Williams v. Colvin

Filing 22

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER: IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED, and plaintiffs Complaint is dismissed with prejudice. A separate Judgment in accordance with this Memorandum and Order is entered this same date. Signed by Magistrate Judge Terry I. Adelman on 9/15/2014. (KMS)

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
EASTERN DIVISION

KEITH WILLIAMS,
Plaintiff,
v.
CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant.

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No. 4:13CV880 TIA

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This is an action under 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) for judicial
review of the Commissioner’s final decision denying Keith Williams’ application
for disability insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.
§§ 401, et seq., and application for supplemental security income under Title XVI
of the Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1381, et seq. All matters are pending before the
undersigned United States Magistrate Judge, with consent of the parties, pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). Because the Commissioner’s final decision is supported by
substantial evidence on the record as a whole, it is affirmed.
I. Procedural History
On October 6, 2010, the Social Security Administration denied plaintiff
Keith Williams’ March 11, 2010, applications for disability insurance benefits

(DIB) and supplemental security income (SSI), in which he claimed he became
disabled on May 4, 2005, because of ruptured disc and rotator cuff, dizziness, and
pain. (Tr. 87-88, 96-100, 148-58, 243.)1 At plaintiff’s request, a hearing was held
before an administrative law judge (ALJ) on October 11, 2011, at which plaintiff,
his father, and a vocational expert testified. (Tr. 44-85.) On December 30, 2011,
the ALJ issued a decision denying plaintiff’s claims for benefits, finding plaintiff
able to perform work as it exists in significant numbers in the national economy.
(Tr. 23-38.) On April 2, 2013, the Appeals Council denied plaintiff’s request for
review of the ALJ's decision. (Tr. 1-5.) The ALJ's determination thus stands as
the final decision of the Commissioner. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).
In the instant action for judicial review, plaintiff claims that the ALJ’s
decision is not supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole, arguing
generally that his severe impairments render him incapable of performing any
substantial work. Plaintiff also contends that the ALJ erred by discounting the
1

Plaintiff filed applications for benefits in April 2005 and April 2006, which were denied on
initial consideration and not pursued further. Plaintiff also filed applications for benefits in
August 2009, which were denied November 20, 2009, and not pursued further. At the
administrative hearing on plaintiff’s current applications, plaintiff requested that his alleged
onset date be amended to September 14, 2009, and that his August 2009 applications for benefits
be reopened. (Tr. 26, 49-50.) In her written decision, the ALJ determined not to reopen any
previous application (Tr. 26), and plaintiff does not challenge this determination. The disability
determination on plaintiff’s current applications for benefits is thus limited to the period
following the Commissioner’s most recent final decision on plaintiff’s previously filed
applications, that is, the period since November 20, 2009. Janka v. Secretary of Health, Educ. &
Welfare, 589 F.2d 365 (8th Cir. 1978). See also Ellis v. Barnhart, 392 F.3d 988, 991 n.2 (8th
Cir. 2005).
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medical opinion of his treating psychologist, Dr. Lipsitz. Plaintiff requests that the
final decision be reversed and that the matter be remanded for further
consideration. For the reasons that follow, the ALJ did not err in her
determination.
II. Testimonial Evidence Before the ALJ
A.

Plaintiff’s Testimony
At the hearing on October 11, 2011, plaintiff testified in response to

questions posed by the ALJ and counsel.
At the time of the hearing, plaintiff was thirty-three years of age. Plaintiff
stands five-feet, eight inches tall and weighs 185 pounds. Plaintiff is single and
lives with his parents. Plaintiff’s brother and family also live in the same
household. Plaintiff has a ninth grade education and was currently making
arrangements to obtain his GED. (Tr. 51-52, 65.)
Plaintiff’s Work History Report shows that he worked as a cook,
dishwasher, and stocker at fast food restaurants and grocery stores from 1993 to
April 2009. In 1995 and 1996, plaintiff worked as a carpet cleaner. In 1997 and
1998, plaintiff worked delivering sod. From 1998 to 2003, plaintiff worked for a
moving company, moving furniture. In 2003 and 2004, plaintiff worked for three
months as a farm worker. (Tr. 281.) Plaintiff testified that he was terminated from
his last job in 2009 for unknown reasons when he completed his ninety-day
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probation period. Plaintiff testified to a number of other short-term jobs from
which he was terminated for unknown reasons or because of inadequate
performance. (Tr. 53-57.) Plaintiff testified that he voluntarily left other jobs
because of dissatisfaction or inadequate pay. (Tr. 57-60.)
Plaintiff testified that he is unable to work because of constant pain in his
back and neck. Plaintiff testified that he underwent neck surgery, which initially
helped his pain, but that he thereafter began having headaches. Plaintiff testified
that his doctor advised him that additional surgery would “probably put [him] in a
wheelchair.” Plaintiff testified that the pain causes dizziness and aggravates his
headache condition. (Tr. 60-63.)
Plaintiff testified that he experiences headaches once or twice a week – each
lasting up to eighteen hours – and that they measure a level eight or nine on a scale
of one to ten. Plaintiff takes medication for the condition and lies down for four or
five hours. (Tr. 60-63, 70.)
Plaintiff testified that he also suffers from depression because he has to
borrow money from others. Plaintiff testified that he stays in bed three or four
days a week because of his depression. (Tr. 71-72.) Plaintiff testified that he
sometimes has difficulty with memory and concentration. Plaintiff testified that
he does not have trouble dealing with people. (Tr. 64-65.)
Plaintiff currently sees two doctors. He no longer regularly sees Dr. Litpsitz
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and was advised to see him when needed. Plaintiff testified that he takes
medication for dizziness, headaches, and anxiety and experiences dizziness as a
side effect. (Tr. 62-63.)
As to his exertional abilities, plaintiff testified that he has difficulty climbing
stairs because of pain in his hips and can lift no more than ten pounds because of
pain in his shoulder. Plaintiff testified to having no difficulty sitting. (Tr. 64.)
As to his daily activities, plaintiff testified that his mother makes him
breakfast after which he sits and does GED-related tasks on the computer. Plaintiff
testified that he occasionally goes to the library but usually stays at home. Plaintiff
does not help much with the household chores but does his own laundry. (Tr. 6566.) Plaintiff reads and does not watch a lot television. Plaintiff testified the he no
longer drinks because of his medical issues. (Tr. 67-68.)
B.

Testimony of Plaintiff’s Father
Plaintiff’s father, James E. Williams, Jr., testified at the hearing in response

to questions posed by the ALJ and counsel.
Mr. Williams testified that plaintiff has lived at home for several years. Mr.
Williams testified that, since his neck surgery in 2009, plaintiff has suffered from
severe headaches and arm pain. Mr. Williams testified that plaintiff stops
everything he is doing and lies down during his headache episodes, and quite often
spends his day in bed. Mr. Williams testified that plaintiff also experiences
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depression, which he believes to be related to his pain. (Tr. 74-76.)
C.

Testimony of Vocational Expert
Gary Weimholt, a private vocational rehabilitation consultant, testified at the

hearing in response to questions posed by the ALJ and counsel.
Mr. Weimholt classified plaintiff’s past work as a kitchen helper and fast
food cook as medium and unskilled; as a van driver/helper as very heavy and
unskilled; as a delivery person as light and unskilled; and as a rug cleaner as
medium and semi-skilled. (Tr. 80.)
The ALJ asked Mr. Weimholt to assume a person of plaintiff’s age,
education, and past work experience, and to further assume the person able to
perform light exertional work. The ALJ then asked the vocational expert to
assume the individual was limited to only simple, repetitive tasks with occasional
contact with supervisors, coworkers, and the public. Mr. Weimholt testified that
such a person could not perform any of plaintiff’s past work but could perform
work as a cleaner/housekeeper, of which 6,500 such jobs exist in the State of
Missouri; as an inspector and hand packager, of which 7,500 such jobs exist in the
State of Missouri and 325,000 nationally; and small parts and products assembler,
of which 7,500 such jobs exist in the State of Missouri and 325,000 nationally.
(Tr. 82.)
The ALJ then asked Mr. Weimholt to assume the same individual but that he
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would be absent from work four days a month because of his medical issues. Mr.
Weimholt testified that such a person could not perform any work in the regional
or national economies. (Tr. 82.)
Counsel asked Mr. Weimholt to assume the individual from the first
hypothetical and to further assume the person to
often have deficiencies of concentration, persistence, or pace so they
couldn’t complete tasks in a timely manner – and by “often” I’m
referring to at least several times during the week if not daily; in
addition to that, that there would be frequent inability to – or inability
to interact with others and maintain proper social conduct and avoid
altercations[.]
(Tr. 83.) Counsel clarified that the person’s deficiencies in concentration,
persistence, or pace would affect at least twenty-five percent of their daily
production. Mr. Weimholt testified that no jobs would be available for such a
person. (Tr. 84.)
III. Educational and Vocational Records
On March 24, 1994, the Francis Howell School District summarized its staff
assessment relating to plaintiff’s school performance. Plaintiff was in the ninth
grade and sixteen years of age. It was noted that plaintiff was in a combination of
learning disorder classes, behavioral disorder classes, and regular classes but that
such placement had not been successful because of poor attendance and work
completion difficulties. Classroom observations showed plaintiff to have difficulty
grasping new concepts at a normal pace, using reasoning and problem solving
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skills, making inferences and interpretations, responding appropriately to social
situations, exhibiting age-appropriate self-help skills, assuming responsibility for
his own work, and completing work on time. Plaintiff’s academic skills were
noted to be weak in the areas of basic reading, reading comprehension, math
calculation, reasoning, and written language, with plaintiff’s performance in such
areas ranging from the third to sixth grade levels. Assessment of plaintiff’s
cognitive ability showed him to function in the low average to borderline range.
Administration of the IPAT Depression and Anxiety Scale showed plaintiff to be
depressed at a level that was clinically significant. It was determined that plaintiff
met the eligibility criteria to be diagnosed as behaviorally disordered/emotionally
disturbed as demonstrated by an inability to get along with peers and teachers to a
marked degree. (Tr. 204-15.)
During his ninth grade year, plaintiff failed all of his high school classes.
(Tr. 229.)
From August to October 2008, plaintiff was a client at MERS/Goodwill. He
was thirty years of age and qualified for employment assistance because of his
cognitive impairments due to borderline intellectual functioning that resulted in
deficits in all higher order cognitive processes, academics, decision making,
judgment, motivation/initiative, ability to assume responsibility, tolerance to
frustration, and problem solving. During testing to measure work skills and
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capabilities, plaintiff obtained below average scores. Plaintiff was encouraged
during this period to continue to attend classes to prepare for the GED so that
employment opportunities would be more readily available to him. It was
recommended that plaintiff pursue employment in fast food restaurants or cooking
positions in other restaurants such as Denny’s or Waffle House. Plaintiff
repeatedly turned down MERS/Goodwill’s offers for staffing, indicating that he
was working for a temporary employment agency. In October, plaintiff advised
that he had secured full time employment as a cook at a Holiday Inn. MERS/
Goodwill’s employment services terminated at that time. (Tr. 181-200.)
IV. Medical Records Before ALJ
Throughout the medical record, references are made to an accident in 2003
whereupon plaintiff fell down multiple flights of stairs while moving a freezer,
causing injury to his back and shoulder. In April 2004, plaintiff was treated at
Barnes-Jewish St. Peters Hospital for complaints of weakness in the arms
bilaterally and a feeling that both shoulders were “out of place.” He was diagnosed
with degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine and radiculitis and was
prescribed Ultram, Flexeril, and Anaprox. (Tr. 396-99.)
Plaintiff visited Volunteers in Medicine in May 2006 with complaints of
right shoulder pain and numbness in his right hand. Limited range of motion and a
clicking sensation were noted about the shoulder. Plaintiff was diagnosed with
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unstable right shoulder. (Tr. 323.) An MRI of the right shoulder dated May 10
showed four moderate-sized tears of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus tendons,
interpreted to be rotator cuff tear requiring "a complicated and extensive surgical
procedure.” (Tr. 326.)
On February 20, 2008, Volunteers in Medicine provided plaintiff a note
permitting him to return to work. It was noted that plaintiff was to be an over-theroad truck driver and needed a medical note to do so. Examination showed no pain
or tenderness about the right shoulder, and plaintiff had full range of motion.
Plaintiff was diagnosed with recovered right rotator cuff injury and was cleared to
return to work on March 1, 2008. (Tr. 374.)
Plaintiff visited Dr. Charles Linsenmeyer at Volunteers in Medicine on
August 5, 2009, with complaints of pain in both shoulders and intermittent
numbness and weakness in his arms. Plaintiff also complained of pain in his right
hip and thigh, but reported such pain to be “okay.” Plaintiff was taking no
medications. Physical examination showed full range of motion about the cervical
spine and right shoulder, with reflexes measured to be 4+. Dr. Linsenmeyer
diagnosed plaintiff with history of rotator cuff tear, without follow up in 2006; and
cervical radiculopathy. (Tr. 372.)
An MRI of the cervical spine dated August 10, 2009, showed large central
disc herniation at C3-4 with severe canal stenosis compression of the cord and
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secondary myelopathy with intramedullary cord signal. It was opined that such
condition likely accounted for plaintiff’s bilateral upper extremity symptoms.
Abnormal configuration to the C2-3 vertebral body and dens was also noted,
considered to possibly be congenital fusion of the C2 and C3 including the
posterior elements and spinous processes. (Tr. 366.)
During a follow up examination on August 12, 2009, Dr. Linsenmeyer noted
plaintiff to have hyperactive reflexes and intact strength. Plaintiff was not taking
any medications. Plaintiff was diagnosed with severe cervical disk herniation with
myelopathy. Plaintiff was referred to Dr. Stanley Martin and was instructed to
limit his activities. Dr. Linsenmeyer opined that plaintiff was totally and
permanently disabled for one year. (Tr. 364-65.) X-rays of the cervical spine
taken August 28 showed congenital fusion of two vertebra at the level of C2, and
focal posterior disk spurring at C2-3. (Tr. 370.)
Plaintiff visited Dr. Martin on August 20, 2009, upon referral by Dr.
Linsenmeyer and reported constant pain in the neck radiating down the right arm to
the elbow. Plaintiff also reported tingling in the arms and hands bilaterally and
worsening of a weak right grip. Plaintiff reported no difficulties with his lower
extremities. Physical examination showed no tenderness about the cervical spine.
Good strength was noted about all four extremities with no focal weakness.
Normal tone was noted in all four extremities without atrophy. Sensation was
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intact. Straight leg raising was negative, and manipulation of the hips did not
reproduce pain. Neurological exam showed plaintiff to have normal memory and
attention span and a good fund of knowledge. Dr. Martin reviewed the recent MRI
and diagnosed plaintiff with mild cervical myelopathy. Surgical options were
discussed. (Tr. 417-18.)
On September 14, 2009, plaintiff underwent a C3-4 anterior cervical
microdiskectomy with allograft bone fusion and plate insertion. (Tr. 409-11.)
During follow up examination on September 22, plaintiff reported to Dr.
Martin that he had little neck pain and no weakness, numbness, or tingling.
Plaintiff continued to take pain medication occasionally. Plaintiff’s gait was noted
to be normal, and good strength was noted in both upper extremities. Dr. Martin
noted plaintiff to be doing very well. Plaintiff was instructed to avoid lifting more
than fifteen to twenty pounds and to avoid vigorous movements of his neck. (Tr.
408.)
On October 13, plaintiff reported to Dr. Martin that he continued to
experience numbness in his right upper arm and that he was now experiencing mild
headaches. Plaintiff denied neck pain or any radicular pain in the upper
extremities. Dr. Martin noted plaintiff to have good strength in both upper
extremities and to have a normal gait. Dr. Martin noted a recent x-ray of the
cervical spine to show nice alignment at C3-4. Dr. Martin opined that plaintiff was
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doing very well. Plaintiff was instructed to not engage in high-impact activities for
four to six weeks. (Tr. 509.)
On October 26, 2009, Robert Cottone, Ph.D., a psychological consultant
with disability determinations, completed a Psychiatric Review Technique Form
(PRTF) in which he opined that plaintiff’s high borderline intellectual functioning
caused mild limitations in activities of daily living; no limitations in maintaining
social functioning; moderate limitations in maintaining concentration, persistence,
or pace; and resulted in no repeated episodes of decompensation of extended
duration. (Tr. 511-21.) In a Mental Residual Functional Capacity (RFC)
Assessment completed that same date, Dr. Cottone opined that, in the domain of
Understanding and Memory, plaintiff was markedly limited in his ability to
understand and remember detailed instructions, but was not otherwise significantly
limited. In the domain of Sustained Concentration and Persistence, Dr. Cottone
opined that plaintiff was markedly limited in his ability to carry out detailed
instructions and moderately limited in his ability to maintain attention and
concentration for extended periods, but was not otherwise significantly limited. In
the domain of Social Interaction, Dr. Cottone opined that plaintiff was not
significantly limited in any regard. In the domain of Adaptation, Dr. Cottone
opined that plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability to set realistic goals or
make plans independently of others, but was otherwise not significantly limited.
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Overall, Dr. Cottone concluded that plaintiff retained the capacity to understand,
remember, carry out, and persist at simple tasks; make simple work-related
judgments; relate adequately to co-workers or supervisors; and adjust adequately to
ordinary changes in work routine or setting. (Tr. 522-24.)
Plaintiff visited Dr. Linsenmeyer on November 4, 2009, with complaints of
weakness in his right arm and reports that both shoulders spontaneously and
frequently dislocate. Physical examination showed hyperactive reflexes
bilaterally, good strength, some winging of the right scapula, and good range of
motion about the cervical spine. Plaintiff was diagnosed with recurrent
subluxation of the right shoulder, with lesser problems with the left shoulder.
Plaintiff was advised to undergo evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon. (Tr. 568.)
Plaintiff visited Volunteers in Medicine on February 3, 2010, with
complaints of headaches and episodes of dizziness. Plaintiff also reported
experiencing intermittent numbness and tingling in both hands. Plaintiff was noted
to be taking no medications. (Tr. 567.) An MRI of the cervical spine dated
February 17 showed anterior fusion of C2 to C3. Disk osteophyte complex at C2-3
was noted to have a moderate impression on the anterior aspect of the thecal sac,
narrowing the AP dimension of the spinal canal. (Tr. 545.)
Plaintiff was admitted to the emergency room at SSM St. Joseph Health
Center on February 18, 2010, after his neck locked up. Plaintiff reported his
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current pain to be at a level two but that the pain worsened with movement.
Plaintiff reported experiencing dizziness and tingling, but denied any weakness or
headaches. CT scans and x-rays of the cervical spine yielded no abnormal results.
Plaintiff was given Dilaudid and reported doing much better. After treatment,
plaintiff was able to turn his head and neck easily from side to side but continued
to complain of dizziness. Plaintiff was diagnosed with cervical pain, neck pain,
dizziness, and giddiness, and was prescribed Meclizine to take as needed for
dizziness. Upon discharge, plaintiff was instructed to engage in activity as usual
but to avoid sudden “jerky-type” and “risky-type” activity. (Tr. 640-54.)
Plaintiff returned to Dr. Martin on March 2, 2010, and reported continued
numbness in his hands. Plaintiff also reported that his neck locked up a few weeks
prior, requiring the assistance of EMS. Plaintiff reported occasional dizziness.
Physical examination showed plaintiff to have intact sensation, a normal gait, and
good strength in all four extremities without focal weakness. Dr. Martin noted
recent diagnostic studies to show mild narrowing of the canal at C3-4. Dr. Martin
noted plaintiff to have experienced little improvement since his surgery but also
that his condition had not worsened. Dr. Martin questioned the etiology of
plaintiff’s neck locking up and suspected a significant vertebral artery abnormality.
Surgical options were discussed, but Dr. Martin recommended to plaintiff that he
hold off on additional surgery. Dr. Martin diagnosed plaintiff with cervicalgia, and
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brachial neuritis or radiculitis. Physical therapy was prescribed. (Tr. 532-34, 660.)
On March 15, 2010, plaintiff reported to Dr. Linsenmeyer that headaches
keep him awake at night and that he experiences dizziness with his headaches. It
was noted that plaintiff took no medications. Plaintiff’s past medical history was
noted. (Tr. 566-67.) An MRI of the brain dated March 22 yielded findings
consistent with early small vessel ischemic change, migraine, demyelinating
disease, or Lyme disease. No evidence of mass lesion or abnormal enhancement
was noted. (Tr. 564.)
Plaintiff visited St. Charles Orthopaedic Surgery Associates on April 7,
2010, upon referral from Volunteers in Medicine. It was noted that MRI imaging
ordered by Dr. Linsenmeyer showed some rotator cuff degenerative changes but
that plaintiff had “not tried much in the way of nonoperative treatment” for the
shoulder. Plaintiff’s radicular symptoms down the right arm were noted. Physical
examination showed plaintiff to exhibit some pain with range of motion about the
shoulder. Tenderness was noted over the anterior aspect of the shoulder, with
mildly positive impingement sign. No instability was noted. A cortisone injection
to the shoulder was administered, and it was suggested that plaintiff try nonsurgical modalities before seeking operative care for the condition. Plaintiff was
encouraged to “work hard to get better and not seek disability for this.” (Tr. 664.)
Plaintiff visited Volunteers in Medicine on May 3, 2010, and complained of
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persistent headaches and neck pain. Plaintiff’s medical history was noted. It was
noted that plaintiff complained of new occipital head pain. Plaintiff also reported
having dizzy spells that last about one hour and that he sits down during such
spells. Plaintiff reported that he feels that he will pass out. It was noted that
plaintiff took no medications. It was noted that plaintiff’s cervical myelopathy
would probably not get better and that such condition may account for his
dizziness, light headedness, and head and neck pain. It was determined that a
vertigo suppressant would be tried. (Tr. 705.) Ultram was prescribed. (Tr. 703.)
Plaintiff visited David Lipsitz, Psy.D., on May 20, 2010, who noted
plaintiff’s past medical and social history. It was noted that plaintiff was not very
active. Plaintiff reported having dropped out of high school in the ninth grade after
his buddy died and that he was currently studying for his GED. Plaintiff reported
not having many friends in that they were dead, in jail, or had moved away. Dr.
Lipsitz noted plaintiff to be taking no medication other than pain medication.
Plaintiff reported his activities to include fishing, working on his truck, and
watching television. Plaintiff reported that his goal was to not be so depressed.
Dr. Lipsitz diagnosed plaintiff with major depression and recommended further
evaluation. (Tr. 670-71.)
On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) administered by
Dr. Lipsitz on May 27, 2010, plaintiff obtained the following IQ scores: verbal,
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81; perceptual reasoning, 75; working memory, 69; processing speed, 74; full
scale, 71. (Tr. 673.)
Plaintiff visited Dr. Lipsitz on June 3, 2010, and complained of severe pain
in his neck and down his shoulder. Plaintiff reported having been in bed for the
past four or five days. Plaintiff’s mood was down. Plaintiff reported his parents to
be fighting about his brother who had just been sent to prison for possession of
marijuana. Plaintiff was instructed to return the following week. (Tr. 672.)
On that same date, Dr. Lipsitz reported to the Social Security Administration
that plaintiff suffered from severe depression and anxiety and had borderline
intelligence. Dr. Lipsitz reported that plaintiff would probably need treatment for
depression. Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff experienced marked limitations in his
activities of daily living; in maintaining social functioning; and in maintaining
concentration, persistence, or pace. (Tr. 669.)
Plaintiff visited Dr. Linsenmeyer on June 23, 2010, and complained of pain
in his shoulders bilaterally as well as in his neck, low back, and right hip. Plaintiff
also reported having numbness in both arms. Plaintiff reported his headaches to be
worse than a migraine and worse than what he experienced prior to surgery. Dr.
Linsenmeyer noted plaintiff’s reflexes in his upper extremities to be hyperactive
and his strength to be excellent. (Tr. 709-10.) Ultram was prescribed. (Tr. 703.)
X-rays of the cervical spine dated June 24 yielded no abnormal results. (Tr. 716.)
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Blood tests on July 2, 2010, were negative for Lyme disease. (Tr. 715.)
On September 14, 2010, plaintiff underwent a consultative psychological
evaluation for disability determinations. Plaintiff reported to Dr. Thomas J.
Spencer that he experiences issues with his back and recurring headaches that
sometimes cause pain to a degree that he cannot move his neck. Plaintiff reported
experiencing pain throughout his body, but that his neck is primarily affected.
Plaintiff reported that he experiences pain at a level ten every day. Plaintiff
reported that he is generally able to complete day-to-day activities but feels he
cannot work. Plaintiff reported doing his own laundry, preparing his own meals,
and vacuuming. Plaintiff reported no sleep difficulties. Plaintiff expressed
uncertainty as to why he was sent to a psychologist, but reported that sitting at the
house can “mess[] with your head.” Plaintiff reported having experienced
depression in the past and that he continues to have some days where he feels
down and depressed, but that he did not think his depression was severe. Plaintiff
reported having no energy and wanting to stay in bed when feeling depressed.
Plaintiff had no crying spells. Plaintiff reported his concentration and attention to
be poor when his head hurts. Plaintiff reported having had periodic thoughts of
suicide but none currently. Plaintiff reported that he enjoys hanging out and
fishing. Plaintiff also reported that he works on his truck and was hoping to
repaint it soon. Plaintiff reported that he recently sought therapy from Dr. Lipsitz
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because of the stress he was experiencing with his situation, and that he currently
saw Dr. Lipsitz every few weeks. Plaintiff had not seen a psychiatrist and had not
been prescribed any psychotropic medication. Mental status examination showed
plaintiff to be alert and oriented times four. His affect was neutral, and he reported
his mood to be “spaced out.” Plaintiff’s flow of thought was noted to be intact and
relevant. Dr. Spencer opined that plaintiff had below average intelligence. No
impairment in long-term memory was noted. Plaintiff could not spell the word
“world” but could complete simple arithmetic. Testing scores were not suggestive
of malingering. Dr. Spencer diagnosed plaintiff with major depressive disorder,
recurrent, moderate; alcohol dependence in sustained remission; and borderline
intellectual functioning. Dr. Spencer noted that plaintiff’s symptoms of depression
seemed situational. Dr. Spencer assigned a Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) score of 55-602 (Tr. 676-79) and concluded with his opinion that plaintiff
retains the ability to understand and remember simple instructions.
Furthermore, he retains the ability to engage in and persist with simple
to moderately complex tasks. Mr. Williams demonstrated moderate
impairment in his ability to interact socially and adapt to change in the
workplace. He did not appear to need assistance in managing his
benefits.
(Tr. 679.)
2

A GAF score considers “psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical
continuum of mental health/illness.” Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Text Revision 34 (4th ed. 2000). A GAF score of 51 to 60 indicates moderate symptoms (e.g.,
flat affect and circumstantial speech, occasional panic attacks) or moderate difficulty in social,
occupational, or school functioning (e.g., few friends, conflicts with peers or co-workers).
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On October 5, 2010, Kyle DeVore, Ph.D., a psychological consultant with
disability determinations, completed a PRTF in which he opined that plaintiff’s
borderline intellectual functioning, major depressive disorder, and alcohol
dependency in remission caused no limitations in plaintiff’s activities of daily
living; and moderate limitations in maintaining social functioning and in
maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace. (Tr. 680-91.) In a Mental RFC
Assessment completed that same date, Dr. DeVore opined that, in the domain of
Understanding and Memory, plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability to
understand and remember detailed instructions, but otherwise was not significantly
limited. In the domain of Sustained Concentration and Persistence, Dr. DeVore
opined that plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability to carry out detailed
instructions; maintain concentration and attention for extended periods; work in
coordination with or proximity to others without being distracted by them;
complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from
psychologically-based symptoms; and perform at a consistent pace without an
unreasonable number and length of rest periods. In the domain of Social
Interaction, Dr. DeVore opined that plaintiff was moderately limited in his ability
to interact appropriately with the general public, accept instructions, and respond
appropriately to criticism from supervisors, but otherwise was not significantly
limited. Finally, in the domain of Adaptation, Dr. DeVore opined that plaintiff was
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moderately limited in his ability to respond appropriately to changes in the work
setting, but otherwise was not significantly limited. Dr. DeVore concluded with an
opinion that plaintiff retained the ability to ask simple questions; understand,
follow, and complete simple instructions and directions; and perform at least
simple, unskilled tasks. Dr. DeVore further opined that plaintiff would benefit
from a work environment where he had limited social interaction. (Tr. 692-94.)
On October 13, 2010, plaintiff visited Dr. E. F. Vastola at Volunteers in
Medicine after having been involved in a motor vehicle accident three days prior
from which he suffered cervical whiplash. X-rays of the cervical spine yielded no
abnormal results. Plaintiff reported obtaining some relief with Tramadol. Plaintiff
complained of continued shoulder and neck pain that was always present but
reported it to worsen with any exertion at which time he also experiences
numbness and tingling. Upon physical examination and review of diagnostic tests,
Dr. Vastola diagnosed plaintiff with brachial plexus impingement in a thoracic
outlet syndrome. He determined to manage the condition conservatively,
prescribing Tramadol as needed with possible referral to a physiotherapeutic
program. Plaintiff was continued on Tramadol. (Tr. 703, 711-12, 713.)
Between June 10 and October 28, 2010, plaintiff visited Dr. Lipsitz on ten
occasions. During this time, plaintiff continued to complain of headaches and pain
in his neck, shoulders, and back, and Dr. Lipsitz observed plaintiff to be
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preoccupied by this pain. Plaintiff also continually reported being bored. Plaintiff
reported arguing and having ongoing conflict with his father. Throughout this
period, plaintiff kept Dr. Lipsitz apprised of the status of his disability proceedings.
(Tr. 696-98.)
On November 3, 2010, plaintiff reported to Volunteers in Medicine that his
neck and shoulder pain had worsened since his last visit. It was noted that plaintiff
was taking Tramadol. Plaintiff left this appointment before being seen by Dr.
Vastola. (Tr. 711.)
On November 5 and December 2, 2010, plaintiff failed to appear for
scheduled appointments with Dr. Lipsitz. (Tr. 698, 699.)
On December 15, 2010, plaintiff failed to appear for a scheduled
appointment at Volunteers in Medicine. (Tr. 711.)
Plaintiff visited Crider Health Center (Crider) on July 18, 2011. Plaintiff’s
medical and psychiatric history was noted. It was noted that plaintiff was not
taking any psychiatric medications. It was also noted that plaintiff continued to
experience headaches and dizzy spells and that he took Tramadol for the
conditions. Plaintiff reported that he was an alcoholic and underwent treatment for
the condition fifteen years prior. Plaintiff reported having last drank two days
prior. Plaintiff reported currently having a depressed mood and crying spells with
feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Plaintiff also reported fatigue,
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distractibility, and irritability. Plaintiff reported not being socially withdrawn but
that he was anhedonic. Plaintiff reported having suicidal and homicidal ideations
but no plan. Plaintiff reported having serious rage problems and that his girlfriend
feared that he could seriously hurt someone. Mental status examination showed
plaintiff to be alert and oriented but distraught, skeptical, evasive, and distrustful.
Plaintiff’s eye contact was noted to be distant, and his speech was mumbling and
inaudible at times. Plaintiff’s thought process was coherent and relevant.
Plaintiff’s judgment was noted to be impaired and his insight poor. Plaintiff was
diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent, non-psychotic; alcohol
dependence; and intermittent explosive disorder. Plaintiff was assigned a GAF
score of 50.3 Plaintiff was prescribed Celexa and was referred to anger
management therapy. (Tr. 725-27.)
On August 4, 2011, Dr. Lipsitz completed an RFC Assessment for Mental
Disorders in which he reported that plaintiff experienced major depression and
borderline intellectual functioning and had a GAF score of 50. Dr. Lipsitz reported
that plaintiff exhibited the following symptoms of his impairments: anger,
depression, resentment, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, hostility and irritability,
persistent anxiety, emotional mood manifestations, poor memory recall, poor or
3

A GAF score of 41-50 indicates serious symptoms (e.g., suicidal ideation, severe obsessional
rituals, frequent shoplifting) or any serious impairment in social, occupational, or school
functioning (e.g., no friends, unable to keep a job).
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inappropriate fund of knowledge, poor commonsense judgment, poor insight, and
psychomotor agitation or retardation. Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff’s psychiatric
condition exacerbated his perception of pain. With respect to plaintiff’s abilities to
perform work activities on a day-to-day basis, Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff had
good or fair mental abilities and aptitude needed to do unskilled work and fair
mental abilities and aptitude needed to do semi-skilled and skilled work. Dr.
Lipsitz further opined that plaintiff had good mental abilities and aptitude to
maintain socially appropriate behavior, adhere to basic standards of neatness and
cleanliness, travel in unfamiliar places, and use public transportation; and fair
ability to interact appropriately with the general public. Dr. Lipsitz opined that
plaintiff was moderately limited in his activities of daily living and in maintaining
social functioning, and often experienced deficiencies of concentration,
persistence, or pace resulting in a failure to complete tasks in a timely manner. Dr.
Lipsitz then opined that, in the domain of Activities of Daily Living, plaintiff was
markedly limited in his ability to plan daily activities. In the domain of Social
Functioning, Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff was markedly limited in his ability to
exhibit social maturity, get along with family and friends, and avoid altercations.
In the domain of Concentration and Performance, Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff
was markedly limited in concentration and persistence in tasks. Dr. Lipsitz further
opined that plaintiff would exhibit intermittent or continuous difficulty with
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holding a job, maintaining regular attendance and customary punctuality,
sustaining an ordinary routine without supervision, and responding appropriately to
criticism from supervisors. Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff’s symptoms would
frequently interfere with his attention and concentration and would cause moderate
limitation in his ability to deal with work stress. Dr. Lipsitz opined that plaintiff
would be absent from work in excess of three days each month. (Tr. 719-23.)
Plaintiff returned to Crider on August 15, 2011, for follow up and reported
that he is bored and frustrated sitting idle with no job. Plaintiff reported that
Celexa helped him but that it initially made him dizzy. Plaintiff was continued in
his diagnoses and was instructed to continue with Celexa. (Tr. 728.)
V. The ALJ's Decision
The ALJ found plaintiff to meet the insured status requirements of the Social
Security Act through September 30, 2012. The ALJ found that plaintiff had not
engaged in substantial gainful activity since May 4, 2005, the alleged onset date of
disability.4 The ALJ found plaintiff’s depression and residuals of cervical fusion to
be severe impairments, but that he did not have an impairment or combination of
impairments that met or medically equaled an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R. Part
4

Although plaintiff requested at the administrative hearing that the alleged onset date be
amended to September 14, 2009, there is no indication that the ALJ granted this request or that
the plaintiff filed any notice in the record of an amended onset date. As noted supra at n.1,
however, the determination of plaintiff’s disability was nevertheless limited to the period after
November 20, 2009.
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404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. The ALJ found plaintiff to have the RFC to perform
light work5 except that he was limited to unskilled work and simple, repetitive
tasks. The ALJ found plaintiff unable to perform any of his past relevant work.
Considering plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, and RFC, the ALJ
determined vocational expert testimony to support a finding that plaintiff could
perform other work existing in significant numbers in the national economy, and
specifically, cleaner/housekeeper, inspector, and small products assembler. The
ALJ thus found that plaintiff was not under a disability from May 4, 2005, through
the date of the decision. (Tr. 28-38.)
VI. Discussion
To be eligible for DIB and SSI under the Social Security Act, plaintiff must
prove that he is disabled. Pearsall v. Massanari, 274 F.3d 1211, 1217 (8th Cir.
2001); Baker v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 955 F.2d 552, 555 (8th Cir.
1992). The Social Security Act defines disability as the "inability to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or
mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or
can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." 42
U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). An individual will be declared disabled
5

“Light work involves lifting no more than 20 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying
of objects weighing up to 10 pounds. . . . [A] job is in this category when it requires a good deal
of walking or standing, or when it involves sitting most of the time with some pushing and
pulling of arm or leg controls.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1567(b), 416.967(b).
- 27 -

"only if his physical or mental impairment or impairments are of such severity that
he is not only unable to do his previous work but cannot, considering his age,
education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful
work which exists in the national economy." 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(2)(A),
1382c(a)(3)(B).
To determine whether a claimant is disabled, the Commissioner engages in a
five-step evaluation process. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920; Bowen v.
Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140-42 (1987). The Commissioner begins by deciding
whether the claimant is engaged in substantial gainful activity. If the claimant is
working, disability benefits are denied. Next, the Commissioner decides whether
the claimant has a “severe” impairment or combination of impairments, meaning
that which significantly limits his ability to do basic work activities. If the
claimant's impairment(s) is not severe, then he is not disabled. The Commissioner
then determines whether claimant's impairment(s) meets or equals one of the
impairments listed in 20 C.F.R., Subpart P, Appendix 1. If claimant's
impairment(s) is equivalent to one of the listed impairments, he is conclusively
disabled. At the fourth step, the Commissioner establishes whether the claimant
can perform his past relevant work. If so, the claimant is not disabled. Finally, the
Commissioner evaluates various factors to determine whether the claimant is
capable of performing any other work in the economy. If not, the claimant is
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declared disabled and becomes entitled to disability benefits.
The decision of the Commissioner must be affirmed if it is supported by
substantial evidence on the record as a whole. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Richardson v.
Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971); Estes v. Barnhart, 275 F.3d 722, 724 (8th Cir.
2002). Substantial evidence is less than a preponderance but enough that a
reasonable person would find it adequate to support the conclusion. Johnson v.
Apfel, 240 F.3d 1145, 1147 (8th Cir. 2001). This “substantial evidence test,”
however, is “more than a mere search of the record for evidence supporting the
Commissioner’s findings.” Coleman v. Astrue, 498 F.3d 767, 770 (8th Cir. 2007)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “Substantial evidence on the
record as a whole . . . requires a more scrutinizing analysis.” Id. (internal quotation
marks and citations omitted).
To determine whether the Commissioner's decision is supported by
substantial evidence on the record as a whole, the Court must review the entire
administrative record and consider:
1.

The credibility findings made by the ALJ.

2.

The plaintiff's vocational factors.

3.

The medical evidence from treating and consulting physicians.

4.

The plaintiff's subjective complaints relating to exertional and
non-exertional activities and impairments.

5.

Any corroboration by third parties of the plaintiff's
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impairments.
6.

The testimony of vocational experts when required which is
based upon a proper hypothetical question which sets forth the
claimant's impairment.

Stewart v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 957 F.2d 581, 585-86 (8th Cir.
1992) (internal citations omitted). The Court must also consider any evidence
which fairly detracts from the Commissioner’s decision. Coleman, 498 F.3d at
770; Warburton v. Apfel, 188 F.3d 1047, 1050 (8th Cir. 1999). However, even
though two inconsistent conclusions may be drawn from the evidence, the
Commissioner's findings may still be supported by substantial evidence on the
record as a whole. Pearsall, 274 F.3d at 1217 (citing Young v. Apfel, 221 F.3d
1065, 1068 (8th Cir. 2000)). “[I]f there is substantial evidence on the record as a
whole, we must affirm the administrative decision, even if the record could also
have supported an opposite decision.” Weikert v. Sullivan, 977 F.2d 1249, 1252
(8th Cir. 1992) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted); see also Jones ex
rel. Morris v. Barnhart, 315 F.3d 974, 977 (8th Cir. 2003).
For the following reasons, the ALJ committed no legal error, and her
decision is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole.
A.

Medical Opinion Evidence
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ improperly weighed opinion evidence

obtained from his treating psychologist, Dr. Lipsitz. For the following reasons, the
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ALJ did not err in her consideration of this evidence.
In evaluating opinion evidence, the Regulations require the ALJ to explain
in the decision the weight given to any opinions from treating sources, non-treating
sources, and non-examining sources. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(f)(2)(ii),
416.927(f)(2)(ii).6 The Regulations require that more weight be given to the
opinions of treating physicians than other sources, and that controlling weight be
given if the treating physician's assessment of the nature and severity of a
claimant's impairments is well supported by medically acceptable clinical and
laboratory diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with other substantial
evidence in the record. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), 416.927(d)(2); see also
Forehand v. Barnhart, 364 F.3d 984, 986 (8th Cir. 2004). This is so because a
treating physician has the best opportunity to observe and evaluate a claimant's
condition,
since these sources are likely to be the medical professionals most
able to provide a detailed, longitudinal picture of [a claimant's]
medical impairment(s) and may bring a unique perspective to the
medical evidence that cannot be obtained from the objective medical
findings alone or from reports of individual examinations, such as
consultative examinations or brief hospitalizations.
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), 416.927(d)(2).
6

Citations to 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527 and 416.927 are to the 2011 version of the Regulations,
which were in effect at the time the ALJ rendered the final decision in this cause. This
Regulation’s most recent amendment, effective March 26, 2012, reorganizes the subparagraphs
relevant to this discussion but does not otherwise change the substance therein.
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When a treating physician's opinion is not given controlling weight, the
Commissioner must look to various factors in determining what weight to accord
the opinion, including the length of the treatment relationship and the frequency of
examination, the nature and extent of the treatment relationship, whether the
treating physician provides support for his findings, whether other evidence in the
record is consistent with the treating physician's findings, and the treating
physician's area of specialty. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d), 416.927(d). The
Regulations further provide that the Commissioner “will always give good reasons
in [the] notice of determination or decision for the weight [given to the] treating
source's opinion.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), 416.927(d)(2).
In her written decision here, the ALJ discounted the RFC Assessment
completed by Dr. Lipsitz finding the opinions rendered therein to be internally
inconsistent. The ALJ specifically noted that while Dr. Lipsitz opined that
plaintiff’s social behavior was good to fair, he later described plaintiff’s ability to
exhibit social maturity, get along with family and friends, and avoid altercations to
be markedly limited. The ALJ also noted the inconsistency in Dr. Lipsitz’s
opinion that plaintiff was able to manage his own benefits and had a good to fair
mental ability to perform unskilled to skilled work when he also opined that
plaintiff had poor commonsense judgment and poor memory and recall. Dr.
Lipsitz provides no explanation for these inconsistent findings.
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A treating physician’s opinion may be given little weight because of its
internal inconsistencies. Anderson v. Barnhart, 344 F.3d 809, 812-13 (8th Cir.
2003); see also Wagner v. Astrue, 499 F.3d 842, 849-50 (8th Cir. 2007) (and cases
cited therein) (physician opinions that are internally inconsistent are entitled to less
deference). Because of the internal inconsistencies contained within Dr. Lipsitz’s
RFC Assessment, the ALJ did not err in discounting the opinion of this treating
psychologist.
B.

Ability to Perform Work
Plaintiff argues, generally, that the effects of his severe impairments render

him unable to perform substantial work and that the ALJ erred in finding
otherwise. Plaintiff does not identify or elaborate upon any limitations he claims
should have been, but were not included in the ALJ’s RFC determination. Nor
does plaintiff present any argument demonstrating that he suffers restrictions more
limiting than as determined by the ALJ and posed to the vocational expert in the
hypothetical. Cf. Robson v. Astrue, 526 F.3d 389, 393 (8th Cir. 2008) (claimant
did not identify what limitations were missing from the hypothetical). The burden
to establish a claimant’s RFC rests with the claimant. Pearsall, 274 F.3d at 1217.
An ALJ is not required to disprove every possible impairment. McCoy v. Astrue,
648 F.3d 605, 612 (8th Cir. 2011).
By arguing generally that he cannot perform substantial work, plaintiff
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essentially asks this Court to reweigh the evidence or review the factual record de
novo, which it cannot do. See Smith v. Colvin, 756 F.3d 621, 626 (8th Cir. 2014).
Instead, the Court reviews the record to ensure that the ALJ did not disregard
evidence or ignore potential limitations. McCoy, 648 F.3d at 615.
Based on the administrative record here and the ALJ’s thorough summary
thereof, it cannot be said that the ALJ overlooked any of plaintiff’s limitations.
The ALJ summarized the medical evidence of record that showed diagnostic
testing to yield no significant abnormal results subsequent to plaintiff’s surgery in
September 2009, as well as clinical findings repeatedly demonstrating plaintiff to
have full range of motion, full strength, and intact sensation. The ALJ also noted
that the restrictions imposed by plaintiff’s treating surgeon did not preclude all
activity; indeed, such restrictions - i.e., lifting no more than twenty pounds, not
engaging in high impact activities - appear to be consistent with the performance of
light work. The ALJ also noted that plaintiff had been referred to physical therapy
but that no evidence in the record showed him to have attended any physical
therapy sessions. See Brown v. Chater, 87 F.3d 963, 965 (8th Cir. 1996)
(claimant’s failure to comply with prescribed medical treatment and lack of
significant medical restrictions inconsistent with complaints of disabling pain).
The ALJ also noted plaintiff’s depression to be situational in nature. See Gates v.
Astrue, 627 F.3d 1080, 1082 (8th Cir. 2010) (ALJ did not err in finding claimant’s
- 34 -

depression not to be severe inasmuch as it was situational in nature, related to
marital issues, and improved with medication and counseling). Finally, the ALJ
noted plaintiff’s IQ scores and his diagnosis of borderline intellectual functioning,
and adequately accounted for any limitations arising therefrom with her RFC
finding that plaintiff was limited to simple, repetitive work. See Howard v.
Massanari, 255 F.3d 577, 582 (8th Cir. 2001).
The ALJ also summarized the non-medical evidence of record, including
plaintiff’s educational, work, and vocational record; plaintiff’s testimony; and
observations by third parties, and addressed the consistency of such evidence with
other evidence of record.7 Upon conclusion of her discussion of specific medical
facts, non-medical evidence, and the consistency of such evidence when viewed in
light of the record as a whole, the ALJ assessed plaintiff’s RFC based on the
relevant, credible evidence and set out plaintiff’s exertional and non-exertional
limitations and the effect of such limitations on plaintiff’s ability to perform workrelated activities. Accord SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *7 (Soc. Sec. Admin.
7

Although plaintiff does not challenge the ALJ’s credibility determination here, a review of the
ALJ’s decision nevertheless shows that, in a manner consistent with and as required by Polaski
v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1320 (8th Cir. 1984) (subsequent history omitted), the ALJ considered the
subjective allegations of plaintiff’s disabling symptoms on the basis of the entire record before
her and set out numerous inconsistencies detracting from the credibility of such allegations. The
ALJ may disbelieve subjective complaints where there are inconsistencies on the record as a
whole. Battles v. Sullivan, 902 F.2d 657, 660 (8th Cir. 1990). The ALJ's credibility
determination is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole, and thus the Court
is bound by the ALJ's determination. Robinson v. Sullivan, 956 F.2d 836, 841 (8th Cir. 1992).

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July 2, 1996). Substantial evidence on the record as a whole supports these
findings. As noted above, plaintiff presents no evidence or argument
demonstrating that he was more restricted than as determined by the ALJ.
Plaintiff’s general claim that he cannot perform substantial work activity therefore
fails.
Accordingly, for the reasons set out above on the claims raised by plaintiff
on this appeal,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the final decision of the Commissioner is
AFFIRMED, and plaintiff’s Complaint is dismissed with prejudice.
A separate Judgment in accordance with this Memorandum and Order is
entered this same date.

_/s/Terry I. Adelman______________
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Dated this _15th__ day of __September_, 2014.

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