Stricklin v. Litton Loan Servicing, L.P. et al
Filing
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MEMORANDUM AND ORDER: IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the motion of defendant Bank of America, N.A. to dismiss Count III [Doc. #46] is granted. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the motion of defendant U.S. Bank, N.A. to dismiss Count III [Doc. #58] is granted. An order of partial dismissal will be entered separately. Signed by District Judge Carol E. Jackson on 1/8/2015. (KMS)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
EASTERN DIVISION
JOHN STRICKLIN and CHRISTINE
DWIGGINS,
Plaintiffs,
vs.
LITTON LOAN SERVICING, L.P., et al.,
Defendants.
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Case No. 4:13-CV-01354-CEJ
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on the motions of defendants Bank of
America, N.A., (BoA) and U.S. Bank, N.A., to dismiss Count III of the first amended
complaint, for failure to state a claim pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The
issues are fully briefed.
Background
Plaintiffs allege that in January 2005, they executed a promissory note
secured by a deed of trust for the purchase of a house in Jefferson County,
Missouri. The note was originally held by Resmae Mortgage Corporation. At some
point, the note and deed of trust were assigned to BoA, and plaintiffs began making
mortgage payments to BoA. Servicing of the mortgage was handled by defendants
Litton Loan Servicing, L.P. and later Ocwen Loan Servicing, L.L.C.
According to the complaint, BoA assigned the deed of trust to U.S. Bank, in
March 2012.
However, approximately one month prior to the assignment, U.S.
Bank appointed defendant The Boyd Law Group, L.C. (BLG) as successor trustee to
the deed of trust. Plaintiffs allege that U.S. Bank “did not own the Note nor hold the
Deed of Trust” at the time it appointed BLG as successor trustee. Amended
Complaint ¶ 36 (Doc. # 27) (emphasis added). Attached to the amended complaint
and incorporated by reference is a document titled “Appointment of Successor
Trustee,” dated February 16, 2012, which reflects the appointment of BLG by U.S.
Bank. In the document, U.S. Bank is identified as “the lawful holder of the
promissory note in the amount of $229,900.00 secured by the deed of trust
granted by Chris Dwiggins A/K/A Christine Dwiggins and John Stricklin . . .” Id.
(Doc. 27-4) (emphasis added).
In April 2012, BLG electronically filed the assignment of the deed of trust
from BoA to U.S. Bank and the document appointing BLG as trustee. BLG initiated
foreclosure proceedings on the plaintiffs’ house several times between May and
August 2012. Following the foreclosure, on September 10, 2012, BLG conducted a
trustee’s sale in which the house was sold to U.S. Bank.
Count III is brought as an action to quiet title. Plaintiffs allege that BLG was
not properly appointed as successor trustee and therefore could not conduct the
trustee’s sale or convey title to the property. Plaintiffs claim that, as a result, U.S.
Bank cannot claim title to the property, and they seek a declaration that they are
the owners of the property.
I. Legal Standard
The purpose of a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure is to test the legal sufficiency of the complaint. The factual
allegations of a complaint are assumed true and construed in favor of the plaintiff,
“even if it strikes a savvy judge that actual proof of those facts is improbable.” Bell
Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556 (2007) (citing Swierkiewicz v.
Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 508 n.1 (2002)); Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319,
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327 (1989) (“Rule 12(b)(6) does not countenance . . . dismissals
based on a
judge’s disbelief of a complaint’s factual allegations”); Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S.
232, 236 (1974) (a well-pleaded complaint may proceed even if it appears “that a
recovery is very remote and unlikely”). The issue is not whether the plaintiff will
ultimately prevail, but whether the plaintiff is entitled to present evidence in
support of his claim. Id. A viable complaint must include “enough facts to state a
claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atlantic Corp., 550 U.S. at 570; see
also id. at 563 (“no set of facts” language in Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45–46
(1957), “has earned its retirement.”) “Factual allegations must be enough to raise a
right to relief above the speculative level.” Id. at 555.
II. Discussion
A. BoA’s motion to dismiss
BoA seeks to dismiss Count III because it assigned its interest in the
property to U.S. Bank before the foreclosure sale. Plaintiffs agree and do not
oppose BoA’s motion. Therefore, the Count III will be dismissed as to BoA.
B. U.S. Bank’s motion to dismiss
“A wrongful foreclosure action seeking to quiet title or set aside a sale may
proceed . . . whenever plaintiff alleges certain wrongful acts that are sufficient to
render the sale void.” Lackey v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 747 F.3d 1033, 1037 (8th
Cir. 2014), reh’g denied (May 13, 2014) (citing Fields v. Millsap & Singer, P.C., 295
S.W.3d 567, 572 (Mo. Ct. App. 2009)). Under Missouri law, a holder of a note is
entitled to enforce the note. U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n v. Burns, 406 S.W.3d 495, 497
(Mo. Ct. App. 2013). “A ‘holder’ is a ‘person in possession if the instrument is
payable to bearer or, in the case of an instrument payable to an identified person, if
the identified person is in possession.’” Lackey, 747 F.3d at 1037–38 (quoting Mo.
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Ann. Stat. § 400.1-201(20)). A party that is the “holder of a note” secured by a
deed of trust is “entitled to appoint [a] successor trustee to the deed of trust.” Id.
at 1037. That is because “the note and the deed of trust are inseparable, and when
the promissory note is transferred, it vests in the transferee ‘all the interest, rights,
powers and security conferred by the deed of trust upon the beneficiary therein and
the payee in the notes.’” Bellistri v. Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC, 284 S.W.3d 619,
623 (Mo. Ct. App. 2009) (quoting St. Louis Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Walter, 46 S.W.2d
166, 170 (1931)); see also U.S. Bank Nat’l Ass’n, 406 S.W.3d at 497.
Plaintiffs’ allegation that U.S. Bank did not “own” the note is insufficient to
support their claim for relief in Count III. Further, plaintiffs have incorporated by
reference the February 16, 2012 document showing that U.S. Bank was in fact the
“holder” of the note. As holder of the note U.S. Bank had control over the deed of
trust as well. Thus, U.S. Bank had the authority to appoint BLG as successor trustee
under the deed of trust.1 Therefore, plaintiffs’ sole claim against U.S. Bank seeking
equitable relief from a wrongful foreclosure on that basis fails to state a claim. See
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the motion of defendant Bank of America,
N.A. to dismiss Count III [Doc. #46] is granted.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the motion of defendant U.S. Bank, N.A. to
dismiss Count III [Doc. #58] is granted.
1
The plaintiffs’ assertion that BLG’s failure to record its appointment as successor trustee voids the
foreclosure sale is belied by the “Appointment of Successor Trustee” document they attached to their
amended complaint which clearly shows that the document was filed in the Jefferson County
Recorder’s office. See Doc. # 27-4. Further, this is not a claim asserted in the complaint.
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An order of partial dismissal will be entered separately.
___________________________
CAROL E. JACKSON
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
Dated this 8th day of January, 2015.
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