Davidson v. Stringer et al

Filing 8

OPINION, MEMORANDUM AND ORDER (See Full Order) IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiffs motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ECF No. #4 ] is GRANTED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this action is DISMISSED without prejudice. See 28 U.S.C. 1915(e)(2)(B). A separate order of dismissal will be entered herewith. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiffs motion for hearing [ECF No. #7 ] is DENIED AS MOOT. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that to the extent plaintiffs complaint contains state law claims, the Court declines to exercise jurisdiction over those claims. See 28 U.S.C. 1367(c). IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that an appeal from this dismissal would not be taken in good faith. Signed by District Judge Henry Edward Autrey on 1/10/22. (EAB)

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI
EASTERN DIVISION
DEAN BRYAN DAVIDSON,
Plaintiff,
v.
MARK STRINGER, et al.,
Defendants.

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No. 4:21-CV-931 NCC

OPINION, MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on the motion of plaintiff Dean Bryan Davidson for leave
to commence this civil action without prepayment of the required filing fee. Having reviewed the
motion and the financial information submitted in support, the Court finds that it should be granted.
See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). Additionally, for the reasons discussed below, this action will be
dismissed without prejudice. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
Legal Standard on Initial Review
Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), the Court is required to dismiss a complaint filed in forma
pauperis if it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. To
state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must demonstrate a plausible claim for relief,
which is more than a “mere possibility of misconduct.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009).
“A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to
draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. at 678.
Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief is a context-specific task that
requires the reviewing court to draw upon judicial experience and common sense. Id. at 679. The
court must “accept as true the facts alleged, but not legal conclusions or threadbare recitals of the

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elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements.” Barton v. Taber, 820
F.3d 958, 964 (8th Cir. 2016). See also Brown v. Green Tree Servicing LLC, 820 F.3d 371, 372-73
(8th Cir. 2016) (stating that court must accept factual allegations in complaint as true, but is not
required to “accept as true any legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation”).
When reviewing a pro se complaint under § 1915(e)(2), the Court must give it the benefit
of a liberal construction. Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972). A “liberal construction”
means that if the essence of an allegation is discernible, the district court should construe the
plaintiff’s complaint in a way that permits his or her claim to be considered within the proper legal
framework. Solomon v. Petray, 795 F.3d 777, 787 (8th Cir. 2015). However, even pro se complaints
are required to allege facts which, if true, state a claim for relief as a matter of law. Martin v.
Aubuchon, 623 F.2d 1282, 1286 (8th Cir. 1980). See also Stone v. Harry, 364 F.3d 912, 914-15 (8th
Cir. 2004) (stating that federal courts are not required to “assume facts that are not alleged, just
because an additional factual allegation would have formed a stronger complaint”). In addition,
affording a pro se complaint the benefit of a liberal construction does not mean that procedural
rules in ordinary civil litigation must be interpreted so as to excuse mistakes by those who proceed
without counsel. See McNeil v. United States, 508 U.S. 106, 113 (1993).
The Complaint
Plaintiff is a self-represented litigant who is currently committed to the Southeast Missouri
Mental Health Center (SMMHC) in Farmington, Missouri. He brings this action pursuant to 42
U.S.C. § 1983. His complaint names Missouri Department of Mental Health Director Mark
Stringer; Chief Operating Officer of the SMMHC Denise Hacker; Denise Boyd; Sonya Gammon;
Stephanie Hintz; Dewane Robertson; Jaime Walley; Janet Latty; the State of Missouri; Cathy

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Unknown; and the Fulton State Hospital (FSH). Defendants are sued in their individual and official
capacities.
Plaintiff’s Statement of Claim alleges as follows:
Denise Boyd was the first to tell me that they had been opening, reading & then
disposing of my mail here. But before that was F.S.H., et al. And she said that they
had been doing it since instructed by my former Guardian, others at SM.M.H.C.
that may have tampered are on list of defendants. It kept me from learning about
what medication lowered my sodium for 6 years that almost killed me in 2007. And
I’ve been unlawfully confined against Guardian’s will to have me discharged when
I’m voluntary by Guardian since M.D.M.H. is keeping me Mark Stringer the
Director of Mo. Dept. of Mental Health is a defendant.
They’ve violated my 1st Amendment of freedom of communication and the right to
assemble and petition. And then the 5th Amendment due process of law, the right
to compensation for time taken, loss of life, Miranda rights, Miranda 1966 Act.
Also the 8th to be freedom wanton, cruel, unusual punishment and reasonable access
to the courts. And the 14th Amendment equal protection under the law & procedural
due process not to be deprived of life, liberty and property, etc.
Plaintiff states his belief that he is entitled to “restitution of compensation.” He states that
he also wishes to have his “independence” back.
He additionally claims that because, in 2007, he was kept from filing a lawsuit relating to
taking desmopressin, which he believes was dangerous, he is entitled to $3,000,000 in damages.
Plaintiff also wishes to sue the doctor who prescribed him desmopressin, Dr. Sternberg, for
“medical negligence,” for $1,000,000.
Plaintiff’s Relevant Litigation History
On July 21, 2017, plaintiff filed an action against Southeast Missouri Mental Health Center,
Denise Boyde and Fulton State Hospital in this Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v.
Southeast Mental Health Center, No. 4:17-CV-2076 RLW (E.D.Mo). In his complaint, plaintiff
asserted: (1) he had been wrongfully detained; (2) “staff” had opened and read his legal mail at the
mental health center and at Fulton State Hospital (including that social worker Denise Boyde had

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read his general mail); (3) he had been slandered and humiliated religiously; and (4) his reputation
as an ordained minister had been ruined. The District Court dismissed the action on August 23,
2017, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed
plaintiff’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction on July 19, 2018. Davidson v. Southeast Missouri Mental
Center, No. 18-2208 (8th Cir. 2018).
On July 21, 2017, plaintiff filed an action against Southeast Missouri Mental Health Center,
Denise Boyde, Dewane Robertson, Sonya Gammon and Cherrie McCord in this Court pursuant to
42 U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v. Southeast Mental Health Center, No. 4:17-CV-2078 ACL
(E.D.Mo). In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was being held at the mental health center
illegally because he was “not a psychotic;” (2) officials were discriminating against him based on
his Native American heritage; (3) defendants were confiscating his mail which has resulted in the
dismissal of his legal cases, including the loss of patents worth thousands of dollars; and (4) his
reputation as an ordained minister had been damaged. The District Court dismissed the action on
July 31, 2017, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals
dismissed plaintiff’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction on July 19, 2018. Davidson v. Southeast
Missouri Mental Center, No. 18-2227 (8th Cir. 2018).
On August 11, 2017, plaintiff filed an action against Jaimie Walker, Jannet Latty, Karen
Dastle, Jermie Wisdom, and Dr. Sternberger pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the United States
District Court for the Western District of Missouri. Davidson v. Walker, No. 2:17-CV-4147 FJG
(W.D.Mo). In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was misdiagnosed as incapacitated in 2007
due to side effects of a medication called desmopressin; (2) Dr. Sternberg committed malpractice
by failing to report he was taking desmopressin to the trauma center, thus he was prescribed
desmopressin again and it lowered his sodium; and (3) he should be granted release from the

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Missouri Department of Mental Health due to the fact that he was no longer taking desmopressin;
and (4) defendants Hacker, Waller, Latty, Gammon, Hintz and Robertson may or may not have
tampered with his mail. The District Court dismissed the action on August 23, 2017, pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
On January 22, 2018, plaintiff filed an action against Fulton State Hospital, Southeast
Missouri Mental Health Center, Stephen Hawke and Denise Boyde in this Court pursuant to 42
U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v. Fulton State Hospital, No. 4:18-CV-103 RLW (E.D.Mo.). In his
complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was being wrongfully detained; (2) staff may have opened and
read his mail, including Denise Boyde, as well as (in 2010) nurses at Fulton State Hospital named
Janette Latty and Jamie Waller; (3) he was slandered, ridiculed, and humiliated religiously; and
(4) his reputation as an ordained minister was ruined. The District Court dismissed the action on
January 29, 2018. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal by the District Court
on August 21, 2018. Davidson v. Fulton State Hospital, No. 18-1619 (8th Cir. 2018).
On February 9, 2018, plaintiff filed an action against Fulton State Hospital and Southeast
Missouri Mental Health Center pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v. Fulton State Hospital,
No. 4:18-CV-247 RLW (E.D.Mo.). In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was being
wrongfully detained; (2) staff may have opened and read his mail, possibly including mail to and
from the patent office, making the patent office believe he had abandoned his inventions and
costing him millions in royalties; (3) he was being kept in the mental health facility voluntarily by
his guardian because of a brain injury, his religion and his Native American heritage; and (4) his
reputation as an ordained minister had been ruined. The District Court dismissed the action on
June 8, 2018.

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On July 17, 2019, plaintiff filed an action against Mark Stringer, Dr. Sternberg, Denise
Hacker, Jaime Waller, Jannet Latty, Sonya Gammon, Stephanie Hintz and Dewanne Robertson
pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the United States District Court for the Western District of
Missouri. In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was misdiagnosed as incapacitated in 2007
due to side effects of a medication called desmopressin; (2) Dr. Sternberg committed malpractice
by failing to report he was taking desmopressin to the trauma center, thus he was prescribed
desmopressin again and it lowered his sodium; and (3) he should be granted release from the
Missouri Department of Mental Health due to the fact that he was no longer taking desmopressin.
The District Court dismissed the action on November 13, 2019 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e)(2)(B). Davidson v. Stringer, No.2:19-CV-4148 BCW (W.D.Mo). The Eighth Circuit
Court of Appeals affirmed the judgment of the District Court on June 8, 2020. Davidson v.
Stringer, No. 19-3670 (8th Cir. 2020).
On July 23, 2019, plaintiff filed an action Dr. Sternberg, Mark Stringer, Jamie Waller,
Jannet Latty, Denise Hacker, Denise Boyde, Sonya Gammon, Stephanie Hintz and Dewane
Robertson in this Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v. Sternberg, No. 4:19-CV-2148
RWS (E.D.Mo.). In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was misdiagnosed as incapacitated in
2007 due to side effects of a medication called desmopressin; (2) Dr. Sternberg committed
malpractice by failing to report he was taking desmopressin to the trauma center, thus he was
prescribed desmopressin again and it lowered his sodium; (3) he should be granted release from
the Missouri Department of Mental Health due to the fact that he was no longer taking
desmopressin; (4) his mail was tampered with at Fulton State Hospital, as well as at Southeast
Missouri Mental Health Center; and (5) his Miranda rights were violated at some unspecified time
period. The District Court dismissed the action on January 24, 2020.

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On October 9, 2020, plaintiff filed an action against Mark Stringer, Denise Hacker, Denise
Boyd, Sonya Gammon, Stephanie Hintz, Dewane Robertson, Jaime Walley, Janet Latty and Fulton
State Hospital in this Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Davidson v. Stringer, No. 4:20-CV-1478
DDN (E.D.Mo.). In his complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) he was entitled to restitution of a million
because he should have gotten a settlement with regard to a medication known as desmopressin;
(2) his rights were violated when his legal mail was tampered with by Denise Boyd, both at Fulton
State Hospital and at the Mental Health Facility at Southeast Missouri Mental Health Center; (3)
the alleged tampering with his legal mail did not allow him to pursue his work with the Patent and
Trademark Office; and (4) he should be granted release from the Missouri Department of Mental
Health due to the fact that he was no longer taking desmopressin. The District Court dismissed the
action on January 11, 2021. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal for lack of
jurisdiction on July 15, 2021. Davidson v. Stringer, No. 21-2298 (8th Cir. 2021).
On August 12, 2021, plaintiff filed an action against Ferring Pharmaceuticals and Dr.
Sternberg pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the United States District Court for the Western District
of Missouri. Davidson v. Ferring Pharmaceuticals, No. 2:21-CV-4156 BCW (W.D.Mo.). In his
complaint, plaintiff asserted: (1) Dr. Sternberg committed medical malpractice and was negligent
in his treatment of plaintiff in 2007 when relating to the administration of the drug desmopressin;
(2) unnamed persons at Fulton State Hospital and Southeast Missouri Medical Center he was
entitled to restitution of a million because he should have gotten a settlement with regard to a
medication known as desmopressin; (2) his rights were violated when his legal mail was tampered
with by Denise Boyd, both at Fulton State Hospital and at the Mental Health Facility at SMMHC;
(3) the alleged tampering with his legal mail did not allow him to pursue his work with the Patent
and Trademark Office; and (4) he should be granted release from the Missouri Department of

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Mental Health due to the fact that he was no longer taking desmopressin. The District Court
dismissed the action on August 26, 2021 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
On October 25, 2021 plaintiff filed an action against Ferring Pharmaceuticals pursuant to
42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri. Davidson
v. Ferring Pharmaceuticals, No. 2:21-CV-4205 BCW (W.D.Mo.). The Western District has not
yet ruled on the matter.
Discussion
Plaintiff is a self-represented litigant who is under commitment at the SMMHC. He brings
this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that his mail is being read without his knowledge,
he is being “unlawfully detained at SMMHC,” he had a “loss of his Miranda rights” and Dr.
Sternberg committed “medical negligence” against him relating to the prescribing of desmopressin
in 2007. For the reasons discussed below, this action must be dismissed without prejudice.
A. Official Capacity Claims Against Defendants Stringer, Hacker, Boyd, Gammon,
Hintz, Robertson, Walley, Latty and Cathy Unknown
Plaintiff has sued defendants Stringer, Hacker, Boyd, Gammon, Hintz, Robertson, Walley,
Latty and Cathy Unknown in their official and individual capacities. In an official capacity claim
against an individual, the claim is actually “against the governmental entity itself.” See White v.
Jackson, 865 F.3d 1064, 1075 (8th Cir. 2017). Thus, a “suit against a public employee in his or her
official capacity is merely a suit against the public employer.” Johnson v. Outboard Marine Corp.,
172 F.3d 531, 535 (8th Cir. 1999). See also Brewington v. Keener, 902 F.3d 796, 800 (8th Cir. 2018)
(explaining that official capacity suit against sheriff and his deputy “must be treated as a suit
against the County”); Kelly v. City of Omaha, Neb., 813 F.3d 1070, 1075 (8th Cir. 2016) (stating
that a “plaintiff who sues public employees in their official, rather than individual, capacities sues
only the public employer”); and Elder-Keep v. Aksamit, 460 F.3d 979, 986 (8th Cir. 2006) (stating
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that a “suit against a public official in his official capacity is actually a suit against the entity for
which the official is an agent”).
Here defendants are alleged to be employees of either SMMHC or FSH. Both are
institutions run by the Missouri Department of Mental Health. As such, plaintiff’s official capacity
claims against these defendants are actually claims against the State of Missouri itself. Those
claims fail because the State of Missouri is not a “person” for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and
because plaintiff’s claims are barred by the Eleventh Amendment.
i.

State of Missouri is Not a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Person 1

“Section 1983 provides for an action against a ‘person’ for a violation, under color of law,
of another’s civil rights.” McLean v. Gordon, 548 F.3d 613, 618 (8th Cir. 2008). See also Deretich
v. Office of Admin. Hearings, 798 F.2d 1147, 1154 (8th Cir. 1986) (stating that “[§] 1983 provides
a cause of action against persons only”). However, “neither a State nor its officials acting in their
official capacity are ‘persons’ under § 1983.” Will v. Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58,
71 (1989). See also Calzone v. Hawley, 866 F.3d 866, 872 (8th Cir. 2017) (stating that a “State is
not a person under § 1983”); and Kruger v. Nebraska, 820 F.3d 295, 301 (8th Cir. 2016) (stating
that “a state is not a person for purposes of a claim for money damages under § 1983”).
Here, plaintiff has sued employees of the Missouri Department of Mental Health for money
damages. Those claims are treated as claims against defendants’ employer, which is the State of
Missouri. As noted above, a state is not a § 1983 “person” for purposes of such a claim. Because
the State of Missouri is not a person, plaintiff is missing an essential element under § 1983.
Therefore, these claims must be dismissed.

Plaintiff has also named the State of Missouri as a defendant in this action. Pursuant to aforementioned, the claims
against the State of Missouri are subject to dismissal.

1

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ii.

Sovereign Immunity

“Sovereign immunity is the privilege of the sovereign not to be sued without its consent.”
Va. Office for Prot. & Advocacy v. Stewart, 563 U.S. 247, 253 (2011). The Eleventh Amendment
has been held to confer immunity on an un-consenting state from lawsuits brought in federal court
by a state’s own citizens or the citizens of another state. Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 651, 662-63
(1974). See also Webb v. City of Maplewood, 889 F.3d 483, 485 (8th Cir. 2018) (“The Eleventh
Amendment protects States and their arms and instrumentalities from suit in federal court”); Dover
Elevator Co. v. Ark. State Univ., 64 F.3d 442, 446 (8th Cir. 1995) (“The Eleventh Amendment bars
private parties from suing a state in federal court”); and Egerdahl v. Hibbing Cmty. Coll., 72 F.3d
615, 618-19 (8th Cir. 1995) (“Generally, in the absence of consent a suit in which the State or one
of its agencies or departments is named as the defendant is proscribed by the Eleventh
Amendment”).
There are two “well-established exceptions” to the sovereign immunity provided by the
Eleventh Amendment. Barnes v. State of Missouri, 960 F.2d 63, 64 (8th Cir. 1992). “The first
exception to Eleventh Amendment immunity is where Congress has statutorily abrogated such
immunity by clear and unmistakable language.” Id. The second exception is when a state waives
its immunity to suit in federal court. Id. at 65. A state will be found to have waived her immunity
“only where stated by the most express language or by such overwhelming implications from the
text as will leave no room for any other reasonable construction.” Welch v. Tex. Dep’t of Highways
& Pub. Transp., 483 U.S. 468, 473 (1987). Neither exception is applicable in this case.
The first exception is inapplicable, because the Supreme Court has determined that § 1983
does not revoke a state’s Eleventh Amendment immunity from suit in federal court. See Will, 491

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U.S. at 66 (“We cannot conclude that § 1983 was intended to disregard the well-established
immunity of a State from being sued without its consent”); and Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332,
341 (1979) (“[W]e simply are unwilling to believe…that Congress intended by the general
language of § 1983 to override the traditional sovereign immunity of the States”). The second
exception is also inapplicable, because the State of Missouri has not waived its sovereign immunity
in this type of case. See Mo. Rev. Stat. 537.600 (explaining that sovereign immunity is in effect,
and providing exceptions).
Here, plaintiff has sued employees of the State of Missouri in their official capacities. Such
claims are treated as being made against the state itself. As noted above, however, the Eleventh
Amendment bars suit against a state, and no exceptions to sovereign immunity are present in this
case. Furthermore, while a state official may be sued in an official capacity for prospective
injunctive relief, the Eleventh Amendment bars suit against a state official for monetary damages.
See Monroe v. Arkansas State Univ., 495 F.3d 591, 594 (8th Cir. 2007) (explaining that the
Eleventh Amendment bars suit against a state or its agencies for any kind of relief, not merely
monetary damages, but that a state official may be sued in an official capacity for prospective
injunctive relief); and Andrus ex rel. Andrus v. Arkansas, 197 F.3d 953, 955 (8th Cir. 1999) (“A
claim for damages against a state employee in his official capacity is barred under the Eleventh
Amendment”). In this case, plaintiff is suing for money damages only, so sovereign immunity
applies to plaintiff’s official capacity claims. Therefore, plaintiff’s official capacity claims against
defendants must be dismissed.
B. Claims Against FSH and SMMHC
Plaintiff’s claims against FSH and SMMHC must be dismissed for the same reason as
plaintiff’s official capacity claims against defendants Stringer, Hacker, Boyd, Gammon, Hintz,

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Robertson, Walley, Latty and Cathy Unknown. First, plaintiff’s claims against a state hospital and
state mental health facility is a claim against the state itself. However, a state is not a “person” for
purposes of a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim. See Will, 491 U.S. at 71 (explaining that “neither a State
nor its officials acting in their official capacity are ‘persons’ under § 1983”); Calzone, 866 F.3d at
872 (stating that a “State is not a person under § 1983”); and Kruger, 820 F.3d at 301 (stating that
“a state is not a person for purposes of a claim for money damages under § 1983”). Second, such
a claim is barred by the Eleventh Amendment. See Monroe, 495 F.3d at 594 (explaining that the
Eleventh Amendment bars suit against a state or its agencies for any kind of relief, not merely
monetary damages). As explained above, no exceptions to the Eleventh Amendment’s sovereign
immunity are present in this case. For these reasons, plaintiff’s claims against FSH and SMMHC
must be dismissed.
C. Individual Capacity Claims
In his complaint, plaintiff contends that while he was at SMMHC and FSH, defendants
tampered with his mail. According to plaintiff, this tampering blocked his access to the Courts,
keeping him from a lawsuit regarding the medication desmopressin.
Liability in a § 1983 case is personal. Frederick v. Motsinger, 873 F.3d 641, 646 (8th Cir.
2017). In other words, “[g]overnment officials are personally liable only for their own
misconduct.” S.M. v. Krigbaum, 808 F.3d 335, 340 (8th Cir. 2015). As such, § 1983 liability
“requires a causal link to, and direct responsibility for, the deprivation of rights.” Mayorga v.
Missouri, 442 F.3d 1128, 1132 (8th Cir. 2006) (quoting Madewell v. Roberts, 909 F.2d 1203, 1208
(8th Cir. 1990)). See also Kohl v. Casson, 5 F.3d 1141, 1149 (8th Cir. 1993) (dismissing plaintiff’s
excessive bail claims because none of the defendants set plaintiff’s bail, and therefore, “there can
be no causal connection between any action on the part of the defendants and any alleged

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deprivation” of plaintiff’s rights). To that end, a plaintiff must allege facts connecting the
defendant to the challenged action. See Bitzan v. Bartruff, 916 F.3d 716, 717 (8th Cir. 2019).
In this case, plaintiff alleges that defendant Boyd told him: “Denise Boyd was the first to
tell me that they had been opening, reading & then disposing of my mail here. But before that was
F.S.H., et al. And she said that they had been doing it since instructed by my former Guardian,
others at SM.M.H.C. that may have tampered are on list of defendants.” (emphasis added)
Plaintiff also states, in a wholly conclusory manner, that certain defendants interfered with
his mail and denied him access to the courts. However, plaintiff alleges no facts from which the
Court can infer that any defendant regularly and unjustifiably interfered with his mail, or
destroyed, withheld or refused to send any mail. It therefore cannot be said that plaintiff states a
claim of constitutional magnitude against any defendant related to interference with mail. See
Davis v. Goord, 320 F.3d 346, 351 (2d Cir. 2003) (to state a claim under the First Amendment, a
plaintiff must show a regular and unjustifiable interference with mail); see also Zimmerman
v.Tribble, 226 F.3d 568, 572 (7th Cir. 2000) (allegations of sporadic and short-term delays and
disruptions in mail are insufficient to state a claim under the First Amendment). Additionally,
plaintiff does not allege facts permitting the inference that any defendant’s action caused him to
be deprived of some specific opportunity to defend himself, or advance a viable legal claim, in a
criminal appeal, postconviction matter, or civil rights action seeking to vindicate constitutional
rights. It therefore cannot be said that plaintiff alleges a cognizable injury, as required to bring a
claim premised upon the denial of access to the courts. See Sabers v. Delano, 100 F.3d 82, 84 (8th
Cir. 1996) (per curiam) (citing Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S 343 (1996)).
At no point in his complaint does plaintiff attempt to connect each of the individually listed
defendants with a specific violation of his constitutional rights. That is, he has not shown how each

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defendant was personally responsible for hindering him in the pursuit of “a nonfrivolous and
arguably meritorious underlying legal claim.” 2 See Hartsfield v. Nichols, 511 F.3d 826, 831 (8th
Cir. 2008). Moreover, he has not shown how each defendant was personally responsible for
causing him an actual injury by demonstrating what legal claim they frustrated or impeded. See
White v. Kautzky, 494 F.3d 677, 680 (8th Cir. 2007) (explaining that plaintiff must demonstrate
that a nonfrivolous legal claim as been frustrated or is being impeded); and Myers v. Hundley, 101
F.3d 542, 544 (8th Cir. 1996) (explaining that a plaintiff must assert that he suffered an actual injury
to pending or contemplated legal claims).
The Court also notes that plaintiff’s “Statement of Claim” fails to provide sufficient factual
allegations to raise his right to relief above the speculative level. See Torti v. Hoag, 868 F.3d 666,
671 (8th Cir. 2017) (stating that “factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above
the speculative level”). Instead, plaintiff has presented only labels and conclusions, and the
recitation of the elements of a cause of action, which is not adequate to state a claim. See Neubauer
v. FedEx Corp., 849 F.3d 400, 404 (8th Cir. 2017).
Further, the conduct which plaintiff complains appears to have occurred in 2007 and 2008.
Missouri’s five-year statute of limitations for personal injury actions, Mo. Rev. Stat. § 516.120(4)
(2000), applies to § 1983 claims brought in Missouri. Sulik v. Taney County, Mo., 393 F.3d 765,
766-67 (8th Cir. 2005) (citations omitted). Therefore, to the extent plaintiff attempts to bring

To the extent he is asserting that all conduct was done by defendant Denise Boyd, the Court has addressed plaintiff’s
contentions relative to defendant Boyd (and some of the other defendants) in plaintiff’s prior lawsuits. See Davidson
v. Southeast Mental Health Center, No. 4:17-CV-2076 RLW (E.D.Mo); Davidson v. Southeast Mental Health Center,
No. 4:17-CV-2078 ACL (E.D.Mo); Davidson v. Walker, No. 2:17-CV-4147 FJG (W.D.Mo); Davidson v. Fulton State
Hospital, No. 4:18-CV-103 RLW (E.D.Mo.); Davidson v. Fulton State Hospital, No. 4:18-CV-247 RLW (E.D.Mo.);
Davidson v. Sternberg, No. 4:19-CV-2148 RWS (E.D.Mo.); and Davidson v. Stringer, No. 4:20-CV-1478 DDN
(E.D.Mo.). The dismissal of these prior cases pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 review has a res judicata effect on
frivolousness determinations for future in forma pauperis petitions. Waller v.Groose, 38 F.3d 1007, 1008 (8th Cir.
1994) (per curiam); see also Cooper v. Delo, 997 F.2d 376, 377 (8th Cir. 1993) (§ 1915(e) dismissal has res judicata
effect on future IFP petitions).
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Case: 4:21-cv-00931-NCC Doc. #: 8 Filed: 01/10/22 Page: 15 of 15 PageID #: 130

claims pursuant to § 1983 that accrued more than five years before the filing of the original
complaint, they are time-barred. 3
Finally, to the extent plaintiff can be understood to seek release from confinement, such relief
is available only through a petition for a writ of habeas corpus.
Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiff’s motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis
[ECF No. 4] is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this action is DISMISSED without prejudice. See 28
U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). A separate order of dismissal will be entered herewith.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff’s motion for hearing [ECF No. 7] is DENIED
AS MOOT.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that to the extent plaintiff’s complaint contains state law
claims, the Court declines to exercise jurisdiction over those claims. See 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c).
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that an appeal from this dismissal would not be taken in
good faith.
Dated this 10th day of January, 2022.

_______________________________
HENRY EDWARD AUTREY
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

Although plaintiff has not named Dr. Sternberg as a defendant in this action, to the extent he is seeking relief against
Dr. Sternberg, his allegations would be subject to dismissal. Even if all of plaintiff’s claims against Dr. Sternberg were
timely, his assertions against would establish, at most, that he was negligent or committed medical malpractice. Such
allegations do not state a claim of constitutional dimension. See Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S. 327, 328 (1986) (the
Constitution is not implicated by a negligent act of an official causing unintended loss of or injury to life, liberty, or
property).

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