a
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sentence imposed against him on the ground that “the sentence was imposed in
violation of the Constitution or law of the United States, or that the court was
without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of
the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack.” 28
U.S.C. § 2255. Claims brought under § 2255 may also be limited by procedural
default. A Movant “cannot raise a nonconstitutional or nonjurisdictional issue in a
§ 2255 motion if the issue could have been raised on direct appeal but was not.”
Anderson v. United States, 25 F.3d 704, 706 (8th Cir. 1994) (citing Belford v.
United States, 975 F.2d 310, 313 (7th Cir. 1992)). Furthermore, even
constitutional or jurisdictional claims not raised on direct appeal cannot be raised
collaterally in a § 2255 motion “unless a petitioner can demonstrate (1) cause for
the default and actual prejudice or (2) actual innocence.” United States v. Moss,
252 F.3d 993, 1001 (8th Cir. 2001) (citing Bousley v. United States, 523 U.S. 614,
622 (1998)). Claims based on a federal statute or rule, rather than on a specific
constitutional guarantee, “can be raised on collateral review only if the alleged
error constituted a ‘fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete
miscarriage of justice.’” Reed v. Farley, 512 U.S. 339, 354 (1994)(quoting Hill v.
United States, 368 U.S. 424, 477 n. 10 (1962)).
The Court must hold an evidentiary hearing to consider claims in a § 2255
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motion “unless the motion, files and records of the case conclusively show that the
prisoner is entitled to no relief.” Shaw v. United States, 24 F.3d 1040, 1043 (8th
Cir. 1994)(citing 28 U.S.C. § 2255). Thus, a “[movant] is entitled to an
evidentiary hearing ‘when the facts alleged, if true, would entitle [movant] to
relief.’” Payne v. United States, 78 F.3d 343, 347 (8th Cir. 1996)(quoting Wade v.
Armontrout, 798 F.2d 304, 306 (8th Cir. 1986)). The Court may dismiss a claim
“without an evidentiary hearing if the claim is inadequate on its face or if the
record affirmatively refutes the factual assertions upon which it is based.” Shaw,
24 F.3d at 1043. Since the Court finds that Movant’s remaining claims can be
conclusively determined based upon the parties’ filings and the records of the
case, no evidentiary hearing will be necessary.
Discussion
Standard for Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
It is well-established that a petitioner’s ineffective assistance of counsel
claim is properly raised under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 rather than on direct appeal.
United States v. Davis, 452 F.3d 991, 994 (8th Cir.2006); United States v. Cordy,
560 F.3d 808, 817 (8th Cir. 2009). The burden of demonstrating ineffective
assistance of counsel is on a defendant. United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648,
658 (1984); United States v. White, 341 F.3d 673, 678 (8th Cir.2003). To prevail
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on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a convicted defendant must first
show counsel’s performance “fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.”
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984). The defendant must also
establish prejudice by showing “there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different. Id., at 694.
Both parts of the Strickland test must be met in order for an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim to succeed. Anderson v. United States, 393 F.3d 749,
753 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 546 U.S. 882 (2005). The first part of the test requires
a “showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as
the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id. Review of
counsel’s performance by the court is “highly deferential,” and the Court
presumes “counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable
professional assistance.” Id. The court does not “second-guess” trial strategy or
rely on the benefit of hindsight, id., and the attorney’s conduct must fall below an
objective standard of reasonableness to be found ineffective, United States v.
Ledezma-Rodriguez, 423 F.3d 830, 836 (2005). If the underlying claim (i.e., the
alleged deficient performance) would have been rejected, counsel's performance is
not deficient. Carter v. Hopkins, 92 F.3d 666, 671 (8th Cir.1996). Courts seek to
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“eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight” by examining counsel’s performance
from counsel’s perspective at the time of the alleged error. Id.
The second part of the Strickland test requires that the movant show that he
was prejudiced by counsel’s error, and “that ‘there is a reasonable probability that,
but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have
been different.’ ” Anderson, 393 F.3d at 753-54 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at
694). “A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine
confidence in the outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. When determining if
prejudice exists, the court “must consider the totality of the evidence before the
judge or jury.” Id. at 695; Williams v. U.S., 452 F.3d 1009, 1012-13 (8th Cir.
2006).
The first prong of the Strickland test, that of attorney competence, is applied
in the same manner to guilty pleas as it is to trial convictions. The prejudice
prong, however, is different in the context of guilty pleas. Instead of merely
showing that the result would be different, the defendant who has pled guilty must
establish that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, he
would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.” Hill v.
Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985); Matthews v. United States, 114 F.3d 114.
Movant argues that counsel was ineffective because counsel did not object to the
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four level enhancement for possessing a firearm in connection with another felony.
Movant argues that he was not distributing any of the controlled substances in his
possession, and therefore, the four level enhancement should not apply. Because,
according to Movant, counsel did not “investigate” §2K2.1(b)(6) and related case
law, counsel’s performance was deficient, and he was prejudiced thereby. Movant
urges that he didn’t know anything about the guideline, but that he has
subsequently learned what it entailed. The record belies Movant’s claims of blind
ignorance regarding counsel’s advice. Movant was indeed given the opportunity
to question counsel’s advice; he advised the Court that he had no questions
counsel did not answer and that he was fully satisfied with the representation he
had received. Even assuming counsel advised Movant that the enhancement was
unavoidable in spite of Movant’s claim that he did not intend to distribute the
illegal substances, Movant failed to ask the question. Movant was given the
opportunity to speak with the Court at sentencing and did not raise the issue that
was clearly before him in the Pre-Sentence Investigation Report and in the plea
agreement.
Notwithstanding that Movant has failed to show counsel’s performance was
deficient, Movant has also failed to establish prejudice from any of counsel’s
actions. The four level enhancement was supported by the facts of this case. The
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facts agreed to by the parties in the plea agreement and admitted by Movant were
clearly sufficient for the Court to find that Movant possessed the substances with
the intent to distribute-the officers’ observations, the manner of packaging,
Movant’s actions at the time of the stop. Consequently, Movant cannot
demonstrate that but for counsel’s failure to object, the four level enhancement
would not have been imposed.
Conclusion
Based upon the foregoing analysis, Movant’s claim of ineffective assistance
of counsel fails to afford him relief.
Certificate of Appealablity
The federal statute governing certificates of appealability provides that “[a]
certificate of appealability may issue . . . only if the applicant has made a
substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. §
2253(c)(2). A substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right requires
that “issues are debatable among reasonable jurists, a court could resolve the
issues differently, or the issues deserve further proceedings.” Cox v. Norris, 133
F.3d 565, 569 (8th Cir. 1997). Based on the record, and the law as discussed
herein, the Court finds that Movant has not made a substantial showing of the
denial of a constitutional right.
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Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Motion to Vacate, Set aside or
Correct Sentence, [Doc. 1], is denied.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this Court will not issue a Certificate of
Appealability as Movant has not made a substantial showing of the denial of a
federal constitutional right.
A separate judgment is entered this same date.
Dated this 12th day of August, 2013.
_______________________________
HENRY EDWARD AUTREY
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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